《企业物流管理-供应链的规划、组织和控制》第三章习题答案

供应链管理课后习题答案供应链管理课后习题答案一、什么是供应链管理？供应链管理是指将不同环节的供应商、生产商、分销商和零售商等各个参与者之间的活动和流程进行协调和整合，以最大程度地提高整个供应链的效率和效益的管理方法。

它涉及到从原材料采购到产品生产、物流运输、库存管理、销售和售后服务等各个环节的协调和优化。

二、供应链管理的重要性供应链管理的重要性体现在以下几个方面：1. 提高效率和降低成本：通过优化供应链各个环节的协调和流程，可以减少物流时间和库存成本，提高生产效率和交付速度，从而降低整体成本。

2. 提高客户满意度：供应链管理可以确保产品按时交付，减少缺货和延迟交货的情况，提高客户满意度和忠诚度。

3. 增加竞争力：通过供应链管理，企业可以更好地应对市场需求的变化，提供更加灵活和个性化的产品和服务，增强竞争力。

4. 优化资源配置：供应链管理可以帮助企业合理配置资源，避免资源浪费和过度投资，提高资源利用效率。

5. 降低风险：通过供应链管理，企业可以更好地应对供应链中的风险，如供应商倒闭、自然灾害等，降低风险对企业的影响。

三、供应链管理的关键要素供应链管理的关键要素包括供应商管理、物流管理、库存管理、生产计划和协调以及信息流管理等。

1. 供应商管理：包括供应商选择、合同管理、供应商绩效评估等，确保供应商能够按时提供符合质量要求的原材料和零部件。

2. 物流管理：包括运输、仓储、配送等环节的协调和管理，确保产品能够按时到达目的地。

3. 库存管理：包括库存的控制、预测和优化等，确保库存水平适当，避免库存过高或过低。

4. 生产计划和协调：包括生产计划的制定、生产进度的监控和协调等，确保生产能够按时完成。

5. 信息流管理：包括信息的收集、传递和分析等，确保信息能够及时准确地在供应链中流动，以支持决策和协调。

四、供应链管理的挑战和解决方案供应链管理面临着一些挑战，如需求不确定性、供应链中的风险、信息不对称等。

为了应对这些挑战，可以采取以下解决方案：1. 加强合作和协作：建立长期稳定的合作关系，加强供应链各个环节之间的沟通和协作，共同应对挑战。

第3章1、企业物流管理是由哪3部分组成？各部分的作⽤是什么？企业物流管理由企业⽣产物流管理、企业销售物流管理、企业采购物流管理三部分组成。

企业⽣产物流管理是创造价值的过程，企业销售物流管理是实现价值的过程，企业采购物流管理是为创造价值提供条件的过程。

2、名词解释：①分销物流；②配送；③物流点；④VMI；⑤第三⽅物流。

分销物流——⼜叫销售物流，是销售过程中的物流活动。

具体是指将产品从下⽣产线开始，经过包装、装卸搬运、储存、流通加⼯、运输、配送，⼀直到最后送到⽤户⼿中的整个产品实体流动过程。

配送——是⼀种有别于普通运输的⼀种运输活动，是在局部范围内对多个⽤户实⾏单⼀品种或多品种的按时按量联合送货。

物流点——指在物流系统中的配送中⼼、中转仓库、批发点、零售店等物资集散场所。

VMI——就是供应商掌握⽤户库存，是供应链物流管理情况下新出现的分销物流⽅式。

第三⽅物流——⼜叫契约物流或合同物流、外包物流，是指⽣产经营企业为集中精⼒搞好主业，把原来属于⾃⼰处理的物流活动，以合同⽅式委托给专业物流服务企业，同时通过信息系统与物流服务企业保持密切联系，以达到对物流全程的管理和控制的⼀种物流运作与管理⽅式。

3、企业采购战略的5要素是什么？5要素是：采购品种、供应商、采购⽅式、订货谈判、进货⽅式。

4、销售物流的⼗⼤环节是什么？⼗⼤环节是：产品包装、产品储存、货物运输、货物配送、装卸搬运、流通加⼯、物流信息、分销物流络规划与设计、货品管理、物流点内部物流管理。

5、物流信息系统具有集成化、模块化、实时化、络化和智能化的特点。

（判断）对。

6、分销物流有哪⼏种⽅式⽅案？分销物流有：传统送货⽅式、配送⽅式、JIT（准时化送货）、VMI⽅式（供应商掌握⽤户库存）4种⽅式⽅案。

7、物流信息包括（ ABCDEF ）。

（多选）A、客户信息； B、需求信息； C、库存信息；D、运输信息； F、品种信息；E、配送信息。

8、优化物流活动要遵循集成化、⼀体化、共同化、规模化、信息化、标准化、专业化、⾼技术化的原则。

》教材配套习题企业物流管理》《企业物流管理参考答案目录第1章企业物流管理概论习题参考答案 (1)1.1 选择题 (1)1.2 简答题 (1)1.3 判断题 (2)1.4 思考题 (2)第2章企业物流战略与企业物流组织习题参考答案 (3)2.1 选择题 (3)2.2 简答题 (3)2.3 判断题 (4)2.4 思考题 (4)第3章采购与供应物流管理习题参考答案 (5)3.1 选择题 (5)3.2 简答题 (5)3.3 判断题 (8)3.4 计算题 (9)3.5 思考题 (10)第4章企业生产物流管理习题参考答案 (11)4.1 选择题 (11)4.2 简答题 (11)4.3 判断题 (14)4.4 计算题 (14)4.5 思考题 (15)第5章企业仓储与库存管理习题参考答案 (16)5.1 选择题 (16)5.2 简答题 (16)5.3 判断题 (18)5.4 计算题 (18)5.5 思考题 (20)第6章企业销售物流管理习题参考答案 (21)6.1 选择题 (21)6.2 简答题 (21)6.3 判断题 (25)6.4 思考题 (25)第7章企业回收与废弃物物流管理习题参考答案 (26)7.1 选择题 (26)7.2 简答题 (26)7.3 思考题 (27)第8章企业物流信息管理习题参考答案 (28)8.1 选择题 (28)8.2 简答题 (28)8.3 判断题 (30)8.4 思考题 (30)第9章企业物流服务管理习题参考答案 (31)9.1 选择题 (31)9.2 简答题 (31)9.3 判断题 (31)9.4 思考题 (31)第10章企业物流绩效管理习题参考答案 (32)10.1 选择题 (32)10.2 简答题 (32)10.3 判断题 (34)10.4 思考题 (34)第11章企业物流现代化及其发展趋势习题参考答案 (35)11.1 选择题 (35)11.2 简答题 (35)11.3 判断题 (36)11.4 思考题 (36)备注 (37)第1章企业物流管理概论习题参考答案1.1 选择题（1）B （2）ABCD （3）ABCD （4）B （5）B （6）ABCD （7）B （8）C （9）ABCD （10）ABCD1.2 简答题（1）答：物流的定义：“物品从供应地向接收地的实体流动过程中，根据实际需要，将运输、储存、搬运、包装、流通加工、配送、信息处理等基本功能实施有机结合来实现用户要求的过程。

课后答案：第一章单选 A C 多选ABCD, ACE, ACD第二章单选 A D D 多选ABCD, BCE第三章单选 A D多选ABC, ABCD, ABCD第四章单选 D B D 多选CDE, ABCDE, ABC第五章单选 B A多选ABCD, ABCD, BC第六章单选 B C A 多选ABCD, ABCD, ABCD第七章单选 D C A 多选ABCD, ABCD（D选项改为动态管理原则）, ABCD第八章单选 B B 多选ABCDE, ABCDE, ABC, ABCD第九章单选 D A 多选ABCD, ABCDE, CD第十章单选 A B C 多选ABCD, BCD, ABC自考“物流企业管理”复习笔记第一章物流和物流企业概述一、名词解释物流——指材料、产成品从起点至终点及相关信息有效流动的全过程物流管理——为了以最低的物流成本达到用户所满意的服务水平，对物流活动进行了计划、组织、协调与控制。

供应链——指在产品的生产和流通中，将产品或服务提供给最终用户活动涉及的上游与下游企业所形成的网络结构。

供应链管理（SCM）——通过贸易伙伴间的密切合作以最小的成本为客户提供最大的价值和最好的服务的过程，各个贸易伙伴共享信息、共担风险。

物流产业——指以物流活动或物流支援活动为经营内容的营利性事业。

物流产业不等于物流活动或物流业务、不等于物流企业。

物流产业的规模——指一个国家或地区在一定时期内物流产业的产值、就业人数、资产、企业数，以及所完成的物流量的大小或多少。

三个指标：产值规模、就业规模、物流业务量；物流企业——指独立于生产领域之外，专门从事各种物流经营活动的自主经营、自负盈亏、自我发展、自我约束的具有法人资格的企业。

二、单选题1、（中观物流）从一个地区或部门、行业角度来观察的物流活动，研究其在经济活动中的物流合理化问题。

2、物流行业的主体行业是（交通运输业）3、（通运业）是货主和运输业之外的第三者从事托运和货运委托的行业4、（物流战略规划）是站在企业长远发展的立场上，就企业物流的发展目标、物流在经营中的战略定位以及物流服务水准和物流服务内容等做出整体规划。

供应链管理课后习题答案供应链管理课后习题答案一、概述供应链管理是现代企业管理的重要组成部分，它涉及到从原材料采购到产品销售的整个流程。

通过对供应链的管理，企业可以实现资源的优化配置，提高生产效率和产品质量，从而增加竞争力和利润。

以下是一些供应链管理课后习题的答案，希望能对大家的学习有所帮助。

二、供应链设计1. 什么是供应链设计？供应链设计是指在满足客户需求的前提下，通过合理的供应链网络设计和流程优化，实现企业资源的最优配置和供应链效率的最大化。

2. 供应链设计的关键要素有哪些？供应链设计的关键要素包括供应链网络结构、物流配送策略、库存管理策略、合作伙伴选择等。

3. 供应链网络结构有哪些类型？常见的供应链网络结构包括集中式供应链、分散式供应链、混合式供应链和虚拟供应链等。

4. 如何选择合适的供应链网络结构？选择合适的供应链网络结构需要考虑产品特性、市场需求、成本效益、风险管理等因素，综合评估不同结构的优缺点，以实现最佳的供应链设计。

三、供应链协调1. 什么是供应链协调？供应链协调是指通过信息共享、合作伙伴关系管理、业务流程优化等手段，实现供应链各环节之间的协同和协作，以提高供应链整体效能。

2. 供应链协调的重要性是什么？供应链协调可以减少信息滞后、降低库存水平、提高交付准确率，从而提高供应链的灵活性、响应速度和客户满意度。

3. 如何实现供应链协调？实现供应链协调需要建立有效的沟通机制、共享信息平台，加强合作伙伴之间的信任和合作，同时优化业务流程和决策机制。

四、供应链风险管理1. 什么是供应链风险管理？供应链风险管理是指通过识别、评估和应对供应链中的各种风险，以保障供应链的稳定运行和业务连续性。

2. 常见的供应链风险有哪些？常见的供应链风险包括市场需求波动、供应商倒闭、物流延误、自然灾害等。

3. 如何进行供应链风险管理？供应链风险管理需要建立风险识别和评估机制，制定相应的风险应对策略，同时建立灵活的供应链网络和备份计划，以应对不同的风险情况。

第3章物流管理战略与规划习题一、单项选择题1、现代物流管理区别于传统物流管理的一个重要标志是（）A、物流活动分散在各个部门B、从供应链全局的角度出发重视物流管理战略问题C、利用第三方物流D、物流在企业中的地位不断提升2、由于物流管理的最终目标是满足客户需求，因此企业的全局性战略目标是（）A、降低成本B、节省投资C、客户服务D、优化库存3、物流管理战略框架中的结构性战略的核心是进行企业的（）A、物流网络设计B、物流渠道设计C、供应链体系设计D、物流系统设计4、供应链管理系统的设计问题重点解决（）A、如何优化物流网络B、如何精简物流渠道C、如何将制造商、供应商和分销商有机结合起来D、如何整合物流系统5、基于战略集成的供应链开发模型英文简写是（）A、SCDMB、SCORC、SDCMD、SOCR6、基于战略集成的供应链开发模型第一维包括几个阶段？（）A、2B、3C、4D、57、基于战略集成的供应链开发模型第二维包括几个关键的决策因素？（）A、3B、4C、5D、68、基于战略集成的供应链开发模型第三维通向成功的性能指标有几个？（）A、3B、4C、5D、69、基于应用场景的供应链运作参考模型可分为几个层次？（）A、3B、4C、5D、610、基于应用场景的供应链运作参考模型的顶层描述了几个基本流程？（）A、3B、4C、5D、611、基于应用场景的供应链运作参考模型的流程配置层定义了几个核心流程类型？（）A、23B、24C、25D、2612、供应链体系设计的基础是（）A、物流产品与特性B、物流特性C、供应链特性D、合作伙伴13、供应链体系设计的前提（）A、物流系统的设计B、物流客户服务水平的设计C、网络的设计D、渠道的设计14、供应链体系设计的目标（）A、设计与组织结构一致的供应链B、设计与物流系统一致的供应链C、设计与产品类型一致的供应链D、设计与环境一致的供应链二、多项选择题1、物流战略对于不同的企业就有不同的理解，下列说法正确的是（）A、对物流企业而言就是企业的总体战略；B、对于工商企业而言是企业职能战略，是企业总体战略的一部分；C、在工商企业中，物流战略与其它相关战略共同构成企业战略；D、对物流企业而言是企业的职能战略；E、对于工商企业而言是企业是企业的总体战略。

第三章习题参考答案1.什么物流系统？物流系统的特点是什么？答：物流系统是指在一定的时间和空间里，由所需输送物资的物质实体、物流设施设备、工具、人员以及信息等若干相互制约的要素构成的，具有实现物资的空间效用、时间效用和形质效用功能的有机整体。

物流系统的特点是：（1）物流系统具有一定的整体目的性；（2）物流系统是一个大跨度、复杂、动态性的系统；（3）物流系统作为企业经营大系统的子系统而发挥作用；（4）物流需要通过信息的反馈加以控制。

2. 请说明物流系统规划的重要性。

答：物流系统规划的重要性与物流本身的特殊性有关。

（1）物流的涉及面非常广泛，需要有各方共同遵循的规划；（2）物流过程本身存在“背反”现象，需要有规划的协调；（3）物流领域容易出现较严重的低水平重复建设现象，需要有规划的制约；（4）物流领域的建设投资巨大，尤其是基础建设的投资规模巨大，需要有规划的引导；（5）实现我国物流持续发展，需要有规划进行引导；（6）市场竞争日趋激烈，需要对已有的，尤其是自发形成的物流系统进行重新构筑，或者对企业的整个流程从物流角度进行“再造”。

3. 物流系统规划的原则是什么？答：物流系统规划的原则包括：（1）系统性原则；（2）战略性原则；（3）科学性原则；（4）可行性原则；（5）经济性原则；（6）社会效益原则。

4. 物流系统规划包含哪些层次？答：物流系统规划规划包含以下层次：（1）全国性的物流系统规划；（2）区域性的物流系统规划；（3）经济运行部门的物流系统规划；（4）企业的物流系统规划。

5. 物流系统规划的体系的构成是怎样的？答：物流系统规划的体系由物流战略规划、物流系统空间布局规划、物流信息平台规划、物流运营管理体系规划等组成。

6. 物流系统规划的实施包含哪几个阶段？答：物流系统规划的实施包含以下阶段：（1）调查分析阶段；（2）需求及服务水平预测阶段；（3）规划阶段；（4）评价与实施阶段。

7.物流系统网络包含哪两种基本形式？答：物流网络结构的基本形式包括直送式和经过物流节点的形式，其他方式都是这两种基本形式的组合。

供应链管理（第三版）章节练习题题库及答案第一章供应链认知（一）判断题（1）供应链不仅是一条连接供应商到用户的物料链、信息链、资金链，而且还是一条增值链。

（T ）（2）传统管理模式是以规模化需求和区域性的卖方市场为决策背景，通过规模效应降低成本，获得效益。

（ F ）（3）供应链管理这一名词最早出现于20世纪80年代，最初是由咨询业提出的。

（T ）（4）让最终顾客更满意是供应链全体成员的共同目标,顾客满意的实质是顾客获得超出他们承担的产品价格以上的那部分“价值”。

（T ）（5）供应链管理是以同步化、集成化生产计划为指导，以各种信息技术为支持，尤其以Internet/Intranet为依托。

（T ）（6）供应链管理整体成本最小化意味着每个节点企业的成本都是最小。

（ F ）（7）从成本方面来看，供应链管理是通过注重产品最终成本来优化供应链的。

（T ）（8）由于供应链节点企业有一个共同的追求目标，所以它们之间不再有竞争性。

（F ）（9）供应链管理中的“零库存”就是指节点企业的库存为零。

（ F ）（10）从系统的观点出发，改进服务、缩短时间、提高品质与减少库存、降低成本是可以兼得的。

（T ）二、单选题1、供应链是（C）结构。

A、直链B、支链C、网链D、环状2、供应链节点企业之间是一种（A ）关系。

A、需求与供应B、支配C、平等D、利益3、供应链管理因企业战略和适应市场需求变化的需要，链上节点企业需要动态地更新，这就使得供应链具有明显的（B ）。

A、复杂性B、动态性C、交叉性D、灵活性4、从20世纪80年代初到20世纪90年代初供应链管理处于（A ）。

A、初级阶段B、发展阶段C、成熟阶段D、建设阶段5、按照道格拉斯·兰伯特的思想，企业主动召回有问题的已售商品，属于供应链业务流程的（ B ）程序？A、订单配送B、反向物流（回流）C、需求管理D、制造流程管理三、多选题1、传统“纵向一体化”管理模式存在的弊端有（ABCD ）。

供应链3测试题及答案2第一篇：供应链3测试题及答案2一、选择题（每题1分，共15题）单选部分：1、供应链的目标是（）。

A、各个供应链环节成本最低B、各个供应链环节价值最大化C、整体成本最低D、整体价值最大化2、以下关于供应链管理的叙述中不正确的是（）。

A、供应链管理是制造商与它的供应商，分销及用户协同合作，为顾客所希望并愿意为之付出的市场，提供一个共同的产品和服务。

B、供应链管理是计划、组织和控制从最初原材料到最终产品及其消费的整个业务流程，这些流程连接了从供应商到顾客的所有企业。

C、供应链管理更着重于从原材料供应到最终用户所有关键业务流程的集成，因此许多非后D、勤管理的流程也必须集成到供应链管理中来。

供应链管理的理论源于产品的分销和运输管理，因此供应链管理就是后勤管理。

3、牛鞭效应是指需求信息在供应链上由下游向上（）A、不规则波动B、逐级减小C、逐级放大D、先放大后缩小4、优先型供应商意味着交易对（）A、对企业重要B、对供应商重要C、对双方均不重要D、对双方均重要5、通过物流理论的研究，物流概念产生的原因是（）。

A、经济原因和管理原因B、企业原因和军事原因C、经济原因和军事原因D、理论原因和企业原因6、商流与物流的关系（）。

A、相互独立，毫无关系B、关系密切，相辅相成C、物流是商流的先导D、商物不分离7、库存管理就是对库存物资的管理，主要包括库存业务的管理、库存成本管理和库存控制管理，其中，库存管理的核心是（）。

A、库存业务管理B、库存成本管理C、库存控制管理D、库存信息管理8、下列说法中，错误的是（）。

A、在供应链中，即任意两个节点企业之间都是供应与需求关系。

B、供应链管理是从最终客户到原始供应商的关键业务流程的集成。

C、企业生产与服务系统的设施空间布置规划和设计是企业物流合理化的前提。

D、“牛鞭效应”是指沿供应链向下游移动，需求变化程度不断增大现象。

9、（）是企业生产活动的中心环节。

E、企业内部物流F、企业采购物流G、企业销售物流H、企业退货物流10、供应链管理是对（）进行设计、规划、控制，提高各成员的效率和效益。

供应链组织管理知到章节测试答案智慧树2023年最新山东大学第一章测试1.供应链管理是对供应链中的（）进行计划、组织、协调和控制。

参考答案:信息流;物流;资金流2.以下属于企业的物流及供应链组织的发展趋势的是（）参考答案:由固定刚性化向临时柔性化转变;由内部一体化向虚拟化、网络化发展;由职能垂直化向过程扁平化转变3.供应链管理理念的出现，使得企业从传统的竞争导向转向合作导向，也就是说供应链上的节点企业都属于合作关系。

（）参考答案:错4.供应链是围绕（）运行。

参考答案:核心企业5.随着经济全球化的发展，企业为了保持市场竞争优势，逐渐从传统的注重个别企业的管理转变为重视（）。

参考答案:供应链管理6.供应链形成的背景说法不正确的是（）。

参考答案:社会大分工的形成7.供应链不仅是一条连接供应商到最终用户的物料链、信息链、资金链，而且是一条增值链。

（）参考答案:对8.要实现集成供应链管理，企业要转变思维模式，从纵向一维空间思维向“纵-横”一体的多维空间思维方式转变。

（）参考答案:对9.供应链管理形成的动因是（）。

参考答案:追求集成带来的实际效果，即集成效应10.在链状结构供应链上存在的资金流、物流、信息流的方向是相同的。

这种说法是（）参考答案:错第二章测试1.下列（）是信息的基本特征。

参考答案:可测度性;普遍性;动态性2.市场参与者通过获取比竞争者更多的信息优势来获利，这是利用了信息的（）特征。

参考答案:不完全性3.在市场参与者双方都缺乏信息的情况下，市场参与者会寻求专业咨询机构的帮助。

（）参考答案:错4.在博弈中某些参与者拥有另一些参与者所不拥有的信息，这种现象就是（）。

参考答案:信息不对称5.根据信息协调的范围进行划分，可分为（）。

参考答案:企业外部信息协调;企业内部信息协调第三章测试1.博弈的规则包括（）。

参考答案:行动的时序;信息结构;策略组合2.在动态博弈中，先期行动不仅影响后继行动所对应的策略集合大小，还可能影响到未来参与者的数量。

Chapter 3Supply Chain Drivers and ObstaclesTrue/False1. The major drivers of supply chain performance are customers, facilities, inventory,transportation, and information.Answer: FalseDifficulty: Moderate2. The two major types of facilities are production sites and storage sites.Answer: TrueDifficulty: Moderate3. Inventory is an important supply chain driver because changing inventory policiescan dramatically alter the supply chain’s efficiency and responsiveness.Answer: TrueDifficulty: Moderate4. Information is potentially the biggest driver of performance in the supply chain asit directly affects each of the other drivers.Answer: TrueDifficulty: Easy5. A facility with little excess capacity will likely be no more or less efficient per unitof product it produces than one with a lot of unused capacity.Answer: FalseDifficulty: Easy6. The high utilization facility will have no more difficulty responding to demandfluctuations than one with a lot of unused capacity.Answer: FalseDifficulty: Easy7. Warehouse unit storage is the warehousing methodology that uses a traditionalwarehouse to store all of one type of product together.Answer: FalseDifficulty: Moderate8. The components of inventory decisions include capacity, cycle inventory, safetyinventory, seasonal inventory, and sourcing.Answer: FalseDifficulty: Easy9. Cycle inventory is inventory that is built up to counter predictable variability indemand.Answer: FalseDifficulty: Easy10. Seasonal inventory is inventory that is built up to counter predictable variability indemand.Answer: TrueDifficulty: Moderate11. A company’s ability to find a balance between responsiveness and efficiency thatbest matches the needs of the customer it is targeting is the key to achievingstrategic fit.Answer: TrueDifficulty: Moderate12. Many obstacles, such as growing product variety and shorter life cycles, havemade it increasingly difficult for supply chains to achieve strategic fit.Answer: TrueDifficulty: ModerateEssay/Problems1. List and define the four major drivers of supply chain performance.Answer: Facilities are the places in the supply chain network where product isstored, assembled, or fabricated. The two major types of facilities are production sites and storage sites.Inventory is all raw materials, work in process, and finished goods within a supply chain. Inventory is an important supply chain driver because changing inventory policies can dramatically alter the supply chain’s efficiency and responsiveness.Transportation entails moving inventory from point to point in the supply chain.Transportation can take the form of many combinations of modes and routes.Information consists of data and analysis concerning facilities, inventory,transportation, and customers throughout the supply chain. Information ispotentially the biggest driver of performance in the supply chain as it directlyaffects each of the other drivers.Difficulty: Moderate答：设施的地方是在供应链网络，产品是存储，组装，或制成的。

供应链管理课后习题答案第一章1.纵向一体化的企业拥有、管理并运作所有相关的业务职能。

横向一体化的企业由一些独立运营的企业组成，公司总部提供品牌、指导和一般战略。

比较并对比这两种类型企业的供应链战略。

答：纵向一体化企业旨在使公司各业务成分之间的互动更紧密，而且经常集中地管理它们。

这样的结构，可以更容易地通过中央决策除去供应链中的不同部分之间的冲突来实现系统的整体目标。

在横向一体化公司，协调公司内部各业务的供应链通常是没有效益的。

事实上，如果横向一体化中的每个企业都专注于它的核心功能，并以最佳状态运行，就可能达到总体的全局最优效果。

2.考虑一个企业重新设计其物流网络。

为数不多的几个集中仓库的优点是什么？大量靠近最终用户的仓库的优点是什么？答：少数位于市中心的仓库，允许公司利用风险分担，以提高服务水平并降低库存水平和成本。

不过，对外运输成本通常较高，交货间隔期较长。

另一方面，企业可以通过建立更多的靠近最终用户的仓库，以减少对外运输成本和交货间隔期。

然而，这种类型的系统将会使总库存水平和成本增加、规模经济下降、仓储费用增加，并且可能增加对内运输费用。

3.考虑一个企业选择运输服务提供商。

使用卡车承运商的优点是什么？使用诸如UPS这样的包裹速递公司的优点是什么？答：企业对运输服务的选择在很大程度上取决于公司要运输的产品的类型和大小，库存和交付的策略，和对灵活性的需求：1.如果是大量而稳定的运送大件物品或小件物品从仓库到需求点（店），货车运输会更好。

一个很好的例子就是仓库到超市之间的杂货送货。

要注意，在本例中，我们希望的是卡车满载时货物达到卡车装载量。

2.如果由制造商/仓库直接递送顾客的是相对低成本的项目，那么用快递公司更合适。

此外，快递公司可以根据客户的个人需要灵活的提供不同的运输方式。

4.企业库存水平较高有什么优点？有什么缺点？库存水平低有什么优点和缺点？答：1.高库存水平i. 优点:订单满足率(服务水平)高和订单执行快速。

Chapter 3: Customer Relationship Management Study Questions1.Explain the differences between transactional and relationship marketing. How do these differenceslead to increasing emphasis on logistical performance in supply chain management?Transactional marketing is generally focused towards short-term interaction with customers. Traditional marketing strategies followed this approach wherein exchanges/transactions are carried out with customers in order to increase their revenues and profits.Relationship marketing focuses on the long-term relations with the key supply chain partners such as the consumers, intermediate customers and suppliers. This strategy aims to develop and retain long term preference and loyalty because it has been realized in many industries that it is more important to obtain greater share of the purchases made by the existing customers than to attract new customers. This approach tries to identify the individual customers in order to satisfy their unique needs in the most cost-efficient and effective way. This requires a greater emphasis on logistical performance of the entire supply chain.2.Why are the four primary service outputs of spatial convenience, lot size, waiting time, and productvariety important to logistics management? Provide examples of competing firms that differ in the level of each service output provided to customers.Since every customer has different requirements regarding service outputs, spatial convenience, lot size, waiting or delivery time, and product variety represent the four generic outputs to accommodate customer requirements.Spatial convenience measures the amount of shopping time and effort that needs to be out by the customer.Higher convenience is offered by making the product available in more number of places. As an example some household furniture manufacturers offer their products through department store, mass merchandisers and other independent department stores whereas Ethan Allen offers its products only at its own retail stores.Lot size refers to the number of units that can be purchased in each transaction. A customer who wishes to buy larger quantity of items for example 12 or 24 rolls of paper towels to get a lower unit price can get it from Sam’s Club and Costco. However they can buy single rolls from grocery or convenient stores. The basic tradeoff in such purchases is between the unit price and the storage or maintenance cost of such volumes.Waiting time is the amount if time a customer has to wait between ordering and receiving products. The lower the waiting time, the higher is the level of service. Buying products from retail or grocery stores has no waiting time however if someone wants to order from a catalog or via the Internet, he has to wait for the product.Although higher waiting time is associated with inconvenience, customers are rewarded in the form of lower prices.Product variety refers to the different assortments or variety offered to the consumers and end-users.Supermarkets offer a large variety of items, whereas the warehouse stores offer a much less variety. And convenience stores offer even lesser variety.ing the ten categories of customer expectations in Table 3-2, develop your own examples of howcustomers might evaluate performance of a supplier.Reliability refers to performance of all activities by the supplier. If FedEx promises overnight delivery and fails to do that, then it will be considered unreliable, even if it is done faster than any other provider. Customers can judge reliability in terms of all aspects of basic service platform.Responsiveness refers to the customer’s expectation of the ability and willingness to provide timely service. If WalM art experiences a stockout of certain product, its supplier’s responsiveness will be measured by the tim e it takes for replenishment.Access measures the ease of contact and approachability of the supplier. For example the ease of obtaining information about the status of a pending order will measure accessibility.Communication means to proactively keeping the customer informed. If the supplier expects a shortage of raw material that can affect delivery in the future, an advance notice to the customer will not only help to explore alternative but also builds a stronger partnership.Credibility refers to the customer’s expectation that the communication from the suppliers will be believable and honest. The real essence of this measure is the completeness of the information.Security refers to the customer’s feeling of risk in doing business with a supplier. For example a customer bases its production schedule in anticipation of delivery. If the supply is delayed the customer faces the risk of changing its plans. Another aspect of security concerns the confidentiality of business dealings. For example, Solectron undertakes the manufacturing for competitors like Nortel and Cisco, so confidentiality is a major issue.Courtesy involves politeness, friendliness and respect of contact person. Since the customer may have to deal with different individuals in the supp lier’s organization, failure by one person can destroy the best efforts of all the others.Competency is judged by customers in every interaction with the suppliers. Therefore a truck driver’s competency is measured when deliveries are made, customer service personnel when phone calls are made, etc. Failure by any individual can affect the customer’s perception of the supplier.Tangibles refer to the customer’s expectation of the physical appearance of facilities, equipment and personnel. For example an old and dilapidated warehouse can be an indicator of the firm’s overall performance to the customers.Knowing the customer refers to the customer’s expectation regarding supplier’s understanding of their unique requirements and supplier willingness to adapt to those needs. For example WalMart would expect its suppliers to understand its unique need and respond to that accordingly.pare and contrast the customer service, customer satisfaction, and customer success philosophiesof supply chain management.Customer service, customer satisfaction, and customer represent three levels of customer accommodation.Customer service represents logistics role in fulfilling the marketing concept. It aims to provide the right amount of the right product at the right time at the right place in the right condition at the right price with right information. The fundamental attributes of customer service are availability, operational performance, and service reliability. Customer satisfaction measures the degree to which a customer is satisfied with the supplier’s performance. However, customer satisfactions depends on the customer’s expectations. Models have been developed to identify some of the gaps that arise due the failure of many firms to satisfy their customers.Customer success philosophy requires the firms to work very closely with the customers to understand their requirements, internal processes, competitive environment and try to make their customer successful. In contrast to the typical focus of basic service and satisfaction programs to meet standards and expectations of the customers, a customer success program tries to understand the entire supply chain, different levels of customers and tries to ensure that customer at each level is able to meet their customers.5.What is meant by value-added services? Why are these services considered essential in a customersuccess program?Value added services refer to the unique and specific activities that firms can jointly perform to enhance their efficiency and effectiveness. Such services foster customer success. These services are typically customer specific and therefore cannot be generalized. These services enable the customers to achieve their specific objectives. These are considered essential in customer service programs because by providing unique product packages, creating customized unit loads, offering unique information services, providing VMI, etc, firms enhance their customers’ success. Some of the value-added services like warehousing, transportation, proper sequencing and sorting of products involve specialists due to their flexibility and capability to concentrate on providing the required services.6. Explain the customer satisfaction “gaps” shown in Figure 3.1.The knowledge gap reflects management’s lack of knowledge or understanding of customers’ real expectations.The standards gap exists when internal performance standards do not accurately reflect those expectations.The performance gap arises when actual performance does not meet the standards for performance.Communications gaps exist when the firm does not meet its promises or commitments to customers. The perception gap exists when customers inaccurately perceive the actual performance of the firm. The satisfaction/quality gap arises when the custo mer’s perception of that performance is different from the performance that they expected.。

物流管理物流与供应链管理习题与答案文章标题：物流管理物流与供应链管理习题与答案物流管理是与供应链密不可分的，两者既有联系又有差异。

本文将从物流管理和供应链管理两个方向出发，为你介绍一些相关习题及答案，希望对你的学习有所帮助。

一、物流管理的习题与答案物流管理着重于管理与控制物流体系的各个环节，包括物流规划、物流运输、仓库管理、物流信息化等。

下面是一些物流管理的习题及答案：1. 仓库管理中，安全库存的作用是什么？答案：安全库存是指为了应对突发的需求变化、供货延期等风险，而保留的一定数量的库存。

它起到了保障生产和销售的正常进行的作用。

2. 为什么物流成本管理需要考虑整个供应链？答案：物流成本主要由运输成本、库存成本和订单成本组成，这些成本都与整个供应链的管理紧密相关。

只有全面考虑整个供应链的物流工作，提高供应链的效率和协同作用，才能实现物流成本的控制和降低。

3. 物流信息系统有哪些功能？答案：物流信息系统主要包括订单管理、仓储管理、运输管理、结算管理等功能。

它们通过信息化手段，实现了物流管理的自动化、规范化和科学化。

二、供应链管理的习题与答案供应链管理是从整体上策划、组织、实施和控制物流活动，以最小化总体成本、最大化客户价值和实现企业战略目标。

下面是一些供应链管理的习题及答案：1. 供应链风险管理的方法有哪些？答案：供应链风险管理主要包括风险评估、风险避免、风险转移、风险承担、风险管理和事故应对等。

一个综合的供应链风险管理计划应该覆盖以上多个层面。

2. 为什么供应链绩效评估需要兼顾成本、质量和时间的因素？答案：任何一个需要绩效评估的工作，都需要兼顾多个因素。

物流供应链绩效同样如此，成本、质量和时间是供应链管理者最应重视和兼顾的几个维度。

只有从多维度进行综合评估，才能真正对供应链绩效水平有一个全面、准确的评价。

3. 供应链整合的好处是什么？答案：供应链整合是指将供应链中的各个环节整合起来，实现信息流、物流和资金流的高效协同。

第三章配送管理同步习题(一)判断题(正确的用A表示，错误的用B表示)1、配送需求是指一定时期内客户由于经营需要，而产生的对物在时间和费用方面的总要求。

( )2、配送需求包括量和质两个方面，即从配送规模和配送服务质量中综合反映出配送的总体需求。

( )3、配送规模是配送活动中订单处理、库存、运输、装卸搬运、流通加工等配送作业量的总和。

( )4、DRP在逻辑上是制造需求计划MRP)的扩展，这两种技术之间不存在根本性的差异。

( )5、DRP的存货计划要求配送设施之间的运输的完成周期没有明确要求。

( )6、拣选是配送中心作业活动中的核心内容。

( )7、流通加工是流通中的一种特殊形式，是在流通领域中对生产的辅助性加工，从某种意义来讲它不仅是生产过程的延续，实际是生产本身或生产工艺在流通领域的延续。

( )8、仓储环节是分拣活动的延续。

( )9、物流经营者应根据客户特征，如配送产品特性、地理分布等，合理定位配送区域，同时对不同的配送区域可采取差别性的配送服务政策。

( )10、配送中心是接受生产厂家等供货商多品种大量的货物，按照多家需求者的订货要求，迅速、准确、低成本、高效率地将商品配送到需求场所的物流结点设施。

( )11、一般来说，配送圈大的话，配送中心的配置数量就会多，配送成本相对高；反之，配送中心的数量减少，顾客距离缩短，配送成本越低，而运输成本要相对较低。

( )12、配送中心设在接近顾客地方，在接到顾客订货后提供及时供货，而且可以一次满足多品种的订货。

( )13、流通加工型配送中心除了开展配送服务外，还根据用户的需要在配送前对商品进行流通加工。

( )14、基于销售的配送中心模式是一种集商流物流分离的模式。

( )15、供应的配送中心模式其业务属于交货代理服务。

( )16、基于资源集成的配送中心模式是一种以资源集成为基础，集商流、物流、信息流和资金流四流合一的配送中心模式。

( )17、由于配送中心是综合性、地域性、大批量的物资物理位移集中地，所以一般配送中心的投资规模、建设规模比较大，社会效益巨大，投资回报率高，见效快。

单元一物流企业管理认知案例导入分析要点：从管理职能看包括计划、组织、指挥、协调、控制、激励等；从工作职能来看包括运营、采购、运输、订单处理、营销、财务、人力资源等。

要做好管理工作，思路：从大到小、由粗到细、由战略到战术。

做好战略定位，设计科学的运营流程，制定一套行之有效的管理制度，培养具有良好执行力的员工队伍等等。

课题一：了解物流与物流企业基本概念知识检验一、填空题1．物流是指物品从供应地向接收地的实体流动过程。

根据实际需要，将运输、储存、装卸、搬运、包装、流通加工、配送、信息处理等基本功能实施有机结合（Logistics Terms GB / T 18354—2006）。

2．输送体系中运输主要指长距离两地点间的商品和服务移动，而短距离少量的输送常常称为配送。

3．切割、细分化、钻孔、弯曲、组装等轻微的生产活动和价格贴付、标签贴付、备货、商品检验等为使流通顺利进行而从事的辅助作业称为流通加工。

4．按物流业务活动的性质可以将物流分为供应物流、生产物流、销售物流、逆向物流和废弃物物流。

二、选择题（有一个或多个正确答案）1.物流活动的中心要素包括（ AB ）。

A.输送B.保管C.流通加工D.包装2．以下（ A ）是企业生产活动的中心环节。

A.企业生产物流B.企业采购物流C.企业销售物流D.企业退货物流三、判断题（判断下列各题，正确的在题后括号内打“√”，错的打“×”）1．流通加工大多是简单加工，而不是复杂加工，因此流通加工对生产加工是一种辅助及补充。

若进行复杂加工，那么流通加工可取消或代替生产加工。

（×）2．流通加工主要为货主商品进行改包装、贴标签、组装处理等，为第三方物流的重要利润来源之一。

（√）3．配送与送货内容相容，都是用户需要什么送什么。

（×）课题二：认知现代企业制度与物流企业知识检验一、填空题1．现代企业制度主要包括产权制度、组织制度、管理制度三个方面的内容。

2. 公司的组织机构通常包括股东大会、董事会、监事会和经理人员四大部分。

Chapter 3Supply Chain Drivers and ObstaclesTrue/False1.The major drivers of supply chain performance are facilities, inventory,transportation, and information.Answer: TrueDifficulty: Moderate2.The major drivers of supply chain performance are customers, facilities,inventory, transportation, and information.Answer: FalseDifficulty: Moderate3.The two major types of facilities are production sites and storage sites.Answer: TrueDifficulty: Moderate4.The two major types of facilities are distribution sites and storagesites.Answer: FalseDifficulty: Moderate5.Inventory is an important supply chain driver because changing inventorypolicies can dramatically alter the supply chain’s efficiency andresponsiveness.Answer: TrueDifficulty: Moderatermation is potentially the biggest driver of performance in thesupply chain as it directly affects each of the other drivers.Answer: TrueDifficulty: Easyrmation is potentially the biggest driver of performance in thesupply chain even though it has little impact on each of the otherdrivers.Answer: FalseDifficulty: Easy8. A facility with little excess capacity will likely be more efficient perunit of product it produces than one with a lot of unused capacity.Answer: TrueDifficulty: Easy9. A facility with little excess capacity will likely be no more or lessefficient per unit of product it produces than one with a lot of unused capacity.Answer: FalseDifficulty: Easy10.The high utilization facility will have difficulty responding to demandfluctuations.Answer: TrueDifficulty: Easy11.The high utilization facility will have no more difficulty responding todemand fluctuations than one with a lot of unused capacity.Answer: FalseDifficulty: Easy12.Stock keeping unit (SKU) storage is the warehousing methodology thatuses a traditional warehouse to store all of one type of producttogether.Answer: TrueDifficulty: Moderate13.Warehouse unit storage is the warehousing methodology that uses atraditional warehouse to store all of one type of product together.Answer: FalseDifficulty: Moderate14.The components of inventory decisions include cycle inventory, safetyinventory, seasonal inventory, and sourcing.Answer: TrueDifficulty: Easy15.The components of inventory decisions include capacity, cycle inventory,safety inventory, seasonal inventory, and sourcing.Answer: FalseDifficulty: Easy16.Cycle inventory is inventory that is built up to counter predictablevariability in demand.Answer: FalseDifficulty: Easy17.Seasonal inventory is inventory that is built up to counter predictablevariability in demand.Answer: TrueDifficulty: Moderatepanies using seasonal inventory will build up inventory in periods oflow demand and store it for periods of high demand when they will nothave the capacity to produce all that is demanded.Answer: TrueDifficulty: Moderatepanies using seasonal inventory will maintain a level inventoryincrease rate of production for periods of high demand.Answer: FalseDifficulty: Easy20. A company’s ability to find a balance b etween responsiveness andefficiency that best matches the needs of the customer it is targetingis the key to achieving strategic fit.Answer: TrueDifficulty: Moderate21.Many obstacles, such as growing product variety and shorter life cycles,have made it increasingly difficult for supply chains to achievestrategic fit.Answer: TrueDifficulty: ModerateMultiple Choice1.Which of the following is not a major driver of supply chain performancea.Facilitiesb.Inventoryc.Transportationrmatione.All of the above are major drivers of supply chain performance.Answer: eDifficulty: Easy2.Which of the following is not a major driver of supply chain performancea.Customersb.Facilitiesc.Inventoryd.TransportationrmationAnswer: aDifficulty: Moderate3.The places in the supply chain network where product is stored, assembled,or fabricated are known asa.facilities.b.inventory.c.transportation.rmation.e.customers.Answer: aDifficulty: Easy4.All raw materials, work in process, and finished goods within a supplychain are known asa.facilities.b.inventory.c.transportation.rmation.e.customers.Answer: bDifficulty: Easy5.Moving inventory from point to point in the supply is known asa.facilities.b.inventory.c.transportation.rmation.e.customers.Answer: cDifficulty: Easy6.The data and analysis concerning facilities, inventory, transportation, andcustomers throughout the supply chain is known asa.facilities.b.inventory.c.transportation.rmation.e.customers.Answer: dDifficulty: Easy7.The two major types of facilities area.distribution sites and storage sites.b.production sites and distribution sites.c.production sites and storage sites.d.retail sites and distribution sites.e.distribution sites and inventory sites.Answer: cDifficulty: Moderate8.Which component of the supply chain decision-making framework would beestablished firsta.Customer strategyb.Supply chain strategyc.Supply chain structurepetitive strategye.Replenishment strategyAnswer: dDifficulty: Moderate9.Which component of the supply chain decision-making framework would beestablished seconda.Customer strategyb.Supply chain strategyc.Supply chain structurepetitive strategye.Replenishment strategyAnswer: bDifficulty: Moderate10.Which component of the supply chain decision-making framework would be usedto reach the performance level dictated by the supply chain strategya.Customer strategyb.Supply chain strategyc.Supply chain structurepetitive strategye.Replenishment strategyAnswer: cDifficulty: Easy11.Which of the following is not a component of facilities decisionsa.Locationb.Capacityc.Operations methodologyd.Warehousing methodologye.All of the above are components of facilities decisions.Answer: eDifficulty: Moderate12.Which of the following is not a component of facilities decisionsa.Warehousing methodologyb.Forecasting methodologyc.Operations methodologyd.Capacitye.LocationAnswer: bDifficulty: Moderate13.Which of the following statements concerning decisions regarding locationof facilities is falsea.Deciding where a company will locate its facilities constitutes alarge part of the design of a supply chain.b. A basic trade-off here is whether to centralize to gain economiesof scale or decentralize to become more responsive by beingcloser to the customer.panies must also consider a host of issues related to thevarious characteristics of the local area in which the facilitymay be situated.d.All of these statements are true.e.None of these statements are true.Answer: dDifficulty: Moderate14.Which of the following is not an issue companies need to consider infacility location decisionsa.quality of workersb.product developmentc.proximity to customers and the rest of the networkd.cost of facilitye.tax effectsAnswer: bDifficulty: Moderate15.Which of the following is not an issue companies need to consider infacility location decisionsa.quality of workersb.availability of infrastructurec.proximity to customers and the rest of the networkd.cost of facilitye.All of the above are issues companies need to consider in facilitylocation decisions.Answer: eDifficulty: Moderate16.Excess capacitya.allows a facility to be very flexible and to respond to wideswings in the demands placed on it.b.costs money and therefore can decrease efficiency.c.requires proximity to customers and the rest of the network.d.both a and be.all of the aboveAnswer: dDifficulty: Moderate17.Which of the following is a characteristic of a facility with excesscapacitya.will likely be more efficient per unit of product it producesthan one with a lot of unused capacityb.would be very flexible and to respond to wide swings in thedemands placed on itc.would be considered a high utilization facilityd.will have difficulty responding to demand fluctuationse.none of the aboveAnswer: aDifficulty: Easy18.A facility with little excess capacitya.will likely be more efficient per unit of product it producesthan one with a lot of unused capacity.b.would be considered a high utilization facility.c.will have difficulty responding to demand fluctuations.d.All of the above are true.e.None of the above are true.Answer: dDifficulty: Moderate19.Which of the following would be a characteristic of a facility with littleexcess capacitya.allows a facility to be very flexible and to respond to wide swingsin the demands placed on itb.costs money and therefore can decrease efficiencyc.requires proximity to customers and the rest of the networkd.will likely be more efficient per unit of product it producese.none of the aboveAnswer: dDifficulty: Moderate20.Which of the following is not a warehousing methodologya.Warehouse unit storageb.Stock keeping unit (SKU) storagec.Job lot storaged.Cross-dockinge.All of the above are warehousing methodologies.Answer: aDifficulty: Moderate21.The warehousing methodology that uses a traditional warehouse to store allof one type of product together isa.warehouse unit storage.b.stock keeping unit (SKU) storage.c.job lot storage.d.cross-docking.e.none of the aboveAnswer: bDifficulty: Moderate22.The warehousing methodology in which all the different types of productsneeded to perform a particular job or satisfy a particular type of customer are stored together isa.warehouse unit storage.b.stock keeping unit (SKU) storage.c.job lot storage.d.cross-docking.e.none of the aboveAnswer: cDifficulty: Moderate23.The following warehousing methodology is one in which goods are notactually warehoused in a facility. Instead, trucks from suppliers, each carrying a different type of product, deliver goods to a facility. There the inventory is broken into smaller lots and quickly loaded onto store-bound trucks that carry a variety of products, some from each of thesupplier trucks.a.warehouse unit storageb.stock keeping unit (SKU) storagec.job lot storaged.cross-dockinge.none of the aboveAnswer: dDifficulty: Moderate24.All of the following are components of inventory decisions excepta.cycle inventory.b.safety inventory.c.seasonal inventory.d.sourcing.e.All of the above are components of inventory decisions.Answer: eDifficulty: Easy25.All of the following are components of inventory decisions excepta.capacity.b.cycle inventory.c.safety inventory.d.seasonal inventory.e.sourcing.Answer: aDifficulty: Easy26.The average amount of inventory used to satisfy demand between receipt ofsupplier shipments is referred to asa.cycle inventory.b.safety inventory.c.seasonal inventory.d.sourcing.e.none of the aboveAnswer: aDifficulty: Moderate27.The inventory that is built up to counter predictable variability in demandis calleda.cycle inventory.b.safety inventory.c.seasonal inventory.d.sourcing.e.none of the aboveAnswer: cDifficulty: Moderate28.The inventory held in case demand exceeds expectation in order to counteruncertainty is calleda.cycle inventory.b.safety inventory.c.seasonal inventory.d.sourcing.e.none of the aboveAnswer: bDifficulty: Moderate29.The set of business processes required to purchase goods and services isknown asa.cycle inventory.b.safety inventory.c.seasonal inventory.d.sourcing.e.none of the aboveAnswer: dDifficulty: Easy30.Cycle inventory decisions involvea.how much to order for replenishment.b.how often to place orders.c. a basic trade-off between the cost of holding larger lots ofinventory and the cost of ordering product frequently.d.all of the abovee. a and b onlyAnswer: dDifficulty: Moderate31.Cycle inventory is used becausea.the world is perfectly predictable.b.demand is uncertain and may exceed expectations.c.it involves making a trade-off between the costs of having toomuch inventory and the costs of losing sales due to not havingenough inventory.d.it focuses on processes that are external to the firm.e.it focuses on processes that are internal to the firm.Answer: bDifficulty: Moderate32.Seasonal inventory should be used whena. a company can rapidly change the rate of its production system ata very low cost.b.changing the rate of production is expensive ., when workers mustbe hired or fired).c.adjusting to a period of low demand without incurring large costs.d.the world is perfectly predictable.e.production rate is flexible.Answer: aDifficulty: Hard33.Sourcing involvesa.deciding the tasks that will be outsourced and those that will beper-formed within the firm.b.deciding whether to source from a single supplier or a portfolioof suppliers.c.identifying the set of criterion that will be used to selectsuppliers and measure their performance.d.selecting suppliers and negotiating contracts with them.e.all of the aboveAnswer: eDifficulty: Easy34.Which of the following are key components of transportation decisions whendesigning and operating a supply chaina.Mode of transportationb.Route and network selectionc.In-house or outsourced.all of the abovee.none of the aboveAnswer: dDifficulty: Moderate35.Which of the following are key components of transportation decisions whendesigning and operating a supply chaina.Software selectionb.Mode of transportationc.Source selectiond.Warehouse selectione.none of the aboveAnswer: bDifficulty: Easy36.Which of the following are key components of information that must beanalyzed to increase efficiency and improve effectiveness in a supply chaina.Push versus pullb.Coordination and information sharingc.Forecasting and aggregate planningd.Pricing and revenue managemente.all of the aboveAnswer: eDifficulty: Moderate37.Which of the following are key components of information that must beanalyzed to increase efficiency and improve effectiveness in a supply chaina.Software selectionb.Source selectionc.Warehouse selectiond.Forecasting and aggregate planninge.none of the aboveAnswer: dDifficulty: Moderate38.When all the different stages of a supply chain work toward the objectiveof maximizing total supply chain profitability, rather than each stage devoting itself to its own profitability without considering total supply chain profit, it is known asa.supply chain coordination.b.forecasting.c.aggregate planning.d.revenue management.e.pricing.Answer: aDifficulty: Easy39.The art and science of making projections about what future demand andconditions will be isa.supply chain coordination.b.forecasting.c.aggregate planning.d.revenue management.e.pricing.Answer: bDifficulty: Easy40.Transforming forecasts into plans of activity to satisfy the projecteddemand is known asa.supply chain coordination.b.forecasting.c.aggregate planning.d.revenue management.e.pricing.Answer: cDifficulty: Easy41.The process by which a firm decides how much to charge customers for itsgoods and services isa.supply chain coordination.b.forecasting.c.aggregate planning.d.revenue management.e.pricing.Answer: eDifficulty: Easy42.The use of differential pricing over time or customer segments to maximizeprofits from a limited set of supply chain assets isa.supply chain coordination.b.forecasting.c.aggregate planning.d.revenue management.e.pricing.Answer: dDifficulty: Moderate43.Which of the following are technologies that share and analyze informationin the supply chaina.Electronic Data Interchange (EDI)b.Internetc.Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP)d.Supply Chain Management (SCM) softwaree.all of the aboveAnswer: eDifficulty: Easy44.Which of the following are technologies that share and analyze informationin the supply chaina.Internetb.Enterprise Data Planning (EDP)c.Electronic Resource Interchange (ERI)d.Chain Management (CM) softwaree.none of the aboveAnswer: aDifficulty: Moderate45.Which of the following are obstacles to achieving strategic fita.Increasing variety of productsb.Decreasing product lifecyclesc.Increasingly demanding customersd.Fragmentation of supply chain ownershipe.all of the aboveAnswer: eDifficulty: Easy46.Which of the following are obstacles to achieving strategic fita.Difficulty executing new strategiesb.Globalizationc.Increasingly demanding customersd.Fragmentation of supply chain ownershipe.all of the aboveAnswer: eDifficulty: Moderate47.Which of the following is not an obstacle to achieving strategic fita.Increasing variety of productsb.Decreasing product lifecyclesc.Increasingly demanding customersd.Consolidation of supply chain ownershipe.none of the aboveAnswer: dDifficulty: ModerateEssay/Problems1.List and define the four major drivers of supply chain performance.Answer: Facilities are the places in the supply chain network whereproduct is stored, assembled, or fabricated. The two major types offacilities are production sites and storage sites.Inventory is all raw materials, work in process, and finished goodswithin a supply chain. Inventory is an important supply chain driverbecause changing inventory policies can dramatically alter the supply chain’s efficie ncy and responsiveness.Transportation entails moving inventory from point to point in thesupply chain. Transportation can take the form of many combinations of modes and routes.Information consists of data and analysis concerning facilities,inventory, transportation, and customers throughout the supply chain.Information is potentially the biggest driver of performance in thesupply chain as it directly affects each of the other drivers.Difficulty: Moderate2.Explain the supply chain decision-making framework and the role of thefour major drivers.Answer: The goal of a supply chain strategy is to strike the balancebetween responsiveness and efficiency, resulting in a strategic fit with the competitive strategy. To reach this goal, a company uses the foursupply chain drivers discussed earlier. For each of the individualdrivers, supply chain managers must make a trade-off between efficiency and responsiveness. The combined impact of these four drivers thendetermines the responsiveness and efficiency of the entire supply chain.Most companies begin with a competitive strategy and then decide whattheir supply chain strategy ought to be. The supply chain strategydetermines how the supply chain should perform with respect toefficiency and responsiveness. The supply chain must then use the supply chain drivers to reach the performance level the supply chain strategydictates.Difficulty: Moderate3.Explain the basic trade-off between responsiveness and efficiency foreach of the major drivers of supply chain performance.Answer: The fundamental trade-off when making facilities decisions isbetween the cost of the number, location, and type of facilities(efficiency) and the level of responsiveness that these facilitiesprovide the company’s customers.The fundamental trade-off when making inventory decisions is betweenresponsiveness and efficiency. Increasing inventory will generally make the supply chain more responsive to the customer. This choice, however, comes at a cost as the added inventory decreases efficiency. Therefore,a supply chain manager can use inventory as one of the drivers forreaching the level of responsiveness and efficiency the competitivestrategy targets.The fundamental trade-off for transportation is between the cost oftransporting a given product (efficiency) and the speed with which that product is transported (responsiveness). The transportation choiceinfluences other drivers such as inventory and facilities. When supplychain managers think about making transportation decisions, they framethe decision in terms of this trade-off.Good information systems can help a firm improve both its responsiveness and efficiency. The information driver is used to improve theperformance of other drivers and the use of information is based on the strategic position the other drivers support. Accurate information canhelp a firm improve efficiency by decreasing inventory andtransportation costs. Accurate information can improve responsiveness by helping a supply chain better match supply and demand.Difficulty: Moderate4.Explain the role of each of the major drivers of supply chainperformance.Answer: Facilities are the where of the supply chain if we think ofinventory as what is being passed along the supply chain andtransportation as how it is passed along. They are the locations to orfrom which the inventory is transported. Within a facility, inventory is either processed or transformed into another state (manufacturing) or it is stored before being shipped to the next stage (warehousing).Inventory exists in the supply chain because of a mismatch betweensupply and demand. An important role that inventory plays in the supplychain is to increase the amount of demand that can be satisfied byhaving product ready and available when the customer wants it. Anothersignificant role inventory plays is to reduce cost by exploiting anyeconomies of scale that may exist during both production anddistribution. Inventory is spread throughout the supply chain from rawmaterials to work in process to finished goods that suppliers,manufacturers, distributors, and retailers hold.Inventory is a major source of cost in a supply chain and it has a hugeimpact on responsiveness. The location and quantity of inventory canmove the supply chain from one end of the responsiveness spectrum to the other.Inventory also has a significant impact on the material flow time in asupply chain. Material flow time is the time that elapses between thepoint at which Another important area where inventory has a significantimpact is throughput.Inventory and flow time are synonymous in a supply chain. Managersshould use actions that lower the amount of inventory needed withoutincreasing cost or reducing responsiveness, because reduced flow timecan be a significant advantage in a supply chain.Transportation moves product between different stages in a supply chain.Like the other supply chain drivers, transportation has a large impacton both responsiveness and efficiency. Faster transportation, whether in the form of different modes of transportation or different amounts being transported, allows a supply chain to be more responsive but reduces its efficiency. The type of transportation a company uses also affects theinventory and facility locations in the supply chain.Information could be overlooked as a major supply chain driver becauseit does not have a physical presence. Information, however, deeplyaffects every part of the supply chain. Its impact is easy tounderestimate as information affects a supply chain in many differentways. Information serves as the connection between the supply chain’svarious stages, allowing them to coordinate and bring about many of thebenefits of maximizing total supply chain profitability. Information isalso crucial to the daily operations of each stage in a supply chain.For instance, a production scheduling system uses information on demandto create a schedule that allows a factory to produce the right products in an efficient manner. A warehouse management system uses informationto create visibility of the warehouse’s inventory. The company can then use this information to determine whether new orders can be filled.Difficulty: Hard5.Explain the role of each of the major drivers of supply chainperformance in the competitive strategy.Answer: Facilities and their corresponding capacities to perform theirfunctions are a key driver of supply chain performance in terms ofresponsiveness and efficiency. For example, companies can gain economies of scale when a product is manufactured or stored in only one location;this centralization increases efficiency. The cost reduction, however,comes at the expense of responsiveness, as many of a company’scustomers may be located far from the production facility. The oppositeis also true. Locating facilities close to customers increases thenumber of facilities needed and consequently reduces efficiency. If thecustomer demands and is willing to pay for the responsiveness thathaving numerous facilities adds, however, then this facilities decisionhelps meet the company’s competitive strategy goals.Inventory plays a significant role in a supply chain’s ability tosupport a firm’s competitive strategy. If a firm’s competitivestrategy requires a very high level of responsiveness, a company can use inventory to achieve this responsiveness by locating large amounts ofinventory close to the customer. Conversely, a company can also useinventory to make itself more efficient by reducing inventory throughcentralized stocking. The latter strategy would support a competitivestrategy of being a low-cost producer. The trade-off implicit in theinventory driver is between the responsiveness that results from moreinventory and the efficiency that results from less inventory.The role of transportation in a company’s competitive strategy figuresprominently when the company is considering the target customer’s needs.If a firm’s competitive strategy targets a customer that demands a very high level of responsiveness, and that customer is willing to pay forthis responsiveness, then a firm can use transportation as one driverfor making the supply chain more responsive. The opposite is true aswell. If a company’s competitive strategy targets customers whose maindecision criterion is price, then the company can use transportation tolower the cost of the product at the expense of responsiveness. As acompany may use both inventory and transportation to increaseresponsiveness or efficiency, the optimal decision for the company often means finding the right balance between the two.Information is a driver whose importance has grown as companies have used it to become both more efficient and more responsive. The tremendous growth of the importance of information technology is a testimony to the impact information can have on improving a company. Like all the other drivers, however, even with information, companies reach a point when they must make the trade-off between efficiency and responsiveness.Difficulty: Hard。