建筑材料外文翻译

ENGINEERING MATERIALS??工程材料【中英文对照】TYPES OF MATERIALSMaterials may be grouped in several ways. Scientists often classify materials by their state: solid, liquid, or gas. They also separate them into organic once living and inorganic never living materials.For industrial purposes, materials are divided into engineering materials or nonengineering materials. Engineering materials are those used in manufacture and become parts of products. Nonengineering materials are the chemicals, fuels, lubricants, and other material used in the manufacturing process which do not become part of the product.This grouping is not exact. Engineering materials may be further subdivided into: 1. Metals. 2. Polymers 3. Ceramics. A fourth type of material sometime listed is called a composite. Materials in this group are made up of two or more material from the engineering groups, Each of the materials in composite retains its original characteristics. Examples of composites include wood-, concrete-, glass-reinforced polyester, and graphite polymer advanced composites.COMMON METALSPure metals are seldom used in common industrial products. Purecopper is used in electrical applications, in automotive radiators, and gaskets. Pure aluminum has application in the chemical and electrical industries. However, most metals are alloyscombinations of two or more elements. There are over 25,000 different iron-carbon alloyssteel and over 200 standard copper alloys including a number of brasses, bronzes, and nickel silvers. Each of these alloys are identified by a code number.Steel is an alloy of iron and carbon with other elements added to produce specific properties. The various type of steel can be grouped under two major heading:1?Carbon steel. A steel in which the main alloying element is carbon. Carbon steel are further divided into three groups.a.?Low carbon steel. This steel has a carbon content of less than0.30 percent. It is the most common type and is often called mild steel. It is relatively inexpensive, ductile, soft, and is easily machined and forged. Mild steel cannot be heat-treatedhardened. Low carbon steel isa general purpose steel.b.?Medium carbon steel. This steel has a carbon content between0.30 percent and 0.80. Harder and stronger than mild steel, it can be hardened by heat treating. Medium carbon steel is most commonly used for forgings, castings, and machined parts for automobiles, agricultural equipment, machines, and aircraft.c.?High carbon steel. This type of steel is easily heat-treatedto produce a strong, tough part. The material has a carbon content above 0.80 percent. It finds wide use in hand tools, cutting tools, springs, and piano wire.2?High alloy steel. These steels contain significant amounts of other elements in addition to carbon. The common high alloy steel are:a.?Stainless steel which is produced by using chromium as a significant alloying element along with nickel and other metals. The result is a tough, hard, corrosion-resistant metalb.?Tool steel which is a special group of high carbon steels produced in small quantities to high quality specifications. Tool steel are used for a wide range of cutting tools and forming dies.c.?Manganese steel which is an alloy containing 21 percent manganese and one percent carbon. This metal is used in mining, railroad, and construction equipment because of its high tensile strength.PROPERTIES OF MATERIALSAll material have their own properties or characteristics. These properties may be arranged into major groups which include: Physical properties.Mechanical properties.Chemical properties.Thermal properties.Electrical and Magnetic properties.Optical properties.Acoustical properties.1.Physical PropertiesPhysical properties, for this discussion, are restricted to those which describe the basic features of the material. These features are measured or observed without the use of extensive scientific experiments. The common physical properties are size, shape, density, and porosity.Size is the overall dimensions of the object. These dimensions, for most materials, are given as thickness, width, and length or as diameter and length.Shape is the contour or outline of the object., Contour is given to an object by curved, notched, sloped, or other irregular surfaces.Density or specific gravity measures the mass of an object. The measurement is by weight for a unit or a certain volume. Typically, density is measured by pounds per cubic foot or kilograms per cubic meter of material. Density allows the mass of one material to be compared with that of other materials.Porosity is a measure of voidsopen pores in the material. It is generally described as a ratio of open pore volume to total volume of material. This ratio expressed as a percentage. Porosity will provide a measure of liquid-holding power, or the ability of air or gas to move through the material.2.Mechanical PropertiesMechanical properties mean a material’s ability to carry or resist the application of mechanical forces and loads. The material’s reaction to these forces is usually either deformation shape change or fracture.Mechanical properties are probably the most important, to manufacturing processing. They determine the extent to which a material may be formed, sheared, or machined.Typical forces which are applied to a material are tension, compression, shear, and torsion, these forces are used to form and form and shape materials. Furthermore, materials must withstand excess amounts of these forces in product applications. Since screws are used to assemble wood parts, they must absorb torsion forces. Rods holding suspended fixtures must withstand excess tension forces. The head of a hammer must absorb compression forces.1?Stress-strainThe stress-strain relationship is often used to study many mechanical properties. Stress is force applied to material. It is usually measured in either pounds per square inch or kilograms per square centimeter. Strain is the change in the length of a material which is under stress. The strain measurements are given in terms of the? amount of elongation increased length of the material per unit of length. Strain is given inthousandths of an inch per inch of material of millimeters or smaller units per centimeter of material. For most materials, the elongation of a material under stress is quite small A stress-strain diagram, like the one shown in Fig.1.1, is widely used to chart stress-strain relationships. The stress force per unit area is plotted on the vertical axis while the strain elongation of each unit of length is plotted on the horizontal axis.As stress is applied, the material first resists permanent deforming. This area is the material’s elastic range. This is a range in which the material will return to its original length when the force is released.Applying additional stress force will bring the material to its yield point. At this point additional strain elongation occurs without additional force stress being applied. Strain above this point is produced with smaller amounts of force. The force also produces permanent changes in the length of the material.This elongation which is above the material’s elastic limit point at which the material will mot return to its original length is called plastic deformation.As stress is increasingly applied above the yield point, additional strain occurs. Finally, a imum strain is reached and the material begins to fail, Its internal structure begins to come apart This point is called the material’s ultimate strength or tensile strength.Additional stress may cause a reduction in cross-sectional area necking and will finally cause fracture.2 Mechanical strengths.A material can be subjected to a number of different types of forces. They may be tension , shear, torsion, compression, or a combination of these force. Each possible force causes a material to respond in a different way. A material, therefore, has several different mechanical strengthsThe strength depends on the force applied.The most common mechanical strengths are:a.?Tensile strength??the imum tension load a material can withstand before fracturing. Tensile strength is the easiest strength to measure and, therefore, is widely used.b.?Compression strength??the ability to resist forces which tend to squeeze the material into a new shape. It is basically the opposite of tensile strength. Excessive compression force will cause the material to rupture bucking and splitting.c.?Shear strength??the ability to resist fracture under shear forces. The shear forces is caused by offset forces applied in opposite. These forces cause the grains or molecules of the material to slide by one another and eventually fracture.d.?Torsion strength??the ability to resist twisting forces. Forces which exceed the torsion strength modulus of rupture will cause thematerial to rupture e.?Flexure bending strength??the ability of a material to resist the combination of tensile and compression forces. As seen in Fig.1.2, when a material is bent, the material on the inside of? the bend must compress while that on the outside portion must stretch.A material must have flexure strength to undergo bending processes.f.?Fatigue strength??the ability to resist forces which wary in direction and/or magnitude. Typical of forces which cause. Fatigue are constant bending back and forthplastic hinge, applying and releasing tension forcescoil spring, or torsion forcescoil spring, or torsion forcesautomobile torsion bar.g.?Impact strength??the ability to resist a rapidly applied load. This is a more specific measure of tension or compression strengths, Impact strength determines the ability to absorb a tension or compression load which is quickly applied. Impact strength is often called toughness. The action of a hammer on a nail applies such impacts. Forging dies must have high impact strength.3 Plastic flow of materials.In addition to the mechanical properties involving strength, materials have characteristics that govern their behavior during the plastic defomation stage. These properties are usually called ductility and creep.Ductility is the plastic flow characteristic of a material undernormal temperature. The higher the ductility of a material the greater is ability to be formed without fracturing. Highly ductile materials can be easily bent. Drawn into wire, or extruded.Creep is the movement or plastic flow of material under load over an extended period of time. Creep of a material is affected by the stress level force applied, temperature of the material, and the length of time over which the stress is applied. Also different types of material have different creep characteristics. Wood creeps very little. Metal experiences slight amounts of creep. Glass and plastic are more likely to experience significant amounts of creep.4 HardnessHardness is the resistance of a material to penetration or scratching. It accounts for abrasion resistance as well as resistance to denting. Hardness is also directly related to strength. The harder a material the stronger it is. Metallic and ceramic material are almost always harder and stronger than polymeric materials. A number of different testers have been designed to test the hardness of a variety of materials.3.Chemical PropertiesAll materials are used in some types of environment. All environments, except a pure vacuum, contain chemicals. These chemicals may be gases oxygen, hydrogen, chlorine, nitrogen, liquids water, acids, oils or solids other engineering materials. The reaction between the chemicals and a material in an environment is called corrosion.These reactions are complex and require a knowledge of chemistry for a full understanding, In general, these are several types of chemical reactions. These include:1?Oxidation??corrosion caused by a reaction between the material and oxygen in the air. Iron oxidizes to form iron oxide rust. Some polymers are weakened and destroyed by a combination of sunlight and oxygen. Rubber is particularly prone to oxidation which is called aging. As rubber ages it loses its flexibility elasticity and strength.2?Electrochemical corrosion??corrosion caused by electrical currents set up in a material in a liquid or moist environment. Electrical current flows from one point on the material anodic area to another part cathodic. The current removes materials from the anodic area and deposits it at the cathodic area. This action is similar to the operation of the storage battery.3?Water absorption??the tendency of polymers and ceramic material to absorb water. This action increases the material’s weight and volume, water absorption will cause many materials to warp and swell, and lose desirable mechanical and electrical properties.4.Thermal PropertiesAll materials are subjected to thermalheat energy. Heat may cause the material to change its physical form melt, evaporate, to change in size, or to change in temperature. Heat may also change the internalstructure of material.The important thermal properties to material are:1?Heat resistant, the ability of a material to remain stable with changes in temperatureCeramic materials have high heat resistance ratings.2?Thermal conductivity, the ability of a material to transfer heat energy along its length , width, or thickness. The rate of heat transfer for thermal conductivity. Ceramics and polymers have low conductivity rates. They are therefore good heat insulators.3?Thermal expansion, the rate of size change per unit of heat applied. Almost all engineering materials expand as they are heated, The rate of expansion is called the coefficient of linear expansion. The rate of expansion varies greatly among materials.The varying rates of thermal expansion are the basis of the basis of the bimetal thermostat. The metal stripe of the thermostat have greatly different thermal expansion coefficients. When they are bonded together and heated, the metal with the high expansion rate elongates much more than the other strip. This causes the strips to bend and touch the contact point. This action closes an electric circuit which could start a furnace, turn on a cooling fan, or light a warning light.5.Electrical and Magnetic PropertiesElectrical and magnetic properties are similar. The electricalproperties describe the behavior of a material carrying an electrical current , Magnetic properties involve the behavior of materials in an electromagnetic field. These properties include:1?Electrical conductivity??the ability to conduct an electric current, Engineering materials are classified as conductors easily carry electrical current and insulators resistance to conducting current. Other materials are called semiconductors and are the foundation of the computer and data processing industry The opposite of electrical conductivity is electric current resistivity resistance to conducting current. If rsistivity is an important property, it is often discussed as the dielectric property or strength. The dielectric strength is a specific measure of a material’s electrical in sulating qualities. Metals generally are considered conductors of electricity while ceramics and polymers are insulators have high dielectric constants.2?Magnetic properties??the ability to be magnetized an external electromagnetic force. Materials with high magnetic properties are said to be permeable or have high permeability. Iron, nickel, and cobalt which are called ferromagnetic materials have high permeability. They are easily magnetized.6. Optical PropertiesOptical properties govern the m aterial’s reaction to light. These properties include:1?Opacity??the degree to which a material obstructs visible light. Materials with high opacity are said to be opaque. Low-opacity materials are called transparent.2?Color??the appearance of the material which depends on the spectrum of light it reflects to the human eye.3?Transmittance??the measure of the amount of light transmitted by a material. The opposite of transmittance is reflectance. Window glass has high transmittance while polished aluminum has high reflectance.7.Acoustical PropertiesAcoustical properties describe a material’s reaction to sound waves. The most important acoustical property is the sound insulating or absorbing quality quality of the material. This is the ability of the material to absorb sound and is called its sound absorption coefficient. Most ceiling tile has high sound absorption coefficients to reduce echoes in a room.工程材料材料可以在几个方面进行划分。

【 Bricks and Tiles 砖和瓦】【Lime, Sand and Stone 灰、砂和石】【Cement, Mortar and Concrete 水泥、砂浆和混凝土】【Facing And Plastering Materials 饰面及粉刷材料】【Asphalt (Bitumen) and Asbestos 沥青和石棉】【Timber 木材】【Metallic Materials 金属材料】【Non-Ferrous Metal 有色金属】【Anti-Corrosion Materials 防腐蚀材料】【Building Hardware 建筑五金】【Paint 油漆】k. OTHER ARCHITECTURAL TERMS 其它建筑术语【Discipline 专业】【Conventional Terms 一般通用名词】【Architectural Physics 建筑物理】【Name Of Professional role 职务名称】【Drafting 制图】a. DESIGN BASIS 设计依据计划建议书 planning proposals设计任务书 design order标准规范standards and codes条件图 information drawing设计基础资料 basic data for design工艺流程图 process flowchart工程地质资料 engineering geological data原始资料 original data设计进度 schedule of designb. STAGE OF DESIGN 设计阶段方案 scheme, draft草图 sketch会谈纪要summary of discussion谈判 negotiation可行性研究 feasibility study初步设计 preliminary design基础设计 basic design详细设计 detail design询价图 enquiry drawing施工图 working drawing, construction drawing竣工图 as built drawingc. CLIMATE CONDITION 气象条件日照 sunshine风玫瑰 wind rose主导风向 prevailing wind direction 最大(平均)风速 maximum (mean) wind velocity风荷载 wind load最大(平均)降雨量 maximum (mean) rainfall雷击及闪电 thunder and lightning 飓风 hurricane台风 typhoon旋风 cyclone降雨强度rainfall intensity年降雨量 annual rainfall湿球温度 wet bulb temperature干球温度 dry bulb temperature冰冻期 frost period冰冻线 frost line冰冻区 frost zone室外计算温度 calculating outdoor temperature采暖地区 region with heating provision 不采暖地区 region without heating provision绝对大气压 absolute atmospheric pressure相对湿度 relative humidityd. GENERAL ROOM NAME 常用房间名称办公室 office服务用房 service room换班室 shift room休息室 rest room (break room)起居室 living room浴室 bathroom淋浴间 shower更衣室 locker room厕所 lavatory门厅 lobby诊室 clinic工作间 workshop电气开关室 switchroom走廊 corridor档案室 archive电梯机房 lift motor room车库 garage清洁间 cleaning room会议室(正式) conference room 会议室 meeting room衣柜间 ward robe暖风间 H.V.A.C room饭店 restaurant餐厅 canteen, dining room厨房 kitchen入口 entrance接待处 reception area会计室 accountant room秘书室 secretary room电气室 electrical room控制室 control room工长室 foreman office开关柜室 switch gear前室 antecabinet (Ante.)生产区 production area马达控制中心 Mcc多功能用房 utility room化验室 laboratory room经理室 manager room披屋(阁楼) penthouse警卫室 guard housee. ROOFING AND CEILING 屋面及天棚女儿墙 parapet雨蓬 canopy屋脊 roof ridge坡度 slope坡跨比 pitch分水线 water-shed二毡三油 2 layers of felt & 3 coats of bitumastic附加油毡一层 extra ply of felt檐口 eave挑檐 overhanging eave檐沟 eave gutter平屋面 flat roof坡屋面 pitched roof雨水管 downspout, rain waterpipe)(R.W.P)汇水面积 catchment area泛水 flashing内排水 interior drainage外排水 exterior drainage滴水 drip屋面排水 roof drainage找平层 leveling course卷材屋面 built-up roofing天棚 ceiling檩条 purlin屋面板 roofing board天花板 ceiling board防水层 water-proof course检查孔 inspection hole人孔 manhole吊顶 suspended ceiling, false ceiling 檐板(窗帘盒) cornicef. WALL (CLADDING) 墙体(外墙板)砖墙 brick wall砌块墙 block wall清水砖墙 brick wall without plastering 抹灰墙 rendered wall石膏板墙 gypsum board, plaster board 空心砖墙 hollow brick wall承重墙 bearing wall非承重墙 non-bearing wall纵墙 longitudinal wall横墙 transverse wall外墙 external (exterior) wall内墙 internal (interior) wall填充墙 filler wall防火墙 fire wall窗间墙 wall between window空心墙 cavity wall压顶 coping圈梁 gird, girt, girth玻璃隔断 glazed wall防潮层 damp-proof course (D.P.C)遮阳板 sunshade阳台 balcony伸缩缝 expansion joint沉降缝 settlement joint抗震缝 seismic joint复合夹心板 sandwich board压型单板 corrugated single steel plate 外墙板 cladding panel复合板 composite panel轻质隔断 light-weight partition牛腿 bracket砖烟囱 brick chimney勒脚(基座) plinthg. FLOOR AND TRENCH 地面及地沟地坪 grade地面和楼面 ground and floor素土夯实 rammed earth炉渣夯实 tamped cinder填土 filled earth回填土夯实 tamped backfill垫层 bedding course, blinding面层 covering, finish结合层 bonding (binding) course找平层 leveling course素水泥浆结合层 neat cement binding course混凝土地面 concrete floor水泥地面 cement floor机器磨平混凝土地面 machine trowelled concrete floor水磨石地面 terrazzo flooring马赛克地面 mosaic flooring瓷砖地面 ceramic tile flooring油地毡地面 linoleum flooring预制水磨石地面 precast terrazzo flooring硬木花地面 hard-wood parquet flooring 搁栅 joist硬木毛地面 hard-wood rough flooring企口板地面tongued and grooved flooring 防酸地面 acid-resistant floor钢筋混凝土楼板 reinforced concrete slab (R.C Slab)乙烯基地面 vinyl flooring水磨石嵌条 divider strip for terrazzo 地面做2％坡 floor with 2% slope集水沟 gully集水口 gulley排水沟 drainage trench沟盖板 trench cover活动盖板 removable cover plate集水坑 sump pit孔翻边 hole up stand电缆沟 cable trenchh. DOORS,GLASS,WINDOWS & IRONMONGERY(HARDWARE)门、玻璃、窗及五金件木 (钢)门 wooden (steel) door镶板门 panelled door夹板门 plywood door铝合金门 aluminum alloy door卷帘门 roller shutter door弹簧门 swing door推拉门 sliding door平开门 side-hung door折叠门 folding door旋转门 revolving door玻璃门 glazed door密闭门 air-Tight door保温门 thermal insulating door镀锌铁丝网门 galvanized steel wire mesh door防火门 fire door(大门上的)小门 wicket门框 door frame门扇 door leaf门洞 door opening结构开洞 structural opening单扇门 single door双扇门 double door疏散门 emergency door纱门 screen door门槛 door sill门过梁 door lintel上冒头 top rail下冒头 bottom rail门边木 stile门樘侧料 side jumb槽口 notch木窗 wooden window钢窗 steel window铝合金窗 aluminum alloy window百叶窗 (通风为主) sun-bind, louver (louver, shutter, blind)塑钢窗 plastic steel window空腹钢窗 hollow steel window固定窗 fixed window平开窗 side-hung window推拉窗 sliding window气窗 transom上悬窗 top-hung window中悬窗 center-pivoted window下悬窗 hopper window活动百叶窗 adjustable louver天窗 skylight老虎窗 dormer window密封双层玻璃 sealed double glazing 钢筋混凝土过梁 reinforced concrete lintel钢筋砖过梁 reinforced brick lintel 窗扇 casement sash窗台 window sill窗台板 window board窗中梃 mullion窗横木 mutin窗边木 stile压缝条 cover mould窗帘盒 curtain box合页(铰链) hinge (butts)转轴 pivot长脚铰链 parliament hinge闭门器 door closer地弹簧 floor closer插销 bolt门锁 door lock拉手 pull链条 chain门钩 door hanger碰球 ball latch窗钩 window catch暗插销 insert bolt电动开关器 electric opener平板玻璃 plate glass夹丝玻璃 wire glass透明玻璃 clear glass毛玻璃(磨砂玻璃) ground glass (frosted glass)防弹玻璃 bullet-proof glass石英玻璃 quartz glass吸热玻璃 heat absorbing glass磨光玻璃 polished glass着色玻璃 pigmented glass玻璃瓦 glass tile玻璃砖 glass block有机玻璃 organic glassI. STAIRCASE, LANDING & LIFT (ELEVATOR) 楼梯、休息平台及电梯楼梯 stair楼梯间 staircase疏散梯 emergency stair旋转梯 spiral stair (circular stair) 吊车梯 crane ladder直爬梯 vertical ladder踏步 step扇形踏步 winder (wheel step)踏步板 tread档步板 riser踏步宽度 tread width防滑条 non-slip insert (strips)栏杆 railing (balustrade)平台栏杆 platform railing吊装孔栏杆 railing around mounting hole 扶手 handrail梯段高度 height of flight防护梯笼 protecting cage (safety cage) 平台 landing (platform)操作平台 operating platform装卸平台 platform for loading & unloading楼梯平台 stair landing客梯 passenger lift货梯 goods lift客/货两用梯 goods/passenger lift液压电梯 hydraulic lift自动扶梯 escalator观光电梯 observation elevator电梯机房 lift mortar room电梯坑 lift pit电梯井道 lift shaftj. BUILDING MATERIAL WORDS AND PHRASES 建筑材料词汇及短语Bricks and Tiles 砖和瓦红砖 red brick粘土砖 clay brick瓷砖 glazed brick (ceramic tile)防火砖 fire brick空心砖 hollow brick面砖 facing brick地板砖 flooring tile缸砖 clinkery brick马赛克 mosaic陶粒混凝土 ceramsite concrete琉璃瓦 glazed tile脊瓦 ridge tile石棉瓦 asbestos tile (shingle)波形石棉水泥瓦 corrugated asbestos cement sheetLime, Sand and Stone 灰、砂和石石膏 gypsum大理石 marble汉白玉 white marble花岗岩 granite碎石 crushed stone毛石 rubble蛭石 vermiculite珍珠岩 pearlite水磨石 terrazzo卵石 cobble砾石 gravel粗砂 course sand中砂 medium sand细砂 fine sandCement, Mortar and Concrete 水泥、砂浆和混凝土波特兰水泥(普通硅酸盐水泥) Portland cement硅酸盐水泥 silicate cement火山灰水泥 pozzolana cement白水泥 white cement水泥砂浆 cement mortar石灰砂浆 lime mortar水泥石灰砂浆(混合砂浆) cement-lime mortar保温砂浆 thermal mortar防水砂浆 water-proof mortar耐酸砂浆 acid-resistant mortar耐碱砂浆 alkaline-resistant mortar沥青砂浆 bituminous mortar纸筋灰 paper strip mixed lime mortar 麻刀灰 hemp cut lime mortar灰缝 mortar joint素混凝土 plain concrete钢筋混凝土 reinforced concrete轻质混凝土 lightweight concrete细石混凝土 fine aggregate concrete沥青混凝土 asphalt concrete泡沫混凝土 foamed concrete炉渣混凝土 cinder concreteFacing And Plastering Materials 饰面及粉刷材料水刷石 granitic plaster斩假石 artificial stone刷浆 lime wash可赛银 casein大白浆 white wash麻刀灰打底 hemp cuts and lime as base 喷大白浆两道 sprayed twice with white wash分格抹水泥砂浆 cement mortar plaster sectioned板条抹灰 lath and plasterAsphalt(Bitumen) and Asbestos 沥青和石棉沥青卷材 asphalt felt沥青填料 asphalt filler沥青胶泥 asphalt grout冷底子油 adhesive bitumen primer沥青玛啼脂 asphaltic mastic沥青麻丝 bitumastic oakum石棉板 asbestos sheet石棉纤维 asbestos fiber Timber 木材裂缝 crack透裂 split环裂 shake干缩 shrinkage翘曲 warping原木 log圆木 round timber方木 square timber板材 plank木条 batten板条 lath木板 board红松 red pine白松 white pine落叶松 deciduous pine 云杉 spruce柏木 cypress白杨 white poplar桦木 birch冷杉 fir栎木 oak榴木 willow榆木 elm杉木 cedar柚木 teak樟木 camphor wood防腐处理的木材 preservative-treated lumber胶合板 plywood三(五)合板 3(5)-plywood企口板 tongued and grooved board层夹板 laminated plank胶合层夹木材 glue-laminated lumber 纤维板 fiber-board竹子 bambooMetallic Materials 金属材料黑色金属 ferrous metal圆钢 steelbBar方钢 square steel扁钢 steel strap,flat steel型钢 steel section (shape)槽钢 channel角钢 angle steel等边角钢 equal-leg angle不等边角钢 unequal-leg angle工字钢 I-beam宽翼缘工字钢 wide flange I-beam丁( 之)字钢 T-bar (Z-bar)冷弯薄壁型钢 light gauge cold-formed steel shape热轧 hot-rolled冷轧 cold-rolled冷拉 cold-drawn冷压 cold-pressed合金钢 alloy steel钛合金 titanium alloy不锈钢 stainless steel竹节钢筋 corrugated steel bar 变形钢筋 deformed bar光圆钢筋 plain round bar钢板 steel plate薄钢板 thin steel plate低碳钢 low carbon steel冷弯 cold bending钢管 steel pipe (tube)无缝钢管 seamless steel pipe 焊接钢管 welded steel pipe黑铁管 iron pipe镀锌钢管 galvanized steel pipe 铸铁 cast iron生铁 pig iron熟铁 wrought iron镀锌铁皮 galvanized steel sheet镀锌铁丝 galvanized steel wire钢丝网 steel wire mesh多孔金属网 expanded metal锰钢 managanese steel高强度合金钢 high strength alloy steel Non-Ferrous Metal 有色金属金 gold白金 platinum铜 copper黄铜 brass青铜 bronze银 silver铝 aluminum铅 leadAnti-Corrosion Materials 防腐蚀材料聚乙烯 polythene, polyethylene尼龙 nylon聚氯乙烯 PVC (polyvinyl chloride) 聚碳酸酯 polycarbonate聚苯乙烯 polystyrene丙烯酸树酯 acrylic resin乙烯基酯 vinyl ester橡胶内衬 rubber lining氯丁橡胶 neoprene沥青漆 bitumen paint环氧树脂漆 epoxy resin paint氧化锌底漆 zinc oxide primer防锈漆 anti-rust paint耐酸漆 acid-resistant paint耐碱漆 alkali-resistant paint水玻璃 sodium silicate树脂砂浆 resin-bonded mortar环氧树脂 epoxy resinBuilding Hardware 建筑五金钉子 nails螺纹屋面钉spiral-threaded roofing nail 环纹石膏板钉 annular-ring gypsum board nail螺丝 screws平头螺丝 flat-head screw螺栓 bolt普通螺栓 commercial bolt高强螺栓 high strength bolt预埋螺栓 insert bolt胀锚螺栓 cinch bolt垫片 washerPaint 油漆底漆 primer防锈底漆 rust-inhibitive primer防腐漆 anti-corrosion paint调和漆 mixed paint无光漆 flat paint透明漆 varnish银粉漆 aluminum paint磁漆 enamel paint干性油 drying oil稀释剂 thinner焦油 tar沥青漆 asphalt paint桐油 tung oil, Chinese wood oil红丹 red lead铅油 lead oil腻子 puttyk. OTHER ARCHITECTURAL TERMS 其它建筑术语Discipline 专业建筑 architecture土木 civil给排水 water supply and drainage总图 plot plan采暖通风 H.V.A.C (heating、ventilation and air conditioning)电力供应 electric power supply电气照明 electric lighting电讯 telecommunication仪表 instrument热力供应 heat power supply动力 mechanical power工艺 process technology管道 pipingConventional Terms 一般通用名词建筑原理 architectonics建筑形式 architectural style民用建筑 civil architecture城市建筑 urban architecture农村建筑 rural architecture农业建筑 farm building工业建筑 industrial building重工业的 heavy industrial轻工业的 light industrial古代建筑 ancient architecture现代建筑 modern architecture标准化建筑 standardized buildings 附属建筑 auxiliary buildings城市规划 city planning厂区内 within site厂区外 offsite封闭式 closed type开敞式 open type半开敞式 semi-open type模数制 modular system单位造价 unit cost概算 preliminary estimate承包商 constructor, contractor 现场 site扩建 extension改建 reconstruction防火 fire-prevention防震 aseismatic, quake-proof 防腐 anti-corrosion防潮 dump-proof防水 water-proof防尘 dust-proof防锈 rust-proof车流量 traffic volume货流量 freight traffic volume 人流量 pedestrian volume透视图 perspective drawing建筑模型 building model Architectural Physics 建筑物理照明 illumination照度 degree of illumination 亮度 brightness日照 sunshine天然采光 natural lighting 光强 light intensity侧光 side light顶光 top light眩光 glaze方位角 azimuth辐射 radiation对流 convection传导 conduction遮阳 sun-shade保温 thermal insulation恒温 constant temperature 恒湿 constant humidity噪音 noise隔音 sound-proof吸音 sound absorption露点 dew point隔汽 vapor-proofName Of Professional role 职务名称项目经理 project manager (PM)设计经理 design manager首席建筑师 principal architect总工程师 chief engineer土木工程师 civil engineer工艺工程师 process engineer电气工程师 electrical engineer机械工程师 mechanical engineer计划工程师 planning engineer助理工程师 assistant engineer实习生 probationer专家 specialist, expert制图员 draftsman技术员 technicianDrafting 制图总说明 general specification工程说明 project specification采用标准规范目录 list of standards and specification adopted图纸目录 list of drawings平面图 plan局部放大图 detail with enlarged scale ．．．平面示意图 schematic plan of... ．．．平剖面图 sectional plan of... 留孔平面图 plan of provision of holes 剖面 section纵剖面 longitudinal section横剖面 cross (transverse) section立面 elevation正立面 front elevation透视图 perspective drawing侧立面 side elevation背立面 back elevation详图 detail drawings典型节点 typical detail节点号 detail No.首页 front page图纸目录及说明 list of contents and description图例 legend示意图 diagram草图 sketch荷载简图 load diagram流程示意图 flow diagram标准图 standard drawing．．．布置图 layout of ...地形图 topographical map土方工程图 earth-work drawing展开图 developed drawing模板图 formwork drawing配筋 arrangement of reinforcement表格 tables工程进度表 working schedule技术经济指标 technical and economical index建、构筑物一览表 list of buildings and structures编号 coding序列号 serial No.行和栏 rows and columns备注 remarks等级 grade直线 straight Line曲线 curves曲折线 zigzag line虚线 dotted line实线 solid line影线 hatching line点划线 dot and dash line 轴线 axis等高线 contour Line中心线 center Line双曲线 hyperbola抛物线 parabola切线 tangent Line尺寸线 dimension Line园形 round环形 annular方形 square矩形 rectangle平行四边形 parallelogram 三角形 triangle五角形 pentagon六角形 hexagon八角形 octagon梯形 trapezoid圆圈 circle弓形 sagment扇形 sector球形的 spherical抛物面 paraboloid圆锥形 cone椭圆形 ellipse, oblong面积 area体积 volume容量 capacity重量 weight质量 mass力 force米 meter厘米 centimeter毫米 millimeter公顷 hectate牛顿/平方米 Newton/square meter千克/立方米 kilogram/cubic meter 英尺 foot英寸 inch磅 pound吨 ton加仑 gallon千磅 kip平均尺寸 average dimension变尺寸 variable dimension外形尺寸 overall dimension展开尺寸 developed dimension内径 inside diameter外径 outside diameter净重 net weight毛重 gross weight数量 quantity百分比 percentage净空 clearance净高 headroom净距 clear distance净跨 clear span截面尺寸 sectional dimension 开间 bay进深 depth单跨 single span双跨 double span多跨 multi-span标高 elevation, level绝对标高 absolute elevation 设计标高 designed elevation 室外地面标高 ground elevation 室内地面标高 floor elevation 柱网 column grid坐标 coordinate厂区占地 site area使用面积 usable area辅助面积 service area通道面积 passage area管架 pipe rack管廊 pipeline gallery架空管线 overhead pipeline排水沟 drain ditch集水坑 sump pit喷泉 fountain地漏 floor drain消火栓 fire hydrant灭火器 fire extinguisher二氧化碳灭火器 carbon dioxide extinguisher卤代烷灭火器 halon extinguisher。

建筑材料Building mterilsXX:TU5XX:建筑工程中使用的所有材料统称为建筑材料。

材料是保证土木工程质量的基础,所以建筑材料必须有一定结构上的使用性的物理特性。

首先,它们必须能够承担荷载或重量而没有永久性的变形。

当荷载作用在结构构件上时,构件将变形,那就是说绳索将被拉伸或梁将弯曲。

然而当荷载被移去时,绳索和梁将回到原始位置。

这种材料的特性就叫做弹性。

如果材料不是弹性的,那么在移去荷载后变形存在,重复加载和卸载最终增加变形到结构失去作用。

所有用在建筑结构里的材料如石材、砖、木材、铝材、钢筋混凝土和塑料在一定范围内的荷载作用下表现弹性。

如果加载超出了范围,两种情况会发生:脆性和塑性。

如果是前者,材料将突然破坏;如果是后者,在一定荷载材料开始屈服流动,最后导致破坏。

例如,钢材呈现塑性,石材是脆性。

材料最终强度由破坏时的应力决定。

建筑材料的另一个重要特性是是它的刚度。

这个特性由弹性模量决定。

应力(每单位面积上的力)与应变(每单位长度上的变形)的比率就是弹性模量。

弹性模量就是描述材料在荷载作用下的变形能力。

对于两种有相同面积且荷载相同的材料,弹性模量大的材料变形小。

结构用钢的弹性模量是铝的三倍,混凝土的10倍,木材的15倍。

混凝土concrete混凝土,简称砼,是指将集料胶结成整体的工程复合材料的统称。

通常讲的混凝土一词是指用水泥做胶凝材料,砂、石作集料:与水(加或不加外加剂和掺合料)按一定比例配合,经搅拌、成型、养护而得的水泥混凝土,也称一般混凝土,它广泛应用于土木工程混凝土是担待最主要的建筑材料之一。

它是由胶结材料,骨料和水按一定比例配制,经搅拌振捣成型,在一定的条件下养护而成的人造石材。

混凝土具有原料丰富,价格低廉,生产工艺简单的特点,因而使用量越来越大:同时混凝土还具有抗压强度高,耐久性好,强度等级范围宽,使其适用范围十分广泛,不仅在各种土木工程中使用,就是造船业,机械工业,海洋的开发,地热工程等,混凝土业是总要的材料。

AAbram's rule阿勃拉姆规则Abrasion磨耗Accelerated strength testing快速强度试验Acid resistance耐酸性Adiabatic temperature rise绝热升温Admixture外加剂Aggregate集料（混凝土）Air entrainment引气（加气）Autoclave高压釜Accelerated curing快速养护Absorbed water吸附水Added water附加水Aggregate bulk density集料松散容重Auti-corrosion Admixture防锈剂Anisotropic materials各向异性材料Air-entrained concrete引气混凝土Air Entrain Admixture引气剂Aggregate porosity集料孔隙率Artificial marble人造大理石Alite阿利特Alkali-aggregate reaction碱－集料反应Alkalies in Portland cement波特兰水泥中的碱Alkali-silica reaction碱－二氧化硅反应Anhydrite无水石膏（硬石膏）Autoclave expansion test高压釜膨胀试验Air-entrained concrete加气混凝土Adhesion agent粘着剂Accelerating agent速凝剂All mesh ferrocement无筋钢丝网水泥Allyl-Butadiene-Styrene丙烯氰－丁二烯－苯乙烯共聚树脂（ABS）Air pockets鼓泡Axial tensive property轴心受拉性能Axial compressive property轴心受压性能Air impermeability气密性Abnormal Polypropylene无规聚丙烯（APP）Asbestos fibres石棉纤维Asbestos insulation石棉绝热制品Autoclave expansion test压蒸法Artificial人造石Air entraining and water-reducing admixture引气减水剂Active addition活性混合材Addition of cement水泥混合材Aluminoferic cement clinker铁铝酸盐水泥熟料Age龄期，时期Aluminum silicate wool硅酸铝棉Aluminum foil铝箔Air space insulation封闭空气间层Areal thermal resistance（specific thermal resistance）比热阻（热导率的倒数）Absorptivity吸收率Air permeability（Air penetration coefficient）空气渗透率BBrick 绝热砖Bond strength 粘结强度Bleeding 泌水Bitumen-determination of penetration 沥青针入度测定法Battery-mold process 成组立模工艺Bar spacing 加筋间距Bitumastic paint 沥青涂料Bituminous road materials 沥青筑路材料Blowing agent 发泡剂Bar between mesh 加筋Ball impact test （******强度）落球试验法Basic constituent 碱性组分基本成分Basicity 碱度，碱性Binder bonding agent 粘合剂Barytes 重晶石Batchhing 称量（配料）Belite 贝利特Biaxial behavior 双轴向性质Blaine fineness 勃来恩，细度Blast-furnace slag 高炉矿渣Blast-furnace slag cements 高炉矿渣水泥Blended portland cements 掺混合料的波特兰水泥Bogue equations 鲍格方程式Bond 粘结Brucite 氢氧镁石（水镁石）Bulking of sand 砂的湿胀Bull-float 刮尺Board（block）insulation 绝热板Batch mixture 配合料Bend stress 弯曲应力Bituminous paint 沥青涂料Bituminous concrete 沥青混凝土Block brick 大型砌块Blunger 搅拌器，打浆机Brick setting 砖砌体(brickwork)Brittle point of asphalt 沥青冷脆点Broken stone 碎石Bubbing potential 发泡能力Building brick 建筑红砖Building system 建筑体系，建筑系统Brittle material 脆性材料CCalcium aluminate cement 铝酸钙水泥Calcium aluminates 铝酸钙Calcium chloride 氯化钙Calcium ferroaluminates 铁铅酸钙Calcium hydroxide 氢氧化钙Calcium oxide 氧化钙Calcium silicate hydrate 水化硅酸钙Calcium silicate 硅酸钙Calcium sulfates 硫酸钙Calcium sulfoaluminate 硫铅酸钙Calcium sulfoaluminate hydrates 水化硫铝酸钙Capillary voids（pores）in cement 水泥中的毛细管Capillary water 毛细管水Carbon dioxide 二氧化碳Cavitation 混凝土中的大孔洞，空蚀作用Cement fineness 水泥细度Cement paste 水泥浆Cement soundness 水泥安定性Cement specifications 水泥规范Cement strength 水泥强度Cement types 水泥品种Ceramsite 陶粒Chalcedony 玉髓Chemically combined water 化学结合水Chert 燧石（黑硅石）Chloride 氯化物Chloroprene Rubber 氯丁橡胶（CR）Chord modulus 弦弹性模量Clinker 熟料Coarse aggregate 粗集料Cold-weather concreting 冷天浇筑混凝土Compacting factor test 捣实系数试验Compaction（consolidation）捣实（捣固）Compressive strength 抗压强度Computer control system 计算机控制系统Concrete batching plant 混凝土搅拌站Concrete composition 混凝土配合比Concrete products 混凝土制品Concrete pump 混凝土输送泵Cold rolled steel 冷轧钢Cellular concrete 多孔混凝土Complex accelerator based on triethanolamine 三乙醇胺复合早强剂Component 组分，成分，构件Compliance 柔度Composite 复合，合成，复合材料Composite insulation 复合绝热层Composite portland cement 复合硅酸盐水泥Concrete 混凝土Condensed silica fume 浓缩（凝聚）的二氧化硅烟雾（硅粉）Consistency 绸度Core tests 钻芯试验Corrosion of steel in concrete 混凝土中钢筋的腐蚀Cost of concrete 混凝土成本Cracking 开裂Creep 徐变Critical aggregate size 临界集料尺寸C-S-H 水化硅酸钙Coefficient of thermal expansion 热膨胀系数Conductivity 导热性Coefficient of shrinkage 收缩系数Coefficient of permeability of concrete 混凝土收缩系数Cement mortar 水泥胶砂Crescent ribbed bars 月牙肋钢筋Concrete block 混凝土砌块Cold-drawn reinforcement bar 冷拉钢筋Cold rolled steel 冷轧钢Condensation polymerization 缩聚反应Critical degree of saturation 临界饱和度Critical stress 临界压力Cryogenic behavior 低温性质Crystallization pressure of salts 盐的结晶压力Crystal structure and reactivity 结晶结构和Coefficient of permeability of concrete 混凝土渗透系数Carbonated lime sand brick 碳化灰砂砖Carbonating 碳化处理Cement resistance to chemical 水泥抗化学侵蚀性Cube size 立方体试件尺寸Characteristic strength 特征强度Coarse aggregate ratio to fine 粗集料玉细集料之比Carbonated shrinkage 碳化收缩Calcium silicate insulation 硅酸钙绝热制品Cellular（foamed）glass 泡沫玻璃（多孔玻璃）Composite insulation 复合绝热层活性Curing 养护Civil Engineering 土木工程Cement 水泥Crack 裂缝Calcium silicate insulation 硅酸钙绝热制品Cement mortar 水泥砂浆Cork 软木Cork insulation 软木绝热制品Cellular（foamed）plastics 泡沫塑料（多孔塑料）Cellular（foamed）polystyrene 聚苯乙烯泡沫塑料Cellular（foamed）polyurethane 聚氨脂泡沫塑料Calcium-resin insulating board 钙塑绝热板Cellular（foamed）rubber 泡沫橡胶DDarby 刮尺D-cracking D行裂缝Deicing salts action 除冰盐作用Diatomaceous earth 硅藻土质泥土Dicalcium silicate（C2S）硅酸二钙Dynamic modulus of elasticity 动弹性模量Dolomite 白云石Decoration mortar 装饰砂浆Deformed bar 变形钢筋，螺纹钢Defoamer 消泡剂Dense concrete 密实混凝土Diatomaceous silicate 硅藻土(Kieselguhr，diatomite) Diatomite insulation 硅藻土绝热制品Drying shrinkage 干燥收缩（干缩）Ductility 延性Durability 耐久性Durability factor 耐久性因素Decoration glass 装饰玻璃Density 密度Deformation 变形钢筋Degree of hardness 硬度Degree of humidity 湿度EEarly-age behavior早期性质Ecological benefit生态效应Effective absorption有效吸收Efflorescence白霜Elastic modulus弹性模量Electron micrographs电子显微图Energy requirement能量需要Entrained air引入的空气Extensibility可伸长性Emerging wire露丝Emerging mesh露网Expanded perlite膨胀珍珠岩Epoxy Resin环氧树脂Erosion冲刷风化、剥蚀Ettringite钙矾石Expanded clay and shale膨胀粘土和页岩Expanded slag aggregate膨胀矿渣集料Expansive cement concrete膨胀水泥混凝土Expansive cement膨胀水泥Expansive phenomena in concrete混凝土中的膨胀现象Expanded vermiculite膨胀蛭石Expanded rermiculite insulation膨胀蛭石制品Expanded plastics多孔塑料Engineering plastics工FFabriform土工模袋False set假凝Feldspar长石Fiber-reinforced concrete纤维增强混凝土Final set终凝Fine aggregate细集料Fineness modulus细度模量Flowing concrete流动混凝土Fly ash粉煤灰Foamed slag泡沫矿渣Formwork removal拆模Ferromanganese锰钢Flow of cement mortar水泥胶砂流动度Flint燧石Floating刮平Fracture toughness断裂韧性Free calcium oxide游离氧化钙Freeze-thaw resistance抗冻融性Fresh concrete新拌混凝土Facing面层Fiber insulation纤维绝热材料Flexible insulation柔性绝热制品Frost action on aggregate骨料受到冰冻作用Frost action on cement paste水泥浆受到冰冻作用Future of concrete混凝土的前景Fiber reinforced plastics纤维增强塑料Fiber-glass reinforced plastics玻璃纤维增强塑料Facebrick饰面砖，面砖Facing tile外墙面砖Faience mosaic嵌花地砖，釉陶锦砖Fiber cement纤维水泥Figured glass压花玻璃Fine sand细砂Fineness of cement水泥细度Finishing抹面（修整）Flash set闪凝（瞬间凝结）Flexural strength弯曲强度Fire resistance耐火性Ferrocement钢丝网水泥Ferrocement with skeletal bar加筋钢丝网水泥Flexural property受弯性能Fatigue resistance耐疲劳性Forst resistance抗冻性Fineness modulus细度模数（M）Flexural rigidity抗弯刚度（B）Foamed concrete泡沫混凝土Fiber board纤维板Frost action on concrete混凝土受到冰冻作用GGamma raysγ-射线Gel pores凝胶孔Gel/space ratio凝胶/空隙比（对强度的影响）(Effect on strength）Geonet土工网Geotextile土工格栅Geotextile木织物Glass geogrid土工复合排水材Geomat土工垫Gradation级配Gypsum石膏Granulated wood粒状棉Glass geogrid玻纤网Glassfiber Reinforced Plastics玻璃纤维增强塑料Glass wool玻璃棉Granular（powder）insulation颗粒绝热材料Gap-graded aggregate间断级配材料Gas concrete加气混凝土Glass玻璃体Giving a basic reaction发生碱性反应Giving an acid reaction发生酸性反应Grading颗粒级配Grain-size refinement级配曲线Gravel砾石、卵石Graywacke杂砂岩Grout薄浆（灌浆）Granite花岗岩Graph图表、图解Green concrete新拌混凝土Gritly粗砂状的Ground slag矿渣粉Gypsum wall board石膏墙板Gypsum concrete石膏混凝土HHardening 硬化Hcp 水化水泥浆的简写Hydration of portland cement 波特兰水泥的水化Heat of hydration 水化热Heavyweight aggregate 重集料Heavyweight concrete 重混凝土Hemihydrate 半水化物High-alumina cement 高铝水泥High-early strength cement 高早强水泥High-strength concrete 高强混凝土High-workability concrete 高工作性混凝土Hot-weather concreting 热天浇筑混凝土Hydrophilic and hydrophobic 亲水与憎水Hydrated（portland）cement paste 已水化的水泥浆Hydration reaction of aluminates 铝酸盐的水化Hydration reaction of silicates 硅酸盐的水化反应Hydraulic cement 水硬性水泥Hydraulic pressure 水压力Honeycomb 蜂窝Heat transfer rate 热流量Homogeneous materials 均质材料High-tensile reinforcing steel 高强度钢筋High-tensile wire 高强钢丝High carbon steel 高碳钢High strength concrete 高强混凝土High performance concrete 高性能混凝土IIgneous rocks for aggregate 作为集料的岩浆岩Impact strength ******强度Impregnation with polymers 用聚合物浸渍Initial set 初凝Initial tangent modulus 初始正切模量Interlayer space in C-S-H C-S-H中的层间空间Interlayer water in C-S-H C-S-H中的层间水Iron blast-furnace slag 化铁高炉渣Iron ores aggregate（heavyweight）铁矿石（重集料）Isotropic materials 各向同性材料Iron wire 低碳钢丝Impact ductility ******韧性Impact strength 抗******强度Impermeability 抗渗性，不渗透性Impermeability to water 抗渗水性，不透水性Impregnate 浸渍，渗透Index of quality 品质指标，质量控制标准Inhomogeneous 不均匀的，多相的Initial shrinkage 早期收缩Initial strength 早期强度Insulating layer 隔热层Intarsia 玻璃锦砖Impact resistance 抗******性JJet set cement 喷射水泥Jolting table 振动台Job mix 现场配合Jaw crusher 颚式破碎机"Jian-1" water reducerKKilled steel 镇静钢Kilogram calorie 千卡，大卡Kiln dust 窑灰，飞灰Kiln building 窑房Kiln plant 窑设备Knot 木节Kominuter 球磨LLow PH value cement 低碱水泥Laitance 浆皮Leaching of cement paste 水泥浆渗漏Lime cement 石灰水泥Limestone 石灰石Lightweight aggregates 轻集料Lightweight concrete 轻混凝土Lignosulfonate 木质磺酸盐Low heat Portland cement 低热波特兰水泥Laboratory 实验室Lean concrete 贫混凝土Loss of slump of concrete 混凝土的坍落度损失Le chatelier soundness test 雷氏夹法Loss on ignition 烧失量Light weight ferrocement 轻质钢丝网水泥Longitudinal bar 纵筋Longitudinal bar spacing 纵筋间距Loose fill insulation 松散填充绝热层Low alloy steel 低合金钢Low caron colddrawn steel 冷拔低碳钢丝Longitudinal rib 纵肋Lumber grading 木材等级MMacrostructure 宏观结构Magnesium oxide 氧化镁Magnesiun salts solution effect on concrete 镁盐溶液对混凝土的影响Map cracking 地图形裂纹Marcasite 白铁矿Mass concrete 大体积混凝土Maturity concept 成熟度概念Maturity meters 成熟度测定仪Microcracking 微裂缝Microsilica 微细二氧化硅（硅粉）Minimum crack spacing 最小裂缝间距Microcrack 微裂Modulus of deformation 变形模量（EB）Mineral wool insulation 矿棉绝热制品Mineral fibres 矿棉纤维Masonry cement 砌筑水泥Mild steel 低碳钢Medium carbon steel 中碳钢Moisture content of wood 木材含水量Moisture 湿度水分Moisture condition 含水状态Mocromolecule high polymer 高分子Microstructure 微观结构Mixing of concrete 矿物外加剂Mixing water 拌合用水Mix proportioning（designing）配合比（设计）Mix proportions 配合比Modified portland cement 改性的波特兰水泥Modulus of elasticity 弹性模量Modulus of rupture 挠折模量（破裂模量）Monosulfate hydrate 单硫酸盐水化物Mortar 砂浆Multiaxial strength 多轴向强度Mumicipal-waste aggregate 城市废物集料Moisture absorption 吸湿率（water vapour absorption）Moisture content of aggregate 骨料含水量Matrix 基材Mesh-bar placement and tying 铺网扎筋Manual plastering 手工抹浆Maximum size of sand 砂的最大粒径Mortar consistency 砂浆绸度Mortar strength 砂浆强度Maximum crack width 最大裂缝宽度Mix proportion by absolute volume 绝对体积配合比（设计）Mix proportion by loose volume 现场松散体积配合比（设计）Mixed-in-place 现场拌和Mix proportion by weight 重量配合比Mixed process 混合过程Mixing time 拌和时间Mixing water 拌和水Modility 流动性Membreane curing 薄膜养护Map cracking 龟裂Mastic 玛脂Modulus of elasticity concrete 混凝土弹性模量Modulus of water-glass 水玻璃模数Masonry mortar 砌筑砂浆Maximum aggregate size 最大集料粒径Marber 大理岩Moderate heat portland cement 中热硅酸盐水泥Moderate heat of hydration 中热Moderate sulfate resistance 中抗硫酸盐Magnitude of self-stress 自应力NNDT 非破损试验的缩写Neutron radiation 中子辐射Neoprene 氯丁橡胶NNO water reducer NNO型减水剂Non-evaporable water 非蒸发水Nominal diameter 公称直径Normal consistency of cement paste 水泥净浆标准绸度Non-hydranlic cement 气硬性水泥Non-destructive tests 非破损试验Nuclear shielding concrete 核屏蔽混凝土Normal distribution 正太分布Neat cement paste 水泥净浆Needle crystal 针状晶体Needle penetrometer 维卡仪OOscillating screen 振动筛Oscillation generator 振动器Oscillator 振动器Oil-well platform concrete 油井平台混凝土Opal 蛋白石Overlays of concrete 混凝土覆盖层Oriented water 定向的水Osmotic pressure 渗透压力Oven-dry aggregate 炉干骨料Overall thermal conductance 总导热系数Organosilicon 有机硅Organosilicon resin 有机硅树脂Oscillate 振动，振荡Ordinary low-alloy steel 普通低合金钢Ordinary oil well cement 普通油井水泥Ordinary portland cement 普通硅酸盐水泥PParticle size 颗粒尺寸Penetration resistance 抗贯入性Periclase 方镁石Perlite 珍珠岩Permeability 渗透性Phosphate 磷酸盐Phenolic Formaldehyde 酚醛树脂（PF）Placing of concrete 混凝土的浇筑Plaster of paris 建筑石膏Polypropylene 聚丙烯（PP）Polystyrene 聚苯乙烯（PS）Polystyrene-plywood laminate 聚苯乙烯胶合木板Polyester plastics 聚酯塑料Plastic veneer 塑料贴面板Plastic-steel window 塑钢窗Polyester 聚酯Polyester Resin 聚酯树脂（PR）Plastic shrinkage 塑性收缩Poisson's ratio 泊松比Polymer concrete 聚合物混凝土（PC）Polymer-impregnated concrete 聚合物浸渍混凝土（PIC）Polymer-cement concrete 聚合物水泥混凝土Prestressed steel 预应力钢筋Pumped concrete 泵送混凝土Pumice concrete concrete block 浮石混凝土砌块Plastics 塑料Polythene 聚乙烯（PE）Polyvinyl Alcohol 聚乙烯醇（PVA）Polyvinyl Acetate 聚醋酸乙烯（PVAC）Polyvinyl Chloride 聚氯乙烯（PVC）Polyvinyl Formal 聚乙烯醇缩甲醛（PVFO）Porosity 孔隙率Portland cement 波特兰水泥Portland blast-furnace slag cement 高炉矿渣波特兰水泥Portlandite 氢氧钙石Portland pozzolan cement 火山灰质波特兰水泥Potential compound composition 潜在化合物成分Pyrite pyrrhotite 硫化铁，黄铁矿Particle size distribution 粒度分布Pat test 试饼法PH-value PH值（PCC）Polymethylmethacrylate 聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯（PMMA）Pore-size distrbution 孔径分布Pore-size refinement 孔径尺寸修整Prestressded ferrocement 预应力钢丝网水泥Plain round bar 光圆钢筋Pozzolan 火山灰Pozzolanic reaction 火山灰质反应Preplaced aggregate concrete 预填集料混凝土Proportioning 配合Pulverized fuel ash 磨细粉煤灰Pull-out test 拔出试验Pumice 浮石QQuality assurance 质量保证Quick set 快凝Quality 质量Quality control 质量控制Quartz glass 石英玻璃Quartz glass fiber 石英玻璃纤维Quartz sand 石英砂Quick lime 生石灰[CaO]Quartz 石英Quatzite 石英岩Quick-taking cement 快凝水泥Quick hardening 水硬性水泥Quench 水淬，骤冷RRadiation shielding concrete辐射屏蔽混凝土Rapid setting and hardening cement快凝与快硬水泥Revibration重新振捣Rice husk ash谷糠灰Ready-mixed concrete预拌混凝土Recycled-concrete aggregate再生混凝土集料Regulated-set cement调凝水泥Retarding admixtures缓凝外加剂Retempering重新调拌Roller-compacted concrete滚筒-压实混凝土Reinforced plastics加筋塑料Reinforcement mat钢筋网Resistance to chemical attack of mortar砂浆耐蚀性Rock wool岩石棉Rigid insulation刚性绝热制品Rib height肋高Rib spacing肋间距Ribbed bars带肋钢筋Rich concrete富混凝土Residue on sieve筋余Raw limestone石灰石Raw gypsum二水石膏SSalt crystallization pressure 盐的结晶压力Sand 砂Sandstone 砂岩Saturated surface dry condition 饱和面干条件Scaling 起皮，鳞片状剥落Schmidt rebound hammer 希密特回弹仪Screeding 抹平Seawater 海水Secant elastic modulus 正割弹性模量Sedimentary rocks for aggregate 作为集料的沉积岩Segregation 离析Self-stressing cement 自应力水泥Setting of cement paste 水泥浆的凝结Special hydraulic cement 特种水硬性水泥Specifications 规范Specific heat 比热Specific surface area 比表面积Sphericity 圆度Splitting ******* strength 劈裂抗拉强度Standard specifications 标准规范Standard test method 标准试验方法Stiffening of cement paste 水泥浆的变硬Strain 应变Strength 强度Setting of concrete 混凝土的凝结Shear-bond failure 剪切粘结破坏Shear strength 剪切强度Shotcreting 喷射混凝土浇筑Shrinkage 收缩Shrinkage-compensating concrete 收缩补偿混凝土Sieve analysis of aggregate 集料的筛分析Silica fume 硅粉Slag 矿渣Slip-formed concrete 滑模混凝土Slump cone test 坍落度锥体试验Slump loss in concrete 混凝土中坍落度损失Solid/space ratio 固体∕空隙比Solid-state hydration 固态水化Soundness 安定性Spacing-factors of entrained air 引入空气的间距因素Self-stressing cement mortar 自应力水泥砂浆Shear steel 剪切钢筋Saturation capacity 饱和含水量Saturation point 饱和点Stearic acid 硬脂酸Surface-active agents 表面活性剂Synthetic resin binder 树脂粘结剂Synthetic lightweight aggregate 人造轻集料Shotereting process 喷浆工艺Scaling 麻面Surface dusting 表面起砂Sandwich 夹层Shrinkage crack 收缩裂缝Stressed crack 受力裂缝Special steel 特种钢Sawdust concrete 锯屑混凝土Softening point test 软化点试验Solidification 凝固作用Stress 应力Stress intensity factor 应力强度因素Stress-strain curve 应力－应变曲线Surface moisture 表面水Splitting strength 劈裂强度Splitting failure 劈裂破坏Standard error 标准误差Stand sieve 标准筛Static modulus 静弹性模量Steam curing 蒸汽养护Strength grading 强度级别Strength of cube 立方体强度Strength at 28 days 28天强度Stress concentration 应力集中Styrene Butadiene Rubber 丁苯橡胶（SBR）Styrene-Butadiene-Styrene 苯－丁－苯乙烯Sulphoaluminate cement clinker 硫铝酸盐熟料Surface energy 表面能Surface hardness 表面强度Surface ******* 表面张力Sand-lime brick 灰砂砖Saturated aggregate 饱和水集料Superplasticized admixture 超塑化外加剂Structural lightweight concrete 结构轻混凝土Structure（microstructure）of concrete 混凝土的（微观）结构Structures（concrete）in photographs 混凝土结构照片Sulfate attack 硫酸盐侵蚀Sulfate resisting cement 抗硫酸盐水泥Sulfates in portland cement 波特兰水泥中的硫酸盐Sulfides and sulfate aggregate 硫化物与硫酸盐集料Standard sand 标准砂Strength of cement mortar 水泥胶砂强度Strength grade of cement 水泥强度等级Spiral reinforcement 螺纹钢筋Stirrup 箍筋Struture lightweight concrete 结构用轻混凝土Specimen 试件Self-stressing concrete 自应力混凝土Sand grading 砂的级配Sand grading curve 砂的级配曲线Sand grading standard region 砂的级配标准区Self-stressing ferrocement 自应力钢丝网水泥Surface area 表面积Strength of aggregate 集料强度Strength of cylinders 圆柱体强度Supersulphated cement 石膏矿渣水泥Setting time of concrete 混凝土的凝结时间Standard of concrete 混凝土强度Standard deviation 标准差Structure high density concrete 结构高表观密度混凝土Steel-fibre concrete 钢纤维混凝土Set retarder admixture 缓凝剂Set retarding and water-reducing admixture 缓凝减水剂Superplasticizer admixture 高效减水剂Superplasticized concrete 超塑性混凝土Setting time 凝结时间Sulphonated formaldehyde melamine 磺化甲醛三聚氰胺Saturated and surface-dry aggregate 饱和面干集料Tangent modulus of elasticity 正切弹性模量Temperature effects 温度效应Tensile strain 拉伸应变Tensile strain capacity 拉伸应变能力Tensile strength 拉伸强度（抗拉强度）Test methods 试验方法Thermal conductivity 导热性Thermal expansion coefficient 热膨胀系数Thermal shrinkage 热收缩Truckmixing 卡车搅拌Total water/cement ratio 总水灰比Trial mixes 试拌合物The particle grading 颗粒级配Tough aggregate 韧性集料Timber 木材Thermal insulation material 保温材料Test sieve 试验筛Through-solution hydration 通过溶液的水化Time of set 凝结时间Tobermorite gel 莫来石凝胶Topochemical hydration 局部水化Toughness 韧性Transition zone 过渡区Transporting concrete 混凝土输送Tricalcium aluminate 铝酸三钙Tricalcium silicate 硅酸三钙Triethanolamine 三乙醇胺Testing of material 材料试验Testing sieve shaker 试验用振动筛分机Test load 试验负荷Test method 试验仪表Test report 试验报告Test result 试验结果Tetracalcium aluminate hydrate 水化铝酸四钙Texture of wood 木材纹理Theories of cement setting and hardening 水泥凝结硬化理论Thermal contraction 热收缩Thermal diffusivity 热扩散性Thermosetting plastics 热固性塑料Technical manual 技术规范Test method of ferrocement panels in flexure 钢丝网水泥板受弯试验方法Transverse barspacing 横筋间距Thermo plastics 热塑性塑料Transverse rib 横肋Transverse bar 横筋Temperature shrinkage 温度收缩Thermal insulation material 绝热材料Thermal insulation properties 保温性能Thermal insulating concrete 绝热混凝土Thermal insulating plaster（Thermal insulating mortar）绝热砂浆UUltrasonic pulse velocity 超声脉冲速度Unixial compression behavior 单轴向受压状况Ultimate creep 极限徐变Ultimate strain 极限应变Unlimited swelling gel 无限膨胀凝胶Units of measurement 计量单位Unit weight 单位重量Ultimate gation 极限伸长值Ultimate principles 基本原理Ultrasonic inspection 超声波样份Uncombined CaO 游离CaOVander Wale force 范德华力Vebe test 维勃试验Vermiculite 蛭石Very high early strength cement 超高早强水泥Vibration 振动，振捣Vicat apparatus 维卡仪Void in hydrated cement paste 水化水泥浆中的孔隙Volcanic glass 火山玻璃Vinsol resin 松香皂树脂Vapor pressure 蒸汽压力Variegated glass 大理石纹Veneer 墙面砖、饰面砖Vesicular structure 多孔结构Vicat needle 维卡仪Viscometer 粘度仪Viscosity 粘度粘滞性Viscosity of asphalt 沥青粘滞性Voids ratio 孔隙率Vibro-moulding process 振动成型工艺Vibrating stamping process 震动模压工艺Vibrating vacuum-dewater process 振动-真空脱水工艺Vacuum insulation 真空绝热Vapour barrier，water vapour retarder 隔汽层Vibrating table 振动台Voids detection 空隙的测定V-B test（vebe test）维勃证WWater 水Water/cement ratio 水灰比Water-reducing admixture 减水剂Water tightness 水密性、不透水性Water content 用水量Water requirement 需水量Water-lightness 透水性Water-reducing retaders 缓凝减水剂White cement 白水泥Windsor probe 温莎探针Winter concreting 混凝土冬季浇筑Workability 工作性（工作度）Wetting agents 温润剂Water solubility 水溶性Water retentivity 保水性Water storage 在水中养护Water repellent 疏水的、不吸水的、憎水的Water resistance 抗水性Water vapor 水蒸汽Wearability 耐磨性Weather resistance 耐候性Workability 可加工性Wood-preserving process 木材防腐处理Work done by impact ******功Weighting error 称量误差Workability loss of with time 和易性随时间损失Workability of ready-mixed concrete 预拌混凝土和易性Workability of light-weight concrete 轻混凝土和易性Water-reducing admixture 普通减水剂Water-proofing 防水的Water-proofing admixture 防水剂Wire rope 钢绞线Workability measurement 和易性测量Wire mesh 钢丝网Welded mesh 焊接网Wood wool slab 木丝板Water content（moisture content）含水率（湿度）Water absorption 吸水率Wet screening 湿法筛分，湿筛析Wetting and drying 潮湿与干燥Workability control 和易性控制Workability definition 和易性定义Water pepellent admixture 防水剂Water requirement for normal consistency of cement paste 水泥净浆标准绸度用水量Water proofing compound 防水化合物XX-ray diffiraction analysis X射线衍射分析X-ray phase analysis X射线相分析X-rayogram X射线图式X-ray spectrometer X射线光谱仪YYield limit 屈服极限Yield point 屈服点Yield strength 屈服强度Yield stress 屈服应力Yield of steel 钢材的屈服ZZeolite 沸石Zones for sand grading 砂级配区Zeta-potential ζ－电位Zone of heating 预热带。

外文资料：Prestressed Concrete BuildingsPrestressed concrete has been widely and successfully applied to building construction of all types.Both precast pretensioned members and cast-tensioned structures are extensively employed,sometimes in competition with one another, most effectively in combination wit each other.Prestressed concrete offers great advantages for incorporation in a totalaspects of these, that is, structure plus other building. It is perhaps the “integrative”functions,which have made possible the present growth in use of prestressed concrete buildings.These advantages include the following:Structural strength; Structure rigidity;Durability;Mold ability,into desired forms and shapes;Fire resistance;Architectural treatment of surfaces;Sound insulation;Heat insulation; Economy; Availability, through use of local materials and labor to a high degree.Most of the above are also properties of conventionally reinforced concrete. Presrressing,however,makes the structural system more effective by enabling elimination of the technical of difficulty,e.g.,cracks that spoil the architectural treatment.Prestressing greatly enhance the structure efficiency and economy permitting longer spans and thinner elements.Above all,it gives to the architect-engineer a freedom for variation and an ability to control behavior under service conditions.Although prestressed concrete construction involves essentially the same consideration and practices as for all structures, a number of special points require emphasis or elaboration.The construction engineer is involved in design only to a limited extent. First,he muse be able to furnish advice to the architect and engineer on what can he done. Because of his specialized knowledge of techniques relating to prestressed concrete construction, he supplies a very needed service to the architect-engineer.Second, the construction engineer may be made contractually responsible for the working drawings;that is,the layout of tendons,anchorage details,etc.It is particularly important that he gives careful attention to the mild steel and concrete details to ensure these are compatible with his presressing details.Third, the construction engineer is concerned with temporary stresses, stresses at release, stresses in picking, handling and erection, and temporary condition prior to final completion of the structure, such as the need of propping for a composite pour.Fourth,although the responsibility for design rests with the design engineer, nevertheless the construction engineer is also vitally concerned that the structure be successful form the point of view of structural integrity and service behavior. Therefore he will want to look at the bearing and connection details, camber, creep, shrinkage,thermal movements,durability provisions,etc.,and advise the design engineer of any deficiencies he encounters.Information on new techniques and especially application of prestressing to buildings are extensively available in the current technical literature of national and international societies.The International Federation of Prestressing(I.F.P)has attempted to facilitate the dissemination of this information by establishing a Literature Exchange Service,in which the prestressing journals of some thirty countries are regularly exchanged.In addition,an Abstract is published intermittently by I.F.P The Prestressed Concrete Institute(USA)regularly publishes a number of journals and pamphlets on techniques and applications, and proceduresare set up for their dissemination to architects and engineers as well as directly to the construction engineer. It is important that he keep abreast of these national and worldwide developments, so as to be able to recommend the latest and best that is available in the art,and to encourage the engineer to make the fullest and most effective use of prestressed concrete in their buildings.With regard to working drawings, the construction engineer must endeavor to translate the design requirements into the most practicable and economical details of accomplishment,in such a way that the completed element or structure fully complies with the design requirement;for example, the design may indicate only the center of gravity of prestressing and the effective prestress force. The working drawing will have to translate this into tendons having finite physical properties and dimensions.If the center of gravity of pre-stressing is a parabolic path then,for pre-tensioning,and approximation by chords is required,with hold-down points suitably located.The computation of pre-stress losses,form transfer stress to effective stress, must reflect the actual manufacturing and construction process used,as well as thorough knowledge of the properties of the particular aggregates and concrete mix to be employed.With post-tensioning, anchorages and their bearing plates must be laid out in their physical dimension. It is useful in the preparation of complex anchorage detail layouts to use full-scale drawings, so as to better appreciate the congestion of mild steel and anchorages at the end of the member. Tendons and reinforcing bars should be shown in full size rather than as dotted lines. This will permit consideration to be given as to how the concrete can be placed and consolidated.The end zone of both pre-tensioned and post-tensioned concrete memberssubject to high transverse or bursting stresses. These stresses are also influenced by minor concrete details,such as chamfers.Provision of a grid of small bars (sometimes heavy wire mesh is used), as close to the end of a girder as possible, will help to confine and distribute the concentrated forces. Closely spaced stirrups and/or tightly spaced spiral are usually needed at the end of heavily stressed members.Recent tests have confirmed that closeness of spacing is much more effective than increase in the size of bars. Numerous small bars, closely spaced, are thus the best solution.Additional mild-steel stirrups may also be required at hold-down points to resist the shear. This is also true wherever post-tensioned tendons make sharp bends. Practical consideration of concretion dictates the spacing of tendons and ducts. The general rules are that the clear spacing small be one-and-one-half times the maximum size of coarse aggregate. In the overall section, provision must be made for the vibrator stinger.Thus pre-stressing tendons must either be spaced apart in the horizontal plane, or, in special cases, bundled.In the vertical plane close contact between tendons is quite common.With post-tensioned ducts,however,in intimate vertical contact,careful consideration has to be given to prevent one tendon form squeezing into the adjacent duct during stressing.This depends on the size of duct and the material used for the duct.A full-scale layout of this critical cross section should be ually,the best solution is to increase the thickness ( and transverse strength ) of the duct, so that it will span between the supporting shoulders of concrete.As a last rest\ort it may be necessary to stress and grout one duct before stressing the adjacent one.This is time-consuming and runs the risks of grout blockage due to leaks from one duct to the other. Therefore the author recommendsthe use of heavier duct material,or else the respacing of the ducts.The latter,of course, may increase the prestressing force required.中文翻译：预应力混凝土建筑预应力混凝土已经广泛并成功地用于各种类型的建筑。

【 Bricks and Tiles 砖和瓦】 【Lime, Sand and Stone 灰、砂和石】 【Cement, Mortar and Concrete 水泥、砂浆和混凝土】【Facing And Plastering Materials 饰面及粉刷材料】【Asphalt (Bitumen) and Asbestos 沥青和石棉】【Timber 木材】【Metallic Materials 金属材料】 【Non-Ferrous Metal 有色金属】【Anti-Corrosion Materials 防腐蚀材料】【Building Hardware 建筑五金】 【Paint 油漆】k. OTHER ARCHITECTURAL TERMS 其它建筑术语【Discipline 专业】【Conventional Terms 一般通用名词】 【Architectural Physics 建筑物理】【Name Of Professional role 职务名称】 【Drafting 制图】a. DESIGN BASIS 设计依据计划建议书 planning proposals设计任务书 design order标准规范standards and codes条件图 information drawing设计基础资料 basic data for design工艺流程图 process flowchart工程地质资料 engineering geological data原始资料 original data设计进度 schedule of designb. STAGE OF DESIGN 设计阶段方案 scheme, draft草图 sketch会谈纪要summary of discussion谈判 negotiation可行性研究 feasibility study初步设计 preliminary design基础设计 basic design详细设计 detail design询价图 enquiry drawing施工图 working drawing, construction drawing竣工图 as built drawingc. CLIMATE CONDITION 气象条件日照 sunshine风玫瑰 wind rose主导风向 prevailing wind direction 最大(平均)风速 maximum (mean) wind velocity风荷载 wind load最大(平均)降雨量 maximum (mean) rainfall雷击及闪电 thunder and lightning 飓风 hurricane台风 typhoon旋风 cyclone降雨强度rainfall intensity年降雨量 annual rainfall湿球温度 wet bulb temperature干球温度 dry bulb temperature冰冻期 frost period冰冻线 frost line冰冻区 frost zone室外计算温度 calculating outdoor temperature采暖地区 region with heating provision 不采暖地区 region without heating provision绝对大气压 absolute atmospheric pressure相对湿度 relative humidityd. GENERAL ROOM NAME 常用房间名称办公室 office服务用房 service room换班室 shift room休息室 rest room (break room)起居室 living room浴室 bathroom淋浴间 shower更衣室 locker room厕所 lavatory门厅 lobby诊室 clinic工作间 workshop电气开关室 switchroom走廊 corridor档案室 archive电梯机房 lift motor room车库 garage清洁间 cleaning room会议室(正式) conference room 会议室 meeting room衣柜间 ward robe暖风间 H.V.A.C room饭店 restaurant餐厅 canteen, dining room厨房 kitchen入口 entrance接待处 reception area会计室 accountant room秘书室 secretary room电气室 electrical room控制室 control room工长室 foreman office开关柜室 switch gear前室 antecabinet (Ante.)生产区 production area马达控制中心 Mcc多功能用房 utility room化验室 laboratory room经理室 manager room披 屋(阁楼) penthouse警卫室 guard housee. ROOFING AND CEILING 屋面及天棚女儿墙 parapet雨蓬 canopy屋脊 roof ridge坡度 slope坡跨比 pitch分水线 water-shed二毡三油 2 layers of felt & 3 coats of bitumastic附加油毡一层 extra ply of felt檐口 eave挑檐 overhanging eave檐沟 eave gutter平屋面 flat roof坡屋面 pitched roof雨水管 downspout, rain waterpipe)(R.W.P)汇水面积 catchment area泛水 flashing内排水 interior drainage外排水 exterior drainage滴水 drip屋面排水 roof drainage找平层 leveling course卷材屋面 built-up roofing天棚 ceiling檩条 purlin屋面板 roofing board天花板 ceiling board防水层 water-proof course检查孔 inspection hole人孔 manhole吊顶 suspended ceiling, false ceiling檐板(窗帘盒) cornicef. WALL (CLADDING) 墙体(外墙板)砖墙 brick wall砌块墙 block wall清水砖墙 brick wall without plastering 抹灰墙 rendered wall石膏板墙 gypsum board, plaster board 空心砖墙 hollow brick wall承重墙 bearing wall非承重墙 non-bearing wall纵墙 longitudinal wall横墙 transverse wall外墙 external (exterior) wall内墙 internal (interior) wall填充墙 filler wall防火墙 fire wall窗间墙 wall between window空心墙 cavity wall压顶 coping圈梁 gird, girt, girth玻璃隔断 glazed wall防潮层 damp-proof course (D.P.C)遮阳板 sunshade阳台 balcony伸缩缝 expansion joint沉降缝 settlement joint抗震缝 seismic joint复合夹心板 sandwich board压型单板 corrugated single steel plate 外墙板 cladding panel复合板 composite panel轻质隔断 light-weight partition牛腿 bracket砖烟囱 brick chimney勒脚(基座) plinthg. FLOOR AND TRENCH 地面及地沟地坪 grade地面和楼面 ground and floor素土夯实 rammed earth炉渣夯实 tamped cinder填土 filled earth回填土夯实 tamped backfill垫层 bedding course, blinding面层 covering, finish结合层 bonding (binding) course找平层 leveling course素水泥浆结合层 neat cement binding course混凝土地面 concrete floor水泥地面 cement floor机器磨平混凝土地面 machine trowelled concrete floor水磨石地面 terrazzo flooring马赛克地面 mosaic flooring瓷砖地面 ceramic tile flooring油地毡地面 linoleum flooring预制水磨 石地面 precast terrazzo flooring硬木花地面 hard-wood parquet flooring 搁栅 joist硬木毛地面 hard-wood rough flooring企口板地面tongued and grooved flooring 防酸地面 acid-resistant floor钢筋混凝土楼板 reinforced concrete slab (R.C Slab)乙烯基地面 vinyl flooring水磨石嵌条 divider strip for terrazzo 地面做2％坡 floor with 2% slope集水沟 gully集水口 gulley排水沟 drainage trench沟盖板 trench cover活动盖板 removable cover plate集水坑 sump pit孔翻边 hole up stand电缆沟 cable trenchh. DOORS,GLASS,WINDOWS & IRONMONGERY(HARDWARE)门、玻璃、窗及五金件木 (钢)门 wooden (steel) door镶板门 panelled door夹板门 plywood door铝合金门 aluminum alloy door卷帘门 roller shutter door弹簧门 swing door推拉门 sliding door平开门 side-hung door折叠门 folding door旋转门 revolving door玻璃门 glazed door密闭门 air-Tight door保温门 thermal insulating door镀锌铁丝网门 galvanized steel wire mesh door防火门 fire door(大门上的)小门 wicket门框 door frame门扇 door leaf门洞 door opening结构开洞 structural opening单扇门 single door双扇门 double door疏散门 emergency door纱门 screen door门槛 door sill门过梁 door lintel上冒头 top rail下冒头 bottom rail门边木 stile门樘侧料 side jumb槽口 notch木窗 wooden window钢窗 steel window铝合金窗 aluminum alloy window百叶窗 (通风为主) sun-bind, louver (louver, shutter, blind)塑钢窗 plastic steel window空腹钢窗 hollow steel window固定窗 fixed window平开窗 side-hung window推拉窗 sliding window气窗 transom上悬窗 top-hung window中悬窗 center-pivoted window下悬窗 hopper window活动百叶窗 adjustable louver天窗 skylight老虎窗 dormer window密封双层玻璃 sealed double glazing 钢筋混凝土过梁 reinforced concrete lintel钢筋砖过梁 reinforced brick lintel 窗扇 casement sash窗台 window sill窗台板 window board窗中梃 mullion窗横木 mutin窗边木 stile压缝条 cover mould窗帘盒 curtain box合页(铰链) hinge (butts)转轴 pivot长脚铰链 parliament hinge闭门器 door closer地弹簧 floor closer插销 bolt门锁 door lock拉手 pull链条 chain门钩 door hanger碰球 ball latch窗钩 window catch暗插销 insert bolt电动开关器 electric opener平板玻璃 plate glass夹丝玻璃 wire glass透明玻璃 clear glass毛玻璃(磨砂玻璃) ground glass (frosted glass)防弹玻璃 bullet-proof glass石英玻璃 quartz glass吸热玻璃 heat absorbing glass磨光玻璃 polished glass着色玻璃 pigmented glass玻璃瓦 glass tile玻璃砖 glass block有机玻璃 organic glassI. STAIRCASE, LANDING & LIFT (ELEVATOR) 楼梯、休息平台及电梯楼梯 stair楼梯间 staircase疏散梯 emergency stair旋转梯 spiral stair (circular stair) 吊车梯 crane ladder直爬梯 vertical ladder踏步 step扇形踏步 winder (wheel step)踏步板 tread档步板 riser踏步宽度 tread width防滑条 non-slip insert (strips)栏杆 railing (balustrade)平台栏杆 platform railing吊装孔栏杆 railing around mounting hole 扶手 handrail梯段高度 height of flight防护梯笼 protecting cage (safety cage) 平台 landing (platform)操作平台 operating platform装卸平台 platform for loading & unloading楼梯平台 stair landing客梯 passenger lift货梯 goods lift客/货两用梯 goods/passenger lift液压电梯 hydraulic lift自动扶梯 escalator观光电梯 observation elevator电梯机房 lift mortar room电梯坑 lift pit电梯井道 lift shaftj. BUILDING MATERIAL WORDS AND PHRASES 建筑材料词汇及短语Bricks and Tiles 砖和瓦红砖 red brick粘土砖 clay brick瓷砖 glazed brick (ceramic tile)防火砖 fire brick空心砖 hollow brick面砖 facing brick地板砖 flooring tile缸砖 clinkery brick马赛克 mosaic陶粒混凝土 ceramsite concrete琉璃瓦 glazed tile脊瓦 ridge tile石棉瓦 asbestos tile (shingle)波形石棉水泥瓦 corrugated asbestos cement sheetLime, Sand and Stone 灰、砂和石 石膏 gypsum大理石 marble汉白玉 white marble花岗岩 granite碎石 crushed stone毛石 rubble蛭石 vermiculite珍珠岩 pearlite水磨石 terrazzo卵石 cobble砾石 gravel粗砂 course sand中砂 medium sand细砂 fine sandCement, Mortar and Concrete 水泥、砂浆和混凝土波特兰水泥(普通硅酸盐水泥) Portland cement硅酸盐水泥 silicate cement火山灰水泥 pozzolana cement白水泥 white cement水泥砂浆 cement mortar石灰砂浆 lime mortar水泥石灰砂浆(混合砂浆) cement-lime mortar保温砂浆 thermal mortar防水砂浆 water-proof mortar耐酸砂浆 acid-resistant mortar耐碱砂浆 alkaline-resistant mortar沥青砂浆 bituminous mortar纸筋灰 paper strip mixed lime mortar 麻刀灰 hemp cut lime mortar灰缝 mortar joint素混凝土 plain concrete钢筋混凝土 reinforced concrete轻质混凝土 lightweight concrete细石混凝土 fine aggregate concrete沥青混凝土 asphalt concrete泡沫混凝土 foamed concrete炉渣混凝土 cinder concreteFacing And Plastering Materials 饰面及粉刷材料水刷石 granitic plaster斩假石 artificial stone刷浆 lime wash可赛银 casein大白浆 white wash麻刀灰打底 hemp cuts and lime as base 喷大白浆两道 sprayed twice with white wash分格抹水泥砂浆 cement mortar plaster sectioned板条抹灰 lath and plasterAsphalt(Bitumen) and Asbestos 沥青和石棉沥青卷材 asphalt felt沥青填料 asphalt filler沥青胶泥 asphalt grout冷底子油 adhesive bitumen primer沥青玛啼脂 asphaltic mastic沥青麻丝 bitumastic oakum石棉板 asbestos sheet石棉纤维 asbestos fiber Timber 木材裂缝 crack透裂 split环裂 shake干缩 shrinkage翘曲 warping原木 log圆木 round timber方木 square timber板材 plank木条 batten板条 lath木板 board红松 red pine白松 white pine落叶松 deciduous pine 云杉 spruce柏木 cypress白杨 white poplar桦木 birch冷杉 fir栎木 oak榴木 willow榆木 elm杉木 cedar柚木 teak樟木 camphor wood防腐处理的木材 preservative-treated lumber胶合板 plywood三(五)合板 3(5)-plywood企口板 tongued and grooved board层夹板 laminated plank胶合层夹木材 glue-laminated lumber 纤维板 fiber-board竹子 bambooMetallic Materials 金属材料黑色金属 ferrous metal圆钢 steelbBar方钢 square steel扁钢 steel strap,flat steel型钢 steel section (shape)槽钢 channel角钢 angle steel等边角钢 equal-leg angle不等边角钢 unequal-leg angle工字钢 I-beam宽翼缘工字钢 wide flange I-beam丁( 之)字钢 T-bar (Z-bar)冷弯薄壁型钢 light gauge cold-formed steel shape热轧 hot-rolled冷轧 cold-rolled冷拉 cold-drawn冷压 cold-pressed合金钢 alloy steel钛合金 titanium alloy不锈钢 stainless steel竹节钢筋 corrugated steel bar 变形钢筋 deformed bar光圆钢筋 plain round bar钢板 steel plate薄钢板 thin steel plate低碳钢 low carbon steel冷弯 cold bending钢管 steel pipe (tube)无缝钢管 seamless steel pipe 焊接钢管 welded steel pipe黑铁管 iron pipe镀锌钢管 galvanized steel pipe 铸铁 cast iron生铁 pig iron熟铁 wrought iron镀锌铁皮 galvanized steel sheet镀锌铁丝 galvanized steel wire钢丝网 steel wire mesh多孔金属网 expanded metal锰钢 managanese steel高强度合金钢 high strength alloy steel Non-Ferrous Metal 有色金属金 gold白金 platinum铜 copper黄铜 brass青铜 bronze银 silver铝 aluminum铅 leadAnti-Corrosion Materials 防腐蚀材料聚乙烯 polythene, polyethylene尼龙 nylon聚氯乙烯 PVC (polyvinyl chloride) 聚碳酸酯 polycarbonate聚苯乙烯 polystyrene丙烯酸树酯 acrylic resin乙烯基酯 vinyl ester橡胶内衬 rubber lining氯丁橡胶 neoprene沥青漆 bitumen paint环氧树脂漆 epoxy resin paint氧化锌底漆 zinc oxide primer防锈漆 anti-rust paint耐酸漆 acid-resistant paint耐碱漆 alkali-resistant paint水玻璃 sodium silicate树脂砂浆 resin-bonded mortar环氧树脂 epoxy resinBuilding Hardware 建筑五金钉子 nails螺纹屋面钉spiral-threaded roofing nail 环纹石膏板钉 annular-ring gypsum board nail螺丝 screws平头螺丝 flat-head screw螺栓 bolt普通螺栓 commercial bolt高强螺栓 high strength bolt预埋螺栓 insert bolt胀锚螺栓 cinch bolt垫片 washerPaint 油漆底漆 primer防锈底漆 rust-inhibitive primer防腐漆 anti-corrosion paint调和漆 mixed paint无光漆 flat paint透明漆 varnish银粉漆 aluminum paint磁漆 enamel paint干性油 drying oil稀释剂 thinner焦油 tar沥青漆 asphalt paint桐油 tung oil, Chinese wood oil红丹 red lead铅油 lead oil腻子 puttyk. OTHER ARCHITECTURAL TERMS 其它建筑术语Discipline 专业建筑 architecture土木 civil给排水 water supply and drainage总图 plot plan采暖通风 H.V.A.C (heating、ventilation and air conditioning)电力供应 electric power supply电气照明 electric lighting电讯 telecommunication仪表 instrument热力供应 heat power supply动力 mechanical power工艺 process technology管道 pipingConventional Terms 一般通用名词建筑原理 architectonics建筑形式 architectural style民用建筑 civil architecture城市建筑 urban architecture农村建筑 rural architecture农业建筑 farm building工业建筑 industrial building重工业的 heavy industrial轻工业的 light industrial古代建筑 ancient architecture现代建筑 modern architecture标准化建筑 standardized buildings 附属建筑 auxiliary buildings城市规划 city planning厂区内 within site厂区外 offsite封闭式 closed type开敞式 open type半开敞式 semi-open type模数制 modular system单位造价 unit cost概算 preliminary estimate承包商 constructor, contractor 现场 site扩建 extension改建 reconstruction防火 fire-prevention防震 aseismatic, quake-proof防腐 anti-corrosion防潮 dump-proof防水 water-proof防尘 dust-proof防锈 rust-proof车流量 traffic volume货流量 freight traffic volume 人流量 pedestrian volume透视图 perspective drawing建筑模型 building model Architectural Physics 建筑物理 照明 illumination照度 degree of illumination 亮度 brightness日照 sunshine天然采光 natural lighting 光强 light intensity侧光 side light顶光 top light眩光 glaze方位角 azimuth辐射 radiation对流 convection传导 conduction遮阳 sun-shade保温 thermal insulation恒温 constant temperature恒湿 constant humidity噪音 noise隔音 sound-proof吸音 sound absorption露点 dew point隔汽 vapor-proofName Of Professional role 职务名称 项目经理 project manager (PM)设计经理 design manager首席建筑师 principal architect总工程师 chief engineer土木工程师 civil engineer工艺工程师 process engineer电气工程师 electrical engineer机械工程师 mechanical engineer计划工程师 planning engineer助理工程师 assistant engineer实习生 probationer专家 specialist, expert制图员 draftsman技术员 technicianDrafting 制图总说明 general specification工程说明 project specification采用标准规范目录 list of standards and specification adopted图纸目录 list of drawings平面图 plan局部放大图 detail with enlarged scale ．．．平面示意图 schematic plan of... ．．．平剖面图 sectional plan of... 留孔平面图 plan of provision of holes剖面 section纵剖面 longitudinal section横剖面 cross (transverse) section立面 elevation正立面 front elevation透视图 perspective drawing侧立面 side elevation背立面 back elevation详图 detail drawings典型节点 typical detail节点号 detail No.首页 front page图纸目录及说明 list of contents and description图例 legend示意图 diagram草图 sketch荷载简图 load diagram流程示意图 flow diagram标准图 standard drawing．．．布置图 layout of ...地形图 topographical map土方工程图 earth-work drawing展开图 developed drawing模板图 formwork drawing配筋 arrangement of reinforcement表格 tables工程进度表 working schedule技术经济指标 technical and economical index建、构筑物一览表 list of buildings and structures编号 coding序列号 serial No.行和栏 rows and columns备注 remarks等级 grade直线 straight Line曲线 curves曲折线 zigzag line虚线 dotted line实线 solid line影线 hatching line点划线 dot and dash line 轴线 axis等高线 contour Line中心线 center Line双曲线 hyperbola抛物线 parabola切线 tangent Line尺寸线 dimension Line园形 round环形 annular方形 square矩形 rectangle平行四边形 parallelogram 三角形 triangle五角形 pentagon六角形 hexagon八角形 octagon梯形 trapezoid圆圈 circle弓形 sagment扇形 sector球形的 spherical抛物面 paraboloid圆锥形 cone椭圆形 ellipse, oblong面积 area体积 volume容量 capacity重量 weight质量 mass力 force米 meter厘米 centimeter毫米 millimeter公顷 hectate牛顿/平方米 Newton/square meter千克/立方米 kilogram/cubic meter 英尺 foot英寸 inch磅 pound吨 ton加仑 gallon千磅 kip平均尺寸 average dimension变尺寸 variable dimension外形尺寸 overall dimension展开尺寸 developed dimension内径 inside diameter外径 outside diameter净重 net weight毛重 gross weight数量 quantity百分比 percentage净空 clearance净高 headroom净距 clear distance净跨 clear span截面尺寸 sectional dimension 开间 bay进深 depth单跨 single span双跨 double span多跨 multi-span标高 elevation, level绝对标高 absolute elevation 设计标高 designed elevation 室外地面标高 ground elevation 室内地面标高 floor elevation 柱网 column grid坐标 coordinate厂区占地 site area使用面积 usable area辅助面积 service area通道面积 passage area管架 pipe rack管廊 pipeline gallery架空管线 overhead pipeline排水沟 drain ditch集水坑 sump pit喷泉 fountain地漏 floor drain消火栓 fire hydrant灭火器 fire extinguisher二氧化碳灭火器 carbon dioxide extinguisher火器 halon extinguisher 卤代烷灭烷灭火。

英文介绍建筑材料的作文英文回答：When it comes to building materials, there are various options available in the market. Each material has its own unique properties and advantages. In this essay, I will introduce three commonly used building materials: concrete, steel, and timber.Concrete is a versatile and durable material that is widely used in construction. It is made by mixing cement, sand, gravel, and water. One of the benefits of using concrete is its strength and stability. It can withstand heavy loads and is resistant to fire and weather conditions. For example, when building a high-rise building, concreteis often used for its ability to support the weight of the structure. Additionally, concrete is a good insulator,which helps in regulating the temperature inside the building. However, one drawback of using concrete is thatit takes time to cure and harden, which can delay theconstruction process.Steel is another popular building material due to its strength and flexibility. It is commonly used in the construction of bridges, skyscrapers, and other large structures. Steel is known for its high tensile strength, which means it can withstand heavy loads without bending or breaking. For instance, when building a suspension bridge, steel cables are used to support the weight of the bridge deck. Moreover, steel is a sustainable material as it can be recycled and reused. However, steel is susceptible to corrosion, especially in coastal areas where there is exposure to saltwater.Timber is a traditional building material that is still widely used today. It is derived from trees and offers a natural and warm aesthetic to buildings. Timber is lightweight, easy to work with, and has good insulation properties. For example, when constructing a wooden house, timber is often used for its ability to provide a cozy and comfortable living environment. Additionally, timber is a renewable resource and has a lower carbon footprintcompared to other building materials. However, timber is prone to rotting and insect infestation, which requires regular maintenance and treatment.中文回答：说到建筑材料，市场上有各种各样的选择。

原材料英语翻译原材料是指用于生产加工的物质，是生产过程中的最基本的物质形式。

在工业生产中，原材料的选择和利用对产品的质量和性能有着至关重要的影响。

因此，准确翻译原材料的英文名称对于工程技术人员来说至关重要。

首先，我们来看一些常见原材料的英语翻译。

例如，钢材在英文中是steel，水泥是cement，铝材是aluminum，铜材是copper，塑料是plastic，玻璃是glass等等。

这些都是我们在工程生产中经常会用到的原材料，因此熟练掌握它们的英语翻译是非常必要的。

其次，需要注意的是一些特殊原材料的英语翻译。

比如，混凝土在英文中是concrete，砖块是brick，石膏是gypsum，砂浆是mortar，钢筋是rebar，玻璃纤维是fiberglass等等。

这些原材料在工程建筑中常常会用到，因此对于工程技术人员来说，熟练掌握它们的英语翻译同样是非常重要的。

另外，一些化工原材料的英语翻译也是我们需要重点关注的。

比如，乙烯在英文中是ethylene，苯乙烯是styrene，丙烯是propylene，聚乙烯是polyethylene，聚丙烯是polypropylene，聚氯乙烯是polyvinyl chloride等等。

这些化工原材料在工业生产中占据着非常重要的地位，因此熟练掌握它们的英语翻译对于工程技术人员来说也是至关重要的。

总之，准确翻译原材料的英文名称对于工程技术人员来说是非常重要的。

只有熟练掌握了这些原材料的英语翻译，我们才能更好地进行工程生产，确保产品的质量和性能。

因此，希望大家能够重视起来，多加练习，提高自己的英语水平，为工程技术工作打下坚实的基础。

材料类铝aluminum沥青asphalt轻质岗岩alpine rock粗凿boasted ashlars陶瓷ceramic小圆石，小鹅卵石cobble黏土clay碎砾石crushed gravel碎石混凝土crushed stone concrete 碎石crushed stone石灰cement陶瓷，瓷釉enamel磨砂玻璃frosted glass砂岩sandstone彩釉玻璃glazed colored glass花岗岩，花岗石granite卵石gravel碎石片gallet地砖材料ground pavement material 轻质板岩light slate灰土lime earth砝石结构masonry张拉膜，膜结构membrane薄膜防水membrane waterproofing 马赛克mosaic灰浆plaster磨光平板玻璃polished plate glass面板，嵌板panel粗琢方石rusticated ashlars粗毛石rough rubble钢筋reinforcement材质material焦麻绳abaca rope纯黑麻absolute black通风温泉喷嘴aerated spa jets碎石层aggregate碎石排水层aggregates drainage layer 铝玻璃框架aluminum glass frame锚栓anchor bolt（亭）尖顶apex铺装材料paving material钢条bars 板条，木条batten织篮式basket weave pattern错缝式running bound pattern沙滩岩beach sand埋头铆钉blind rivet螺栓与帽bolt and nut毛石boulder rock接缝boarders & bond黄铜铰链brass hinge黄铜收边brass capping拖架bracket瓷砖ceramic tiles水泥砂浆面层cement and sand screeding 碎片chip石材饰面cladding压实次层compacted subgrade混凝土露头砖concrete header混凝土压顶concrete capital檐口cornice顶盖coping枕梁corbel碎拼crazy cut路牙，路缘curb阴沟，水道culvert梢钉dowel排水孔drain hole嵌入embed雕花的engraved砂岩sandstone伸缩螺栓expansion bolt橼rafter饰面finish水体过滤，净化系统filtration system烧面flamed finish光面polished finish亚光面honed finish荔枝面lychee finish蘑菇面mushroom finish斧剁面hammered finish自然面natural cleft径切面radial cut泛光照明floodlight钉板条furring光滑的glazed格子grille植草格grass ring paver植草砖grass concrete paver篦子grating分格线groove灌浆凝固grout set鱼骨形herringbone中空hollow压层的laminated石灰石limestone无光漆matt finish网丝mesh软钢mild steel水洗石pebble washout基架底座pedestal素水泥石膏plain plastered cement素水泥油漆面plain cement painted finish 厚木板支架plank种植槽planter石膏plaster树脂玻璃polycarbonate柱基，方形底座plinth夹板，合板plywood涂粉powder-coated预制线条pre-cast moulding檩purlin塔，水塔pylon浮雕relief波纹玻璃rippled glass屋脊ridge河石river stone纯灰麻royal gray黄锈石rustic yellow喷砂sand blast砂石基层/垫层sand base/bedding锯面sawn锯齿状的saw-toothed硅石，硅土silica喷漆面spray painted长钉spike灰泥stucco明沟排水swale管状的tubular螺丝扣turnbuckle 草皮turf梯级，踏板tread陶瓦terra cotta强化玻璃tempered glass膜结构tensile structure壁板wainscoting设施设备类门廊atrium走道，过道aisle道路avenue通道，入口艺术墙access画廊art gallery拱顶arch拱门archway拱廊，拱廊街道arcade轴线axis沟渠，导水管aqueduct小巷alleyway栏杆balustrade/railing座椅bench阳台balcony板梁plate beam承重墙bearing wall挡土墙retaining wall地下车库basement parking小平台berm幕墙curtain wall小瀑布，叠水cascade走廊corridor内院，院子courtyard张拉膜，天蓬，遮蓬canopy海岸coast儿童活动区children’s playground 纤维板clipboard悬臂梁cantilever天花板ceiling停车场car park地毯carpet自助餐厅cafeteria开垦地，荒地clearage大洞穴cavern旱喷泉dry fountain车道driveway圆顶dome排水沟drain下水道drainage排水系统drainage system放电管discharge lamp入口广场entry plaza电梯elevator自动扶梯escalator屋顶花园roof garden围墙，围栏fence喷泉fountain人行天桥footbridge消防车fire truck家具，设备furniture明沟gutter暗沟ditch山谷valley车库garage门厅，休息室foyer岛island小旅馆inn喷头jet幼儿园kindergarten小亭子（报刊，小卖部kiosk 灯具lamps and lanterns照明设备lighting furniture包厢mezzanine体育场stadium室外平台outdoor terrace 池，池塘pond/pool亭，阁pavilion港口port硬地铺装pavement公共休闲广场public plaza公共广场communal plaza步行街pedestrian street休闲广场区resting plaza屋顶rooftop/housetop桩pile泵pump斜坡道，残疾人坡道ramp 河道riverway 遮阳构件sunbreaking element卫生设备sanitation天窗skylight地平线skyline岸，海滨shore窗框sash楼板，地下室顶板slab楼梯厅stair hall楼梯间staircase主要main/primary次要secondary小品（椅凳标志）street furniture 安全通道safety passageway架子shelf/stand天棚sunshade山塘小溪small mountain stream 下沉广场sinking down plaza人行道sidewalk步行道footpath架空层open floor边界boundary/board组团cluster棋牌区chess space入口entry/entrance出口exit安全出口emergency exit草坪lawn高速公路freeway大道main street林荫大道boulevard花园路parkway标识物marker散步，漫步道promenade岗亭guardhouse水系water system雕塑sculpture风格style比例scale沼泽地swamp花架，花格trellis伞膜parasol广场plaza走道，人行道walkway滨水地区waterfront水景water feature迂回区，回车道roundabout紧急消防通道E.V.A.花钵flower pot树池tree collar人防地下室bombproof basement通风ventilation采光井sunlight well样板房model house草坡grass mound/slope大厅休息室lounge area会所clubhouse环境environment汀步stepping stone后花园shade garden浮亭floating pavilion镜面湖reflecting pond景桥feature bridge曲桥zigzag bridge节点node木平台timber deck组团花园cluster garden硬木廊架treated hard wood pergola小区围栏perimeter fence大门gate/gateway住宅入口空间residential entry courtyard 假山rockwork园林小品garden ornaments眺望台prospect deck植物类观赏树木ornamental tree观叶植物foliage plant观果植物fruit-effect plant指示植物indicating plant主景植物accent plant耐湿植物damp tolerant plant抗风植物wind-resistant plant芳香植物fragrant plant岩生植物rock plant攀缘植物climbing plant地被植物ground cover plant阴生植物shade plant 装饰植物decorative plant绿篱植物hedge plant草坪植物lawn plant花坛植物bedding plant球根植物bulbous plant宿根植物perennial plant水生植物aquatic plant针叶植物needle-leaved plant阔叶植物board-leaved plant松柏植物conifer常绿植物evergreen plant半常绿植物semi-evergreen plant 不耐寒植物tender plant半耐寒植物half-hardy plant耐旱植物drought enduring plant 蔓生植物trailing plant草本植物herbaceous plant落叶植物deciduous plant灌木shrub乔木arbor特大乔木specimen feature tree 开花树木flowering tree绿篱hedge树墙espalier修剪绿篱topiary/clipped hedge 庭荫树shade tree园景树specimen tree行道树roadside tree花篱flower hedge玫瑰花rose郁金香tulip凤仙花balsam美人蕉canna百合花lily茉莉jasmine香豌豆花sweet pea向日葵sunflower大竺葵geranium牵牛花morning-glory大波斯菊cosmos三色堇pansy罂粟花poppy金盏花marigold孤挺花amaryllis银莲花anemone杜鹃花azalea仙人掌cactus山茶花camellia雏菊daisy瑞香daphne木槿hibiscus蝴蝶花iris紫丁香lilac木兰花magnolia榕树banyan垂柳willow金合欢树wattle植物，草木（总称）vegetation 松pine雪松类cedar落叶松larch杜松juniper松果cone柏树cypress竹bamboo黄杨box白杨poplar三角叶杨cottonwood紫皮柳树osier白桦birch枫树maple红杉sequoia冷杉fir铁杉hemlock spruce云杉spruce紫杉yew桉树eucalyptus洋槐locust樟树camphor tree紫檀rosewood乌檀ebony檀香木sandalwood椴木satinwood椴树linden柚木树teak榆木树elm橡树oak银杏树ginkgo 冬青holly椰树coco棕榈树palm tree山毛榉beech苏铁cycad树梢treetop树节knot树干trunk树叶leaf新芽sprout树苗sapling树桩stump树根root树木wood年轮ring植物配置plant arrangement 颜色类黑色black红色red蓝色blue绿色green黄色yellow褐色brown橙色orange粉色pink淡蓝light blue淡绿light green灰色grey松绿色turquoise橄榄绿olive green钢青色steel blue茶褐色dark brown洋红色carmine紫红色magenta深灰色dark grey柠檬黄lemon yellow浅褐色，米色beige深绿色bottle green银灰色silver grey黄褐色olive-brown浅紫罗兰色pale violet灰白色ash grey棕灰色brownish grey亮黄色brilliant yellow浅棕色light brown棕褐色sepia灰白色，米白色off-white设计描述概念conception方案scheme扩初development施工图construction施工配合construction cooperation规划planning设计design景观规划landscape planning总体规划master planning现状分析existing condition analysis施工现场服务construction site service概念设计conceptual design交通体系分析traffic/circulation analysis完成面标高complete level细部设计，细部大样示意图details示意图，表diagram高低，海拔，立面图elevation正面，立面façade/elevation总体发展分析general development analysis 概况general situation总平面master plan城市设计urban design总平面竖向设计general level design总体剖面图general section布置图layout plan图例legend灯光布置图lighting plan平面图plan drawing/plan基地图site/plot plan示意图presentation drawing效果图，透视图perspective铺装示意图pavement plan参考图片reference picture参考标高图片reference level场地布局site layout空间序列space sequence 指定，指明，详细说明书specification手绘草图sketch功能分区functional zoning场地设计site planning植物配置意向图reference picture of planting 街道家具布置意向图Reference picture of street furniture功能分析function analysis风格style理念concept古典式classical传统中式traditional Chinese西班牙式Spanish法式French东南亚风格Southeast Asian Style热带景观元素tropical landscape element洛可可式Rococo style巴洛克式Baroque style现代风格Modern style自然式Natural style新古典主义Neo-classicalism设计框架design framework设计影响design impacts设计质量design quality设计速度design speed细部尺度detail scale景view, scenery, feature园林空间garden space开敞空间wide open space, wide space封闭空间enclosure space主轴线main axis暖色warm color冷色cold colorbubbler。

early curing 早期养护early strength 早硬强度early strength admixture 早强剂early strength cement 快硬混凝上early strength concrete 早强混凝土earth 上地earth and rockfill dam 土石坝earth back pressure 土背压earth banking 土堤earth blanket 粘土防渗层earth borer 土钻earth canal 土渠earth cofferdam 土围堰earth compaction 土壤夯实earth concrete 土混凝土earth consolidation 土壤固结earth core 粘土心墙earth dam 土坝earth embankment 土堤earth excavation 挖土工程earth fill 土堤earth fill cofferdam 土围堰earth fill dam 土坝earth fill timber dam 土木坎earth foundation 土基础earth grade 地面坡度earth mass 土体earth mixtures 土混合物earth moving machinery 土方机械earth moving plant 土方机械earth pigment 土质颜料earth pressure 土压力earth pressure at rest 土静止压力earth ridge 土龙earth sample 土样品earth sheltered home 半土屋earth slope 土坡earth structure 土工构造物earth terminal 接地端子earthen structure 土工构筑物earthenware slab 陶瓷平板earthing 接地earthing electrode 接地电极earthmoving 运土earthquake 地震earthquake acceleration 地震加速度earthquake action 地震酌earthquake allowance 地震容许量earthquake damage 地震损害earthquake dynamic earth pressure 地震土动压力earthquake engineering 地震工程学earthquake epicentre 震中earthquake focus 震源earthquake forces 地震力earthquake induced failure 地震毁坏earthquake intensity 地震烈度earthquake load 地震荷载earthquake magnitude 地震震级earthquake period 地震周期earthquake proofing construction 抗震earthquake region 地震区earthquake resistant structure 抗震结构earthquake resisting house 防地震住宅earthquake response spectrum 地震响应谱earthquake zone 地震区earthwork 土方工程earthworker 控土工easement curve 缓和曲线easily dug rock 易掘岩石eastern style park 东方式公园eaves 檐口eaves board 檐板eaves channel 檐槽eaves girder 屋檐梁eaves gutter 檐沟eaves tile 檐口瓦eaves trough 檐沟ebb 干潮ebullition 沸腾eccentric load 偏心荷载eccentric tendon 偏心钢筋束eccentrically loaded column 偏心载荷柱eccentricity 偏心ecclesiastical building 宗教建筑echo 回声echo sounding 回声测深economic calculation 经济计算economic construction 经济建设economic percentage of steel and concrete 钢筋和混凝土的经济比率economizer cycle 省热装置循环系统economy brick 经济砖economy of labor power 劳动力经济制度economy wall 经济墙eddy 涡流edge conditions 边界条件edge force 边缘力edge girder 边缘梁edge iron 角铁edge joint 边接edge load 边缘荷载edge moment 边缘弯矩edge plate 护边板edge reaction 边棱反力edge stress 棱边应力edge strip of a slab 边沿衬条edge supported slab 边缘支承板edgestone 边缘石edging 缘饰editreception room 接待室educational building 文教建筑物effect of restraint 约束效应effective area 有效面积effective area of concrete 混凝土有效面积effective cross section 有效截面effective depth 有效深度effective flange width 有效翼缘宽度effective grain diameter 有效粒径effective grain size 有效粒径effective head 有效水头effective height 有效高度effective lateral restraint 有效侧向约束effective length 有效长度effective length factor 有效长度系数effective prestress 有效预应力effective reinforcement 种筋effective size 有效尺寸effective span 有效跨度effective storage 有效客量effective stress 有效应力effective thickness 有效厚度effective width of slab 平板有效宽度efficiency 效率efflorescence 泛白effluent 瘤物effort 力egg shaped section 蛋形截面egress 出口ejector 喷射器elastic aftereffect 弹性后效elastic behavior 弹性行为elastic body 弹性体elastic buckling 弹性弯曲elastic center 弹性中心elastic constants 弹性常数elastic curve 弹性曲线elastic deflection 弹性挠曲elastic deformation 弹性变形elastic design 弹性设计elastic equilibrium 弹性平衡elastic failure 弹性破坏elastic limit 弹性限度elastic loss 弹性损失elastic modulus 弹性模量elastic plastic behavior 弹塑性行为elastic rail spike 弹性道钉elastic range 弹性区域elastic reaction 弹性反应elastic recovery 弹性回复elastic restraint 弹性约束elastic shortening 弹性压缩elastic strain 弹性应变elastic strain range 弹性应变范围elastic strength 弹性强度elastic support 弹性支座elastic theory 弹性理论elastic weights method 弹性荷重法elastically supported girder 弹性支持梁elasticity 弹性elastomeric bearing 弹性支承elastomeric joint sealant 合成橡胶接缝料elbow 弯管electric analogy method 电模拟法electric bell 电铃electric cable 电缆electric curing 电养护electric current 电流electric distribution network 配电网electric drainage 电渗排水electric drill 电钻electric fixtures 电气设备electric float 电动式抹子electric heat accumulator 电蓄热器electric heater 电热器electric heating 电力供热electric heating blanket 电加热毯electric heating coil 电热盘管electric heating system 电力供热系统electric hoist 电动起重机electric installation 电气装置electric lamp 电灯electric lift truck 电动起重车electric lighting 电气照明electric panel heating 板式电热法electric power pylon 输电线塔electric pressure 电压electric source 电源electric space heater 电供热装置electric storage heater 蓄电式加热器electric stove 电炉electric tools 电动工具electric traction 电牵引electric water heater 电热水器electric welding 电焊electric winch 电动卷杨机electric wire 电线electrical engineering 电工学electrical insulation 电气绝缘electrical prestressing 电预加应力electrically conductive concrete 导电性混凝土electricity 电气electrification 电气化electro osmosis 电渗透electro thermal curing 电热养护electroacoustics 电声学electrochemical gaging 电化学测定electrode 电极electrode boiler 电热锅炉electrofilter 电滤器electrohydraulic elevator 电液升降机electrolysis 电解electrolyte 电解质electronic computer 电子计算机electronic computer room 电子计算机室electroslag welding 电渣焊electrostatic air filter 静电式空气过滤器electrothermal hardening 电热养护electrothermal pre tensioning 预应力法electrothermal prestressing 预应力法element 元素element of construction 结构组件elementary color 原色elephant trunk 混凝土输送管elevated approach 高架引道elevated flume 高架渡槽elevated road 高架道路elevated tank 高架桶elevating belt conveyor 提升运输带elevating grader 升降平土机elevating scraper 升降式刮土机elevation 立面图elevation drawing 正面图elevation head 位势水头elevator 升降机elevator cage 升降吊笼elevator car 升降吊笼elevator car safeties 电梯车厢保险装置elevator dredger 链斗式挖掘船elevator guide rails 升降机导轨elevator mahine room 电梯机房elevator shaft 升降机井elevator shaft gates 升降机井门elevator stairway core 建筑物中心带elevator well 升降机井eliminator 分离器ellipse of inertia 惯量椭圆ellipse of stress 应力椭圆ellipsoid 椭圆体ellipsoid of elasticity 弹性椭圆体elliptical paraboloid shell 椭圆抛物面型壳elongated aggregate 细长骨料elongation 延伸elongation at rupture 断裂延伸elongation per unit length 延伸率embankment 堤embankment wall 堤墙embedded column 暗柱embedded heating panel 埋入式加热板embedment length 埋置长度embrittlement 脆化emergency door 太平门emergency dwelling 临时住宅emergency exhaust fan 应急排风机emergency exit 太平门emergency gallery 非常出口坑道emergency gate 应急闸门emergency lighting 紧急照明emergency outlet 应急泄洪口emergency spillway 非常溢洪道emergency ventilation 紧急通风emergency water 非常用水emergency water valve 应急给水阀emery paper 金刚砂纸emissivity 辐射率empiric data 经验资料empirical data 经验数据empirical formula 经验公式employers' dining room 职员餐室empty weight 无载重量emptying gate 排水闸门emscher tank 双层沉淀槽emulsified asphalt 乳化沥青emulsifier 乳化剂emulsion 乳浊液emulsion coating 乳胶涂层emulsion paint 乳胶漆enamel 塘瓷enamel covered wire 漆包线enameled brick 涂釉砖enameled tile 釉瓷瓦encased sheet pile 有壳桩encased structures 钢管混凝土结构encastre 端部固定encastre moment 端部固定矩encaustic tile 彩瓦enclose pattern 内部图形enclosing sheeting 围板桩enclosure 围墙enclosure wall 围墙end 终止end anchorage 端部锚具end bearing pile 端承桩end block 末端引线块end cap 管端盖板end conditions 终端条件end contraction 侧方收缩end hook 端钩end joint 端接头end lap 端搭接end moments 端力矩end post 端柱end reaction 支座反力end restraint 端部约束end sill 端梁end span 端跨end stiffener 端部加劲条end thrust 轴向推力end view drawing 侧面图end wall 端墙endless saw 带锯endless sling 环状吊索endurance limit 疲劳极限endurance period 持续运转时间endurance strength 耐久强度endurance test 疲劳试验endurance testing machine 疲劳试验机energy 能energy dissipator 消能装置energy efficient building 节能建筑物energy efficient precast wall panel 绝热装配式墙板energy gradient 能源坡度energy loss 能量损耗engaged column 附墙圆柱engine 发动机engine house 动力车间engineer 工程师engineer's chain 工程测链engineering 技术engineering brick 高强度砖engineering department 技术科engineering development 工程技术发展engineering drawing 工程图engineering requirements 技术要求engineering research 工程研究engineering services 工程设施engineering structures 工程结构engineering supervision 技术监督engineering works 工程建筑物english cross bond 砖头缝错开的英国式砌合english tile 英国式瓦engraving 雕刻enlarged drawing 放大图enlarged toe pile 扩底桩enrichment 增添装饰enrockment 抛石ensemble 总效应entasis 柱微凸线enterclose 通道entering catch 窗插闩enterprise 企业entrained air 携入的空气entrance 入口entrance door 入口门entrance foyer 进口门厅entrance gate 入口门entrance hall 进口门厅entrance lock 入口船闸entrance loss 入口损失entrance ramp 入口坡道entresol 夹层entry head 进口水头entry loss 进口损失envelope 外壳envelope curve 包络曲线envelope wall 密封墙environment pollution 环境污染environmental chamber 环境室environmental design 环境设计environmental engineering 环境保护工程environmental hazards 环境公害environmental science 环境科学environmental system 环境体系environs area 近郊地区epoxy adhesive 环氧尸粘合剂epoxy bitumen material 环氧沥青材料epoxy coated rebars 敷环氧尸钢筋epoxy coated reinforcing bars 敷环氧尸钢筋epoxy concrete 环氧尸混凝土epoxy mortar 环氧灰浆epoxy resin 环氧尸epure 图形equal friction method 均等摩擦法equal lay rope 平行捻绳索equalized heat distribution 热均匀分布equalizer 平衡器equalizing reservoir 均衡蓄水池equalizing tank 倒水箱equalizing valve 平衡阀equation of continuity 连续方程equation of the influence line 影响线方程equilibrant force 平衡力equilibrium 均衡equilibrium conditions 平衡条件equilibrium method 平衡法equilibrium of forces 力的平衡equilibrium polygon 平衡多边形equilibrium pressure 平衡压力equilibrium state 平衡状态equilibrium temperature 平衡温度equipment 设备equipment drawing 装置图equipment ground 设备接地equipment yard 设备堆放场地equivalence 等价equivalent diameter 等效直径equivalent length 等效长度equivalent load 等效负载erecting bill 装配次序表erecting deck 装配用平台erecting jib 装配吊杆erecting mast 装配桅杆erecting mechanism 装配机械装置erecting shop 装配车间erecting tools 装配工erecting yard 装配场erection 架设erection bolt 安装螺栓erection brace 安装用支撑erection by launching 伸展架设法erection column 安装柱erection crane 安装吊车erection diagram 装配图erection drawing 装配图erection equipment 安装设备erection hinge 装配用铰链erection joint 安装接头erection load 装配负载erection loop 安装环erection mark 装配证号erection of house frame 房屋构架架设erection of structural steel 结构钢装配erection of truss 桁架架设erection on trestle 在栈架安装erection practice 安装惯例erection procedure 安装程序erection reinforcement 装配用钢筋erection schedule 安装进程erection scheme 装配方案erection sequence 安装顺序erection site 装配场erection stage 安装阶段erection stress 装配应力erection tower 吊装塔erection work 装配工作erector 装配工erosion 侵蚀erosion protection works 冲刷防护椎erratic block 漂砾error 误差escalator 阶梯式电梯escape 漏失escape canal 排水渠escape gallery 太平通道escape stair 太平梯espagnolette bolt 长插销estimate 预算etching 腐蚀european park 欧洲式公园evaporation 蒸发evaporation basin 蒸发池evaporative condenser 蒸发冷凝器evaporative cooling 蒸发冷却evaporative heat meter 蒸发热量计evaporative humidifier 蒸发式加湿器even load 均匀载荷evenly distributed load 均布荷载examination 甸excavated area 挖掘面积excavated material 挖出物excavated volume 开挖量excavating equipment 挖掘设备excavating tools 挖掘工具excavation 挖掘excavation bottom 挖掘基底excavation depth 挖掘深度excavation works 挖方工程excavator 挖掘机excess 过剩excess concrete 过量混凝土excess heat 余热excess pressure 超压excessive air elimination 过量空气除去excessive elastic deformability 过大弹性变性excitation 激励execution control 施工管理execution scheme drawing 施工计划图exfoliation 剥落exhast duct 排风道exhaust air 排出空气exhaust damper 排气第板exhaust fan 排气机exhaust flue 烟道exhaust funnel 排气筒exhaust grille 排气格栅exhaust hood 排风罩exhaust opening 排气口exhaust plant 排气装置exhaust shaft 排气井exhaust system 排气系统exhaust valve 排气阀exhaust ventilation 排气通风exhauster 排气机exhibition building 展览馆exhibition hall 展览厅exit 出口exit loss 出口水头损失exit opening 屋顶出口exit ramp 出口坡道exit route 应急通路expanded blast furnace slag 膨胀高炉矿渣expanded bore pile 扩底桩expanded cement 膨胀水泥expanded clay 膨胀粘土expanded column head 扩头柱expanded glass 泡沫玻璃expanded perlite 膨胀珍珠岩expanded plastics 泡沫塑料expanded polyurethane 泡沫聚氨基甲酸乙酯expanded rubber 海棉橡胶expanded shale 膨胀页岩expanded slag concrete 膨胀矿渣混凝土expanded slate 膨胀页岩expanding 扩张expanding vault 圆锥形弓窿expansion 膨胀expansion agent 膨胀剂expansion and contraction joint 伸缩缝expansion bearing 活动支座expansion bend 膨缩弯管expansion bolt 伸缩螺栓expansion cistern 膨胀水箱expansion crack 膨胀裂纹expansion joint 膨缝expansion joint cover 伸缩接头复盖expansion loop 补偿器expansion rollers 活动支承滚柱expansion strip 伸缩缝嵌条expansion tank 膨胀箱expansion vessel 膨胀箱expansive cement 膨胀水泥expansive concrete 膨胀混凝土expansive soil 膨胀土experiment 试验experimental area 试验场experimental data 试验数据experimental facilities 实验装置experimental furnace 实验炉experimental material 试验材料experimental plant 实验工厂experimental shop 试制车间expert 专家explanatory note 注释exploded view 分解图explosion 爆发explosion action 爆炸酌explosion proof luminaire 防爆灯explosion proof wiring 防爆配线explosive dust 爆炸性粉尘exponent 指数exposed aggregate 浮露骨料exposed aggregate finish 水刷石饰面exposed aggregated concrete 浮露骨料混凝土exposed concrete 露石混凝土exposed masonry 渺砌筑exposed wiring 外露布线exposure 曝露exposure of aggregate 外露骨料express filter 高速过滤器expressway 高速公路expulsion 放出extended life superplasticizer 长期有效的增塑剂extension 延长extension device 延伸设备extension elongation 张拉延伸extension ladder 伸缩梯extension trestle badder 伸缩式栈桥梯子extensometer 伸长计exterior face 外面exterior finish 外面装修exterior house paint 室外用油漆exterior panel 外壁板exterior protected construction 围护结构exterior separation 外部隔距exterior shutter 外部百叶窗exterior stair 外部楼梯exterior support 外部支座exterior type plywood 外装修用胶合板exterior wall 外墙exterior zone 外部区域external air 外气external bownpipe 外部水落管external door 外部门external dormer 老虎窗external force 外力external loading 外部负载external prestress 外部预应力external prestressing cable 外部预拉钢丝束external resistance 外阻力external skin 外部涂层external wall 外墙extinguisher 灭火器extra heavy concrete 特重混凝土extra rapid hardening cement 特种快凝性水泥extra work 额外工作extract 抽出物extract air 抽气extract duct 排气管道extract opening 抽气口extract ventilation 抽气通风extraction of groundwater 地下水的抽出extrados 外拱线extreme fibre stress 最外缘纤维应力extremity 端extrusion chipboard 压制刨花板extrusion particle board 压制刨花板eyebar 环头铁杆eyebolt 环首螺栓。

墙(wall)墙砌块(wall block)墙板(wall board or plate)墙面覆盖板(wall cladding panel)墙涂料(wall coating)墙建筑材料(wall construction material)墙面涂料(wall covering)幕墙(curtain wall)墙的装饰或修饰材料(wall decoration material, wall finish material) 挖掘墙或壁(excavation wall)装饰墙面(decorative wall facing)耐火墙(fire-resistant wall)燃烧和装饰的透气壁(gas-permeable wall)固体内衬墙(solid lined wall)麦饭石墙和地板砖(maifanshi wall and floor tile)墙体材料(wall material)外墙材料(external wall material)内墙材料(interior wall material)高强度不燃烧的砌墙板(walling sheet)墙板(wall panel)外墙板(external wall panel)贴墙纸(wallpaper)隔断墙(space-partitioning wall)太阳能电池的隔音墙(sound barrier wall)防声墙(soundproof wall)墙的抹泥混合物(wall spackling compound)墙结构(wall structure)墙表面(wall surface)墙拉杆(wall tie)防止变形(warping preventing)热老化垫片(hot-aging spacer)吸水剂(water absorbent)吸水吸湿板(water- and moisture plate)水隔离物(water barrier)集水管(water catchment pipe)沙表面水含量(water content)水玻璃硬化剂(water glass harder)水操作管(water handling pipe)抑制和防止漏水(water leakage inhibitor or preventing)校正水表(watermeter)木材外表(wood-like appearance)木-矿物混合料(wood-mineral mixture)木粒板(wood particle board)木-塑料复合材料(wood-plastic composite)透水板(permeable board)透水防止板(water permeation-preventing sheet)水和污水管道(water and sewage pipeline)用的浸渍天然纤维制造法防水剂(waterproofing agent)防水涂料(waterproofing coating)防水组成物(waterproofing composition)防水建筑毛毡(waterproofing building felt)防水膜(waterproofing membrane)防水硬化产品(waterproofing hardened product)防水材料(waterproofing material)防水粉(waterproofing powder)水质防水底料系统(waterproofing primer system)防水屋顶(waterproofing roof)防水密封剂(waterproofing sealant)防水板(waterproofing sheet)防水结构(waterproofing structure)纤维基防水热绝缘板(waterproofing thermal insulator sheet)粘合剂接合木材(wood joining)木材的层压方法(wood laminating)木粉(wood powder)木材的防腐方法(wood preservation)水纯化混凝土砌块(water purification concrete block)减水剂(water reducing agent)避水剂(water repellant)耐水剂(water resistant agent)耐水材料(water resistant material)保水材料(water retaining material)水密封剂(water-sealing composition)水防护材料(water shielding material)止水材料(water stopping material)水可膨胀(water swellable)水龙头节流阀(water tap flow restrictor)水混浊防止剂(water turbidity preventing agent)增强纤维(weight reinforcing fiber)胶接剂(well cementing composition)井壁加固(well wall consolidation)水纯化混凝土砌块(water purification concrete block)减水剂(water reducing agent)避水剂(water repellant)耐水剂(water resistant agent)耐水材料(water resistant material)保水材料(water retaining material)水密封剂(water-sealing composition)水防护材料(water shielding material)止水材料(water stopping material)水可膨胀(water swellable)水龙头节流阀(water tap flow restrictor)水混浊防止剂(water turbidity preventing agent)增强纤维(weight reinforcing fiber)胶接剂(well cementing composition)井壁加固(well wall consolidation)创花-水泥建筑材料(wood chip-cement building material)木片-水泥板(wood chip-cement board plate)木材的清洁剂(wood’s cleaning composition)木材的涂料(wood’s coating)建筑用木柱(wood column)木质复合材料(wood composite product)木材的脱色方法(wood decolorization)木材变色(wood discoloration)木才脱胶(degumming wood)脱木质化方法(wood delignification)木材尺寸稳定性(wood dimensioned stability)木材的染色(dyeing wood)木材染色的助剂(dyeing aid for wood)木纤维板(wood fiber plate)木材的防火剂(fireproofing composition)耐火木门(fire-resistant wooden door)小木片-热塑性树脂复合材料(wood flake-thermoplastic composite)木材的软化方法(softening of wood)木-钢复合材料(wood-steel composite)木替代物(wood substitute)木材的表面浮雕法(surface embossing of wood)木材表面处理法(wood surface treatment)胶合板(wood veneer)胶合板的漂白方法(bleaching of wood veneer)木材废料(wood waste)木材水含量控制剂(composition for controlling the moisture content of wood) 木材的防水剂(waterproofing mixture of wood)木-羊毛水泥板(wood wool cement board)木材的杀真菌剂(fungicide for wood)木纹增强剂(compositions for accentuating the grain of wood)木材边角料(wood scrap)木材的烟熏和蒸汽处理方法(smoking and steaming of wood)木纹图案(wood grain pattern)木材浸渍剂(composition for impregnating wood)木材的保护剂(wood protectant)强化木材(reinforced wood)带有覆盖指示剂(coverage indicator)贴墙纸粘剂(wallpaper adhesive)木材的改性(modification of wood)耐热的木模制品(wood molding composition) 木砂浆基础(wood mortar foundation)。

装饰玻璃 decorative glazing夹层玻璃 laminated glass特种玻璃 special function glass镜子 mirrors有机玻璃 plastic glazing装玻璃用附件 glazing accessories玻璃薄膜 glazing film幕墙 glazed curtain walls金属结构幕墙 metal framed curtain wall半透明墙和屋顶组合件 translucent wall & roof assemblies 结构玻璃幕墙 structural glass curtain walls轻质板材 light board龙骨系统 matel support assemblies非承重墙体龙骨 non-load-bearing wall framing顶棚悬吊体系 ceiling suspension成套内部骨架 interior framing assemblies灰浆和石膏板 plaster & gypsum board石膏板，骨架及附件 gypsum board, framing & accessories 面砖 tiles瓷砖 ceramic tile玻璃玛赛克 glass mosaics装饰石材 terrazzo预制水磨石制品 precast terrazzo吊顶 ceiling吸声吊顶 acoustical ceilings金属吊顶 metal ceilings轻质吊顶 light-transmitting ceilings地面装饰砖石地面 masonry flooring木地面 wood flooring弹性地面 resilient flooring抗静电地面 static control flooring地毯地面 carpet地毯块 carpet tile墙面装饰 wall finishes墙面装饰面层 wall coverings柔性木墙板 flexible wood sheets隔(吸)音绝缘和嵌缝材料 acoustical insulation and sealants油漆及涂料 paintings and coatings涂料 paints着色及透明面层 stains and transparent finishes装饰面层 decorative finishes高性能面层 high-performance coatings阻燃面层 fire-retardant coatings防化学腐蚀涂料 chemical resistant coatings面层胶粘剂 finish adhesives厕所隔断 10155-toilet compartments通风和排气口 10200-louvers and vents壁炉和火炉 fireplaces and stoves指示装置 identifying devices指示牌和公告板 10410-directories & bulletin boards锁 lockers锁和附件 10501-locker accessories & locks遮阳（雨）篷 10536-awnings隔断 partitioins钢丝网隔墙 10605-wire mesh partitions可拆卸隔墙 10615-demountable partitions活动隔墙，屏网和隔板10630-portable partitions, screens & panels采光板 10730-daylighting panels壁柜和衣橱专用制品 wardrobe and closet specialties衣帽架及附件 10914-hat & coat racks & accessories装饰织物 fabrics工艺品 artwork建筑古玩 architectural antiques中国古建筑装饰材料碧饰、壁画 murals墙面装饰品 wall decorations雕刻或雕塑/浮雕饰品 carved or cast sculpture/relief artwork 玻璃艺术制品 art glass箱，柜及台架制品 manufactured casework实验室台柜 laboratory casework展示台柜 display casework室内用品及附件 furniture accessories遮阳板和窗帘 blinds, shades & shutters帷幔和窗帘五金 drapery & curtain hardware电动控制五金-用于百叶、帷幕及窗帘motorized hardware-blinds，shades，draperies家具 furniture敞开式办公系统 open office systems办公室家具 office furniture座椅 seating室外家具 outdoor furniture住宅家具 residential furniture固定家具 fixede furniture座椅及桌子配件 seat and table accessories特殊用途装饰品 special use/decorative furnishings单元房屋 13020-building modules特殊用途房间 13030-special purpose rooms健身房 13032-athletic rooms桑拿浴及设备 saunas & equipment蒸气浴及设备 steam baths & equipment整体浴室 13058-bathroom modules整体厨房 13060-kitchen modules预加工房屋 13121-pre-engineered buildings活动房屋 13136-portable & mobile buildings预制住宅结构 13144-prefabricated residential structures预加工停车场结构 13148-pre-engineered parking structures 游泳池及设备 13152-swimming pools & equipment液体和气体储罐 liquid and gas storage tanks指示器、记录器及控制器13440-indicators,recorders and controllers太阳能系统 13602-solar energy systems平板式太阳能收集器 solar flat plate collectors保安通道和监视系统 security access & survillance。

建筑材料调研报告英语Building Materials Research Report1. IntroductionBuilding materials play a significant role in the construction industry. They are essential for the construction of various structures, including residential and commercial buildings, bridges, and roads. The purpose of this report is to provide an overview of different types of building materials and their characteristics.2. CementCement is a crucial building material used for the construction of foundations and structures. It is a fine powder, commonly composed of limestone and clay, which hardens when mixed with water. Cement provides strength and durability to the structures and is widely used in the construction industry.3. ConcreteConcrete is a composite material made up of cement, aggregates (such as sand and gravel), and water. It is versatile and extensively used in construction due to its durability, strength, and fire resistance. Concrete can be molded into various shapes and is a key material in the construction of foundations, walls, and floors.4. SteelSteel is a widely used building material due to its high strength and versatility. It is commonly used in the construction of beams, columns, and frameworks of buildings. Steel structures are durable and can withstand extreme weather conditions. Moreover, steel is recyclable and environmentally friendly.5. BrickBrick is a traditional building material made from clay. It is known for its strength, durability, and fire resistance. Bricks are commonly used in the construction of walls and paving. They can be manufactured in different shapes, sizes, and colors to suit specific architectural designs.6. WoodWood has been used as a building material for centuries. It is renewable, lightweight, and easy to work with. Wood is commonly used in the construction of frames, floors, and roofs. It provides insulation and has aesthetic appeal. However, wood is susceptible to fire, decay, and insect damage, requiring proper maintenance and treatment.7. GlassGlass is a versatile building material that offers transparency and natural light to the structures. It is used in windows, doors, and facades. Depending on its composition, glass can provide thermal insulation, sound insulation, and safety properties. Glass is also recyclable and contributes to energy efficiency in buildings.8. Sustainability and Green Building MaterialsSustainability and environmental consciousness are becoming increasingly important in the construction industry. Green building materials, such as recycled concrete, bamboo, and sustainable timber, are gaining popularity due to their low environmental impact. These materials minimize energy consumption, reduce waste, and improve indoor air quality.9. ConclusionBuilding materials have a significant impact on the design, function, and longevity of structures. The choice of materials should consider factors such as durability, strength, sustainability, and cost-effectiveness. The construction industry is continuously exploring innovative materials and technologies to enhance the performance and sustainability of buildings.。

建筑材料单词carbonating 碳化处理carbon steel 碳素钢carbonated shrinkage 碳化收缩carbon tetrachloride 四氯化碳cation 阳离子 anion 阴离子cationic emulsifier 阳离子乳液化剂capillary voids (pores) in cement水泥中的毛细管capillary water 毛细管水carbon dioxide 二氧化碳cement 水泥cement clinker 水泥熟料cement fineness 水泥细度cement mortar 水泥砂浆cement resistance to chemical水泥抗化学侵蚀性cement paste 水泥浆cement soundness 水泥安定性cement specifications 水泥规范cement strength 水泥强度cement types 水泥品种cement-water ratio 灰水比characteristic strength 特征强度chemically combined water 化学结合水crack 裂纹chemical property 化学性质chert 燧石 ( 黑硅石 )chloride 氯化物chord modulus of elasticity 弦弹性模量civil Engineering 土木工程clinker 熟料coarse aggregate 粗集料coefficient of permeability of concrete 混凝土渗透系数coefficient of thermal expansion热膨胀系数coefficient of shrinkage 收缩系数coefficient of shrinkage of concrete 混凝土收缩系数compacting factor test 捣实系数试验compaction (consolidation)捣实( 捣固 ) compressive strength 抗压强度computer control system 计算机控制系统cube size 立方体试件尺寸coarse aggregate ratio to fine粗集料与细集料之比composite insulation 复合绝热层component组分 , 成分 , 构件composite 复合 , 合成 , 复合材料composite insulation 复合绝热层composite Portland cement复合硅酸盐水泥concrete 混凝土concrete batching plant 混凝土搅拌站concrete composition 混凝土配合比concrete block 混凝土砌块condensation polymerization 缩聚反应concrete products 混凝土制品concrete pump 混凝土输送泵condensed silica fume 浓缩 ( 凝聚 ) 的二氧化硅烟雾 ( 硅粉 )conductivity 导热性consistency 稠度corrosion of steel in concrete钢筋的腐蚀cost of concrete 混凝土成本cold bending test 冷弯试验cold-laid bituminous concrete冷铺沥青混凝土coal tar 煤沥青coarse aggregate 粗集料coefficient of variation (Cv) 变异系数cohesion 粘聚cohesiveness 粘聚性cold draw 冷拔cold-laid bituminous mixture冷铺沥青混合料cold stretching 冷拉cold working 冷加工colloid 胶体colloidal structure 胶体结构colloid mill 胶体磨compacting factor 捣实因素composite material 复合材料concrete 混凝土concrete mix 混凝土混合料concrete mix proportion 混凝土配合比continuous grading 连续级配cork 软木cork insulation 软木绝热制品creep 蠕变crack 裂缝cracking 开裂creep 徐变crescent ribbed bars 月牙肋钢筋critical aggregate size 临界集料尺寸critical degree of saturation临界饱和度critical stress 临界应力cross grain 斜纹C-S-H 水化硅酸钙crushing test 压碎试验crushing value 压碎值crystallization 结晶(作用) cryogenic behavior 低温性质curing 养护decay 腐朽dense concrete 密实混凝土defect 缺陷deflection 挠度degree of complex flow 复合流动度degree of hardness 硬度degree of humidity 湿度deicing salts action 除冰盐作用design of concrete mix混凝土配合比设计density 密度dense grading 密级配dicalcium silicate (C2S)硅酸二钙disperse phase 分散相dispersion medium 分散介质drying shrinkage 干燥收缩 ( 干缩 ) ductility 延展性durability 耐久性durability factor 耐久性因素dormant period 垫伏期early-age behavior 早期性质early strength cement 早强水泥early wood 早材asphalt cement 粘稠沥青(膏体沥青) asphalt concrete (地)沥青混凝土alkali-aggregate reaction 碱-集料反应bend stress 弯曲应力binder bonding agent 粘合剂binder 结合料blast-furnace slag 高炉矿渣blast-furnace slag cements 高炉矿渣水泥bleeding 泌水性blending method 调和法blender 搅拌器，打浆机bond 粘结Calcium钙，形成层calcium aluminate 铝酸钙calcium aluminate cement 铝酸钙水泥calcium carbonate 碳酸钙calcium chloride 氯化钙calcium ferroalumnates 铁铝酸钙calcium hydroxide 氢氧化钙calcium lignosulphonate 木质磺酸钙calcium lime 钙质石灰calcium oxide 氧化钙calcium silicate 硅酸钙calcium silicate hydrate(CHS) 水化硅酸钙calcium silicate insulat1on硅酸钙绝热制品calcium sulfates 硫酸钙calcium sulfoaluminate 硫铝酸钙calcium sulfoaluminate hydrates水化硫铝酸钙carbon disulphide 二硫化碳ettringite 钙矾石flint 燧石float test 浮标试验floating 刮平flow of cement mortar 水泥胶砂流动度flow value 流值formwork removal 拆模fine aggregate 细集料final set 终凝fire resistance 耐火性flowing concrete 流动混凝土flexural property 受弯性能flexural rigidity 抗弯刚度 (B)fiber reinforced plastics 纤维增强塑料fiber-glass reinforced plastics 玻璃纤维增强塑料fiber cement 纤维水泥fiber insulation 纤维绝热材料fineness of cement 水泥细度fineness modulus 细度模数(M) finishing 抹面( 修整 )fibre board 纤维板fiber concrete 纤维混凝土fine sand 细砂fiber saturation point 纤维饱和点filler 填料final set 终凝fire point 燃点fly ash 粉煤灰fly-ash cement 粉煤灰水泥flash set 闪凝( 瞬间凝结 )flash point 闪点flexural strength 弯曲强度graph 图表、图解graphical method 图解法gravel 砾石、卵石gradation 级配ground quick lime 磨细生石灰grading / gradation 颗粒级配grading curve 级配曲线grain-size refinement 颗粒尺寸的优化granite 花岗石gel 凝胶gel pores 凝胶孔gel/space ratio 凝胶/空隙比gap-graded aggregate 间断级配集料gas concrete 加气混凝土gap grading 间断级配fraction 组分fracture mechanics 断裂力学fracture toughness 断裂韧性free carbon 游离碳free calcium oxide 游离氧化钙fresh concrete 新拌混凝土freeze-thaw resistance 抗冻融性frost action on aggregate骨料受到冰冻作用frost action on cement paste水泥浆受到冰冻作用frost action on concrete混凝土受到冰冻作用frost resistance 抗冻性gypsum 石膏gypsum concrete 石膏混凝土hardening 硬化hardness 硬度high-early strength cement 早强水泥high-early strength concrete 早强混凝土high performance concrete 高性能混凝土homogeneous materials 均质材料hydrophilic and hydrophobic 亲水与憎水hydrated (Portland) cement paste 已水化的水泥浆hydration of Portland cement 波特兰水泥的水化hydration reaction of aluminates 铝酸盐水化反应hydration reaction of silicates硅酸盐水化反应hydraulic cement 水硬性水泥hydraulic pressure 水压力impact strength 冲击强度igneous rocks for aggregateimpact ductility 冲击韧性impact strength 抗冲击强度impermeability 抗渗性，不渗透性impact resistance 抗冲击性impact test 冲击试验impact toughness 冲击韧度initial set 初凝1ime 石灰lime cement 石灰水泥lime stone 石灰石loss of slump of concrete混凝土的坍落度损失low alloy steel 低合金钢macrostructure 宏观结构magnitude of self-stress 自应力magnesium oxide 氧化镁manganese steel 锰钢manual plastering 手工抹浆map cracking 龟裂marble 大理石masonry cement 砌筑水泥masonry mortar 砌筑砂浆mass concrete 大体积混凝土maximum aggregate size 最大集料粒径maximum crack width 最大裂缝宽度maximum density curve 最大密度曲线maximum size of sand 砂的最大粒径maximum theorical density 理论最大密度mechanical property 力学性质membrane curing 薄膜养护metal 金属metamorphic rock 变质岩mica 云母microcracking 微裂缝microsilica 微细二氧化硅(硅粉)mild steel 低碳钢microstructure 微观结构mineral admixture 矿物外加剂mineral powder 矿粉minimum crack spacing 最小裂缝间距mix design 配合比设计mixing of concrete 混凝土的搅拌mixing water 拌和用水mix proportioning(designing )配合比(设计)mix proportions 配合比mix proportion by absolute volume绝对体积法配合比(设计)mix proportion by loose volume现场松散体积配合比(设计)mix proportion by weight 重量配合比mixed base 混合基mixed-in-place 现场拌和mixed process 混合过程mixing time 拌和时间mixing water 拌和水mixed cement 混合水泥mixture 混合料modility，fluidity流动性modulus of deformation 变形模量(EB) modulus of elasticity 弹性模量modulus of elasticity concrete 混凝土弹性模量moisture 湿度,水分moisture absorption 吸湿率moisture content (MC) 含水量moisture condition 含水状态moisture content of aggregate骨料含水量monosulphalte 单硫酸盐monosulfate hydrate 单硫酸盐水化物mortar theory 胶浆理论mortar consistency 砂浆稠度mortar strength 砂浆强度needle penetrometer 维卡仪penetration index (PI) 针入度指数penetration 针入度Particle size 颗粒尺寸particle size distribution 粒度分布pat test 试饼法penetration resistance 抗贯入性percentage elongation 伸长率percentage passing 通过百分率percentage retained 存留百分率oven-dry aggregate 炉干骨料ordinary Portland cement普通硅酸盐水泥ordinary concrete 普通水泥混凝土open-graded mixture 开级配混合料poisson's ratio 泊松比physical property 物理性质phosphate 磷酸盐placing of concrete 混凝土的浇筑porosity 孔隙率portland cement 波特兰水泥portland blast-furnace slag cement 高炉矿渣波特兰水泥portland pozzolan cement火山灰质波特兰水泥portlandite 氢氧钙石pore-size distribution 孔径分布pozzolan 火山灰pozzolanic reaction 火山灰质反应preplaced aggregate concrete预填集料混凝土pumped concrete 泵送混凝土quality 质量，性质quality control 质量控制quality assurance 质量保证quartz 石英quartz glass 石英玻璃quartz sand 石英砂quartzite 石英岩quick lime 生石灰quick set 快凝quick setting cement 快硬水泥quick-taking cement 快凝水泥quick hardening 水硬性水泥quench 水淬，骤冷rapid setting and hardening cements快凝与快硬水泥raw limestone 石灰石ready-mixed concrete 预拌混凝土recycled-concrete aggregate再生混凝土集料regulated-set cement 调凝水泥reinforced concrete (RC) 钢筋混凝土relative density 相对密度resin 胶质，树脂retarder 缓凝剂retarding admixtures 缓凝外加剂retempering 重新调拌revibration 重新振捣rheological characteristics 流变特性sand 砂sand grading 砂的级配sandstone 砂岩sand grading curve 砂的级配曲线sand grading standard region 砂的级配标准区segregation 离析set retarder admixture 缓凝剂set retarding and water-reducing admixture 缓凝减水剂setting time 凝结时间setting of cement paste 水泥浆的凝结setting of concrete 混凝土的凝结shrinkage 收缩shrinkage-compensating concrete收缩补偿混凝土shrinkage crack 收缩裂缝sieve analysis of aggregate集料的筛分析silica fume 硅粉slag 矿渣slump cone test 坍落度锥体试验slump loss in concrete混凝土中的坍落度损softening point test 软化点试验solid／space ratio 固体/空隙比solid-state hydration 固态水化solidification 凝固作用soundness 安定性specific heat 比热specific surface area 比表面积specifications 规范standard specifications 标准规范stiffening of cement paste 水泥浆的变硬standard deviation 标准差standard error 标准误差standard of concrete 混凝土强度standard sand 标准砂standard sieve 标准筛standard test method 标准试验方法static modulus 静弹性模量strain 应变strength 强度strength at 28days 28天强度strength grade of cement 水泥强度等级strength of cement mortar 水泥胶砂强度strength of cube 立方体强度strength of cylinders 圆柱体强度structure high density concrete高表观密度混凝土结构stress 应力stress concentration 应力集中stressed crack 受力裂缝stress intensity factor 应力强度因素stress-strain curve 应力-应变曲线sulfate attack 硫酸盐侵蚀sulfate resisting cement 抗硫酸盐水泥temperature susceptibility 温度感应性temperature shrinkage 温度收缩temperature effects 温度效应tensile strain 拉伸应变tensile strain capacity 拉伸应变能力tensile strength 拉伸强度(抗拉强度) tetracalcium aluminate hydrate水化铝酸四钙test methods 试验方法test sieve 试验筛testing of material 材料试验testing sieve shaker 试验用振动筛分机test load 试验负荷the particle grading 颗粒级配thermal conductivity 导热性thermal contraction 热收缩thermal diffusivity 热扩散性thermal expansion coefficient热膨胀系数thermal insulation material 绝热材料thermal insulation properties 保温性能timber 木材toughness 韧性trial mixes 试拌混合物tricalcium aluminate 铝酸三钙tricalcium silicate 硅酸三钙uncombined CaO 游离CaOVander Wale force 范德华力vapor pressure 蒸汽压力vacuum insulation 真空绝热vapor barrier / water vapor retarder 隔汽层variegated glass 大理石纹Vebe consistency 维勃稠度void 空隙voids detection 空隙的测定voids ratio 孔隙率void in hydrated cement paste水化水泥浆中的孔隙water 水water absorption 吸水率water / cement ratio 水灰比water content 用水量water content (moisture content)含水率( 湿度 )water-lightness 不透水性water repellent admixture 防水剂water-proof 防水的water proofing admixture 防水剂water proofing compound 防水化合物water-reducing admixtures 减水剂water-reducing retaders 缓凝减水剂water-reducing admixture 普通减水剂workability control 和易性控制workability definition 和易性定义workability 工作性workability of ready-mixed concrete 预拌混凝土和易性workability of light weight concrete 轻混凝土和易性workability measurement 和易性测量。

CATIA材料库中英文对照表序号英文中文序号英文中文Construction(建筑材料) 21 Red Carpet 红地毯1 tiling 瓷砖、盖瓦22 Red Leather 红皮革2 Bathroom Floor 浴室地板23 Sponge 海棉3 concrete 水泥、混凝土24 Variegated Blues 有斑痕的蓝4 Dirty Wall 脏墙25 Wallpaper 墙纸5 Floor 地板26 Wallpaper Strip 长条墙纸6 Grass 绿草Metal(金属材料)7 Grate 木栅 1 Aluminium 铝8 Hexagonal Tiling 六边形瓷砖 2 Brass 黄铜9 Kitchen Floor 厨房地板 3 Bronze 青铜10 Marble Paving 大理石面 4 Brushed metal 低碳钢11 No skid 无痕的 5 Chroma12 Old Tile 旧瓷砖 6 Copper 紫铜13 Pavement 人行道7 Eroded metal 被腐蚀的金属14 Pebble 鹅卵石8 Gold 金子15 Plaster 石膏,灰泥9 Iron 碳钢16 PVC 塑料10 Lead 铅17 Road 路面11 Magnesium 镁18 Roof 屋顶12 Nickel 镍19 Roughcast 粗糙的13 Silver 银20 Stone Wall 石墙14 Steel 钢21 Tarmac 沥青15 Titanium 钛22 Turf 草地16 Tungsten 钨23 Wall of Brick 砖墙17 Uranium 铀24 Wall of Castle 城墙18 Yellow brass 黄铜25 Wall of Stones 石墙19 zinc 锌26 White Tile 白瓷砖Other(其它)27 White Wall 白墙 1 Air Camouflage 云28 Wood Floor 木板 2 Amber Mirror 琥珀镜面29 Wood Roof 木屋顶 3 Black Grid 黑色格子Fabrics(纺织物) 4 Black smoke 黑烟1 Alcantara 5 Blue Grid 蓝格子2 Beige Leather 米黄色皮革 6 Bright Plastic 明亮的塑料3 Black Leather 黑色皮革7 Chessboard 方格板子4 Blue Carpet 蓝色地毯8 Cloudy sky 多云的天空5 Blue Leather 蓝色皮革9 DS star 数据装饰6 Blue Jeans 蓝色牛仔10 Epoxy7 Brown Carpet 褐色(棕色)地毯11 Flat Polystyrene8 Brown Fiber 褐色(棕色)纤维12 Glass 玻璃9 Brown Leather 褐色(棕色)皮革13 Grey sky 灰色的天空10 Canvas 帆布14 Ground Camouflage 土地伪装11 Claret Carpet 15 Mirror 镜面12 Dashboard 仪表盘16 Multicoloured Flag 多彩的旗子13 Fabric 布17 Neons Wall14 Feline Skin 猫皮18 Ox B&W Stripes Ｘ向条纹15 Green Leather 绿色皮革19 Ｏy B&W Stripes Ｙ向条纹16 Grey Carpet 灰色地毯20 ＯB&W Stripes Ｚ向条纹17 Honeycomb 蜂窝21 Plastic 塑料18 Leather 皮革22 Plexiglass 胶制玻璃19 Nylon 尼龙23 Rainy Sky 下雨的天空20 Office Carpet 办公室地毯24 Ｒaw Polystyrene序号英文中文序号英文中文25 Rubber 橡胶10 dark green 暗绿色26 Slightly Cloudy 少云11 dull beige 纯米黄色27 Smoked Glass 熏的玻璃12 dull blue 纯蓝色28 Solar Panel 太阳能面板13 dull brown 纯褐色29 Strip Wall 长条墙14 dull green 纯绿色30 Summer sky 夏天的天空15 dull orange 纯橙色31 Sunset 日落16 green 绿色32 Water 水17 grey 灰色Painting(水彩画) Stone1 Aluminium Grey 铝灰色Alabaster 雪白的2 Black 黑色blue onyx 蓝色玛瑙3 Bordeaux Red 葡萄酒红色brown onyx 褐色玛瑙4 Bottle Green 绿瓶子carrare marble5 China Blue 蓝瓷器dark stone 黑色石头6 Dark Grey 黑灰色diamond 钻石7 Dark yellow 黄黑色DS marble 大理石(数据)8 DS black 黑色(数据) emerald 绿宝石9 DS dark Green 黑绿色(数据) flint 打火石10 DS dark red 红黑(数据) granite 花岗岩11 DS Gold 金色(数据) green onyx 绿色玛瑙12 DS green 绿色(数据) ground 土色13 DS Light blue 亮蓝色(数据) italian marble 意大利大理石14 DS red 红色(数据) malachite15 DS yellow 黄色(数据) marble 大理石16 Fire red 火红marble tile 大理石砖17 Gold Metal 金子pink granite 粉红色花岗岩18 Green Blue 蓝绿色pink marble 粉红色大理石19 Grey Blue 蓝灰色sand 砂20 intensive green 深绿slate 石片21 lemon yellow 柠檬黄St remy marble22 light Beige 较亮的米黄色white onyx 白色玛瑙23 Light Green 亮绿色Wood(木材)24 Longchamp Green alpine fir 高山的大树25 Metal Blue 金属蓝bark 箱子26 Metal Green 金属绿beech 山毛榉27 Oil blue 蓝油birch 桦木28 orange 橙色bright oak 明亮的橡树29 Pastel green 绿色蜡笔cedar 西样杉30 purple grey 紫灰色cork 软木31 silver grey 银灰色dark oak 暗橡木32 sunshine orange 阳光橙色elm gnarl 粗糙的榆树33 white 白色fence 栅栏Shape Review india teak 印度?树1 beige 米黄色kingwood 西阿拉黄檀木2 blue 蓝色mahogany 红木3 bright orange 亮橙色oak 橡树4 brown 褐色(棕色) pine 松树5 crisp beige 浅黄色red wood 红松6 crisp blue 浅蓝色rosewood 玫瑰树7 crisp brown 浅褐色scandinavian fir 斯堪的纳维来的枞木8 crisp green 浅绿色teak9 crisp orange 栈橙色timber 木料walnut 胡桃wild cherry 未盛开的樱桃wild walnut 未盛开的胡桃。

建筑材料词汇及短语BUILDING MATERIAL WORDS AND PHRASES 砖和瓦BRICKS AND TILES红砖RED BRICK粘土砖CLAY BRICK瓷砖GLAZED BRICK (CERAMIC TILE)防火砖FIRE BRICK空心砖HOLLOW BRICK面砖FACING BRICK地板砖FLOORING TILE缸砖CLINKERY BRICK马赛克MOSAIC陶粒混凝土CERAMSITE CONCRETE琉璃瓦GLAZED TILE脊瓦RIDGE TILE石棉瓦ASBESTOS TILE (SHINGLE)波形石棉水泥瓦CORRUGATED ASBESTOS CEMENT SHEET灰、砂和石LIME, SAND AND STONE石膏GYPSUM大理石MARBLE汉白玉WHITE MARBLE花岗岩GRANITE碎石CRUSHED STONE毛石RUBBLE蛭石VERMICULITE珍珠岩PEARLITE水磨石TERRAZZO卵石COBBLE砾石GRA VEL粗砂COURSE SAND中砂MEDIUM SAND细砂FINE SAND水泥、砂浆和混凝土CEMENT,MORTAR AND CONCRETE波特兰水泥(普通硅酸盐水泥)PORTLAND CEMENT硅酸盐水泥SILICATE CEMENT火山灰水泥POZZOLANA CEMENT白水泥WHITE CEMENT水泥砂浆CEMENT MORTAR石灰砂浆LIME MORTAR水泥石灰砂浆(混合砂浆)CEMENT-LIME MORTAR保温砂浆THERMAL MORTAR防水砂浆W ATER-PROOF MORTAR耐酸砂浆ACID-RESISTANT MORTAR耐碱砂浆ALKALINE-RESISTANT MORTAR沥青砂浆BITUMINOUS MORTAR纸筋灰PAPER STRIP MIXED LIME MORTAR麻刀灰HEMP CUT LIME MORTAR灰缝MORTAR JOINT素混凝土PLAIN CONCRETE钢筋混凝土REINFORCED CONCRETE轻质混凝土LIGHTWEIGHT CONCRETE细石混凝土FINE AGGREGA TE CONCRETE沥青混凝土ASPHALT CONCRETE泡沫混凝土FOAMED CONCRETE炉渣混凝土CINDER CONCRETE木材IMBER裂缝CRACK透裂SPLIT环裂SHAKE干缩SHRINKAGE翘曲W ARPING原木LOG圆木ROUND TIMBER方木SQUARE TIMBER板材PLANK木条BA TTEN板条LATH木板BOARD红松RED PINE白松WHITE PINE落叶松DECIDUOUS PINE云杉SPRUCE柏木CYPRESS白杨WHITE POPLAR桦木BIRCH冷杉FIR栎木OAK榴木WILLOW榆木ELM杉木CEDAR柚木TEAK樟木CAMPHOR WOOD防腐处理的木材PRESERV ATIVE-TREATED LUMBER 胶合板PL YWOOD三(五)合板PL YWOOD企口板TONGUED AND GROOVED BOARD层夹板LAMINATED PLANK胶合层夹木材GLUE-LAMINATED LUMBER纤维板FIBER-BOARD竹子BAMBOO金属材料METALLIC MA TERIALS黑色金属FERROUS METAL圆钢STEELBBAR方钢SQUARE STEEL扁钢STEEL ATRAP型钢STEEL SECTION (SHAPE)槽钢CHANNEL角钢ANGLE STEEL等边角钢EQUAL-LEG ANGLE不等边角钢UNEQUAL-LEG ANGLE工字钢I-BEAM宽翼缘工字钢WIDE FLANGE I-BEAM丁( 之)字钢T-BAR (Z-BAR)冷弯薄壁型钢LIGHT GAUGE COLD-FORMED STEEL SHAPE 热轧HOT-ROLLED冷轧COLD-ROLLED冷拉COLD-DRAWN冷压COLD-PRESSED合金钢ALLOY STEEL钛合金TITANIUM ALLOY不锈钢STAINLESS STEEL竹节钢筋CORRUGA TED STEEL BAR变形钢筋DEFORMED BAR2光圆钢筋PLAIN ROUND BAR钢板STEEL PLATE薄钢板THIN STEEL PLATE低碳钢LOW CARBON STEEL冷弯COLD BENDING钢管STEEL PIPE (TUBE)无缝钢管SEAMLESS STEEL PIPE焊接钢管WELDED STEEL PIPE黑铁管IRON PIPE镀锌钢管GALVANIZED STEEL PIPE铸铁CAST IRON生铁PIG IRON熟铁WROUGHT IRON镀锌铁皮GALVANIZED STEEL SHEET镀锌铁丝GALVANIZED STEEL WIRE钢丝网STEEL WIRE MESH多孔金属网EXPANDED METAL锰钢MANAGANESE STEEL高强度合金钢HIGH STRENGTHALLOY STEEL有色金属NON-FERROUS METAL金GOLD白金PLATINUM铜COPPER黄铜BRASS青铜BRONZE银SILVER铝ALUMINUM铅LEAD建筑五金BUILDING HARDW ARE钉子NAILS螺纹屋面钉SPIRAL-THREADED ROOFING NAIL环纹石膏板钉ANNULAR-RING GYPSUM BOARD NAIL 螺丝SCREWS平头螺丝FLAT-HEAD SCREW螺栓BOLT普通螺栓COMMERCIAL BOLT高强螺栓HIGH STRENGTH BOLT预埋螺栓INSERT BOLT胀锚螺栓CINCH BOLT垫片W ASHER油漆PAINT底漆PRIMER防锈底漆RUST-INHIBITIVE PRIMER防腐漆ANTI-CORROSION PAINT调和漆MIXED PAINT无光漆FLAT PAINT透明漆V ARNISH银粉漆ALUMINUM PAINT磁漆ENAMEL PAINT干性油DRYING OIL稀释剂THINNER焦油TAR沥青漆ASPHALT PAINT桐油TUNG OIL, CHINESE WOOD OIL红丹RED LEAD铅油LEAD OIL腻子PUTTY一般通用名词CONVENTIONAL TERMS建筑原理ARCHITECTONICS建筑形式ARCHITECTURAL STYLE民用建筑CIVIL ARCHITECTURE城市建筑URBAN ARCHITECTURE农村建筑RURAL ARCHITECTURE农业建筑FARM BUILDING工业建筑INDUSTRIAL BUILDING重工业的HEAVY INDUSTRIAL轻工业的LIGHT INDUSTRIAL古代建筑ANCIENT ARCHITECTURE现代建筑MODERN ARCHITECTURE标准化建筑STANDARDIZED BUILDINGS 附属建筑AUXILIARY BUILDINGS城市规划CITY PLANNING厂区内WITHIN SITE厂区外OFFSITE封闭式CLOSED TYPE开敞式OPEN TYPE半开敞式SEMI-OPEN TYPE模数制MODULAR SYSTEM单位造价UNIT COST概算PRELIMINARY ESTIMATE承包商CONSTRUCTOR, CONTRACTOR 现场SITE扩建EXTENSION改建RECONSTRUCTION防火FIRE-PREVENTION防震ASEISMATIC, QUAKE-PROOF防腐ANTI-CORROSION防潮DUMP-PROOF防水W ATER-PROOF防尘DUST-PROOF防锈RUST-PROOF车流量TRAFFIC VOLUME货流量FREIGHT TRAFFIC VOLUME人流量PEDESTRIAN VOLUME透视图PERSPECTIVE DRAWING建筑模型BUILDING MODEL建筑物理RCHITECTURAL PHYSICS照明ILLUMINATION照度DEGREE OF ILLUMINATION亮度BRIGHTNESS日照SUNSHINE天然采光NATURAL LIGHTING光强LIGHT INTENSITY侧光SIDE LIGHT顶光TOP LIGHT眩光GLAZE方位角AZIMUTH辐射RADIATION对流CONVECTION传导CONDUCTION遮阳SUN-SHADE保温THERMAL INSULATION恒温CONSTANT TEMPERA TURE恒湿CONSTANT HUMIDITY3噪音NOISE隔音SOUND-PROOF吸音SOUND ABSORPTION露点DEW POINT隔汽V APOR-PROOF制图DRAFTING总说明GENERAL SPECIFICATION工程说明PROJECT SPECIFICATION采用标准规范目录LIST OF STANDARDS AND SPECIFICATION ADOPTED 图纸目录LIST OF DRAWINGS鸟瞰图ARIAC VIEW平面图PLAN局部放大图DETAIL WITH ENLARGED SCALE平面示意图SCHEMATIC PLAN OF...平剖面图SECTIONAL PLAN OF...平面图PLAN OF PROVISION OF HOLES剖面SECTION纵剖面LONGITUDINAL SECTION横剖面CROSS (TRANSVERSE) SECTION立面ELEVATION正立面FRONT ELEV ATION透视图PERSPECTIVE VIEW侧立面SIDE ELEV ATION背立面BACK ELEVA TION详图DETAIL DRAWINGS典型节点TYPICAL DETAIL节点号DETAIL NO.首页FRONT PAGE图纸目录及说明LIST OF CONTENTS AND DESCRIPTION图例LEGEND示意图DIAGRAM草图SKETCH荷载简图LOAD DIAGRAM流程示意图FLOW DIAGRAM标准图STANDARD布置图LAYOUT DRAWING地形图TOPOGRAPHICAL MAP土方工程图EARTH-WORK DRAWING展开图DEVELOPED DRAWING范本图FORMWORK DRAWING配筋ARRANGEMENT OF REINFORCEMENT 表格TABLES工程进度表WORKING SCHEDULE技术经济指标TECHNICAL AND ECONOMICAL INDEX 建、构筑物一览表LIST OF BUILDINGS AND STRUCTURES编号CODING序号SERIAL NO.行和栏ROWS AND COLUMNS备注REMARKS等级GRADE直线STRAIGHT LINE曲线CURVES曲折线ZIGZAG LINE虚线DOTTED LINE实线SOLID LINE影线HATCHING LINE点划线DOT AND DASH LINE轴线AXIS等高线CONTOUR LINE中心线CENTER LINE双曲线HYPERBOLA抛物线PARABOLA切线TANGENT LINE尺寸线DIMENSION LINE园形ROUND环形ANNULAR方形SQUARE矩形RECTANGLE平行四边形PARALLELOGRAM三角形TRIANGLE五角形PENTAGON六角形HEXAGON八角形OCTAGON梯形TRAPEZOID圆圈CIRCLE弓形SAGMENT扇形SECTOR球形的SPHERICAL抛物面PARABOLOID圆锥形CONE椭圆形ELLIPSE, OBLONG面积AREA体积VOLUME容量CAPACITY重量WEIGHT品质MASS力FORCE米METER厘米CENTIMETER毫米MILLIMETER公顷HECTATE牛顿/平方米NEWTON/SQUARE METER 千克/立方米KILOGRAM/CUBIC METER 英尺FOOT英寸INCH磅POUND吨TON千磅KIP平均尺寸A VERAGE DIMENSION变尺寸V ARIABLE DIMENSION外形尺寸OVERALL DIMENSION展开尺寸DEVELOPED DIMENSION内径INSIDE DIAMETER外径OUTSIDE DIAMETER净重NET WEIGHT毛重GROSS WEIGHT数量QUANTITY百分比PERCENTAGE净空CLEARANCE净高HEADROOM净距CLEAR DISTANCE净跨CLEAR SPAN截面尺寸SECTIONAL DIMENSION开间BAY进深DEPTH单跨SINGLE SPAN4双跨DOUBLE SPAN多跨MULTI-SPAN标高ELEVATION, LEVEL绝对标高ABSOLUTE ELEV A TION设计标高DESIGNED ELEV ATION室外地面标高GROUND ELEVATION室内地面标高FLOOR ELEV A TION柱网COLUMN GRID坐标COORDINA TE占地面积LAND AREA建筑面积COUSTRUCTION AREA容积率CAPACITY RATIO绿化率LANDSCAP RA TIO使用面积USABLE AREA辅助面积SERVICE AREA通道面积PASSAGE AREA管架PIPE RACK管廊PIPELINE GALLERY架空管线OVERHEAD PIPELINE排水沟DRAIN DITCH集水坑SUMP PIT喷泉FOUNTAIN地漏FLOOR DRAIN消火栓FIRE HYDRANT灭火器FIRE EXTINGUISHER地面层GROUND FLOOR外观图EXTERIOR VIEW楼层FLOOR、LEVEL立体图SPACE DIAGRAM天花布置图REFLECTED CEILLING PLAN1#南立面BUILDING NO.1 SOUTH ELEVA TION 1层布置图THE FIRST FLOOR LAYOUT图解GRAPHIC METHOD动画CARTOON设计图DESIGN DRAWING工程流程图FLOW CHART结构图STRUCTURE DRAWING配置图SITE PLAN水电W ATER＆ELECTRICITY施工图WORKING DRAWING空调AIR CONDITIONER透视图PERSPECTIVE DRAWING 室内装璜UPHOLSTER侧面轮廓传略PROFILE家具，设备FURNITURE居家空间名称入口ENTRANCE浴室BA THROOM门厅LOBBY 、HALL起居室LIVING ROOM厕所BA TH厨房KITCHEN盥洗室洗脸盆LA V A TORY餐厅DINING ROOM更衣室CLOSET抽水马桶、厕所WA TER CLOSET主卧室MASTER BEDROOM阳台BALCONY车库GARAGE回廊，走廊GALLERY、VERANDA 储藏室STORE塔楼，凉亭GAZEBO院子，天井、死巷COURT屋前平台、露台TERRACE地下室BASEMENT室内INDOOR、INTERIOR旅馆门厅、休息室FOYER户外OUTDOOR设计用语设计DESIGN尺度、规模SCALE方案PROJECT比例、比率、部分PROPORTION机能FUNCTION统一UNIFY空间SPACE变化V ARIATION场所PLACE律动、节奏RHYTHM造型MODELLING双边、对称BILATERAL外貌FORM从容的、缓慢的EASY舒适COMFORTABLE紧张NERVOUS谐调、融洽HARMONY气氛、基调ATMOSPHERE牵强、不自在STRAINED风格STYLE、MANNER布局、轮廓LAYOUT行为BEHA VIOUR模型MODEL模式PATTERN活动ACTIVITIES路径TRAJECTORY、PA TH城市空间聚会地CROSSROADS小巷弄小径、胡同ALLEY古老的建筑AN ANCIENT BUILDING街道STREET、ROAD、WAY宏伟的建筑A MAGNIFICENT STRUCTURE 历史建筑HISTORIC BUILDING宽敞步道、林荫路BOULEV ARD河道RIVER COURSE地标LAND MARK市集庙会、展销会FAIR;广场SQUARE、PLAZA市场MARKET地铁METRO、SUBWAY博物馆MUSEUM公园PARK、PUBLIC GARDEN市政厅CITY HALL停车场PARKING LOT大百货店EMPORIUM自选商品店SUPERMARKET校园CAMPUS共同组织、小区COMMUNITY扩初设计DEVELOPMENT DESIGN。

有关建筑材料的英语作文Title: Exploring the World of Building Materials。

Introduction:Building materials play a crucial role in shaping the structures that define our cities and communities. From ancient civilizations to modern skyscrapers, the choice of materials has always influenced the durability, aesthetics, and sustainability of construction projects. In this essay, we delve into the diverse world of building materials, examining their properties, uses, and impact onarchitecture and society.1. Traditional Building Materials:Throughout history, civilizations have relied onlocally available materials for construction. Stone, clay, wood, and straw were among the earliest building materials used by ancient builders. Stone, prized for its durability,was employed in iconic structures like the Egyptian pyramids and Greek temples. Clay, readily molded into bricks or tiles, formed the basis of architectural marvels such as the Great Wall of China. Wood, abundant in forested regions, provided structural support for homes andbuildings in many cultures. Straw, a byproduct of agriculture, was utilized for thatching roofs in rural communities.2. Modern Building Materials:With advances in technology and industry, new building materials have emerged, offering enhanced properties and versatility. Concrete, a blend of cement, aggregates, and water, revolutionized construction with its strength and moldability. Steel, prized for its high strength-to-weight ratio, became the backbone of skyscrapers and bridges. Glass, transparent and reflective, transformed the aesthetics of buildings, allowing for striking facades and expansive windows. Plastics and composites introduced lightweight and corrosion-resistant alternatives for various applications.3. Sustainable Building Materials:In recent decades, the focus has shifted towards sustainable building materials that minimize environmental impact and promote resource efficiency. Timber, a renewable resource, has seen a resurgence in popularity for its low carbon footprint and biodegradability. Bamboo, known forits rapid growth and strength, offers an eco-friendly alternative to traditional hardwoods. Recycled materials, such as reclaimed wood, salvaged metal, and repurposed plastics, reduce waste and conserve resources in construction projects. Additionally, innovations in green building materials, such as hempcrete and rammed earth, prioritize sustainability without compromising performance.4. Innovative Building Materials:The quest for innovation has led to the development of cutting-edge building materials that push the boundaries of design and functionality. Self-healing concrete, embedded with bacteria or capsules of healing agents, repairs cracksautonomously, extending the lifespan of structures. Transparent solar panels, integrated into building facades and windows, harness sunlight for energy generation without compromising visibility. Aerogel, a lightweight and highly insulating material, offers superior thermal performancefor energy-efficient buildings. 3D-printed construction materials, ranging from concrete to bioplastics, enable rapid prototyping and customization of architectural elements.5. Cultural and Regional Influences:Building materials often reflect the cultural heritage and regional characteristics of their surroundings. Traditional mud bricks, for example, are emblematic of vernacular architecture in arid climates, where their thermal mass helps regulate indoor temperatures. In coastal areas, buildings may utilize materials resistant to corrosion and saltwater damage, such as stainless steel or fiber-reinforced polymers. Cultural preferences also influence aesthetic choices, with certain materials favored for their symbolic significance or historical resonance.6. Conclusion:In conclusion, building materials form the foundation of architectural design and construction, shaping the built environment in profound ways. From ancient stone structures to futuristic eco-friendly buildings, the evolution of materials reflects human ingenuity and adaptability. As we face the challenges of urbanization, climate change, and resource scarcity, the quest for innovative and sustainable building materials becomes ever more imperative. By embracing new technologies and honoring traditional wisdom, we can create structures that not only endure the test of time but also harmonize with nature and enrich the lives of future generations.。

13建筑工程材料中英文对照表中文英文缩写阀轭Yoke外螺纹阀杆及有阀轭Outside screw & yoke OS & Y阀杆Stem内螺纹阀杆Inside screw IS阀轭套Yoke sleeve阀杆环Stem ring阀座Valve seat Body seat阀座环、密封圈Seat ring整体阀座Integral seat堆焊阀座Deposited seat阀芯（包括密封圈、杆等）Trim阀盘Dise阀盘密封圈Dise seat阀体Body阀盖Bonnet阀盖衬套Bonnet bush螺纹阀帽Screw cap螺纹阀盖Screw bonnet螺栓连接的阀盖Bolted bonnet BB活接阀盖（帽）Union bonnet c ap螺栓连接的阀帽Bolted cap BC焊接阀盖Welded bonnet WB本体阀杆密封Body stem seal石棉安全密封Asbestos emergency seal 倒密封Back seal 压力密封的阀盖Pressure seal bonnet动力操纵器Powered operator电动操纵器Electric motor operator气动操纵器Pneumatic operator液压操纵器Hydraulic operator快速操纵器（滑动阀杆）Quick-acting operator (sliding stem) 正齿轮传动Spur gear operated伞齿轮传动Bevel gear operated扳手操作Wrench operated链轮Chain wheel手轮Hand wheel手柄Hand level (Handle)气缸（或液压缸）操纵的Cylinder operated 链条操纵的Chain operated等径孔道Full bore, Full port异径孔道Reducing bore;Reduced port Venturi port短型Short pattern紧凑型（小型）Compact type笼式环Lantern ring压盖Gland阀杆填料Stem packing阀盖垫片Bonnet gasket升杆式（明杆）Rising stem RS非升杆式（暗杆）Non-rising stem NRS开闭指示器/限位器Indicator/stopper注油器Grease injector可更换的阀座环Renewable seat ring闸阀Gate valve平行双闸板Double disc parallel seat楔形双闸板Split wedge挠性楔形闸板Flexible solid wedge楔形单闸板Solid wedge塞型闸阀Plug gate valve疏通型闸阀Through conduit gate valve截止阀Globe valve球心型阀盘Globe type disc塞型阀盘Plug type disc可转动的阀盘Swivel disc节流阀Throttle valve针阀Needle valve角阀（角式截止阀）Angle valveY型阀（Y型阀体截止阀）Y-valve (Y-body globe valve)球阀Ball valve三通球阀3-way ball valve装有底轴的Thunnion mounted耐火型Fire safe type浮动球型Floating ball type防脱出阀杆Blowout Proof stem蝶阀Butterfly valve对夹式（薄片型）Wafer type凸耳式Lug type偏心阀板蝶阀Offset disc butterfly valve; Eccentric butterfly valve斜阀盘蝶阀Canted disc butterfly valve连杆式蝶阀Link butterfly valve止回式蝶阀Combined non-return butterfly valve柱塞阀Piston type valve旋塞阀Plug valve三通旋塞阀Three-way plug valve四通旋塞阀Four-way plug valve旋塞Cock衬套旋塞Sleeve cock隔膜阀Diaphragm valve橡胶衬里隔膜阀Rubber lined diaphragm valve直通式隔膜阀Straight way diaphragm valve堰式隔膜阀Weir diaphragm valve夹紧式胶管阀Pinch valve (用于泥浆、粉尘等）止回阀Check valve升降式止回阀Lift check valve旋启式止回阀Swing check valve落球式止回阀Ball check valve弹簧球式止回阀Spring ball check valve双板对夹式止回阀Dual plate wafer type check valve无撞击声止回阀Non-slam check valve底阀Foot valve切断式止回阀Stop check valve ; Non-return valve活塞式止回阀Pistonche check valve翻板式止回阀Flap check valve翻转盘止回阀Tilting disc check valve蝶式止回阀Butterfly check valve安全泄气阀Safety valve SV安全泄液阀Relief valve RV安全泄压阀Safety relief valve杠杆重锤式Lever and weight type引导阀操纵的安全泄气阀Pilot operated safety valve复式安全泄气阀Twin type safety valve罐底排污阀Flush-bottom tank valve波纹管密封阀Bellow sealed valve电磁阀Solenoid valve; solenoid operated valve电动阀Electrically operated valve; Electr-motor operated valve气动阀Pneumatic operated valve低温用阀Cryogenic service valve 蒸汽疏止阀Steam trap机械式疏水阀Mechanical trap浮桶式疏水阀Open bucket trap; Open top bucket trap浮球式疏水阀Float trap倒吊桶式疏水阀Inverted bucket trap自由浮球式疏水阀Loose float trap恒温式疏水阀Thermostatic trap金属膨胀式蒸汽疏水阀Metal expansion steam trap液体膨胀式蒸汽疏水阀Liquid expansion steam trap双金属膨胀式蒸汽疏水阀Bimetallic expansion steam trap压力平衡式恒温疏水阀Balanced pressure thermostatic trap热动力式疏水阀Thermodynamic trap脉冲式蒸汽疏水阀Impulse steam trap放汽阀（自动放汽阀）Air vent valve; (Automatic air vent valve) 平板式滑动闸阀Slab type sliding gate valve 盖阀Flat valve换向阀Diverting valve; Reversing valve热膨胀阀Thermo expansion valve自动关闭阀Self-closing valve自动排液阀Self-draining valve管道肓板阀Line-blind valve挤压阀Sgueeze valve呼吸阀Breather valve风门Damper减压阀Pressure reducing valve; Reducing valve控制阀Control valve膜式控制阀Diaphrated operated control valve 执行机构Actuator背压调节阀Back pressure regulating valve差压调节阀Differential pressure regulating valve压力比例调节阀Pressure ratio regulating valve切断阀Block valve; shut-off valve; stop valve 调节阀Regulating valve快开阀Quick opening valve快闭阀Quick closing valve隔断阀Isolating valve三通阀Three way valve夹套阀Jacketed valve非旋转式阀Non-rotary valve排污阀Blowdown valve集液排放阀Drip valve排液阀Drain valve放空阀Vent valve卸载阀Unloading valve排出阀Discharge valve吸入阀Suction valve多通路阀Multiport valve取样阀Sampling valve手动阀Hand operated valve; manually operated valve 锻造阀Forged valve铸造阀Cast valve实心本体的阀Barstock valve（水）龙头Bibb; Bib; Faucet抽出液阀（水阀）Bleed valve旁路阀By-pass valve软管阀Hose valve混合阀Mixing valve破真空阀Vacuum breaker冲洗阀Flush valve根部阀Root valve; Primary valve; Header valve管子（按标准制造）Pipe管子（不按标准制造）Tube钢管Steel pipe铸铁管Cast iron pipe衬里管Lined pipe复合管Clad pipe碳钢管Carbon steel pipe C.S.合金钢管Alloy steel pipe不锈钢管Stainless steel pipe S.S.奥氏体不锈钢管Austenitic stainless steel pipe铁合金钢管Ferritic alloy steel pipe轧制钢管Wrought-steel pipe锻铁管Wrought-iron pipe无缝钢管Seamless steel pipe SMLS焊接钢管Welded steel pipe 电阻焊钢管Electric-resistance-welded steel pipe电熔（弧）焊钢板卷管Electric-resistance-welded steel plate pipe螺旋焊接钢管Spiral welded steel pipe镀锌钢管Galvanized steel pipe热轧无缝钢管Hot-rolling seamless pipe 冷拉无缝钢管Cold-drawing seamless pipe水煤气钢管Water-gas steel pipe塑料管Plastic pipe玻璃管Glass tube橡胶管Rubber tube壁厚Wall thickness WT壁厚系列号Schedule number SCH. NO. 加厚的，加强的Extra heavy; Extra strong 双倍加厚的；双倍加强的Doublw extra heavy; Double extra strong管件Fitting弯头elbow异径弯头reducing elbow带支座弯头Base elbow长半径弯头Long radius elbow短半径弯头Short radius elbow长半径180°弯头 Long radius return短半径180°弯头 Short radius return带铡向口的弯头（右向或左向）Side outlet elbow (Right hand or left hand)双支管弯头Double branch elbow三通Tee异径三通Reducing tee等径三通Straight tee带侧向口的三通（右向或左向）Side outlet tee (Right hand or left hand)异径三通（分支口为异径）Reducing tee (reducing on outlet) 异径三通（一个直通口为异径）Reducing tee (reducing on run) 带支座三通Base tee异径三通（一个直通口及分支口为异径）Reducing tee (Reducing on one run and outlet)异径三通（两个直通口为异径）（双头式）Reducing tee (reducing on both runs)(bull head) 45°斜三通45°Lateral45°斜三通（支管为异径）45°Lateral (reducing on branch)45°斜三通（一个直通口为异径）45°Lateral (reducing on one run)45°斜三通（一个直通口及支管为异径）45°Lateral (reducing on one run and branch)Y型三通T rue "Y"四通Cross等径四通Straight cross异径四通Reducing cross异径四通（一个分支口为异径）Reducing cross (reducing on one outlet)异径四通（两个分支口为异径）Reducing cross (reducing on both outlet)异径四通（一个直通口及分支口为异径）Reducing cross (reducing on one run and outlet)异径四通（一个直通口及两个分支口为异径）Reducing cross (reducing on one run and both outlet)异径管Reducer同心异径管Concentric reducer偏心异径管Eccentric reducer锻制异径管Reducing swage支管连接Branch cinnection焊接支管Stub-in螺纹支管台Thredolet焊接支管台Weldolet承插焊支管台Sockolet弯头支管台Elbolet斜接支管台Latrolet镶入式支管嘴Sweepolet短管支管台Nipolet支管台、插入式支管台Boss管接头Coupling; Full coupling半管接头Half coupling异径接头Reducing coupling活接头Union内外螺纹缩接Bushing管帽Cap C堵头Plug短管Nipple异径短节Reducing nipple 异径短节（外螺纹或无螺纹）Swage nipple 预制弯管Fabricated pipe bend跨越弯管Cross-over bend偏置弯管Offset bend90°弯管Quarter bend环形弯管Circle bend单侧偏置90°弯管Single offset quarter bendS形弯管 "S" bend单侧偏置90°弯管Single offset "U" bendU形弯管"U" bend双偏置U形膨胀弯管Double offset expansion "U" bend斜接弯头Mitre elbow斜接弯Mitre bend三节斜接管3-piece mitre bend折皱弯管Corrugated bend端部连接End connection法兰端Flange end坡口端；对焊端Beveled end , Butt welded end BEV. E平端Plain end PE承插焊端Socket welding end螺纹端Threaded end T E承口Bell end焊接端Welding end法兰连接（接头）Flange joint对焊连接（接头）Butt welded joint螺纹连接；管螺纹连接Threaded joint; pipe threaded joint锥螺纹密封焊连接Seal-welded taper pipe threaded joint承插焊连接（接头）Socket welded joint 承插连接（接头）Bell and spigot joint 焊接接头Welded joint环垫接头Ring joint RJ万向接头Universal joint软钎焊连接（接头）Soldered joint搭接接头Lapped joint外侧厚度切斜角Bevel for outside thickness内侧厚度切斜角Bevel for inside thickness 内外侧厚度切斜角Bevel for combinedthickness法兰式的Flanged FLG对焊的Butt welded BW螺纹的Threaded THD承插焊的Socket welded SW小端为平的Small end plain SEP大端为平的Large end plain LEP两端平Both ends plain BEP小端带螺纹Small end thread SET大端带螺纹Large end thread LET两端带螺纹Both ends thread BET一端带螺纹One end thread OET法兰Flange FLG整体管法兰Integral pipe flange钢管法兰Steel pipe flange螺纹法兰Threaded flange滑套法兰（平焊法兰）Slip-on-welding flange 承插焊法兰Socket welding flange松套法兰Lap joint flange LJF对焊法兰Weld neck flange WNF法兰盖Blind flange; Blind孔板法兰Orifice flange异径法兰Reducing flange盘座式法兰Pad type flange松套带颈法兰Loose hubbed flange板式平焊法兰Welding plate flange对焊环Welding neck collar平焊环Welding on collar管端突缘Stub end翻边端Lapped pipe end松套板式法兰Loose plate flange压力级Pressure rating; Pressure rating class 压力-温度等级Pressure-temperature rating 法兰密封面；法兰面Flange facing 突面Raised face RF凸面Male face MF凹面Female face FMF榫面Tongue face槽面Groove face环连接面Ring joint face全平面；满平面Flat face; Full face FF光滑突面Smooth raised face SRF 法兰面加工Facing finish粗糙度Roughness 光滑的Smooth齿形的Serrated均方根Root mean square RMS算术平均粗糙高度Arithmetical average roughness height AARH管道特殊件Piping speciality粗滤器Strainer过滤器Filter临时粗滤器（锥型）Temporary strainer (cone type)Y型粗滤器Y-type strainerT型粗滤器T-type strainer永久过滤器Permanent filter网状粗滤器Gauze strainer洗眼器及淋浴器Eye washer and shower视镜Sight glass阻火器Flame arrester喷嘴；喷头Spray nozzle喷射器Ejector取样冷却器Sample cooler消音器Silencer膨胀节Expansion joint波纹膨胀节Bellow expansion joint单波Single bellow双波Double bellow多波Multiple bellow压力平衡式膨胀节Pressure balanced expansion joint带铰链膨胀节Hinged expansion joint轴向位移型膨胀节Axial movement type expansion joint自均衡膨胀节（带外加强环）Self-equalizing expansion joint 带拉杆膨胀节Tied expansion joint万向型膨胀节Universal type expansion joint球型补偿器Ball type expansion joint; Flexible ball joint填函式补偿器Slip type (packed type) expansion joint单向滑动填料函补偿器Single action packed slip joint软管接头Piping special element快速接头Hose connection HC金属软管Metal hose橡胶管Rubber hose挠性管Flexible tube鞍形补强板Reinforcing saddles; Reinforcement pad特殊法兰Special flange漏斗Funnel排液环Drip ring排液漏斗Drain funnel插板Blank垫环Spacer8字肓板 Spectacle blind; Figure 8 blind限流孔板Restriction orifice爆破板Rupture disk法兰盖贴面Protective disc碳素钢Carbon steel C.S.低碳钢Low-carbon steel中碳钢Medium-carbon steel高碳钢High-carbon steel普通碳素钢General carbon steel优质碳素钢High-quality carbon steel普通低合金结构钢General structure low alloy steel合金结构钢Structural alloy steel合金钢Alloy steel工具钢T ool steel弹簧钢Spring steel钼钢Molybdenum steel镍钢Nickel steel铬钢Chromium steel铬钼钢Chrome-molybdenum steel铬镍钢Chrmium-nickel steel; Chrome-nickel steel渗铬钢；镀铬钢Chromized steel镀铬的Chromium-plated; chrome-plated不锈钢Stainless steel S.S.奥氏体不锈钢Austenitic stainless steel 马氏体不锈钢Martensitic stainless steel 司特来合金（钨铬钴合金）Stellite 耐蚀耐热镍基合金Hastelloy平炉钢（马丁钢）Martin steel镇静钢Killed steel半镇静钢Semi-killed steel沸腾钢Rimmed steel; Rimming steel; Open steel锻钢Forged steel铸钢Cast steel铸铁Cast iron C.I.灰铸铁Grey cast iron可锻铸铁Malleable iron [M.I.] Nodular 球墨铸铁Nodular cast iron; Nodular graphite iron生铁Pig iron熟铁；锻铁Wrought iron铸件Casting高硅铸铁High silicon cast iron非铁合金Non-ferrous alloy铝Aluminum铜；紫铜Copper黄铜Brass青铜Bronze铝青铜Aluminum bronze磷青铜Phosphor bronze铝镁合金Aluminum magnesium锰青铜Manganese bronze蒙乃尔（镍及铜合金）Monel钛Titanium铅Lead硬铅Hard lead极限强度Ultimate strength抗拉强度Tensile strength屈服极限Yield limit屈服点Yield point延伸率Percentage elongation抗压强度Compressive strength抗弯强度Bending strength弹性极限Elastic limit冲击值Impact value (Number)疲劳极限Fatigue limit蠕变极限Creep limit持久极限Endurance limit布氏硬度Brinell hardness洛氏硬度Rockwell hardness维氏硬度Vickers diamond hardness, Diamond penetrator hardness非金属材料Non-metallic material塑料Plastic丙烯腈-丁二烯-苯乙烯Acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene ABS 聚乙烯Polyethylene PE 聚氯乙烯Poly vinyl chloride PVC 苯乙烯橡胶Styrene-rubber SR聚丁烯Polybutylene PB聚丙烯Polypropylene PP聚苯乙烯Polystyrene PS氯化聚醚Chlorinated polyether CPE 聚酰胺Polyamide PA聚碳酸酯Polycarbonate PC聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯Poly (methyl methacrylate) PMMA醋酸丁酸纤维素Cellulose acetate butyrate CAB氯化聚氯乙烯Chlorinated poly vinyl chloride CPVC聚偏二氟乙烯Poly vinylidene fluoride PVDF缩醛塑料Acetal plastic尼龙塑料Nylon plastic聚烯烃Polyolefin PO石墨酚醛塑料Graphited phenolic plastics聚四氟乙烯Polytetrafluoroethylene P TEE 纤维增强热塑性塑料Fiber reinforced thermoplastics热塑性塑料Thermoplastic热固性Thermoset胶粘剂Adhesive溶剂胶接剂Solvent cement树脂Resin木材Wood耐火砖Fire brick陶瓷Ceramic搪瓷Porcelain enamel硼硅玻璃Borosilicate glass玻璃Glass橡胶Rubber丁腈橡胶Nitrile butadiene rubber氯丁橡胶Neoprene天然橡胶Natural rubber乙丙橡胶Ethylene propylene rubber EPR乙烯丙烯二烃单体Ethylene propylene diene monomer EPDM 垫片Gasket垫片型式Type of gasket平垫片Flat gasket环形平垫片Flat ring gasket平金属垫片Flat metal gasket带棉织物的橡胶Elastomer with cotton fabric insertion带石棉织物的橡胶Elastomer with asbestos fabric insertion带石棉织物及金属丝加强橡胶Elastomer with asbestos fabric insertion and with wire reinforcement无石墨压缩白石棉垫片Non graphited compressed whiteasbestos gasket天然白橡胶垫片Natural white rubber gasket压缩石棉垫片Compressed asbestos gasket浸聚四氟乙烯的石棉垫片PTFE impregnated asbestos gasket 夹石棉的缠绕金属垫片Spiral-wound metal gasket with asbestos filler内环Inner ring外环；外定位环Outer ring波纹金属垫片Corrugated metal gasket 波纹金属包石棉垫片Corrugated metal gasket with asbestos inserted双夹套波纹金属包石棉垫片Corrugated metal double jacketed asbestos filled gasket双夹套垫片Double jacketed gasket金属包石棉平垫片Flat metal jacketed asbestos filled gasket 实心金属齿形垫片Solid metal serrated gasket槽形金属垫片Grooved metal gasket环形连接金属垫片Ring joint metal gasket八角环形垫片Octagonal ring gasket椭圆环形垫片Oval ring gasket透镜式垫片Lens gasket填料Packing石棉绳Asbestos rope; Asbestos cordO型环O-ring自密封Self-sealing四氟带T eflon tap带铬镍合金丝的石棉绳Asbestos rope with inconel wire; inconel wire Asbestos浸聚四氟乙烯的石棉填料Teflon impregnated asbestos packing 金属填料Metallic stuffing填料箱；填料函Packing box; stuffing box 填料函压盖Stuffingbox gland型材Mumber型钢Shaped steel角钢Angle steel槽钢Channel工字钢工-Beam宽缘工字钢或H钢Wide flanged beam T型钢T-Bar方钢Square Bar扁钢Flat Bar六角钢Hexagonal steel Bar圆钢Round steel; Rod钢带Strap steel钢板Plate网纹钢板Checkered plate腹板（指型钢的立板）Web翼板（指型钢的缘）Wing材料表Bill of material BM材料统计Material take off MTO散装材料Bulk material统计材料准确度Accuracy of take off分组（类）形式（如管道等级表）Block form综合管道材料表Consolidated piping material Summary sheet CPMSS材料情况报告Material status report MSR汇总表Summary sheet估算Estimate数量Quantity QTY重量Weight询价Inquiry采购Procurement purchase采购说明Purchase specification订货单Purchasing order采购说明汇总表Purchasing specification summary sheet PSSS 请购Requisitioning厂商报价Vendor quotation预制的Prefabricated编位号的Itemized代码Code number由买方供货By Buyer BB由卖方供货By seller由制造厂供货By vendor BV供应者Supplier制造者；制造厂Manufacturer接续线Match line M.L.中心线Center line ф装置边界Battery limit BL区界Area limit区域边界Zone limit工厂边界Plant limit装置边界内侧Inside battery limitI.S.B.L.设备布置EquipmentArrangement;Equipment layout, plot plan标高、立面Elevation EL混凝土顶面T op of concrete架顶面T op of support TOS钢结构顶面T op of steel TOS梁顶面T op of beam支撑点Point of support POS东East E西West W南South S北North N上Up下Down装置北Plant north真实北向True north方位Orientation危险区划分Hazardous area classification 楼面Floor 平台Platform PF地面Ground level栏杆Hand rail楼梯Stair; stair way直梯Ladder铺砌区Paving area非铺砌区Unpaving area碎石铺面Gravel paving橡皮铺面Rubber paving钢结构Steel structure场地Yard建筑物Building道路Road管廊Pipe rack柱Column; post; stanchion基础Foundation梁Beam斜撑Bracing桁架Girder电缆槽（架）Cable tray (channel)仪表电缆槽（架）Instrument cable tray (duct)墙Wall篦子板Grate; Grating吊装孔Erection opening棚Shelter吊柱Davit净正吸入压头Net positive suction head绝对标高Absolute elevation坐标Coordinate坐标原点Origin of coordinate出口中心线Center line of discharge入口中心线Center line of suction切线Tangent line焊接线Welding line转/分Revolutions per minute RPM控制室Control room洗眼站Eye washer station泡沫站Foam station软管站Hose station H.S.贮藏室Storage room通风室Ventilating room更衣室Locker room变压器室Transformer room配电室Substation维修室Maintenance room办公室Office盥洗室Closet分析室Analyzer room 压缩机房Compressor House (room) 泵房Pump House (room)蓄电池室Battery room盘（操作盘）Local panel电气盘Electrical panel仪表盘Instrument panel塔Tower Column洗涤塔Scrubbr吸收塔Absorder冷却塔Cooling tower精馏塔Fractionating tower换热器Heat exchanger空冷器Air cooler水冷却器Water cooler冷凝器Condenser螺旋板式换热器Spial plate exchanger 反应器Reactor 贮槽Tank缓冲罐Knock-out drum球罐Spheroid spherical tank罐Drum气柜Gas holder螺旋式气柜Helicl gas-holder湿式气柜Wet gas-holder干式气柜Dry gas-holder炉子Furnace烧咀Burner锅炉Boiler火炬Flare烟囱Stack加热器Heater电加热器Electric heater搅拌器Agitator干燥器Dryer混合器Mixer蒸发器Evaporator萃取器Extractor结晶器Crystallizer澄清器Gravity settler喷射器Ejector喷头Sprayer旋风分离器Cyclone分离器Separator成套设备Package unit设施Facilities仪表设备Apparatus附件；附属设备Accessory起重机Crane桥式起重机Bridge crane电动葫芦Motor hoist泵Pump涡轮泵Turbine pump涡流泵Vortex pump离心泵Centrifugal pump喷射泵Jet pump转子泵Rotary pump管道泵Inline pump真空泵Vacuum pump柱塞泵Plunger pump双作用往复泵Double action reciprocating pump计量泵Metering pump齿轮泵Gear pump手摇泵Hand pump; Wobble pump压缩机Compressor活塞式压缩机Reciprocating Compressor 多级压缩机Mutiprocating compressor螺杆压缩机Helical screw compressor离心式压缩机Centrifugal compressor风机Fan鼓风机Blower离心机Centrifuge离心分离机Centrifugal separator离心过滤机Centrifugal filter压滤机Pressure filter发电机Generator汽轮机Steam turbine电动机Motor管道设计Piping design管道研究Piping study管道布置平面Piping arrangement plan PAP管道布置Piping assembly; Piping layout 详图Detail“X”视图View "X"“A-A”剖视 Section "A-A"通用连接图Hook up DWG轴测图Isometric drawing 索引图Key plan通用连接组Typical installation管道及仪表流程图Piping and Instrument drawing P&ID 管口Nozzle连接；接头Connection导管Conduit管品方位Nozzle orientation方向Direction位置Location相交Intersection垂直；正交；垂直的Perpendicular平行；平行的Parallel管顶Top of pipe TOP管底Bottom of pipe BOP沟底Bottom of trench管子内底Invert (inside bottom of pipe) 底平Flat on bottom FOB顶平Flat on top FOT水平的Horizontal垂直的；立式的Vertical上升管；垂直管Riser等级分界Material Specification break隔热分界Insulation break管道等级Piping class管道材料规定Piping material specification公称直径Nominal (pipe) size; Nominal diameter DN公称压力Nominal pressure ; Pressure rating PN等级Class CL磅/平方英寸Pounds per square inch Psi百万帕斯卡Million Pascal MPa管道组成件Piping component管道附件Piping attachment管道元件Piping element腐蚀裕量Corrosion allowance管段；短管Spool piece;Spool直管Run pipe; Straight pipe弯管Bend管件直连Fitting to fitting FTF水平安装Horizontal installation垂直安装Vertical installation面至面Face to face F-F中心至端面Center to Endr C-E中心至面Center to face C-F中心至中心；中至中Center to center C-C对称的Symmetric相反的；对面的Opposite距离Distance坡度Slope工作点Working point W.P.管间距Line spacing管道跨距Line span相当的Eguivalent最大Maximum Max.最小Minimum Min.大约Approximate APPROX面积Area体积；容积Volume VOL管口表List of nozzle接续图Continue on drawing COD界外Offisite地上管道Above ground piping地下管道Under ground piping管线号Line number总管Header; Manifold旁管By pass末经允许不得开启Car seal closeC.S.C.末经允许不得关闭Car seal open C.S.O. 在关闭状态下锁定Locked closed LC在开启状态下锁定Locked open LO常开Normally open常闭Normally closed取样接口Sampling connection伴热管Tracing pipe蒸汽伴热Steam tracing热水伴热Hot-water tracing电伴热Electrical tracing夹套管Jacketed line全夹套的Full jacketed比例Scale图Figure草图Sketch 图例Legen符号Symbol件号Part Number常压Medium pressure M.P.高压High pressure H.P.大气压Atmosphere ATM真空Vacuum工作压力Operating pressure; Woring pressure 设计压力Design pressure工作温度Operating temperature设计温度Design temperature环境温度Ambient temperature度Degree摄氏Centigrade C华氏Fahrenheit F固定鞍座Fixed saddle滑动鞍座Sliding saddle入口Inlet; suction出口Outlet; discharge排出口Exhaust排液Drain放空Vent污水坑（井）Sump pit集水池Catch basin沟槽Trough管沟Piping trench地漏Floor drain小过道Cat walk走道、过道Walk way; Gang way 预留孔Future area人孔Man hole MH手孔Hand hole HH半径Radius R外径Outside Diameter OD内径Inside Diameter ID螺栓圆直径Bolt circle B.C.节圆直径Pitch circle diameter间隙；净空Clearance尺寸Dimension高度；海拔Height厚度Altitude长度Length宽度Width深度Depth千磅Kip米meter m毫米millimeter mm英尺feet/foot ft英寸inch in管架零部件Attachment of support管托Shoe管卡ClampU形夹（卡）C levis锻制U形夹（卡）Forged steel clevis 支耳Lug耳轴Trunnion止动挡块Shear lug托座Stool吊耳Ear带状卡Strap clamp夹板，导向板Cleat可调夹板Adjustable cleat角板，连接板Gusset筋；肋Rib支承环Ring加强板Stiffener底板Basc plate顶板Top plate翅片式导向板Fin预埋件Embedded part Inserted plate垫板（安装垫平用）Shim锚固件；生根件Clip预焊件（设备上）Clip (on epuipment) 聚四氟乙烯滑动板PTFE sliding plate 连接板Tie plate连接杆Tie rod限制杆Limit rod带环头接杆Eye rod连接杆Connecting rod杠杆Lever间隔管（片、块）Spacer滑动吊板（吊架顶部用）Sliding traveller(lor honger)滑轮组Tackle block钢索；电缆Cable木块Wood block鞍座Saddle 裙座Skirt管支架形式Type of pipe support支承架Resting support滑动架Sliding support固定架Anchor导向架Guide限制性支架Restraint限位架Stop定值限位架Limit stop二维限位架Two-axis stop往复定植限位架Double-acting limit stop 定向限位架Directional stop吊架Hanger弹簧架Spring support弹簧托Resting type; spring support弹簧吊托Spring hanger恒力吊架Constant hanger重锤式吊架Counter weight hanger弹簧恒力吊架Spring constant hanger弹簧恒力托架Resting type spring constant support滚动支架Rolling support弹簧支撑架Spring bracing减振器Snubber液压减振器Hydraulic snubber减振装置Damping device缓冲筒（器）Dash pot标准管架Standard pipe support通用管架Typical pipe support悬臂架Cantilever support三角架Triangular support支腿LegΠ型管架Π-type supportL型管架 L-type support柱式管架Pole type support墙架Support-on-wall可调支架Adjustable support管墩；低管架Sleeper特殊管架Special support背对背Back to back钻孔Drill长孔Slot; slot hole放气孔；通气孔Vent hole灌浆，水泥砂浆填平Grouting组装；装配Assembly攻螺孔Tapped; Tapping自由滑动Free to slide跨度Span对中心；找正Alignment切割使适合Cut to suit修饰使适合Trim to suit伸出长度指预埋螺栓Extrusion热应力分析Thermal stress analysis管道柔性分析Piping flexiblity analysis 荷载工况Load case 力矩Moment弯曲力矩Bending moment扭矩Torgue外载Externally applied load荷载Load冷态荷载Cold load工作荷载Working load反力Reaction位移Displacement附加位移Appendant displacement角位移Angular rotation冷紧；冷拉Cold spring自拉Self spring约束Restraint固定点Fix point; Anchor point自由Free刚性的Rigid方向Direction无件Member节点Node节点号Node number管系Piping system应力Stress弯曲应力Bending stress扭转应力Torsional stress轴向应力Axial stress剪切应力Shear stress拉应力T ension stress压应力Compression stress一次应力Primary stress二次应力Secondary stress热胀应力范围Thermal expansion stress range 许用应力范围Allowable stress range 位移应力Displacement stress 柔性应力Flexibility stress内压应力Internal pressure stress外压应力External pressure stress纵向应力Longitudinal stress应力范围减少系数Stress-Range reduction factor弹性模量Modulus of elasticity惯性矩Moment of inertia断面系数Section modulus柔性系数Flexiblity factor波桑比Poisson's ratio柔度特性Flexiblity characteristic应力增大系数Stress intensification factor面内In-plane面外Out-plane热循环Thermal cycle热膨胀系数Thermal expansion coefficient安全系数Safety factor焊接Welding焊接种类Varieties of welding电弧焊Arc welding电熔焊Electric fusion welding EFW电阻焊Electric resistance welding ERW 有保护的金属电弧焊Shielded metal arc welding SMAW手工或自动惰性气体保护Manual and automatic inert gas tungsten钨极电弧焊（带不可熔焊条）Arc welding with unmeltable electrode GTAW自动埋弧焊Automatic submerged arc welding金属极惰性气体保护焊Gas metal arc welding GMAW氩弧焊Argon-Arc welding气体保护电弧焊Gas-shielded arc welding 气焊Gas welding;Flam welding等离子焊Plasma welding硬钎焊Braze welding电渣焊Electroslag welding焊条Welding electrode rod焊丝Welding wire焊药（剂）Flux焊接形式Type of welding角焊Fillet welding间断焊Intermittent welding点焊Spot welding对焊Butt welding搭焊Lap welding塞焊Plug welding珠焊Bead welding槽焊Slot welding焊接接头Welding joint仰焊Overhead welding现场焊Field weld F.W.封底焊Back run立焊Vertical welding平焊Flat welding工厂（车间）焊接Shop weld定位焊Tack weld坡口GrooveV形坡口V groove; Bevel end单面U形坡口Single U grooveK型坡口D ouble bevel grooveX型坡口D ouble V groove双面U型坡口Double U grooveU-V组合坡口Combination U and V groove 焊接缺陷Defects of welding焊接裂缝Weld crack根部裂缝Root crack错位Mismatch弧坑Pit焊穿Burn through夹渣Slag inclusion咬边，咬肉Undercut焊瘤Overlap气孔Porosity严重飞溅Excessive spatter未溶合Incomplete fusion根部未焊透Incomplete penetration无损检验Non-Destructive testing肉眼检验；外观检验Visual testing着色渗透试验Dye penetrant inspection 液体渗透试验Liquid penetraphyX射线照相X-ray radiography r射线照相Gamma radiography 超声波探伤Uitrasonic test磁粉探伤Magnetic particle test荧光渗透试验Fluorescent penetrant inspection水压试验Hydraulic testing气压试验Pneumatic testing热处理Heat treatment普通热处理Conventional heat treatment退火Annealing局部退火Spot annealing中间退火Process annealing球化退火Spheroidize annealing等温退火Isothermal annealing极软退火Dead-soft annealing回火Tempering正火Nomalizing淬火Quenching水淬火Water quenching油淬火Oil quenching等温淬火Isothermal quenching断续淬火Slack quenching高温淬火Hot quenching水冷淬火Cold quenching调质Quenching and tempering时效处理Ageing treatment可淬性Hardenability过热敏感性Superheated susceptivity回火脆性Temper brittleness表面热处理Surface heat treatment火焰表面淬火Flame surface quenching 高频淬火Induction hardening渗碳Carbonization渗氮Nitrogen case-hardening渗铬Chromizing渗铝Aluminizing玻璃棉Glass wool岩棉Rock wool聚氨脂，聚氨基甲酸脂Polyurethane泡沫玻璃Foam glass; Cellular glass沥青Asphalt油毛毡Asphalt felt镀锌铁丝Galvanized wire镀锌铁丝网Galvanized wire mesh石棉板Asbestos board石棉布Asbestos cloth石棉织品Asbestos fabric管壳Shell棉毡Blanket硅酸钙Calcium silicate硅酸铝纤维Aluminosilicace fiber珍珠岩Perlite泡沫混凝土Foamed concrete; cellular concrete蛭石Vermiculite矿（渣）棉Mineral wool保温块Insulation block硅藻土Kieselguhr; Diatomite泡沫聚苯乙烯Cellular polystrene玛蹄脂保护层Mastic weatherproof coating水泥抹面Finishing cement金属保护层Clad; Metal jacketing玻璃布Glass (fiber) cloth镀锌铁皮Galvanized (sheet) iron; Galvanized plain sheet铝板Aluminum sheet线规Wire gage伯明翰线规Birmingham wire gage BWG 美国线规American wire gage AWG 隔热层Insulation保温Hot insulation保冷Cold insulation人身保护Personal protection隔音Sound insulation吸声Sound absorbing分贝Decibel导热系数Thermal conductivity factor支承环Support ring环箍Circumferential band钢环Steel ring涂漆Painting底漆Primary coat; Bottom coat面漆Finishing coat瓷漆Enamel防锈漆Antirust paint醇酸瓷漆Alkyd enamel酚醛漆Phenolic paint 沥青漆Bituminous paint聚氨酯漆Polyurethane paint有机硅漆Organic silicon paint漆酚树脂漆Urushiol resin paint环氧树脂漆Epoxy resin paint过氯乙烯漆Ethylene perchloride paint无机富锌漆Inorganic zinc-rich paint颜色Colour淡（浅）色的Light深色的Dark螺栓Bolt六角头螺栓Hexagonal head bolt方头累栓Square head bolt双头螺栓Stud bolt环头螺栓Eye bolt沉头螺栓Countersunk (head) screw地脚螺栓Anchor bolt; Foundation bolt 松紧螺旋扣；花兰螺丝TurnbuckleU型螺栓U-boltT型螺栓 T-bolt。