嵌入馈电微带贴片天线的设计(a microstrip-line insett_fed patch antenna)

I.J. Wireless and Microwave Technologies, 2017, 6, 1-12Published Online November 2017 in MECS()DOI: 10.5815/ijwmt.2017.06.01Available online at /ijwmtDesign of Microstrip Trapezoidal Patch Antenna Using Coaxial Feeding Technique for Space ApplicationsDeepanshu Kaushal a, Shanmuganantham Thangavelu*a*Dept. of Electronics Engineering,Pondicherry University,Pondicherry-605014, IndiaReceived: 03 March 2017; Accepted: 06 August 2017; Published: 08 November 2017AbstractA microstrip trapezoidal patch antenna structure has been proposed to serve different space applications including the fixed satellite applications, mobile and radiolocation services. This structure utilizes a 0.787 mm thick RT Duroid (5880) substrate of relative permittivity 2.2 and a dielectric loss tangent of 0.0009. A trapezium shaped patch has been formed on it. The patch is compact and has a novel geometry. The feeding technique employed is coaxial/probe feed. The parametric analysis done over HFSS-15 software to study the effects of the structural design over the behavior of antenna reveals the potentiality of the designed antenna to maintain a nearly constant gain upon the variation of several parameters individually. The use of parallel slots in the design offer a reduction in the size of the patch [5]. The performance of the antenna has been analyzed in terms of reflection coefficient, bandwidth and radiation pattern. The antenna yielded a simulated single band reflection coefficient of -22.5 dB and a peak gain of 4.7 dBi at 3.64 GHz and an impedance bandwidth of 10 MHz at -10 dB reflection coefficient. The fabricated design was tested over VNA for its reflection coefficient. The measured results have been included.Index Terms: High Frequency Structural Simulator (HFSS), Radio Frequency (RF).© 2017 Published by MECS Publisher. Selection and/or peer review under responsibility of the Research Association of Modern Education and Computer Science1.IntroductionThe communication that was initiated by sound through voice witnessed the use of devices such as drums followed by the use of visual methods such as sign flags and smoke signals. These optical devices were, however, limited to the light portion of electromagnetic spectrum. Antennas, being one of the greatest natural resource of the mankind has been instrumental in harnessing the electromagnetic spectrum outside this visible * Corresponding author. Tel: +91 413 2654997E-mail address: shanmugananthamster@region. Microstrip patch antennas have proven out to be a breakthrough in the field of antenna technology and are attracting a wide research interest. Abbreviated normally as MPA, they find application in different mobile services which include the applications and utilities provided by service operators in order to enhance the mobile experience of its users. These mobile services usually differ on an operator basis and remain under a completely "separate license". In addition to various mobile services, the microstrip patch antennas can also be utilized for fixed satellite and radio location purpose. The microstrip patch antennas as in Fig. 1 consist of a radiating patch element over a grounded base separated by a dielectric substrate [1]. The growing trend of these microstrip patch antennas is mainly due to their low- profile structure, conformability to non- planar surfaces, simplicity, reduced cost, mechanical robustness, compatibility with MMIC designs and the versatility offered in terms of centre frequency, space orientation of fields, patterns and impedance [2].Fig.1. Microstrip Patch AntennaDifferent existing microstrip patch antenna designs have been studied. The ACS-fed compact antenna for UWB applications in [3] produced an average gain of 3.6 dBi. The peak gains realized in [4] in lower, middle and upper bands included 3.1 dBi, 4.52 dBi and 4.89 dBi respectively. In [5], a mono layered high gain microstrip antenna configuration was built with a reflection coefficient of -11 dB. The peak gain achieved by a compact asymmetrically-slotted microstrip patch antenna with circular polarization in [6] was 4 dBi. The reflection coefficient achieved in large gain multilayered antenna apt for wireless applications in [7] was -17 dB. The microstrip danger symbol shaped patch antenna proposed for fixed satellite applications in [8] achieved a reflection coefficient of -35.7 dB, peak gain of 1.6 dBi and a bandwidth of 12 MHz at 2.7 GHz. At another resonant frequency, i.e. 4.57 GHz, the design exhibited a reflection coefficient of -10.1 dB, gain of 4.9 dBi and a bandwidth of 4.61 MHz. The reconfigurable single band microstrip patch antenna for satellite applications using FR4 epoxy substrate in [9] achieved a peak gain of 3.7 dBi with a -22.8dB reflection coefficient. The microstrip patch antenna with annular-ring slot intended for ISM band applications in [10] had a peak gain of 1.86 dBi at 2.4 GHz. The patch antenna designed at 2.4 GHz for WLAN applications in [11] displayed a maxim gain of 4.6 dBi at 2.4 GHz. Also, the maxim gain achieved by X band conformal antenna using microstrip patch in [12] was 2.2. The reference antenna used in [13] displayed a peak gain of 4.6 dBi with a reflection coefficient of -23.5 dB while the proposed quad band antenna achieved a minimum reflection coefficient of -17.6 dB with a 4.6 dBi gain. The trapezoidal patch antenna design proposed in this paper has been built over a RT Duroid 5880 substrate and uses a coaxial feeding technique. The design offers a single band resonance at 3.64 GHz with a reflection coefficient of -22.5 dB and a peak gain of 4.7 dBi and is fit to serve the S band applications including the fixed satellite applications, mobile services and radio location. The use of coaxial feeding mechanism provides for flexibility in the choice of the feed location, easy fabricationand less spurious radiations [14]. The section 2 of the paper gives the description of the antenna design. The tabulated dimensions of the design have been added at the end of the section. In depth description of the parametric analysis and the results (reflection coefficient, bandwidth and radiation pattern) has been given in sections 3 and 4 respectively.2.Antenna DesignThe antennas that may be designed for different space applications are frequency dependent. Based on the intended application in the requisite band(s), the resonant frequency is chosen and other specifications are calculated using the design equations given in Table 1. Following this, the structure is designed and simulated using the simulation software. The structure is then fabricated and the parametric values of the fabricated prototype are validated over the measurement setup. The figure 2 depicts the methodology for the proposed work.Fig.2. Methodology [15]Table 1. Design EquationsFig.3. Coaxial feeding techniqueThe proposed design in Fig. 4 emphasizes mainly on the coaxial feeding and slotted patch techniques. Themetallic patch (purple) is supported by a grounded dielectric substrate. A reduction in the size of the patch (as stated in upcoming sections) has been achieved by incorporating pair of parallel slots [16].The trapezium shaped patch has been formed by subtracting triangles from the respective rectangles. An introduction of slots in the trapezoidal patch structure offers reduction of patch size. Also, a circular element has been added to the patch design. At first, the dimensions of the antenna have been specified using the following tabulated equations [17].Fig.4. Proposed DesignThe patch has been fed by a cylindrical probe that extends to it from the ground. The coaxial feeding technique that has been used employs an inner conductor extending through the dielectric and soldered to the radiating patch while the outer conductor remaining connected to the ground. It is mainly suited for substrates that are not thick.Table 2. Dimensions of Antenna (in mm)Dimension Value(mm)Length of substrate: Lss 53.1Width of substrate: Wss 32.7Length of outer side of outer patch1:48.4Lop1Width of outer side of outer patch:34Wop1Length of inner side of outer patch 2:34.8Lop29.9Width of inner side of outer patch2:Wop232.1Length of outer side of inner patch1:Lip120Width of outer side of inner patch1:Wip118.9Length of inner side of inner patch 2:Lip214Width of inner side of inner patch1:Wip2Length of outer parallel slot, Los .2Width of outer parallel slot, W 3Length of inner parallel slot, Lis 1.2Width of inner parallel slot, W 3Thickness of RT Duroid substrate, h0 .7Radius of the circular Patch element 2The design has been simulated over HFSS [18], fabricated and finally tested over Vector Network Analyzer [19]. The fabricated structure and the measurement setup have been shown in figures 5 and 6 respectively.Fig.5. Fabricated AntennaFig.6. Testing of Fabricated Antenna3.Parametric StudyOther than frequency, the performance of an antenna is largely influenced by several other parameters including the patch geometry. The changes made in the geometry of the patch are often reflected in the result parameters which may vary significantly. The effect on the performance of the antenna due to the variation of its different dimensions of the patch has been analyzed. The variations in the dimensions of parallel slots & spacing between inner & outer trapezoids have an impact on antenna characteristics.3.1.1. Effects due to Parallel SlotTo design an antenna of compact dimensions, the necessary size reduction has been achieved by introducing a pair of slots in antenna design. This has resulted in mild changes in the resonant frequency along with a nearly constant gain. As the length of the slot is increased, there is comparatively less variations in the gain. 3.1.2. Effects due to Change in spacing between the Inner and Outer Slot PairThe tabulated results indicate that the variations in the gain are small when the spacing between the inner and the outer trapezoids is increased at the left side.Table 3. Various Dimensions of Outer Parallel Slot WidthTable 4. Various Dimensions of Inner Parallel Slot WidthTable 5. At Left Side (Shifting Outer Trapezium Side)Table 6. At Left Side (Shifting Inner Trapezium Side)Table 7. At Right Side (Shifting Outer Trapezium Side)Table 8. At Left Side (Shifting Inner Trapezium Side)Table 9. Bottom (Shifting Inner Trapezium)Table 10. (Top Shifting Outer Trapezium)3.1.3 Effects due to Change in Radius of Circular ElementAn increase in the radius of the circular design element of patch produces less varied output as compared to decrease in its radius.Table 11. Effects of Change in Radius of Circular Element of Patch4.Results and DiscussionIn this section, the results have been discussed. The design simulations have been carried over HFSS. The reflection coefficient has been validated over VNA. The results have been shown in the figures 6, 7, 8 and 9. 4.1. Reflection Coefficient and BandwidthThe parametric analysis of the designed structure revealed that the best simulated results were obtained corresponding to the resonant frequency of 3.605 GHz. As seen in Fig. 7, the antenna resonates at a single frequency of 3.605 GHz with a reflection coefficient of -12.6 dB and a bandwidth [20] of 10 MHz ranging from 3.6016 GHz to 3.61078 GHz. The structure, thus, offers single band resonance and may be used for applications including the mobile services, fixed satellite and radiolocation services.During the fabrication, copper has been etched out of the circular element of the patch. This mismatch of the results is due to this fault in fabrication.Fig.7. Reflection Coefficient Versus Frequency Plot4.2. Radiation PatternThe fig. 8 shows the plot of the overall radiation pattern of the proposed antenna on a dB scale. The upper region of the polar plot has been considered as the radiations are mostly concentrated in this region. The maximum gain [21] (gain total) achieved at resonant frequency was 4.677dB.Fig.8. Gain Total plot of radiation pattern [21]Fig.9. Gain Theta plot of radiation patternFig.10. Gain Phi plot of radiation patternAlso, the gain theta plot indicates the gain in elevation plane for a fixed theta (Theta =0) to be 4.6572 dB and that in Azimuthal plane for a fixed phi (Phi=180) to be 4.6572 dB.A tabulated comparison of the proposed trapezoidal patch antenna with the other two reference antennas in terms of resonant frequency, gain and reflection coefficient has been shown below. Both the reference antennas (hexagonal and the flower shaped antenna) meant to serve the UWB applications have gains (0.8 dBi and 1.8 dBi) and reflection coefficients (-10.8 dB and -20 dB) that are less than that of the proposed structure that has a gain of 4.7 dB and a reflection coefficient of -22.5 dB. The proposed design is thus efficient in terms of gain and reflection coefficient for S- band space applications.Table 12. Comparison of the reference antennas and proposed antenna resultsGain (dBi) Reflection Coefficient (dB)Design ResonantFrequency(GHz)2.3 0.8 -10.8Reference antenna 1 (ProposedUWB Antenna with Hexagonshape)2.3 1.8 -20Reference antenna 2 (ProposedUWB Antenna with Flowershape)3.644.7 -22.5Proposed Trapezoidal PatchAntenna5.ConclusionsThe proposed antenna has been designed with a great focus over the S band applications. A coaxial feed and a thin RT Duroid 5880 substrate have been utilized. The required reduction in the patch size has been achieved by the incorporation of a pair of parallel slots in the design. The designed antenna achieved a reflection coefficient of -22.5 dB and a peak gain of 4.7 dBi at 3.64 GHz. The design is in particular beneficial to offer a significant frequency range so as to serve for the fixed satellite (space to earth) applications, mobile applications and radio location purpose.AcknowledgementThe authors express their sincere gratitude to Prof. Dr. S.S. Patnaik (currently the Vice Chancellor, Biju Patnaik University of Technology, Odisha) for his guidance throughout the work. His motivation is highly cherished and revered.References[1]Custódio Peixeiro,"Microstrip Antenna Papers in the IEEE Transactions on Antennas and PropagationEurAAP Corner]",Antennas and Propagation Magazine, 2012, Page(s):264- 268[2]Deepanshu Kaushal, T. Shanmuganantham, “Design of Compact Microstrip Apple Patch Antenna forSpace Applications”, IEEE Antennas and Propagation Symposium, December 15-17, 2016.[3]T. K. Roshna1, U. Deepak, V. R. Sajitha, and P. Mohanan, “An ACS- fed Compact Antenna for UWBApplications”, International Journal of Advances in Microwave Technology (IJAMT) Vol.1, No.1, May 2016.[4]Ashis Kumar Behera, Mayank Agarwal, Pradutt Kumar Bharti and Manoj Kumar Meshram,”A Hepta-Band Frequency Reconfigurable Antenna for Mobile Handsets with Impedance Matching Technique”, International Journal of Advances in Microwave Technology (IJAMT), Vol.1, No.1, May 2016.[5]Prateek Juyal, Lotfollah Shafai, “Gai n Enhancement in Circular Microstrip Antenna via linearsuperposition of higher Zeros”, IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters; Volume: PP, Issue:99.[6]R. K. Gupta and G. Kumar,” High-Gain Multilayered Antenna for Wireless Applications”,Microwaveand Optical Technology Letters, Vol. 50, No. 7, July 2008.[7]Deepanshu Kaushal, T. Shanmuganantham,”Danger Microstrip Patch Antenna for Fixed SatelliteApplications”, IEEE International Conference o n Emerging Trends in Technology, 2016.[8]M. T. Ali, T. A. Rah man, M. N. Md Tan, R. Sauleu, “A Planar Antenna Array with Separated Feed LineUsing Air Gap Technique”, Proceeding Progress in Electromagnetics Research Symposium.[9]Rachana Yadav, Sandeep Kumar Yadav and Indra Bhooshan Sharma,” Reconfigurable Single and Du alBand Microstrip Patch Antenna for Satellite communications”, 2015 International Conference on Green Computing and Internet of Things (ICGCIoT).[10]Shikha Sharma and Devendra Sombanshi,” Annular-Ring Slotted Microstrip Patch Antenna for ISM BandApplication s”, IEEE International Conference on Computer, Communication and Control (IC4-2015). [11]M. Karthick,”Design of 2.4GHz Patch Antennae for WLAN Applications”, 2015 IEEE Seventh NationalConference on Computing, Communication and Information Systems (NCCCIS).[12]Pr ateek Chopra and Megha Bhandari, “Design of an X-Band Conformal Antenna Using MicrostripPatches”, 2015 2nd International Conference on Signal Processing and Integrated Networks (SPIN). [13]Habiba Irshad, Dr. R. Gowri, ”Design of a Passive Integrated Antenna at 5.2 GHz.”, 2015 2ndInternational Conference on Signal Processing and Integrated Networks (SPIN).[14]Deepanshu Kaushal, T. Shanmuganantham, “Comparative Analysis of Microstrip Moody Patch Antennafor Space Applications”, IEEE International Conference on Ele ctromagnetic Interference and Compatibility, 2016.[15]Deepanshu Kaushal, T. Shanmuganantham, “Design of Multi Utility High Frequency Dual Band SlottedAndroid Logo Patch Antenna using Coaxial Feed” Antenna Test & Measurements Society, 2017.[16]Deepanshu Kaushal & T. Shanmuganantham, “Design and Optimization of microstrip patch antenna forspace applications”, IEEE International Conference on Emerging Trends in Technology-2016.[17]Sheikh Dobir Hossain, K.M. Abdus Sobahan, Md. Khalid Hossain, Md. Masud Ahamed Akash, RebekaSultana, Md. Masum Billah, “A Rectangular Microstrip Patch Antenna for Wireless Communications Operates in Dual Band”, International Journal of Wireless and Microwave Technologies (IJWMT), Vol. 6, Iss. 5, 2016.[18]Nitika Mittal, Rajesh Mittal, Ja swinder Kaur, “Performance Improvement of U-Slot Microstrip PatchAntenna for RF Portable Devices using Electromagnetic Band Gap and Defected Ground Structure”, International Journal of Wireless and Microwave Technologies (IJWMT), Vol. 6, Iss. 3, 2016.[19]Amandeep Kau r Sidhu and Jagtar Singh Sivia, “Microstrip Rectangular Patch Antenna for S and X BandApplications”, IEEE Wireless Communications”, Signal Processing and Networking (WiSPNET), 2016.[20]Deepanshu Kaushal, T. Shanmuganantham, “Butterfly Shaped Micros trip Patch Antenna with Probe Feedfor Space Applications”, International Journal of Computer Sciences and Information Security, Vol. 14, 2016.[21]Deepanshu Kaushal, T. Shanmuganantham, “Design of a Compact and Novel Microstrip Patch Antennafor Multiband Sat ellite Applications” International Conference on Smart Engineering Materials, 20-22 October, 2016.Authors’ ProfilesDeepanshu Kaushal completed his B. Tech. in Electronics & Communication fromPunjab Technical University in 2014. He is currently a IInd year M. Tech (E.C.E.) studentof Pondicherry University and is doing his project on ‘Microstrip Slotted Patch Antennas forMultiband Operation’ under the guidance of Dr. T. Shanmuganantham (Assistant Professor,Department of Electronics Engineering, Pondicherry University, Pondicherry). His area ofinterest includes Antennas, Fractals and Metamaterials. He has 19 conference papers and 9journals till date.Dr. T. Shanmuganantham was awarded B.E. degree in Electronics & CommunicationEngg from University of Madras in 1996, M.E. degree in Communication Systems fromMadurai Kamaraj University in 2000 and Ph.D. (Received Gold Medal) in the field ofAntennas from NIT (National Institute of Technology), Tiruchirappalli in 2010 under theguidance of Prof. S. Raghavan. He has 20 years of teaching experience in various reputedEngg colleges and currently he is working as Asst. Prof. in the Dept of Electronics Engg,School of Engg & Technology, Pondicherry Central University, Puducherry. His research area of interest includes MEMS/NEMS, Microwave/Millimetre-Wave Engineering, Antennas. He has published 300 research papers in various National and International Level Journals and Conferences. He has completed two sponsored projects. He has been elected as Fellow in Antenna Test and Measurement Society (ATMS) and a senior member in IEEE, Life Member in ISSS, IETE, IE (India), CSI (India), Society of ISTE, EMC, ILA, OSI and ISI. He is serving as office bearer for IEEE Circuits and Systems Society (India Chapter) and also he is Member of Board of Studies in Pondicherry University, University of Madras, and Annamalai University. His biography was incorporated in ‘Marquis who is who in the world’ USA in 2010.How to cite this paper:Deepanshu Kaushal, Shanmuganantham Thangavelu," Design of Microstrip Trapezoidal Patch Antenna Using Coaxial Feeding Technique for Space Applications", International Journal of Wireless and Microwave Technologies(IJWMT), Vol.7, No.6, pp.1-12, 2017.DOI: 10.5815/ijwmt.2017.06.01。

微带线天线馈电原理微带线天线馈电原理微带线天线（Microstrip antenna）是一种平板式天线，由于其结构简单、易于制造和调整等优点，在卫星通信、雷达测量等领域得到了广泛应用。

而微带线天线的馈电方式也是很重要的一部分，下面就简单介绍一下微带线天线馈电的原理。

一、微带线天线结构微带线天线由两个主要部分构成：天线贴片和微带线馈线。

天线贴片是由介电材料和金属构成的，其形状和尺寸会对天线的辐射特性产生非常大的影响。

通常情况下，天线贴片的形状是圆形、方形或矩形的。

介电材料通常是PTFE或FR-4等。

微带线馈线是从天线贴片到源或负载之间的导体。

它是由铜箔覆盖在介电基板上，并用印刷电路技术制造而成。

微带线馈线使用也会影响到天线的辐射特性，所以具体的天线设计需要考虑到天线贴片和微带线馈线之间的相互影响。

二、微带线天线的馈电原理通常情况下，微带线天线的馈电方式有两种，一种是通过COAX和微带线过渡来实现馈电的；一种是直接在贴片上开孔，将馈线与贴片相连。

微带线天线的馈电原理可以通过微波模型进行模拟和理解。

在微波模型中，天线贴片是电容，微带线馈线是电感，通过调节它们之间的物理尺寸和位置，可以得到天线的输入阻抗等有关参数。

对于微带线天线来说，其馈电原理主要基于其在等效电路中的表现，即通过开孔或者过渡来实现本质上的电容与电感耦合，从而将微带线的能量转化成为微带线天线所需的电场和磁场，并产生全向或定向的辐射。

三、微带线天线馈电方式的特点1. 传输效率高：与传统天线相比，微带线天线利用电阻较小的铜箔、介质成本较低、简单易制造的技术，使馈电方式更加可靠和传输效率高。

2. 空间利用率高：微带线天线可以利用介质板上的空间进行设计，减少空间占用，提高空间利用率。

3. 频带宽度较宽：微带线馈线传输的电场和磁场能够交错在介质板上，从而产生多种共振模式，实现频段宽带的涵盖，提高天线的频带宽度。

总之，微带线天线馈电方式是微带线天线的重要组成部分，其具有优秀的传输效率、高空间利用率和较宽的频带宽度，能够为无线通信、雷达测量等领域提供更好的通讯和测量技术支持。

《新型级联馈电微带天线设计及应用》篇一一、引言随着无线通信技术的飞速发展，天线作为无线通信系统中的重要组成部分，其性能的优劣直接影响到整个系统的性能。

微带天线因其体积小、重量轻、低剖面、易于集成等优点，在无线通信领域得到了广泛应用。

然而，传统的微带天线存在带宽窄、效率低等问题。

为了解决这些问题，新型级联馈电微带天线设计应运而生。

本文将介绍新型级联馈电微带天线的设计原理、方法及在实际应用中的效果。

二、新型级联馈电微带天线的设计原理及方法新型级联馈电微带天线的设计基于微带天线的基本原理，通过级联馈电的方式，提高天线的带宽和效率。

设计过程中，主要考虑以下几个方面：1. 天线结构的设计：根据实际需求，设计合理的天线结构，包括辐射贴片、介质基板和馈电网络等部分。

其中，辐射贴片采用适当的形状和尺寸，以提高天线的辐射性能。

2. 级联馈电方式的选择：级联馈电是一种通过多个馈电点将信号逐级传输到辐射贴片的方式。

在选择级联馈电方式时，需考虑天线的带宽、增益和辐射效率等因素。

3. 仿真与优化：利用电磁仿真软件对天线进行仿真分析，根据仿真结果对天线结构进行优化，以提高天线的性能。

三、新型级联馈电微带天线的应用新型级联馈电微带天线具有带宽宽、效率高、易于集成等优点，在无线通信领域得到了广泛应用。

以下是几个典型的应用场景：1. 移动通信：在4G、5G等移动通信系统中，新型级联馈电微带天线被广泛应用于基站和移动终端设备中，提高了通信系统的性能和可靠性。

2. 卫星通信：在卫星通信系统中，新型级联馈电微带天线可用于卫星天线阵列中，提高天线的增益和辐射效率，从而提高卫星通信系统的性能。

3. 雷达系统：在雷达系统中，新型级联馈电微带天线可用于提高雷达天线的增益和抗干扰能力，从而提高雷达系统的探测性能。

四、实验结果与分析为了验证新型级联馈电微带天线的性能，我们进行了实验测试和分析。

实验结果表明，新型级联馈电微带天线具有以下优点：1. 带宽宽：新型级联馈电微带天线的带宽比传统微带天线有明显提高，可适应不同频率的要求。

专利名称：一种宽带容性馈电小型化微带贴片天线专利类型：发明专利
发明人：袁洪,祁峥东,肖鸿
申请号：CN201510726323.3
申请日：20151029
公开号：CN105244614A
公开日：
20160113
专利内容由知识产权出版社提供
摘要：本发明公开了一种宽带容性馈电小型化微带贴片天线。

本发明将泡沫介质基板置于微带介质基板和接地板中间，增加介质基板厚度，同时降低等效介电常数，拓展天线的工作带宽；在辐射贴片一侧的边缘加载金属短路面，形成开路到短路的驻波结构，天线在与短路面垂直方向的长度为四分之一波长；通过在辐射贴片上开槽，弯曲天线贴片表面激励电流的路径，增加了天线贴片的有效长度，从而使谐振频率降低，实现天线在另一维尺寸的小型化；采用容性贴片耦合馈电，达到良好的阻抗匹配，从而降低天线的等效品质因素，实现天线工作带宽的增加。

本发明克服现有微带贴片天线在兼顾宽频带和小型化方面的不足，具有宽频带、低剖面、尺寸小、重量轻、易于加工的优点。

申请人：中国船舶重工集团公司第七二四研究所
地址：210003 江苏省南京市中山北路346号
国籍：CN
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---文档均为word文档，下载后可直接编辑使用亦可打印---摘要根据矩形贴片天线相关知识，设计出一款1×4的24GHz阵列贴片天线，此天线可以应用于交通测速以及汽车智能驾驶等方面。

首先是使用微带线馈电的方法建立单元贴片天线模型，进行优化仿真后得到最佳的单元贴片天线模型，然后在单元贴片天线的基础上，设计出合适的馈电馈电网络。

再通过仿真优化得到最佳的参数，从而设计出24GHz的阵列贴片天线。

并对天线设计进一步展望。

通过HFSS软件仿真设计，得到了一款1×4的阵列天线，回波损耗S11<-20dB,馈电点的输入阻抗值为50Ω，驻波比约为1.2，最大增益方向的增益为13.6dB，和之前所定的设计指标比较符合。

关键词：微带贴片天线；阵列天线；阻抗匹配; 方向图AbstractAccording to the knowledge of the rectangular patch antenna, a 1×4 24 GHz array patch antenna was designed. This antenna can be used in traffic speed measurement and intelligent driving of automobiles. The first is to use the method of microstrip line feeding to establish the unit patch antenna model, optimize the simulation to obtain the best unit patch antenna model, and then design a suitable feed power feed network based on the unit patch antenna. . Then the optimal parameters are obtained through simulation optimization to design a 24 GHz array patch antenna.Through the HFSS software simulation design, a 1×4 array antenna was obtained with a return loss S11<-20dB, a feed point input impedance of 50Ω, a standing wave ratio of approximately 1.2, and a maximum gain gain of 13.6dB. To meet the requirements of design indicators.Keywords: microstrip patch antenna; array antenna; Impedance matching;Direction pattern第1章绪论1.1论文的研究背景及意义毫米波（millimeter wave ）是波长为1～10毫米的电磁波，它的波长处于微波与远红外波相交叠的波长范围，所以同时具有两种波谱的特点。

泉州师范学院毕业论文（设计）题目一种新型微带贴片天线的优化设计物理信息工程学院电子信息科学与技术专业 07 级 1班学生姓名学号 070303041指导教师职称副教授完成日期 2011年4月教务处制一种新型微带贴片天线的优化设计物理信息工程学院电子信息科学与技术专业指导教师：副教授【摘要】：由于普通微带贴片天线效率低，为了提高贴片天线的效率，提出一种容易制作的新型微带贴片天线。

用HFSS 软件对它进行仿真，并对仿真的结果进行分析。

与普通贴片天线进行比较，该天线提高了增益、降低了天线回波损耗。

所提天线由于制作简单、性能优良，所以具有一定的实用价值。

【关键词】：微带贴片天线；HFSS；增益；回波损耗目录摘要 (1)0. 引言 (3)1. 微带天线的发展 ................................................................................................................... 错误!未定义书签。

(5)................................................................................................................................................... 错误!未定义书签。

(4) (4) (4) (4)2. HFSS仿真软件 (5)HFSS仿真软件基本功能 (5) (5)3. 方案设计 (6)4. 普通微带贴片天线设计过程 (6)5. 正方形环缝的微带贴片天线设计过程 (7)6. 圆形环缝的微带贴片天线设计过程 ................................................................................... 错误!未定义书签。

L型探针馈电宽频带微带贴片天线的设计
杨华
【期刊名称】《青岛远洋船员职业学院学报》
【年(卷),期】2008(029)004
【摘要】本文从传统的微带贴片天线出发,基于L型探针馈电方式,设计了一款适用于第二代、第三代移动通信系统的宽频带微带贴片天线,并利用Ansoft HFSS软件对其结构和性能进行了仿真分析.
【总页数】4页(P13-16)
【作者】杨华
【作者单位】大连海事大学,辽宁,大连,116026;青岛远洋船员学院,山东,青
岛,266071
【正文语种】中文
【中图分类】TP393
【相关文献】
1.L型探针馈电的微带天线的仿真研究与设计 [J], 王渊博;宋铮;吴伟
2.展宽贴片天线频带的L型馈电方法的设计与分析 [J], 罗志升;王黎;高晓蓉;王泽勇;赵全轲
3.一种高增益高极化隔离的宽频带L探针馈电E形微带天线 [J], 王玉峰;龚传;林鑫超
4.一种曲折L型探针馈电的双极化贴片天线端口隔离度研究 [J], 李磊
5.一种L型探针馈电的微带共形天线设计 [J], 彭煜;李萍;朱永忠;胡卫东;李鹤言
因版权原因，仅展示原文概要，查看原文内容请购买。

Science &Technology Vision 科技视界0引言共形天线作为机载天线的一种重要形式,必须具有体积小、剖面低、可探测性低、抗损伤性高等特点,因此能够用作共形天线的天线形式主要有各种微带和缝隙天线(也有其它形式但比较少)。

而缝隙天线主要是在平板、圆筒或圆柱等结构上直接开槽的一种天线形式,优点是结构简单,但同时也存在着频带窄,在大功率时容易击穿等缺点。

相比较起来则是微带天线作为共形天线更为常见。

微带天线是一种由薄介质基片,其上用金属沉积矩形、圆形或其他几何形状的辐射元,而背面贴以金属接地板的天线。

本文提出的L 型探针的馈电方式,使这种微带天线具有结构紧凑、剖面低、辐射效率高、易与载体共形等优点。

1设计原理1.1L 型馈电探针的原理该结构相当于空气介质基板的微带贴片天线。

天线辐射机理为[1]:L 型探针的垂直部分产生感抗,水平部分和贴片之间产生容抗,两者相消产生谐振,使天线呈现宽频带或者多频带。

通过与同轴电缆相连,L 型探针上将存在交变电场,电场方向为探针水平臂所指方向,交变电场将引起变化的磁场,磁场方向与电场方向垂直。

当磁力线垂直穿过贴片时,又将产生变化的电场。

这种变化的电磁场经过金属底板的反射后辐射出去。

1.2微带天线小型化的技术1.2.1辐射贴片开槽研究发现,对辐射贴片进行开槽,贴片表面电流的路径将发生弯曲,导致有效路径变长。

因此,在贴片几何尺寸保持不变的情况下,采用开槽贴片可以增大天线有效长度,降低天线的谐振频率,从而实现天线小型化。

不过,辐射贴片表面开槽也有相应的缺点。

天线表面开槽后会有垂直于主激发面电流的额外电流分布。

导致天线的辐射效率变差。

而且由于表面开槽使天线的辐射面积减小,从而导致天线的增益下降[2]1.2.2加载短路探针文献[3]介绍了改变短路探针的数量和短路探针之间相互的位置关系可以调整短路微带天线的谐振频率。

也就是说,在微带天线的辐射贴片和接地板之间可以加载几个短路探针,通过调整短路探针之间的位置关系,可以得到谐振频率的最小值,以此实现微带天线的小型化。

设计实验微带贴片天线的设计一、实验目的Fig. 1 微带贴片天线设计思路1、通过HFSS仿真设计微带贴片天线，具体参数要求如下：✓工作频率为2.6GHz，使用材料为FR4（相对介电常数ε=4.4），厚度为1.6mm的双面覆铜板；✓辐射贴片采用夹角为180°的扇形贴片，利用50Ω的微带线进行馈电，用1/4波导微带匹配段对天线进行阻抗匹配；✓要求天线的血站频率在2.55GHz~2.65GHz范围内，且仿真参数S11在谐振频率出小于-13dB。

2、天线设计思路参考Fig.1，仿真成功后做出实物板。

二、实验原理1、HFSS仿真设计流程：建立模型→设置边界和激励（包括金属板、介质板和空气盒子）→建立优化→设置求解条件，并执行仿真→生成结果。

2、利用APPCAD计算微带线参数：介质板厚度为1.6mm，FR4材料的相对介电常数ε=4.4，中心频率为2.6GHz，根据APCAD计算，如图Fig.2所示，为使微带线馈电电阻为50.04Ω，微带线宽度应为W3=3.06mm，并且1/4波导微带匹配段的长度应为L=15.65mm.Fig. 2 扇形贴片天线参数计算同时，金属板尺寸为100mm×75mm，可初步估计扇形半径R=33mm，馈线长度L3=5mm，匹配段宽度W=1mm。

根据以上参数可绘制如图Fig.3所示。

Fig. 3 扇形贴片天线参数和设计示意图3、制板流程：导出图形→打印胶片→PCB板打孔穿线→将胶片固定在PCB板上进行曝光→显影→刻蚀→用酒精除去感光膜→焊接→测试。

三、仿真过程与分析正面示意图背面示意图Fig. 4 微带贴片天线设计金属板示意图1、建立模型（Fig.4）。

打开HFSS，绘制介质板，第一个点（-10，0，0），第二个点相对坐标为（100，75，-1.6），建立尺寸为100mm×75mm×1.6mm的长方体。

●绘制正面图形：绘制馈线：第一个点（38.475，0，0），第二个点相对坐标（3.06，5，0），建立3.06mm×5mm的矩形馈线。

现代电子技术Modern Electronics Technique2023年6月1日第46卷第11期Jun.2023Vol.46No.110引言用于60GHz 通信的频段自由空间损耗达到15dB/km ，而且该频段内的介质损耗、表面波损耗、辐射损耗十分严重。

如何设计出具有高增益、宽频带、高效率的天线一直是科研工作者面临的难题[1]。

近年来人们提出不同类型的毫米波天线[2⁃6]，以上天线的增益受到馈电网络的影响。

微带线组成的馈电网络剖面低、结构简单，已经广泛地应用在微波的低频段，但是微带线的传输损耗随着频率的增加而增加，而且微带线自身的不良辐射也会降低天线在毫米波波段的性能。

与微带线相比，波导结构组成的馈电网络具有较低的传输损耗，但制造成本高、体积笨重、难以集成等特点不利于大规模的生产。

基片集成波导（Substrate Integrated Waveguide,SIW ）具有平面结构、制造成本低、易于集成、低损耗等优点，因此受到广泛的关注。

文献[7⁃9]提出了基于SIW 单层缝隙天线，从一端通过共面的馈电网络馈电，这样就增加了天线的面积，而且馈电网络产生的不良辐射会使天线的旁瓣电平恶化，馈电网络传输损耗较大导致增益降低。

低温共烧陶瓷技术广泛地应用在毫米波天线中，文献[10⁃13]设计了采用低温共烧陶瓷技术的毫米波天线，并且具有良好的性能，但是与多层PCB 制造技术相比，工艺复杂、昂贵、材料损耗大，导致辐射效率低。

本文设计了一种60GHz SIW 缝隙耦合馈电微带贴片天线，天线采用双层基片结构，底层为通过矩形缝隙耦合馈电的SIW 结构，顶层为圆形与圆环贴片结合形成的辐射贴片。

这种双层的天线可以采用低成本多层PCB 工艺制造。

通过优化圆环与圆形贴片的尺寸形成两个频率接近的谐振点，通过优化馈电缝隙长度和宽度增加天线的阻抗带宽。

在实际测试过程中设计了天线到传统矩形波导的转接口，并且进行了实际的加工与测试。

(10)申请公布号 CN 102509868 A(43)申请公布日 2012.06.20C N 102509868 A*CN102509868A*(21)申请号 201110367153.6(22)申请日 2011.11.18H01Q 1/36(2006.01)H01Q 1/38(2006.01)H01Q 1/48(2006.01)(71)申请人电子科技大学地址610054 四川省成都市建设北路二段四号(72)发明人张晓霞 文玥 熊煜 崔德勇钱硕(54)发明名称基于微带馈电的改进型椭圆贴片超宽带天线的设计方法(57)摘要基于微带馈电的改进型椭圆贴片超宽带天线的设计方法，属于无线通信技术领域，涉及超宽带平面天线技术和微波技术。

通过对矩形微带贴片天线电流强度分布的状况改进，设计了一种特殊贴片形状天线结构，这种形状是椭圆形与圆形相交割的部分，并且通过改变椭圆形长短半轴以及圆形半径等一系列参数来设计，设计结果可以达到美国联邦通信委员会(FCC)制定的超宽带频段范围3.1GHz ～10.6GHz ，天线的回波损耗小于2并且天线具有全向性。

(51)Int.Cl.权利要求书1页 说明书3页 附图1页(19)中华人民共和国国家知识产权局(12)发明专利申请权利要求书 1 页 说明书 3 页 附图 1 页1/1页1.基于微带馈电的改进型椭圆贴片超宽带天线的设计方法，包括辐射贴片的结构，微带馈电的结构，接地板的结构，其特征在于满足超宽带标准要求，微带馈电与负载相匹配和天线辐射的全向性。

2.根据权利要求1所述的基于微带馈电的改进型椭圆贴片超宽带天线的设计方法，其特征在于辐射贴片的结构满足超宽带标准要求。

3.根据权利要求1所述的基于微带馈电的改进型椭圆贴片超宽带天线的设计方法，其特征在于微带馈电的结构满足特征阻抗为50Ω。

4.根据权利要求1所述的基于微带馈电的改进型椭圆贴片超宽带天线的设计方法，其特征在于接地板的结构满足天线辐射的全向性。