动词的含义
动词是表示动作或状态的词，在句子中做谓语。动词的基本形式：动词原形、过去式、现在分词和过去分词。
动词的种类 :
类别特点举例及物动词（ vt ）跟宾语I like music.
不及物动词（ vi ）不跟宾语It rained last night.
系动词跟表语I am a doctor. Sheis a nurse.
We are very happy.
助动词跟动词原形或分词I don’ t like playing basketball.
I have seen this movie before.
情态动词跟动词原形She can speak Japanese.
动词时态
一般现在时（3种结构）
表示经常性、习惯性的动作；或普遍真理、客观事实；或某种状态。
“主·谓·（宾）”结构
Peter always spends too much time playing computer games.
Alice usually goes to school by bus in the morning.
I like listening to classical music.
“There · be ”结构
There is There are a map on the wall. some birds in the sky.
“主·系·表”结构
It ’ s very cold today.
The earth is bigger than the moon.
My father is a teacher.
动词第三人称单数
动词特征构成例词一般动词词尾加s like-likes
teach-teaches
以 ch,sh,s,o,x do-does go-goes
结尾
wash-washes
词尾加 es
记忆技巧：吃（ ch）
pass-passes
蛇(sh,s) 后喝 XO
mix-mixes
fax-faxes( 发送传真 )
study-studies
辅音字母 +y, 变 y 为 i ，再加 es carry-carries
以 y 结尾
try-tries
play-plays 元音字母 +y, 直接加 s stay-stays
say-says
一般过去时（ 3种结构）
表示发生在过去的动作。在一般过去时的句子中,动词必须用过去式.
动词过去式及过去分词的构成
规则变化
构成法词例
(1)一般情况下加 ed work -- worked -- worked
play -- played -- played
(2)以 e 结尾的，加 d live -- lived -- lived
like -- liked -- liked
(3)以“辅音字母 + y”结尾的，改 y 为 i ，再加 ed.study -- studied -- studied
cry -- cried -- cried
(4)以重读闭音节或 r 音节结尾，且末尾只有一个stop -- stopped -- stopped
辅音字母的词，要双写这个辅音字母，再加ed.prefer -- preferred -- preferred
refer-referred-referred
occur-occurred-occurred 不规则变化（参考课本）
一般过去时常见的提示: yesterday; the day before yesterday; last（week/ month/ year/Sunday --）
this ---；just now；--- ago; after ---; when ---等等。
注：当谓语动词是行为动词时，肯定句用动词的过去式表达，构成疑问句或否定句时，需借
助 did 或 didn ’ t 构成，谓语动词要还原成原形。例如：
I went to the zoo yesterday.
My mother didn’ t go to the park last weekend.
Did Jim come to see you last night?
.
现在进行时
表示目前正在发生或进行的动作。（只有延续性动词有进行时；非延续性动词没有进行时）
主语 + 系动词（ am / is / are） + 现在分词
现在分词的构成
构成法词例
(1)一般情况下加 ing.work -- working； learn -- learning
(2)以 e 结尾的，去掉 e，再加 ing.live -- living； take -- taking
(3)以重读闭音节或 r音节结尾，且末尾只有一个sit -- sitting； stop -- stopping
辅音字母的词，要双写这个辅音字母，再加ing.chat -- chatting； refer -- referring (4)以 ie结尾的，要改 ie为y，再加 ing.tie -- tying； lie -- lying
现在进行时的标志： Look； Listen ； now ； at the moment / at present
Look. Alice is reading a magazine over there.
Listen . Peter is singing a Chinese song.
Alice is talking to Peter now.
I ’ m learning Japanese at the moment .
特殊情况：非延续性动词没有进行时，它们的现在分词形式表示将来时。
主语 + ( am / is / are ) +非延续性动词的现在分词：表示将来时。
I ’ m going to school now.
Mary is leaving for New York soon.
Spring Festival is coming.
I ’ m arriving in Beijing.
过去进行时
表示在过去的某时正在发生或进行的动作。
主语 +系动词（was / were）+现在分词
David was doing his homework at 8 o’ clock yesterday
.
I was doing my homework at his time yesterday.
Tom was having breakfast when Mary called him.
