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Part 11. Our host entertained us with many interesting stories of adventure, he had beena member of an exploration team working in the Arctic.Our host entertained us with many interesting stories of adventure, who had beena member of an exploration team working in the Arctic.2. When I woke up I saw him asleep in bed, I had not heard him when he came back. Because I had been sleeping soundly.When I woke up I saw him asleep in bed, I did not hear him when he came back. BecauseI had been sleeping soundly.3. Liu always did his work a little better than his fellow workers, that was why he got higher pay than others.Liu always did his work a little better than his fellow workers, which was why he got higher pay than others.4. No student could answer that question, even Xiao Yao, who was usually quick in answering questions, was silent.No student could answer that question, even Xiao Yao who was usually quick in answering questions was silent.5. Lin looks like Li, however, they are not related.Lin looks like Li, but they are not related.6. The old man hunched forward. His head tilted at an angle. His eyes half closed, looking very sleepy.The old man hunched forward. His head tilted at an angle. His eyes half closed, looks very sleepy.7. The work was well planned, everybody worked with great enthusiasm, thus, they over fulfilled their quota.The work was well planned, everybody worked with great enthusiasm, so they over fulfilled their quota.8. Mark Twain, a well-known American writer, whose experience as a pilot on a steamboat was no doubt an important factor that helped him to become a famous writer. Mark Twain is a well-known American writer, whose experience as a pilot on a steamboat was no doubt an important factor that helped him to become a famous writer.Part21. Xu comes from a working-class family. He enrolled in college last fall.Xu who comes from a working-class family enrolled in college last fall.2. The dean issued a bulletin. It said the library would remain open on weekends. The dean issued a bulletinwhich said the library would remain open on weekends.3. Last night was a windy night. The thunder roared. The wind blew a gale. The rain fell in torrents.Last night was a windy night, the thunder roaring, the wind blowing a gale. the rain falling in torrents.4. There are icicles on the trees. The temperature must have fallen considerably during the night.The temperature must have fallen considerably during the night for there are icicles on the trees.5. He returned to his hometown. He had been away for twelve years. He looked in vain for the familiar landmarks.After he had been away for twelve years, he returned to his hometown, looking in vain for the familiar landmarks.6. We have made some progress. We still have a long way to go.Although we have made some progress, we still have a long way to go.7. The sky was cloudless. The sun was shining brightly.The sky was cloudless and the sun was shining brightly.8. There were over two hundred passengers on board the plane. About one third ofthem were foreigners.There were over two hundred passengers on board the plane, about one third of whom were foreigners.9. The girl began to learn to play the piano when she was a child. Her mother wasa famous pianist.The girl whose mother was a famous pianist began to learn to play the piano when she was a child.10. Napoleon was born in 1769. At that time Corsica had just been acquired by France. Napoleon was born in 1769 when Corsica had just been acquired by France.11. She appeared on the stage. A stormy applause broke forth.When she appeared on the stage, a stormy applause broke forth.12. The gypsies are really a nomadic people from India. They migrated into Europe. Once they were thought to be Egyptians.The gypsies once who were thought to be Egyptians are really a nomadic people from India. They migrated into Europe. .13. The new workers are young and inexperienced. They are eager to learn from the veteran workers.The new workers are young and inexperienced so they are eager to learn from the veteran workers.14. It was a poor quarter. There were a lot of small huts. They had mud walls and straw roofs. They dotted a hillside.It was a poor quarter. There were a lot of small huts which had mud walls and straw roofs, dotting a hillside.15. He heard that his father was ill. He was anxious to go home to see him. He went to the station early in the morning to buy a ticket.He heard that his father was ill. He was anxious to go home to see him so he went to the station early in the morning to buy a ticket.Part31. She began to speak very fast at the meeting at ten o’clock.She spoke very fast at the 10 o’clock meeting.2. Bernard Shaw was one of the best-known playwrights.… of Britain in the 19-20th centuries.3. The houses were mere shanties, and rags were stuffed in the cracks and holes.… were mere shanties, with rags stuffed in the cracks and holes.4. I read the novel on the train, which did not interest me at all.On the train I read the novel which did not interest me at all.5. A Well-dressed man admitted us to the house, and we later learned that he wasa thief.We were admitted to the house by a well-dressed man, who was a thief as we learned later.6. I lost some important documents and found them three days later. The police had helped me.… and/but found them three days later with the help of the police.7. We entered the shop, and a saleswoman greeted us, and all kinds of shoes were on the shelves, and the prices were quite reasonable, and a lot of customers were buying them.A saleswoman greeted us as we entered the shop. On the shelves were all kinds of shoes at quite reasonable prices, attracting a lot of customers/buyers.8. Tell Helen, if she is at home, I will come to see her.Tell Helen I will come to see her when she is in.9. Listening attentively, a faulty sound was heard.Listening attentively, I heard a faulty sound.10. On entering the room, no one was seen.On entering the room, I saw no one.11. Fred is energetic, capable, and a man you can rely on.Fred is energetic, capable, and reliable.12. The children promised to be careful and that they would return home early.…promised they would be careful and return home early.13. Dickens’s novels offer no solution to the social injustices he ex poses in them. Dickens offers no solution to the social injustices in his novels.14. My watch is either fast or yours is slow.Either my watch is fast or yours is slow.15. Glancing out of the window, a beautiful view attracted my attention.…, I was attr acted by a beautiful view.16. He nearly finished reading ten books during the vacation.He finished reading nearly 10 books in the vacation.17. If interested in painting, a course can be taken at the evening school.…, you can take…18. She said that she would come if she could, but not to wait for her.…, but we need not wait for her.19. To tell my friend the good news the letter was posted at once.… the good news I posted the letter at once.20. I will go to the lecture, for I like his poems.…, for I like the poems by the speaker.Part41. In the year 1840 the Opium War broke out.In 1840 the Opium War broke out.2. There are more books in their library than in our library.Their library has moor books than ours.3. He returned back home after he graduated from college.He returned home after graduation from college.4. We planned to meet just before sunrise very early in the morning.We planned to meet just before sunrise.5. The cause of the flood was due to the heavy rain in late spring.The cause of the flood was the heavy rain in later spring.6. He was asked to repeat the sentence again.He was asked to repeat the sentence.7. I play badminton equally as well as my brother.I play badminton as well as my brother.8. It seemed to his friends that his attitude was of a puzzling nature.… that his attitude was puzzling.9. These watermelons are large in size and sweet in taste.… are large and sweet.10. He did not tell the truth with an honest attitude.He did not tell the truth.11. There are a number of students who want to join the drama club.A number of students want to join the drama club.12. He was kind enough to let me share the same umbrella with him.He was so kind as to let me share his umbrella.13. Zhao was the person who was elected the representative of the class by the whole class.Zhao was elected the representative of the class.14. At the present time I am taking the course of World History and in addition a course in geography too.At present I am taking the course of World History and a course in geography. 15. The plane circled around the airport for about ten minutes or so and thendisappeared and could no longer be seen.After circling the airport for about 10 minutes, the plane disappeared.16. What I am trying to say is that in my opinion he has not done his work very well and it needs improving.What I am trying to say is that he has not done his work well.17. I would like you to consider the question of whether or not you will let our journal publish your recent article on women scientists in China.I would like you to consider whether our journal could publish you article on women scientists in China.18. Owing to the fact that he had missed many lectures, he was aware that it would be possible for him to fail the exam.Sin ce he had …, he was ware of the possibility of his failing the exam.19. You must first work out an outline for your paper, and then after you have done that, you need to collect all kinds of material to support your point of view. You must work out an outline first, then collect enough materials to support your point.20. In that country violent death has become a commonplace thing, a thing that occurs every day.In that country violent death has become a commonplace thing.21. He is not only a good pianist, but also a good singer as well.He is not only a good pianist, but also a good singer.22. This pretty actress keeps appearing in TV serials repeatedly.This pretty actress keeps appearing in TV serials.23. As a rule, students are usually not allowed to take books out of this reading room.Students are usually not allowed to take the books out of this reading room. 24. According to the speaker, it is obvious that the responsibility system has helpedto increase production and he has no doubt about it.According to the speaker, it is obvious that the responsibility system has helped to increase production.25. One reason why people are well informed in this country is because of the fact that there are many newspapers which can easily be bought or subscribed to.One of the reasons why people in this county are well informed is that there are many newspapers easily available.26. Statistics show that in the decade from 1980 to 1990 enrollments at this school doubled: in 1990 there were twice as many students as in 1980.Statistics show that from 1980 to 1990 enrollments at this school doubled.27. There are so many inexperienced unskilled workers without training in a particular job that production of the factory has been affected.So many workers are unskilled that the production has been affected.28. There are about 50 patients or so in this ward, among whom many are being given acupuncture treatment.Many of the 50 patients in this ward are treated by acupuncture / are taking acupuncture treatment.29. His name is called James Williams.His name is … / He is … / This is …30. Whatever he does, he works seriously with great care, and does his best so as to do it well.Whatever he does, he does his best.。
◆命题作文<社会热点类>题1 [四川师范大学2015研]In September 2014, the Chinese e-commerce giant Alibaba’s flotation in the US has caused a stir in the work. Undoubtedly, Ma Yun becomes the center of attention in public again. What do you know about Ma Yun and what inspiration you’ve gained from his life ex perience and success? Write an essay of about 400 words on the topic. You should supply an appropriate title for your essay.【参考范文】The Unstoppable Power of PersistenceIn last September, Alibaba, a counterpart to eBay or Amazon in China, floated on the stock market with a value of £140 billion approximately. With such a record-breaking IPO, Ma Yun, the founder of this prosperous company, has become the centre of public discussion again. From my perspective, it is his persistence in chasing his dreams that impresses me most.Throughout his life, Ma Yun himself admitted that he had experienced rejections for many times, including less good performance in entry exams for colleges in China, setbacks in finding a job and so on. However, being clearly aware of his strengths and weaknesses, he chose to sharpen his proficiency in English. Inspite of the limited resources and less ideal environment for learning English, he managed to practice his oral English as well as broaden his horizons by giving foreign tourists free guide every morning in his hometown Hangzhou. And this experience lasting for nine years proved to be conducive to both the improvement in his languages abilities and the formation of a brand new world view.While working as a translator for a US trading company, Ma Yun decided to start his own online business in China, aiming to build a large Internet market to connect consumers and companies from different regions or countries. And that is how Alibaba began. At the beginning, there were only fifteen employees in 1999. But by now, this Chinese e-commerce giant has, according to Ma Yun, directly or indirectly created 40 million jobs in China. And its founder plans to expand market abroad. Nevertheless, the transformation from a startup to a listed company with the largest initial public offering in history, did not proceed smoothly. If he had not manages to attracted investment in 2000, Alibaba could have failed like many other Internet companies did at that time. What’s more, rumors or doubts have never completely disappeared, whether it was at the early stage or at the prosperous period of Alibaba. As for Ma Yun, scarcely does he allow these noises to overwhelm his inner voices. It’s his persistence and commitment that make his dreams come true in the end.To sum up, just as the old saying goes, constant dropping wears the stone. As long as we pursuit our dreams like what Ma Yun does, nothing could stop us from realizing them, since persistence not only gives us the hope to hold on to ourdreams, but also enables us to fight against obstacles all along.【范文点评】题目要求围绕阿里巴巴在美国成功上市这一事件，谈谈作为中国互联网巨头传奇人物马云，他的经历给了你怎样的启发，撰写一篇约400词左右的文章。
A N S WE R K EYPart Four: Handbook of Sentence Skills23 Subjects and V erbsActivity, 4021. The ripening tomatoes glistened on the sunny windowsill.2. Acupuncture reduces the pain of my headaches.3. Elena twisted a strand of hair around her fingers.4. My brother built his bookshelves from cinder blocks and planks of wood.5. A jackrabbit bounds up to fifteen feet in one leap.6. The singer‘s diamond earrings sparkled in the spotlight.7. My roommate dries her nylons over the lampshade in her bedroom.8. On St. Patrick‘s Day, our neighborhood tavern serves green beer.9. My six-year-old brother survives on a diet of peanut butter and jelly.10. During my parents‘ divorce, I felt like a rag doll being torn between two people.Activity, 4041. A thick layer of dust covers the top of our refrigerator .2. In June, sagging Christmas decorations were still hanging in the windows of the abandoned house.3. The people in the all-night coffee shop seemed weary and lost.4. Every plant in the dim room bent toward the small window.5. A glaring headline about the conviction of a local congressman attracted my attention.6. Two of the biggest stores in the mall are going out of business.7. The modem‘s tiny red lights suddenly started to flicker.8. A neighbor of mine does all her work at home and E-mails it to the office.9. The jar of peppercorns tumbled from the spice shelf and shattered on the floor.10. The scar in the hollow of Brian‘s throat is the result of an emergency operation to clear his windpipe. Review Test, 4051. With one graceful motion, the shortstop fielded the grounder and threw to first base.2. Like human mothers, sheep and goat mothers develop close bonds with their babies.3. Before class, Antoinetta and Jorge rushed to the coffee machine in the hall.4. I shifted uncomfortably on the lumpy mattress before falling into a restless sleep.5. Waiting in the long ticket line, Matt shifted his weight from one foot to the other.6. Ancient Egyptians were brandingcattle more than four thousand years ago.7. Lilacs and honeysuckle perfume our yard on summer nights.8. The driver abruptly halted her Jeep and backed up toward a narrow parking place.9. During the American Revolution, some brides rejected white wedding gowns and wore red as a symbolof rebellion.10. The little girl‘s frantic family called a psychic to locate the child.24 FragmentsNote: For each item the fragment, or that part of the original fragment not changed during correction, is underlined.Activity 1 (Dependent–Word Fragments), 408–409Answers will vary.Activity 2 (Dependent-Word Fragments), 409–4101. Whenever I spray deodorant, my cat arches her back.2. We had a great time playing football in the house until he came home for the weekend.3. If Kim takes too long saying good-bye to her boyfriend, her father will start flicking the porch light.4. Scientists are studying mummified remains that are thousands of years old.5. Before I turn on the microwave oven, I have to turn off the overhead light in the kitchen.Activity 1 (-ing Fragments), 4111. Marble-sized hailstones fell from the sky, flattening the young plants in the cornfield.2. They came to a stop at my house.3. The reason for this is that I am partially deaf.Activity 2 (-ing and to Fragments), 412Answers may vary.1. Looking at the worm on the table, Shelby groaned.2. I put a box of baking soda in the freezer to get rid of the musty smell.3. Staring at the clock on the far wall, I nervously began my speech.4. Fantasizing about the upcoming weekend, Jerome sat quietly at his desk.5. To get to the bus station from here, you have to walk two blocks out of your way.Activity 1 (Added-Detail Fragments), 413–4141. For example, he sees the new movies first.2. And his fingertips are always black, like ink pads.3. Electronic devices, such as video cameras and cell phones, keep getting smaller.Activity 2 (Added-Detail Fragments), 414Methods of correction may vary.1. Left-handed students face problems. For example, they must sit at right-handed desks.2. Mrs. Fields always wears her lucky clothes, such as a blouse printed with four-leaf clovers, to bingo.3. Hundreds of moths were swarming around the stadium lights like large flecks of snow.4. For instance, he buys and sells comic books and movie posters.5. I wonder now why I had to learn certain subjects, such as geometry.Activity (Missing-Subject Fragments), 415–416Answers may vary.1. Then she does fifty sit-ups.2. I like all kinds of pizza but refuse to eat frozen pizza.3. They break out in hives when they eat it, andthey can even have trouble breathing.4. To distract me, the dentist tugged at a corner of my mouth. Thenhe jabbed a needle into my gums andinjected a painkiller.5. Last semester, I took six courses and worked part-time in a discount drugstore.Review Test 1, 4171. C 5. C 9. C13. C 17. C2. F 6. F 10. C14 F 18. C3. F 7. F 11. F15. C 19. F4. C 8. C 12. C16. F 20. CCorrections (methods of correction may vary):2. I‘m starting to think there is no safe place left to ride a bicycle.3. When I try to ride in the highway, in order to go to school, I feel like a rabbit being pursued bypredators.6. Drivers whip past me at high speeds and try to see how close they can get to my bike without actuallykilling me.7. When they pull onto the shoulder of the road or make a right turn, drivers completely ignore my vehicle.11. Regardless of an approaching bike rider, street-side car doors will unexpectedly open.14. Frustrated drivers who are stuck in traffic will make nasty comments or shout out obscene propositions. 16. While jaywalking across the street, the pedestrian will treat me, a law-abiding bicyclist, to a witheringlook of disdain.19. Pedestrians may even cross my path deliberately, as if to prove their higher position in the pecking orderof the city streets.Review Test 2, 4181. We both began to tire as we passed the halfway mark in the race. But whenever I‘d hear Reggie‘sfootsteps behind me, I would pump my legs a little faster.2. I have a few phobias, such as fear of heights and fear of dogs. My ultimate nightmare is to be trapped ina hot-air balloon with three German shepherds.3. Punching all the buttons on the radio in sequence, Phil kept looking for a good song. He was in themood to cruise down the highway and sing at the top of his voice.4. My children joke that we celebrate ―Hanumas‖ with our Jewish neighbors. We share Hanukkah andChristmas activities, including making potato pancakes at their house and decorating our tree.5. I noticed two cartons of cigarettes sticking up out of my neighbor‘s trash bag. I realized that he hadmade up his mind to give up smoking for the fifth time this year.6. I‘ve decided to leave home and rent an apartment with my best friend. By being away from home andon my own, I will get along better with my parents.7. The alley behind our house was flat except for a wide groove in the center. We used to sail paper boatsdown the groove whenever it rained hard enough to create a ―river‖ there.8. Don passed the computer school‘s aptitude test, which qualifies him for nine months of training. Donkidded that anyone could be accepted if he or she had $4000.Review Test 3, 419Answers will vary.25 Run-OnsActivity (Period and a Capital Letter), 422–4231. job. They 6. words. He2. wills. She 7. scissors. T hen3. dressing. She 8. roof. Their4. water. They 9. work. Every5. environment. They 10. movies. IActivity 1 (Comma and a Joining Word), 4241. but 6. so2. and 7. but3. so 8. and4. for 9. for5. but 10. so or andActivity 2 (Comma and a Joining Word), 424–425Answers will vary.Activity 3 (Period and a Capital Letter or Comma and a Joining Word), 425–426Corrections may vary.1. refrigerator, and then 6. stiff, but soaking2. environment. They 7. work. Some3. heat, so I 8. house. Now4. Russia. We 9. Correct5. T-shirts. The 10. city. We Activity (Semicolon), 4271. plates; they 6. house; they2. week; now 7. window; Joey3. immense; it‘s 8. microscope; he4. bacon; her 9. street; the5. covers; she 10. fist; later Activity (Semicolon with a Transitional Word), 4291. ; as a result, (or thus, consequently, or therefore)2. ; however, (or on the other hand)3. ; otherwise,4. ; meanwhile,5. ; nevertheless, (or however)Review Test 1, 430–431Corrections may vary.1. break, but 6. victims, so2. drivers. When 7. marriage. Five3. tray. Then 8. health, so4. bare, and they 9. schoolwork. The5. corner. A10. CorrectReview Test 2, 431–4321. days. Its Or: days, and its Or: days; its2. heels. Then Or: heels, and then Or: heels; then3. diner. A Or: diner, and a Or: diner; a4. occult. It Or: occult, for it Or: occult; it5. parents. This Or: parents, for this Or: parents; this6. intersection. Rusty Or: intersection, but rusty Or: intersection; rusty7. deafness. He Or: deafness, so he Or: deafness; he8. far. Larger Or: far, so larger Or: far; larger9. common. No Or: common, for no Or: common; no10. soda. It Or: soda, but it Or: soda; itReview Test 3, 432Corrections may vary.coming, so theyrelax. Thenbathroom; shedoor. Itcoffee, but IReview Test 4, 432Answers will vary.26Regular and Irregular V erbsActivity (Present Tense Endings), 434 Activity (Past Tense Endings), 4351. wakes 1. caved2. clowns 2. complained3. watches 3. realized4. wants 4. burned5. works 5. edged Activity (Irregular V erbs), 4381. chose chosen 6. rung rang2. begun began 7. forgot forgotten3. drunk drank 8. went gone4. breaked broke 9. throwed thrown5. shrunkshrank 10. blowed blew Activity (Nonstandard Forms of Irregular V erbs), 4401. be is 6. were was2. have has 7. was were3. were was 8. was were4. have had 9. done did5. was were 10. do does Review Test 1, 4411. walk walked 6. doesn‘t don‘t2. stole stolen 7. begun began3. choose chose 8. check checked4. tore torn 9. has have5. has have 10. sticked stuck Review Test 2, 441Answers will vary.27 Subject-V erb AgreementActivity (Words Between Subject and V erb), 442–4431. Some members of the parents‘ association want to ban certain books from the school library.2. Chung‘s trench coat, with its big lapels and shoulder flaps, makes him feel like a tough private eye.3. Misconceptions about apes like the gorilla haveturned a relatively peaceful animal into a terrifyingmonster.4. The rising cost of necessities like food and shelter forces many elderly people to live in poverty.5. In my opinion, a few slices of pepperoni pizza make a great evening.Activity (V erb Before Subject), 443 Activity (Compound Subjects), 4561. are 1. sit2. are 2. cover3. do 3. knows4. were 4. were5. was 5. smellActivity (Indefinite Pronouns), 4451. suits 3. are 5. falls2. mentions 4. entersReview Test 1, 445–4461. are 6. damages2. was 7. was3. seem 8. makes4. are 9. clean5. contains 10. isReview Test 2, 446is are 1. Martha and her motherlook looks 2. Neitherwas were 3. Three goats, a potbellied pig, and a ducklooks look 4. ballsis are 5. low-calorie cola and the double-chocolate cakeinterfere interferes 6. odorare is 7. Oneis are 8. gum and some tapebegin begins 9. manhave has 10. EachReview Test 3, 447Answers will vary. Subjects for sentences 1, 2, 3 and 4 are underlined below.1. The magazines under my roommate‘s bed . . .2. The car with the purple fenders . . .3. My boss and her secretary . . .4. Neither of the football players . . .28 Additional Information About V erbsActivity (V erb Tense), 449 Activity (Helping V erbs), 450 Activity (V erbals), 451Answers will vary. Answers will vary. Answers will vary.29 Pronoun Agreement and ReferenceActivity (Pronoun Agreement), 453 Activity (Indefinite Pronouns), 4541. they 1. her2. them 2. he3. they 3. its4. their 4. his or her5. it 5. him Activity (Pronoun Reference), 455–456The rewritten part of each sentence is underlined. Corrections may vary slightly.1. Dad spent all morning bird-watching but didn‘t see a single bird.2. At the fast-food restaurant, the counterpeoplegive you free glasses with your soft drinks.3. Ruth told Annette, ―My bouts of depression are becoming serious.‖ Or:Ruth told Annette, ―Y our boutsof depression are becoming serious.‖4. Dipping her spoon into the pot of simmering spaghetti sauce, Helen felt the spoon slip out of her hand.5. Pete visited the tutoring center because its staff can help him with his economics course.Review Test 1, 4561. her2. the shop employees3 his4. the subject5. he or sheReview Test 2, 456–4571. their his or her b.2. they the players a.3. he they b.4. their her b.5. they the owners a.30 Pronoun TypesActivity (Subject and Object Pronouns), 460–4612. S he3. S she4. S they5. S We6. S She7. S he8. O me9. O them10. O meActivity (Possessive Pronouns), 461–4621. its2. theirs3. hers4. ours5. yoursActivity (Demonstrative Pronouns), 4621. This here This2. them those3. them those4. that there that5. them thoseReview Test, 4631. them 6. me2. Those 7. I3. me 8. This4. theirs 9. hers5. her 10. I31 Adjectives and AdverbsActivity (Adjectives), 4661. best2. youngest3. worse4. most unusual5. leastActivity (Adverbs), 4671. rapidly2. thick3. continuously4. carefully5. heavyActivity (Well and Good), 4671. good2. well3. well4. good5. wellReview Test 1, 4681. less 6. truthful2. worse 7. suddenly3. quickly 8. thinner4. confidently 9. good5. well 10. warmestReview Test 2, 468Answers will vary.32 Misplaced ModifiersActivity, 469–470Note: The underlined part in each of the corrections below shows what had been a misplaced modifier.1. The patient on the psychiatrist‘s couch talked about his childhood.Or: On the psychiatrist‘s couch, the patient talked about his childhood.2. With swiveling heads, the crowd watched the tennis players.3. V onnie put four hamburger patties, which she was cooking for dinner, on the counter.4. Steve carefully hung in the bedroom closet the new suit that he would wear to his first job interview.5 Anne ripped on a car door the shirt that she made in sewing class.Or: Anne ripped the shirt that she made in sewing class on a car door.6. The latest Tom Hanks movie has opened in almost 2,200 theaters across the country.7. Wearing a bulletproof vest, the newscaster spoke softly into a microphone.Or: The newscaster, wearing a bulletproof vest,spoke softly into a microphone.8. Owing two months‘ re nt, the tenants left town in a dilapidated old car.Or: The tenants, owing two months‘ rent, left town in a dilapidated old car.Or: The tenants who owed two months‘ rent left town in a dilapidated old car.9. The woman with arthritis picked up a heavy frying pan.10. In the greenhouse, I discovered an unusual plant that oozed a milky juice.Review Test 1, 470–4711. MM 6. C2. C 7. C3. C 8. MM4. MM 9. MM5. MM 10. CReview Test 2, 471Note: The underlined part in each of the corrections below shows what had been a misplaced modifier.1. Henry Wadsworth Longfellow wrote in a poem that rainbows are flowers that have died and gone toheaven.Or: In a poem, Henry Wadsworth Longfellow wrote that rainbows are flowers that have died and gone to heaven.2. I filled almost an entire notebook with biology lab drawings.3. With envious eyes, the apprentice watched the master carpenter expertly fit the door.4. The photographer pointed the camera equipped with a special night-vision scope at the shy deer.Or:The photographer pointed at the shy deer the camera equipped with a special night-vision scope. 5. With tired faces, the people on the bus stared at the ceiling or read newspapers.33 Dangling ModifiersActivity, 473–4741. The audience cheered wildly as the elephants, dancing on their hind legs, paraded by.Or:The audience cheered wildly as the elephants paraded by, dancing on their hind legs.2. The police spokesperson said the suspect, last seen wearing dark glasses and a blond wig, was stillbeing sought.3. As I was pouring out the cereal, a coupon fell into my bowl of milk.4. I knew the limousine, which was escorted by dozens of police motorcycles, carried someone important.Or: Because it was escorted by dozens of police motorcycles, I knew the limousine carried someone important.5. Tired and exasperated, we had a fight that was inevitable.Or: Because we were tired and exasperated, the fight we had was inevitable.6. Fran had difficulty removing the anchovies, which were packed tightly in a tiny can.7. Raquel finally found her sneakers, which had been kicked carelessly under the bed.8. As I worked at the Xerox machine, the morning dragged on.9. While we were sitting at a sidewalk café, all sorts of interesting people passed by.10. Though they were somewhat warped, Uncle Zeke played his records from the forties.Or:Uncle Zeke played his somewhat warped records from the forties.Review Test 1, 474–4751. DM 6. C2. C 7. C3. C 8. DM4. DM 9. DM5. DM 10. CReview Test 2, 4751. Because I hadn‘t had much sleep, my concentration during class was weak.Or:Not having had much sleep, I couldn‘t concentrate very well during class.2. A team of surgeons successfully separated the Siamese twins, who were joined at the hip.3. While I was wading in the shallow surf, a baby shark brushed past my leg.4. While being restrained by federal marshals, the kidnapper was sentenced by the judge.Or: The judge sentenced the kidnapper, who was being restrained by federal marshals.5. Beth was in a sentimental frame of mind, so the music brought tears to her eyes.Review Test 3, 476Answers will vary.34 Manuscript FormActivity, 478(Order of answers may vary.)2. Right-hand margins should not be crowded.3. Title should not be put in quotation marks or underlined.4. ―Alone‖ should be capitalized in the title.5. A line should be skipped between the title and the first line of text.6. Paragraphs should be indented.7. The first sentence of the paper must stand independent of the title. (In the student paper, the reader mustrely on the title to know what ―This‖ in the first sentence refers to.)35 Capital LettersActivity, 481–4821. Beatles . . . Candlestick Park 6. Big River . . . Chilean . . .Atlantic2. Natural Health . . . Abraham Lincoln 7. Cowboys . . . Boston3. I . . . V ick‘s . . . Listerine 8. Diet Pepsi . . . HostessTwinkie4. Boy Scouts . . . Springfield . . . Illinois 9. Glamour . . . Men . . . Want5. Cape Cod . . . Massachusetts 10. Joan . . . Congratulations Activity, 4841. World War . . . Americans . . . Japanese2. Korea . . . French . . . Swiss . . . Chinese3. Uncle Harvey4. Introduction . . . Word Processing5. V ietnameseActivity (Unnecessary Use of Capitals), 484–4851. forces . . . farmers2. aunt . . . convertible3. baseball . . . team . . . home . . . run4. book . . . unusual . . . museums . . . believe5. electron . . . microscope . . . television . . . atomicReview Test 1, 485–486 Review Test 2, 4861. HamptonPark . . . Tenth StreetAnswers will vary.2. Charlie Chaplin . . . Gloria Swanson3. Mammoth Cave . . . Kentucky4. Arkansas . . . President5. Groucho Marx6. Why . . . Groucho . . . Are7. Wash & Dry . . . Elm Street. . . I . . . Tide8. Mother . . . February . . . Groundhog Day9. Stone . . . The Birds . . . Tori Amos10. Polaroid . . . Trident . . . Jell-O36 Numbers and AbbreviationsActivity (Numbers), 4881. three-thirty 3:30 . . . one-oh-six 106 . . . Forty-Second 42d (or 42nd)2. 4 four . . . 75 seventy-five3. fifty 50 . . . tenth 10 (or 10th)Activity (Abbreviations), 4891. Nov. November . . . Jan. January . . . lbs. pounds2. aftern. afternoon . . . doc. doctor . . . appt. appointment3. p.o. post office . . . min. minutes . . . dol. dollarsReview Test, 4891. h.s. high school . . . 5,000 five thousand2. 3 three . . . cigs. cigarettes3. 2 two . . . Feb. February . . . twenty-fifth 25 (or 25th)4. Span. Spanish . . . 1 one . . . One 15. kitch. kitchen . . . 3 three37 ApostropheActivity (Apostrophe in Contractions), 490–4912. they‘re . . . I‘d3. I‘m . . . who‘s4. We‘re . . . who‘s . . . it‘s5. can‘t . . . there‘sActivity 1 (Apostrophe to Show Ownership or Possession), 4921. The comedian‘s annoying voice2. The quarterback‘s performance3. The old woman‘s thin hand4. the jewelry store‘s window5. the TV weatherperson‘s mouth6. Lamont‘s new denim shirt7. Rachel‘s hair8. Dennis‘s bowl of cereal9. Donna‘s Honda10. The ap artment‘s previous tenantActivity 2 (Apostrophe to Show Ownership or Possession), 493 Answers will vary; below are the possessive forms of the given words.2. Felipe‘s3. pilot‘s4. neighbor‘s5. school‘s6. gunslinger‘sActivity (Apostrophe versus Simple Plurals), 494–4951. Possessive: wife‘s armPlural: skates2. Possessive: V onette‘s decisionPlurals: predictions . . . opportunities3. Possessive: fire‘s extreme heatPlurals: telephones . . . chairs4. Possessive: doctor‘s requestPlural: scars5. Possessive: people‘s, world‘sPlurals: names . . . countries6. Possessive: Hal‘s shirtPlural: pants . . . fingernails7. Possessive: children‘s shoutsPlurals: shouts . . . eggs . . . lightbulbs . . . items8. Possessive: Tina‘s camping handbookPlurals: tablets . . . ropes9. Possessive: Carmen‘s leaky penPlural: fingers10. Possessive: rattlesnake‘s headPlural: eyesActivity, 4951. campers‘ tents2. Murrays‘ phone bills3. buildings‘ steep steps4. twins‘ habit5. cars‘ windshieldsReview Test, 495–4961. sofa‘s . . . chair‘s2. barn‘s . . . hayloft‘s3. book‘s . . . customer‘s4. Phil‘s . . . writer‘s5. boss‘s . . . Charlie‘s6. couldn‘t . . . car‘s7. parents‘ . . . children‘s8. cat‘s . . . dog‘s9. sun‘s . . . street‘s10. river‘s . . . Hendersons‘38 Quotation MarksActivity 1 (Set Off Words of a Speaker or Writer), 4981. Several people have been credited with saying, ―The more I see of people, the more I like dogs.‖2. Beatrice asked, ―Do you give a discount to senior citizens?‖3. ―This hamburger is raw!‖ cried Leon.4. The bum per sticker on the rear of the battered old car read, ―Don‘t laugh—it‘s paid for.‖5. ―I know why Robin Hood robbed only the rich,‖ said the comedian. ―The poor don‘t have any money.‖6. ―These CDs,‖ proclaimed the television announcer, ―are not sold in any store.‖7. ―When chefs go to great lengths,‖ the woman at the diet center said, ―I go to great widths.‖8. ―If you accept an invitation to dinner,‖ said the Duchess of Windsor, ―you have a moral obligation to beamusing.‖9. On a tombstone in a Maryland cemetery are the words, ―Here lies an atheist, all dressed up and no placeto go.‖10. The columnist advised, ―Be nice to people on your way up because you‘ll meet them on your waydown.‖Activity 2 (Set Off Words of a Speaker or Writer), 499Answers will vary.Activity (Indirect Quotations), 5002. Sonya said, ―My uncle looks just like a large basset hound.‖3. Angelo said, ―I want a box of the extra-crispy chicken.‖4. My boss said, ―Y ou can make mistakes as long as you don‘t repeat them.‖5. The instructor announced, ―Thursday‘s test has been cancelled.‖Activity (Titles), 501–5021. In her short story ―A Sea Worry,‖ Maxine Hong Kingston describes a group of teenage surfers and amother who tries to understand them.2. I bought the National Enquirer to read an article entitled ―Painful Beauty Secrets of the Stars.‖3. We read the chapter ―Pulling Up Roots‖ in Gail Sheehy‘s book Passages.4. Jamila used an article titled ―Winter Blues‖ from Time magazine in her research paper about seasonaldepression.5. The movie Casablanca, which starred Humphrey Bogart, was originally cast with Ronald Reagan in theleading role.6. My favorite old TV show was Thriller, a horror series hosted by Boris Karloff, the man who starred inthe 1931 movie Frankenstein.7. When the Beatles‘ movie A Hard Day‘s Night was first shown, fans screamed so much that no onecould hear the songs or the dialogue.8. On my father‘s wall is a framed front page of The New Y ork Times of February 25, 1940—the day hewas born.9. The sociology test will cover the first two chapters: ―Culture and Diversity‖ and ―Social Stratification.‖10. An article in Consumer Reports called ―Which Cereal for Breakfast?‖ claims that children can learn tolike low-sugar cereals like Cheerios and Wheaties.Review Test 1, 5031. The psychology class read a short story called ―Silent Snow, Secret Snow,‖ about a young boy whocreates his own fantasy world.2. While filming the movie Vertigo, the actress Kim Novak was agonizing over how to play a particularscene until the director, Alfred Hitchcock, reminded her, ―Kim, it‘s only a movie!‖3. ‖I‘m against grade school students‘ using pocket calculators,‖ said Fred. ―I spent three years learninglong d ivision, and so should they.‖4. The composer George Gershwin wrote many hundreds of hit songs, including classics like―Summertime‖ and ―Somebody Loves Me.‖5. When I gagged while taking a foul-tasting medic ine, my wife said, ―Put an ice cube on you r tongue first,and then you won‘t taste it.‖6. I looked twice at the newspaper headline that read, ―Man in River Had Drinking Problem.‖7. To learn more about the stock market for his business class, Jared began reading the column by PabloGalarza in Money magazine called ―Market Rap.‖8. When a guest at the wedding was asked what he was giving the couple, he replied, ―About six months.‖9. Theodore Roosevelt, a pioneer in conservation, once said, ―When I hear of the destruction of a species, Ifeel as if all the works of some great writer had perished.‖10. ―If you‘re ever in trouble,‖ said the police officer, ―you‘ll have a better chance of attracting aid if youshout ‗Fire‘ instead of ‗Help.‘ ‖Review Test 2, 503Answers will vary.39 CommaActivity (Comma Between Items in a Series), 5051. dead insects, crumbs, and dust balls2. hammock, popped open a frosty can of soda, and3. warm, deep, swirling4. eyes, relaxed manner, and5. musty, shadowyActivity (Comma After Introductory Material), 5061. window, gusts2. wildly, Jesse3. river, people4. begin, the5. water, theActivity (Commas Around Words Interrupting the Flow of Thought), 5071. breeze, hot and damp,2. chickens, loosely wrapped in plastic,3. wallet, which he kept in his front pants pocket,4. Delgado, who is an avid Y ankees fan,5. ships, a majestic sight,Activity (Comma Between Complete Thoughts), 508–5091. bulletin, and2. Correct3. parlor, for4. crushed, and5. shower, but6. reruns, so7. camera, or8. Correct9. Correct10. CorrectActivity (Comma with Direct Quotations), 5091. announced, ―In2. grapefruit,‖ . . . comedian,3. asked, ―Did4. louder,‖ a5. visitors, ―WeActivity (Comma with Everyday Material), 5101. mind, George,2. Amigos, 5607 Pacific Boulevard,3. 875,000 . . . October 16, 19954. shows, Elaine, . . . 1,231 . . . Sarasota, Florida5. Highway, Great Plains, MinnesotaReview Test 1, 511Wording of rules may vary.1. tissues,‖ said . . . professor, ―were(comma with direct quotation)2. cream, miniature marshmallows, and。
第三章造句Ⅰ. 完整句和不完整句1. 完整句（1）完整句的语法结构必须完整，即一个完整句必修至少有一个主语和一个谓语动词；如果该谓语动词是及物动词，还得有一个宾语；若是个系动词，则必须有一个表语或补语：He came.She wrote a letter.Dr. Smith is a professor.（2）一个完整的句子以大写字母开始，以句号结束。
2. 不完整句有时为取得特殊效果可用到不完整的句子。
如：It is hard to hear a new voice, as hard as it is to listen to an unknown language...Why? Out of fear. The world fears a new experience more than it fears anything. Because a new experience displaces so many old experiences. And it is like trying to use muscles stiff for ages. It hurts horribly.—D. H. Lawrence He was, I think, very handsome. I gather this from photographs and from my own memories of him, dressed in his Sunday best and on his way to preach a sermon somewhere, when I was little. Handsome, proud, and ingrown, “like atoe-nail,” somebody said.—James Baldwin 在上面第一篇中有三个不完整的句子(“why?”“Out of fear.”以及“Because a new experience...”)，在第二篇中有一个(“Handsome，proud”)。
七年级下册英语四单元练习册作文English: In my opinion, the most important skill for students to learnis effective communication. Being able to express oneself clearly and confidently, whether in spoken or written form, is crucial for successin both academic and professional settings. Effective communication allows students to participate actively in class discussions, collaborate with peers on group projects, and articulate their thoughts and ideas in a coherent manner. Furthermore, strong communication skills are essential for future career prospects, asthey enable individuals to convey their qualifications and ideas to potential employers. Without this skill, students may struggle to convey their knowledge and abilities, and may miss out on valuable opportunities. Therefore, I believe that effective communication isthe most important skill for students to learn.中文翻译: 在我看来，学生学习的最重要的技能是有效沟通。
第二章措辞Ⅰ. 词的类型据语体风格，常用的词（规范英语词汇）可分为三类：正式的、一般的、非正式的。
1. 正式词汇（又称作学术性的词、文雅的词或“大”词）（1）适用文体正式文体，如学术性或理论性著作、政治和法律文件，以及正式的演讲或报告。
（2）特点多有三个以上的音节，多数源于希腊或拉丁文。
下面这段文章中包含一些体现正式文体的词汇：There is nothing new in the recognition, within a given language, of a distinction between common usage and uses of the language for more restricted purposes and often enough, perhaps characteristically, more elevated purposes. The monolithic nature of English is not questioned when literary essayists like Emerson contrast poetry and common speech. The latter is recognized in America to be the proper subject for the investigation of linguists who, however, now show some incipient inclination to investigate poetry, too, and other noncasual utterances in a given language.—C. F. Voegelin 正式的或学术性的词汇有：recognition, characteristically, elevated, monolithic,investigation, incipient, inclination, noncasual, utterances等。
沪教版英语七下第四单元作文题目及答案Unit 4 Making the world more beautiful作文题目：Imagine you are a volunteer for an organization that helps to make the world a more beautiful place. Write a composition introducing the work that you and your organization do to make a difference.答案：As a volunteer for the "Green Earth" organization, we are dedicated to making the world a more beautiful place. Our work focuses on environmental conservation, beautification projects, and raising awareness about the importance of protecting our planet.One of the key projects we are involved in is tree planting. We believe that trees are essential for a healthy environment as they provide oxygen, clean the air, and provide habitats for wildlife. By planting trees in urban areas, we aim to create green spaces that not only look beautiful but also provide numerous benefits for the community. Through our efforts, we have planted hundreds of trees in parks, schools, and public areas to enhance the greenery and promote a healthier environment.Another important aspect of our work is organizing clean-up campaigns. We regularly conduct clean-ups in local parks, beaches, and rivers to remove litter and waste that pose a threat to our ecosystems. By involving volunteers from the community, we are able to make a significant impact and raise awareness about the importance of reducing waste and recycling materials. These clean-up campaigns not only improve the aesthetics of the environment but also contribute to a cleaner and healthier planet for future generations.In addition to these projects, we also collaborate with schools and educational institutions to promote environmental education. We conduct workshops, presentations, and seminars to teach students about sustainability, conservation, and the importance of preserving our natural resources. By engaging with young people, we hope to instill a sense of responsibility and inspire them to take action to protect the environment.Overall, the work we do at "Green Earth" is not only about making the world more beautiful but also about creating a sustainable future for generations to come. Through our efforts in tree planting, clean-up campaigns, and educational initiatives, we are committed to making a positive impact on the environment and raising awareness about the importance ofenvironmental protection. Together, we can make a difference and create a more beautiful world for all.。
英语写作手册考试题目一、填空。
1. The words that are often used may be divided, from a stylistic point of view, into three2.3. A grammatically complete sentence is one that contains at least and a4. According to their use, sentences are5. A loose sentence puts the main idea before all supplementary information; in other words, it puts first things first, and lets the readers know what it is mainly about when they have read the first few words. The reverse arrangement makes a periodic sentence: the main idea is expressed at or near the end of it, and it is not grammatically complete until the end is reached. (松散句，圆周句P39)6. 7. Inductive reasoning: when you use induction, you start with facts and proceed fromfacts to a general conclusion. In other words, you move from specific examples to a general statement.Deductive reasoning: The process is just the opposite of inductive reasoning—it moves from a general statement to s specific conclusion. It works on the model of syllogism—a three-part argument in which there are two statements, known as the major premise and the minor premise, and a conclusion.8. The process of writing a research paper is generally divided into five steps or stages:? Choosing a topic;? Collecting information;? Analyzing the information, organizing ideas, and working out and outline;? Writing the first draft;? Revising the draft and finalizing the paper.二．修辞辨别。
英语写作手册中文版第三版1、I have seldom seen my father（）pleased with my progress as he is now. [单选题] *A. so(正确答案)B. veryC. tooD. rather2、Ships can carry more goods than _____ means of transport. [单选题] *A. the otherB. anotherC. any other(正确答案)D. any3、( ) My mother told me _____ in bed. [单选题] *A. not readB. not readingC. don’t readD. not to read(正确答案)4、He was born in Canada, but he has made China his _______. [单选题] *A. familyB. addressC. houseD. home(正确答案)5、Our school is beautiful. How about _______? [单选题] *A. theirs(正确答案)B. theirC. theyD. them6、The black coal there shows a sharp（）white snow. [单选题] *A. contract withB. content withC. contact toD. contrast to(正确答案)7、—______ is the concert ticket?—It’s only 160 yuan.（）[单选题] *A. How manyB How much(正确答案)C. How oftenD. How long8、I gave John a present but he gave me nothing_____. [单选题] *A.in advanceB.in vainC.in return(正确答案)D.in turn9、I think ______ time with my friends is fun for me.（）[单选题] *A. spendB. spendC. spending(正确答案)D. spent10、Her （）for writing was that she wished women to get the right to higher education. [单选题] *A. motivation(正确答案)B. motivateC. effectD. concentration11、Since the war their country has taken many important steps to improve its economic situation. [单选题] *A. 制定B. 提出C. 讨论D. 采取(正确答案)12、--Don’t _______ too late, or you will feel tired in class.--I won’t, Mum. [单选题] *A. call upB. wake upC. stay up(正确答案)D. get up13、Many people believe that _________one has, _______ one is, but actually it is not true. [单选题] *A. the more money ; the happier(正确答案)B. the more money ; the more happyC. the less money ; the happierD. the less money ; the more happy14、The car _______ after forty minutes driving, so he didn’t have the interview on time. [单选题] *A. broke down(正确答案)B. broke inC. broke outD. broke up15、21．Design a travel guide for Shanghai! ________ the competition and be the winner! [单选题] *A．JoinB．AttendC．EnterD．Take part in (正确答案)16、_____ of the land in this area _____ covered with forest. [单选题] *A. Two-fifth; isB. Two fifth; areC. Two fifths; is(正确答案)D. Two fifths; are17、4．—Let's fly a kite when you are ________ at the weekend.—Good idea. [单选题] *A．warmB．kindC．smallD．free(正确答案)18、—______ is it from your home to the bookstore?—About 15 kilometers.（）[单选题] *A. How far(正确答案)B. How muchC. How longD. How many19、If you want to _______, you’d better eat more healthy food and do more exercise. [单选题] *A. keep fatB. keep calmC. keep healthy(正确答案)D. keep on20、_______ travelers come to visit our city every year. [单选题] *A. Hundred ofB. Hundreds of(正确答案)C. Five HundredsD. Five hundred?of21、8．—Will she have a picnic next week?—________. And she is ready. [单选题] * A．Yes, she doesB．No, she doesn'tC．Yes, she will(正确答案)D．No, she won't22、I _______ no idea of where the zoo is. [单选题] *A. thinkB. getC. have(正确答案)D. take23、I arrived _____ the city _____ 9:00 am _______ April [单选题] *A. at, in, atB. to, on, atC. in, or, atD. in, at, on(正确答案)24、—Where ______ you ______ for your last winter holiday?—Paris. We had a great time. （）[单选题] *A. did; go(正确答案)B. do; goC. are; goingD. can; go25、When you’ve finished with that book, don’t forget to put it back one the shelf, ____? [单选题] *A. do youB. don’t youC. will you(正确答案)D. won’t you26、In order to find the missing child, villagers _______ all they can over the past five hours. [单选题] *A. didB. doC. had doneD. have been doing(正确答案)27、My home is about _______ away from the school. [单选题] *A. three hundred metreB. three hundreds metresC. three hundred metres(正确答案)D. three hundreds metre28、Chinese people spend _____ money on travelling today as they did ten years ago. [单选题] *A. more than twiceB. as twice muchC. twice as much(正确答案)D. twice more than29、The people’s Republic of China _______ on October 1, 1 [单选题] *A. foundB. was founded(正确答案)C. is foundedD. was found30、The blue shirt looks _______ better on you than the red one. [单选题] *A. quiteB. moreC. much(正确答案)D. most。
