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2. 形容词后缀
(1)带有“属性,倾向,相关”的含义
1)-able, -ible, visible, flexible 2)名词-ish, foolish, bookish, selfish(注意
accomplish, vanish) 3)-ive, active, sensitive, productive 4)-like, manlike, childlike 5)名词-ly, manly, fatherly, scholarly,
(19)表示“从……到,穿越”:
trans- plant(栽培) ~ transplant(移植) form(构成) ~transform(改变,转换)
(20) 表示“副的”:
vice- chairman(主席) ~vice-chairman(副主 席) minister(部长) ~ vice-minister(副部长)
time(时间)~overtime(超时的)
(9)表示“不足”、“低于”:
under- estimate(估计)~underestimate (估计不足)
pay(付钱)一underpay(付款不足)
(10)表示“半”:
semi- conductor(导体)~semiconductor (半导体) final(决赛)~ semifinal(半决赛)
(4)表示“互相”: inter- act(作用)一interact(互相作用) connection(联系)~interconnection (相互联系)
(5)表示“假”,“伪”: pseudo- memory(记忆)一 pseudomemory(记忆错误) science(科学)~pseudoscience(伪科学)
18)-ic, ics, 表示"……学……法" logic,
mechanics, electronics, linguistics
19)-ology, 表示"……学……论”biology,
zoology, technology(工艺学)
20)-nomy, 表示"……学……术"
astronomy, economy, bionomy(生态学)
8、Although some woman are loquacious, others hardly talk at all.
9、Rather than be involved in clandestine meeting, they did everything quite openly.
10、Celestial bodies such as the sun, moon, and stars are always mysterious to human being.
11、Cold beverages, like iced tea, fruit juice, and cola are sold everywhere on a hot day.
12、Doctors advice that everyone should exercise every day, particularly those who spend many hours doing sedentary work, for example reading, writing, typing, or sewing.
to mothers of young children. 6、My opponent’s argument is fallacious, misleading. 7、Mary was a very shy person who kept to herself,
but her sister was gregarious.
词缀附表:
以ion, age, ness, ty, ship, ace, ance, ancy, ence, ency, dom, itude, um, mony 结尾的大都是名词;
以ize, ise, fy结尾的大都是动词;
以ive, ent, ant, ful, ous, able, ary, ic, cal, less结尾 的是大都是形容词;
(16)表示“支持……的”:
pro- government(政府) ~pro-government (亲政府的)
(17)表示“次, 下一级的,不够的”:
sub- subway(地铁) standard ~substandard(低标准的)
(18)表示“远距离的”:
tele- scope(眼界,范围) ~telescope(望远 镜) communition(联系) ~telecommunication(电 信)
(6)表示“错误地”: mis- use(使用)~misuse(错用) judge(判断)一misjudge(错误地判断)
(7)表示“再次”:
re- form(形成)~reform(改革) place(放置)一replace(替换)
(8)表示“超过”、“过度”:
over- estimate(估计)~overestimate(估计 过高)
猜测生单词的方法:
1、A disease that can be spread from one person to another is said to be contagious.
2、A facsimile is always an exact copy. 3、A pentagon is a five-sided figure. 4、She didn’t fathom or understand, his behavior. 5、A perambulator’s, or baby carriage, is very useful
15)-tude, 表示“性质,状态,程度”
latitude, altitude(海拔)
16)-ure, 表示“行为,结果” exposure,
pressure, failure, procedure(手续),
17)-grapy, 表示"……学,写法”
biography, calligraphy, geography
in- accuracy(准确)一inaccuracy(不准 确) finitely(有限地)~infinitely(无限 地) ir-(在字母r前)rational(合理地)~ irrational(不合理的) non- astronaut(宇航员)~nonastronaut (非宇航员) religious(宗教的)一nonreligious(非宗 教的) un- fold(折叠)一unfold(展开)
2) -wise: clock→clockwise(a./adv.)顺时针方向 的(地);like→likewise同样地
3) -wards:out→outwards向外面地, north→northwards向北方地
常用前缀
(1)表示“否定”dis-; i1-; in-; ir-; non-; un-; dis- like(喜欢)~dislike(不喜欢) i1-(在字母1前)logical(含逻辑的)~ illogical(不含逻辑的) im-(在b,m,p前)mortal(终有一死 的)~ immort(永生的)
(11)表示“多”:
multi- pole(极)一multipole(多极) cylinder(汽缸)~multicylinder(多缸)
(12)表示“反抗,相反”:
anti- war(战争) ~antiwar(反战的) pollution(污染)~antipollution(抗污染的)
(13)表示“双,二”:
flexibility, feasibility, 6)-dom, 表示"等级,领域,状态" freedom,
kingdom, wisdom
7)-hood, 表示“资格,身份, 年纪,状
态” childhood, manhood, falsehood
8)-ion, -sion, -tion, -ation, -ition,
motherly 6)-some, troublesome, handsome 7)-ful, beautiful, wonderful, helpful,
truthful 8)-ous, dangerous, generous, courageous,
various 9)-ent, violent 10)-most, foremost, topmost 11)less, 表示否定,countless, stainless,
(2)表示“非”,“相反”,“除去”,“减 少”: de- nationalize(国有化) denationalize(非国有化) code(编码)~decode(解码)
(3)表示“共同”、“和··一起,’: con- centric(中心的)~ concentric(同中心的) join(参加)一conjoin(联合)
goodness, kindness, tiredness, friendliness
13)-ship, 表示"情况,性质,技巧,技能
及身份,职业” hardship, membership,
friendship
14)-th, 表示"动作,性质,过程,状态"
depth, wealth, truth, length, growth
以ly, s, ways, wise 结尾的大都是副词。
1. 名词后缀 1)-or/er/ess/crat/cis:做某件事情或职业的人或
物:worker, debtor ,actress, democrat, 2)-acy, 表示"性质,状态,境遇" democracy,
accuracy, diplomacy 3)-ance, -ence表示"性质,状况,行为,过程,