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人教版高中英语必修四Unit 1课文翻译Unit 1 Women of achievement―Reading―A STUDENT OF AFRICAN WILDLIFE非洲野生动物研究者It is 5:45 am and the sun is just rising over Gombe National Park in East Africa. 清晨5点45分，太阳刚从东非的贡贝国家公园的上空升起，Following Jane's way of studying chimps, our group are all going to visit them in the forest. 我们一行人准备按照简研究黑猩猩的方法去森林里拜访它们。
Jane has studied these families of chimps for many years and helped people understand how much they behave like humans. 简研究这些黑猩猩家族已经很多年了，她帮助人们了解黑猩猩跟人类的行为是多么的相似。
Watching a family of chimps wake up is our first activity of the day. 我们当天的首项任务就是观察黑猩猩一家是如何醒来的。
This means going back to the place where we left the family sleeping in a tree the night before. 这意味着我们要返回前一天晚上我们离开黑猩猩一家睡觉的大树旁。
Everybody sits and waits in the shade of the trees while the family begins to wake up and move off. 大家坐在树荫下等待着，这时候猩猩们睡醒了，准备离开。
重点单词.词组讲解1. achievement n.1. 达成;完成[U]2. 成就,成绩[C]sense of achievement 成就感people of achievement 有成就的人achieve vt. 完成,实现;达到You will never achieve anything if you spend your time that way.The actor achieved fame when he was only nineteen. 那位演员十九岁时就成名了。
achieve one’s dream 实现梦想achieve success 实现成功achieve the goal 实现目标achieve ,realize, come true的区别achieve：实现成绩、目标，主语是人。
realize：实现，意识到，多指意识到某种道理、规律什么的，主语是人。
come true：实现，多指梦想、蓝图、计划，主语是梦想蓝图计划什么的。
【期末测试】Lucy has ________ all of the goals she set for herself in high school and is ready for new challenges at university.A. acquiredB. finishedC. concludedD. achieved【2015北京】But daydreamers are also responsible for some of the greatest ideas and achievements in human history.【2012天津】Teachers’knowledge is the key to students’achievements.2. campaignn. [C]1. 战役The campaign to seize the city was a failure. 攻占这个城市的战役失败了。
人教版高中必修四英语Unit1单元知识点总结人教版高中必修四英语Unit 1 Women of achievementWarming up1. in pairs 成对2. quite an achievement 了不起的成就；a sense of achievement成就感achieve one's purpose达到目的；achieve one's goal达到目标3. have a lot/much in common (with)…) (与……)有很多共同之处have not much / a little in common (with)…) (与……)没有很多共同之处have something / nothing in common (with)…) (与……)有/没有共同之处in common with…与…..一样4.. give reasons for 给…理由5. fight for…为……而战斗/奋斗; fight ag ainst…为反对……而斗争fight one’s way out打出一条路fight on继续战斗fight out解决6. put sb to death处死某人,判处某人死刑sentence sb, to death 判处某人死刑frighten /scare sb. To death把某人吓得要命7. improve prison conditions改善监狱的条件8. the Nobel Peace Prize诺贝尔和平奖9. one of the top leaders高级领导人之一10. concern oneself with 让自己关注be concerned about/for…对…担心/关心show/feel concerned about/for…担心/关心/挂念……with concern关切地；have no concern for…毫不关心……have no concert with…. 与……无关as far as I am concerned 在我看来11.. welfare projects福利项目12.. China Welfare Institute中国福利协会13. a specialist in women's illnesses妇科疾病的专家14. devote all her life to将自己的一生献给… 致力于…devote sth /oneself to +n./pron./doing 或be devoted to +n./pron./doing奉献……于……15. encourage sb 鼓励某人；encourage sb to do sth.鼓励某人做某事16. show the connection between A and B显示出A和B之间的联系the connection of A with B A与B的关系/联系in connection with…与……相关联；关于……be connected with…与……有关系；与……有亲戚关系“与……有关系”表达法：be related to ; be linked with; be involved in ; be in relation to ; be in connection with17. a campaign for…争取得到……的运动 a campaign against…反对……的运动a campaign to do…为了做……而进行的运动campaign for…参加争取……的运动campaign against…参加反对……的运动18. as…as possible (= as…as one can) 尽可能……“尽力做某事”的表达法有：try to do sth. try/do one’s best to do sth.do all/ everything (that) one can to do sth.; do what one can to do sth.;make every effort to do sth; make efforts to do sth.; spare noeffort to do sth.;go all out to do sth.; do everything in one’s power.19.. rather than而不是Pre-reading, reading and comprehending20. behave like humans像人类的举止behave oneself举止得体；守规矩behave like…表现得像……behave towards…对待……behave well/with good manners表现好/有礼貌behave badly 表现不好21. the night before前一天晚上22. in the shade of…在……的阴影下in the shade 在阴凉处23. move off离开；启程；出发（=start (out)= set out= set off）Move away搬走；move out迁出；搬出去move on继续前进；进行搬迁24.warn sb. of /about sth.警告/提醒某人某事warn sb. against doing sth; 或者warn sb not to do sth. 警告某人不要做某事25. make it all worthwhile觉得这一切都是值得的It is worthwhile to do sth or It is worthwhile doing sth.做某事是值得的be wo rth one’s while doing / to do s th. 值得做某事注意这些句型的差异：worth; worthy; worthwhile1）be worth + n.=be worthy of + n.The matter is worth consideration =The matter is worthy of consideration.这件事值得考虑。
新人教版高中英语必修四完整课文译文.专业.专注.新人教版高中英语课文译文必修四第一单元卓有成就的女性Reading非洲野生动物研究者清晨5点45分，太阳刚从东非的贡贝国家公园的上空升起，我们一行人准备按照XXX研究黑猩猩的方法去森林里拜访它们。
XXX研究这些黑猩猩家族已经很多年了，她帮助人们了解了黑猩猩跟人类的行为是多么的相似。
我们当天的首相任务就是观察黑猩猩一家是如何醒来的。
这意味着我们要返回前一天晚上我们离开时黑猩猩睡觉的大树旁。
大家坐在树荫下等待着，这时候黑猩猩睡醒了，准备离开。
然后这群黑猩猩向森林深处漫步而去，我们尾随其后。
在大部分时间里，黑猩猩或互相喂食，或彼此擦身，这在它们的家族里是爱的表达方式。
XXX预先提醒我们，到下午的时候我们就会又脏又累。
她说对了，但是到了傍晚时分我们就觉得这一切都是值得的。
我们看到黑猩猩妈妈跟她的幼子们在树上玩耍，后来看见它们一起回窝里睡觉了。
我们明白了黑猩猩家庭成员之间的联系像人类家庭一样紧密。
在XXX之前没有人完全了解黑猩猩的行为。
她花了多年的时间来观察并记录黑猩猩的日常活动。
从孩提时代起，XXX就想在动物生活的环境中研究它们。
但是，这不是一件简单的事。
当她1960年最初来到贡贝时。
对女性来说，住进大森林还是很稀罕的事情。
她母亲头几个月来帮过她的忙，这才使她得以开始自己的计划。
她的工作改变了人们对黑猩猩的看法。
比方说，她的一个重要发现是黑猩猩猎食动物。
而在此之前，人们一直认为黑猩猩只吃水果和坚果。
她曾经亲眼看到过一群黑猩猩捕杀一只猴子，然后把它吃掉。
她还发现了黑猩猩是.word可编辑..专业.专注.若何交流的，而她对XXX身势语的研究帮助她勾画出黑猩猩的社会体系。
40年来，XXX一直在呼吁世人了解并尊重这些动物的生活。
她主张应该让野生动物留在野外生活，而不是用于娱乐或公告。
她还为黑猩猩建起了可以安全生活的专门的保护区，她的生活是忙忙碌碌的，然而，正如她所说的：“我一旦停下来，所有的一切就会涌上心头。
Unit 1 Science Fiction Words and expressionsfiction n.小说science fiction 科幻小说historical/romantic/realistic fictionfictional adj.虚构的，小说中的fictional character历史/言情/现实主义小说虚构的人物test out 检验；测试The university students will test out the computer program for any bugs.try outset out (to do sth.)turn outgive outleave outcarry outwork outwear out大学生们将对电脑程序进行测试，看看有没有漏洞。
试用；测试；测验出发；开始（做某事）证明是；结果是分发；用完省略；遗漏贯彻；执行；实施计算出；解决；锻炼穿破；耗尽；使厌烦bonus n.意外收获; 奖金; 红利year-end bonusmore like更像是；更接近less like 不像something like nothing likeThere is nothing like... 有点像丝毫不像；绝对不 没有比...好的be more like A than B 更像是A而不是Beg.(1)He seemed more like a human than a machine.(2)社交机器人更像是一种陪伴，而不是工具。
Social robots are more like companion than tools.make an appointment with sb 和某人预约/约定keep/break an appointment 守/违约 appointment n.预约；约会；委任appoint v.任命，委派appoint sb. as ../to be sth . 任命某人为...appoint sb. to do 委派某人做某事appointed adj.指定的；约定的 1.Kate________________as secretary last month. Now she is making an______________with the marketing manager.(appoint)2. If you are invited to dinner,you are supposed to arrive no later than the ___________(appoint) time.3.A new engineer was appointed_________(deal) with the products returned by customers.was appointedappointmentappointedto dealnail n. 指甲/趾甲; 钉子vt.(用钉子)钉牢; 固定nail polishnail clipper I nailed the sign toa tree.sale n.销售saleswoman n. 女售货员; 女推销员salesman n. 男售货员; 男推销员guilt n．内疚；悔恨；犯罪；罪行a sense of guilt 内疚感guilty adj.内疚的；有罪的；有过失的be guilty of 犯有…罪be/feel guilty at/about对/为…感到内疚/有愧eg.对他的罪行感到愧疚，他承认了所有的所作所为。
珍·古道尔1960年，年仅27岁的珍·古道尔，只身前往在周围人看来是一片黑暗，充满野兽的非洲丛林，开始了她和黑猩猩长达二十多年的“同居”生活。
珍·古道尔对黑猩猩的研究扭转了人类很多错误的认识，令人类改写动物及人类本身的定义。
现在，已经71岁的她依然为自己所钟爱的环保事业穿梭于世界各地，“我知道单凭我一个人的力量不能解决世界上的环境问题，但是我所做的事情仅仅是给人们带来希望，告诉人们他们有能力改变自己所处的环境。
”一只母鸡摇摇摆摆爬进了鸡舍，我想它要下蛋了，我就悄悄跟着12月4日，中央民族大学大礼堂传出一阵短促而尖利的叫声，叫声分明透露着惊喜和激动。
“这是黑猩猩相互问候的方式。
”年过七旬，珍·古道尔博士这位充满神奇色彩的女性依旧神采奕奕。
珍·古道尔从妈妈口中得知，她在刚会动的时候，就喜欢在一些会飞或者可以移动的物体旁边爬行。
“那年我父母带我到乡下度假，他们给了我一个工作，捡鸡蛋。
我每天的工作就是在遍布于院子里的鸡舍中游荡，把鸡蛋放到小篮子里面。
我在捡鸡蛋的过程中发现了一个奇怪的现象，鸡蛋这么大，究竟是怎么从鸡的身体里面出来的呢？我就看啊、看啊，但始终也没有找到鸡蛋出来的地方，我问了很多人，没有一个人能告诉我答案，所以我决定还是自己找出答案。
”“在一个下午，我看到一只母鸡摇摇摆摆爬进了鸡舍，我想它要下蛋了，就悄悄跟着母鸡爬进了鸡舍，但是随后的事情证明我的想法是错误的，母鸡明显被吓到了。
通过这次失败的行动，我明白了我应该在母鸡进鸡舍之前就藏在鸡舍中，等待母鸡过来下蛋。
我爬进了一个空的鸡窝，静静等待，大约过了4个小时，我终于弄明白了母鸡下蛋的过程。
”萌生了一个梦想———希望未来能在丛林中和黑猩猩生活在一起一次找寻母鸡下蛋真相的经历，激发了珍·古道尔探究动物各种各样行为的兴趣。
珍·古道尔11岁的时候，接触到一本书《生活在丛林中的人猿泰山》，由此她开始痴迷黑猩猩这种丛林之王，“我觉得黑猩猩的生活比自己的生活美好，我非常妒忌它们。
Unit 1 Women of achievementReadingA STUDENT OF AFRICAN WILDLIFEIt is 5:45 am and the sun is just rising over Gombe National Park in East Africa.Following Jane’s way of studying chimps, our group are all going to visit them in the forest. Jane has studied these families of chimps for many years and helped people understand how much they behave like humans. Watching a family of chimps wake up is our first activity ofthe day. This means going back to the place where we left the family sleeping in a tree thenight before. Everybody sits and waits in the shade of the trees while the family beings towake up and move off. Then we follow as they wander into the forest. Most of the time, chimps either feed or clean each other as a way of showing love in their family. Jane warnsus that our group is going to be very tired and dirty by the afternoon and she is right.However, the evening makes it all worthwhile. We watch the mother chimp and her babies play in the tree. Them we see them go to sleep together in their nest for the night. Werealize that the bond between members of a chimp family is as long as in a human family.Nobody before Jane fully understood chimp behaviour. She spent years observing and recording their daily activities. Since her childhood she had wanted to work with animals in their own environment. However, this was not easy. When she first arrived in Gombe in 1960, it was unusual for a woman to live in the forest. Only after her mother came to helpher for the first few months was she allowed to begin her project. Her work changed theway people think about chimps. For example, one important thing she discovered was that chimps hunt and eat meat. Until then everyone had thought chimps ate only fruit and nuts.She actually observed chimps as a group hunting a monkey and then eating it. She also discovered how chimps communicate with each other, and her study of their body language helped her work out their social system.Four forty years Jane Goodall has been outspoken about making the rest of the world understand and respect the life of these animals. She has argued that wild animals should be left in the wild and not used for entertainment or advertisements. She has helped to set upOnce I special places where they can li v e safely. She is leading a busy life but she says: “stop, it all comes crowding in and I remember the chimps in laboratories. It’s terrible. I t affects me when I watch the wild chimps. I say to myself, ‘Aren’t they luck?’ And then Ithink about small chimps in cages though they have done nothing wrong. Once you have”seen that you can never forget…She has achieved everything she wanted to do: working with animals in their ownive in the forest as men environment, gaining a doctor’s degree and showing that women can lcan. She inspires those who want to cheer the achievement of women.Using languageWHY NOT CARRY ON HER GOOD WORD?I enjoyed English, biology, and chemistry at school, but which one should I choose tostudy at university? I did not know the answer until one evening when I sat down at thecomputer to do some research on great women of China.By chance I came across an article about a doctor called Lin Qiaozhi, a specialist inwomen’s diseases. She lived from 1901 to 1983. It seemed that she had been very busy inher chosen career, traveling abroad to study as well as writing books and articles. One ofthem caught my eye. I was a small book explaining how to cut the death rate from havingand caring for babies. She gave some simple rules to follow for keeping babies clean,healthy and free from sickness. Why did she write that? Who were the women that LinQiaozhi thought needed this advice？I looked carefully at the text and realized that it wasintended for women in the countryside. Perhaps if they had an emergency they could notreach a doctor.Suddenly it hit me how difficult it was for a woman to get medical training at that time.That was a generation when girl’s education was always placed second to boys’.Was she somuch cleverer than anyone else? Further reading made me realize that it was hard work anddetermination as well as her gentle nature that got her into medical school. What made hersucceed later on was the kindness and consideration she showed to all her patients. Therewas story after story of how Lin Qiaozhi, tired after a day’s work, went late at night to deliv a baby for a poor family who could not pay her.By now I could not wait to find out more about her. I discovered that Lin Qiaozhi haddevoted her whold life to her patients and had chosen not to have a family of her own.Instead she made sure that about 50,000 babies were safely delivered. By this time I wasvery excited. Why not study at medical college like Lin Qiaozhi and carry on her good work?It was still not too late for me to improve my studies, prepare for the university entranceexaminations, and…Unit 2 Working the landA PILNEER FOR ALL PEOPLEAlthough he is one of China’s most famous scientists, Yuan Longping considers himself afarmer, for he works the land to do his research. Indeed, his sunburnt face and arms and hisslim, strong body are just like those of millions of Chinese farmers, for whom he hasstruggled for the past five decades. Dr Yuan Longping grows what is called super hybridrice. In 1974, he became the first agricultural pioneer in the world to grow rich that has ahigh output. This special strain of rice makes it possible to produce one-third more of thecrop in the same fields. Now more than 60% of the rice produced in China each year is fromthis hybrid strain.Born in 1930, Dr Yuan graduated from Southwest Agricultural College in 1953. Sincethen, finding ways to grow more rice has been his life goal. As a young man, he saw thegreat need for increasing the rice output. At that time, hunger was a disturbing problem inmany parts of the countryside. Dr Yuan searched for a way to increase rice harvests withoutexpanding the area of the fields. In 1950, Chinese farmers could produce only fifty milliontons of rice. In a recent harvest, however, nearly two hundred million tons of rice wasproduced. These increased harvests mean that 22% fo the world’s people are fed from just 7% of the farmland in China. Dr Yuan is now circulating his knowledge in India, Vietnamand many other less developed countries to increase their rice harvests. Thanks to hisresearch, the UN has more tools in the battle to rid the world of hunger. Using his hybridrice, farmers are producing harvests twice as large as before.Dr Yuan is quite satisfied with his life. However, he doesn’t care about being famous.He feels it gives him less freedom to do his research. He would much rather keep time forhis hobbies. He enjoys listening to violin music, playing mah-jong, swimming and reading.Spending money on himself or leading a comfortable life also means very little to him.Indeed, he believes that a person with too much money has more rather than fewer troubles.He therefore gives millions of yuan to equip others for their research in agriculture.Just dreaming for things, however, costs nothing. Long ago Dr Yuan had a dream aboutrice plants as tall as a peanut. Dr Yuan awoke from his dream with the hope of producing akind of rice that could feed more people. Now, many years later, Dr Yuan has anotherdream: to export his rice so that it can be grown around the globe. One dream is not alwaysenough, especially for a person who loves and cares for his people.Using LanguageCHEMICAL OR ORGANIC FARMING?Over the past half century, using chemical fertilizers has become very common in farming.Many farmers welcomed them as a great way to stop crop disease and increase production.Recently, however, scientists have been finding that long-term use of these fertilizers cancause damage to the land and, even more dangerous, to people’s health.What are some of the problems caused by chemical fertilizers? First, they damage theland by killing the helpful bacteria and pests as well as the harmful ones. Chemicals alsostay in the ground and underground water for a ling time. This affects crops and, therefore,animals and humans, since chemicals get inside the crops and cannot just be washed off.ime. Many of theseThese chemicals in the food supply build up in people’s bodies over tchemicals can lead to cancer or other illnesses. In addition, fruit, vegetables and other foodgrown with chemical fertilizers usually grow too fast to be full of much nutrition. They maylook beautiful, but inside there is usually more water than vitamins and minerals.With these discoveries, some farmers and many customers are beginning to turn to organicfarming. Organic farming is simply farming without using any chemicals. They focus onkeeping their soil rich and free of disease. A healthy soil reduces disease and helps cropsgrow strong and healthy. Organic farmers, therefore, often prefer using natural waste from animals as fertilizer. They feel that this makes the soil in their fields richer in minerals andso more fertile. This also keeps the air, water and crops free from chemicals.Organic farmers also use many other methods to keep the soil fertile. They often changethe kind of crop in each field every few years, for example, growing corn or wheat and thenthe next year peas or soybeans. Crops such as peas or soybeans put important minerals back into the soil, making it ready for crops such as wheat or corn that need rich and fertile soil. Organic farmers also plant crops to use different levels of soil, for example, planting peanutsthat use the ground’s surface followed by vegetables that put down deep roots.Someorganic farmers prefer planting grass between crops to prevent wind or water from carryingaway the soil, and then leaving it in the ground to become a natural fertilizer for the nextyear’s crop. These many different organic farming methods have the same goal: to growngood food and avoid damaging the environment or people’s health.Unit 3 A state of English humourReadingA MSTER OF NONVERBAL HUMOURAs Victor Hugo once said, “Laughter is the sun that drives winter from the human face and up to now nobody has been able to do this better than Charlie Chaplin. He brightenedthe lives of Americans and British through two world wars and the hard years in between.He made people laugh at a time when they felt depressed, so they could feel more contentwith their lives.Not that Charlie’s own life was easy!He was born in a poor family in 1889. his parents were both poor music hall performers. You may find it astonishing that Charlie was taughtto sing as soon as he could speak and dance as soon as he could walk. Such training was common in acting families at this time, especially when the family income was oftenuncertain. Unfortunately, his father died, leaving the family even worse off, so Charlie spenthis childhood looking after his sick mother and his brother. By his teens, Charlie had,through his humour, become one of the most popular child actors in English. He couldmime and act the fool doing ordinary everyday tasks. No one was ever bored watchinghim— his subtle acting made everything entertaining.As time went by, he began making films. He grew more and more popular as hischarming character, the little tramp, became known throughout the world. The tramp, a poor, homeless man with a moustache, wore large trousers, worn-out shoes and a small round black hat. He walked around stiffly carrying a walking stick. This character was a social failurebut was loved for his optimism and determination to overcome all difficulties. He was the underdog who was kind even when others were unkind to him.How did the little tramp make a sad situation entertaining? Here is an example from oneof his most famous films, The Gold Rush. It is the mid-nineteenth century and gold has just been discovered in California. Like so many others, the little tramp and his friend have rushed there in search of gold, but without success. Instead they are hiding in a small hut on the edge of a mountain during a snowstorm with nothing to eat. They are so hungry thatthey try boiling a pair of leather shoes for their dinner. Charlie first picks out the laces and eats them as if they were spaghetti. Then he cuts off the leather top of the shoe as if it were the finest steak. Finally he tries cutting and chewing the bottom of the shoe. I he eats each mouthful with great enjoyment. The acting is so convincing that it makes you believe that itis one of the best meals he has ever tasted!Charlie Chaplin wrote, directed and produced the films he starred in. In 1972 he was given a special Oscar for his outstanding work in films. He lived in English and the USAbut spent his last years in Switzerland, where he was buried in 1977. He is loved and remembered as a great actor who could inspire people with great confidence.Using languageENGLISH JOKESOne person asks1. There are thousands of jokes which use “play on words” to amuse us.a question which expects a particular reply. Instead, what he gets is another kind of answer which makes the situation funny. Now read some of these customer and waiter jokes. Can you match the joke with the explanation?1. C: What’s that fly doing in my soup?W: Swimming, I think!2. C: What’s that?W: It’s bean soup.I want to know what it is now.C: I don’t want to know what it’s been.3. C: Waiter, will the pancakes be long?W: No, sir. Round.ExplanationA The first person is asking for information about time. The second person treats it as a question about shape.B The first person is angry about something and wants to say, “Why is this here?” The second person treats it as a request for information and gives an answer to the question.C The answer to the question contains a word which, when spoken, can have twomeanings.2. Some jokes are longer and tell a short, funny story. The following is one of those jokesabout the famous detective Sherlock Homes and his friend Doctor Watson. Read it anddecide which of these two kinds of jokes you like better. Give your reasons.Sherlock Homes and Doctor Watson went camping in an mountainous area. They warelying in the open air under the stars. Sherlock Homes looked up at the stars and whispered,“Watson, when you look at that beautiful sky, what do you think of?” Watson replied,of how short life is and how long the universe has lasted.”“No, no, Watson!” HomeWatson tried again. “I think of how small I am and how“what do you really think of?” Said Holmes. Watson tried a third time. “I“Try again, Watson! ” vast the sky is.” Holmes said,think of how cold the universe is and how warm people can be in their beds.” “Watson, you fool! You should be thinking that someone has stolen our tent! ”Unit 4 Body LanguageReadingCOMMUNICATION: NO PROBLEM?Yesterday, another student and I, representing our university’s student association, wentThey werethe Capital International Airport to meet this year’s international students.coming to study at Beijing University. We would taken them first to their dormitories andthen to the student canteen. After half an hour of waiting for their flight to arrive, I sawseveral young people enter the waiting area looking around curiously. I stood fro a minutewatching them and then went to greet them.The first person to arrive was Tony Garcia from Colombia, closely followed by JuliaSmith from Britain. After I met them and then introduced them to each other, I was verysurprised. Tony approached Julia, touched her shoulder and kissed her on the cheek! Shestepped back appearing surprised and put up her hands, as if in defence. I guessed that therewas probably a major misunderstanding. Then Akira Nagata from Japan came in smiling,together with George Cook from Canada. As they were introduced, George reached hishand out to the Japanese student. Just at that moment, however, Akria bowed so his noseanother cultural mistake!touched George’s moving hand.They both apologized—Ahmed Aziz, another international student, was from Jordan. When we met yesterday, hemoved very close to me as I introduced myself. I moved back a bit, but he came closer toask a question and then shook my hand. When Darlene Coulon from France came dashingthrough the door, she recognized Tony Garcia’s smiling face.They shook hand and thenkissed each other twice on each cheek, since that is the French custom when adults meetpeople they know. Ahmed Aziz, on the contrary, simply nodded at the girls. Men fromMiddle Eastern and other Muslim countries will often stand quite close to other men to talkbut will usually not touch women.As I get to know more international friends, I learn more about this cultural “bod language”. Not all cultures greet each other the same way, nor are they comfortable in thesame way with touching or distance between people. In the same way that peoplecommunicate with spoken language, they also express their feelings using unspoken“language” through physical distance, actions or posture.English people, for example, donot usually stand very close to others or touch strangers as soon as they meet. However,people from places like Spain, Italy or South American countries approach others closely andare more likely to touch them. Most people around the world now greet each other byshaking hands, but some cultures use other greetings as well, such as the Japanese, who preferto bow.These actions are not good or bad, but are simply ways in which cultures have developed.I have seen, however, that cultural customs for body language are very general—not allmembers of a culture behave in the same way. In general, though, studying internationalcustoms can certainly help avoid difficulties in today’s world of cultural crossroads!Using LanguageSHOWING OUR FEELINGSBody language is one of the most powerful means of communication, often even morepowerful than spoken spoken language. People around the world show all kinds of feelings,wishes and attitudes that they might never speak aloud. It is possible to “read” others aroundus, even if they do not intend for us to catch their unspoken communication. Of course,body language can be misread, but many gestures and actions are universal.The most university facial expression is, of course, the smile— its function is to showhappiness and put people at ease. It does not always mean that we are truly happy, however.Smiles around the world can be false, hiding other feelings like anger, fear or worry. ThereHowev er, theare unhappy smiles, such as when someone “loses face” and smiles to hide it.general purpose of smiling is to show good feelings.From the time we are babies, we show unhappiness or anger by frowning. In most placesMaking a fistaround the world, frowning and turning one’s back to someone shows anger.and shaking it almost always means that someone is angry and threatening anther person.There are many ways around the world to show agreement, but nodding the head up anddown is used for agreement almost worldwide. Most people also understand that shakingthe head from side to side means disagreement or refusal.How about showing that I am bored? Looking away from people or yawning will, in mostcases, make me appear to be uninterested. However, if I turn toward and look at someone or something, people from almost every culture will think that I am interested. If I roll my eyesand turn my head away, I most likely do not believe what I am hearing or do not like it.Being respectful to people is subjective, based on each culture, but in general it is probablynot a good idea to give a hug to a boss or teacher. In almost every culture, it is not usuallygood to stand too close to someone of a higher rank. Standing at a little distance with openhands will show that I am willing to listen.With so many cultural differences between people, it is great to have some similarities inbody language. We can often be wrong about each other, so it is an amazing thing that we understand each other as well as we do!Unit 5 Theme parksReadingTHEME PARKES—FUN AND MORE THAN FUNWhich theme park would you like to visit? There are various kinds of theme parks, with adifferent park for almost everything: food, culture, science, cartoons, movies or history.Some parks are famous for having the biggest or longest roller coasters, others for showingthe famous sights and sounds of a culture. Whichever and whatever you like, there is atheme park for you!The theme park you are probably most familiar with is Disneyland. It can be found inseveral parts of the world. It will bring you into a magical world and make your dreamscome true, whether you are traveling through space, visiting a pirate ship or meeting, yourfavourite fairly tale or Disney cartoon character. As you wander around the fantasyamusement park, you may see Snow White or Mickey Mouse in a parade or on the street.Of course Disneyland also has many exciting rides, from giant swinging ships to terrifyingfree-fall drops. With all these attractions, no wonder tourism is increasing wherever there isa Disneyland. If you want to have fun and more than fun, come to Disneyland！Dollywood, in the beautiful Smoky Mountains in the southeastern USA, is one of the mostunique theme parks in the world. Dollywood shows and celebrates America’s traditional southeastern culture. Although Dollywood has rides, the park’s main attraction is its culture. Famous country music groups perform there all year in indoor and outdoor theatres. Peoplecome form all over America to see carpenters and other craftsmen make wood, glass and ironobjects in the old-fashioned way. Visit the candy shop to try the same kind of candy thatAmerican southerners made 150 years ago, or take a ride on the only steam-engine train stillworking in the southeast USA. You can even see beautiful bald eagles in the world’s largestbald eagle preserve. And for those who like rides, Dollywood has one of the best oldwooden roller coasters, Thunderhead. It is world-famous for having the most length in thesmallest space. Come to Dollywood to have fun learning a ll about America’s historical southeastern culture!If you want to experience the ancient days and great deeds of English knights and ladies,Every area of theprinces and queens, then England’s Camelot Park is the place for you.park is modeled after life in the days of King Arthur and the Knights of the Round Table. Inone place, you can watch magic shows with Merlin the Wizard. If you want to see fightingwith swords or on horseback, then the jousting area is a good place to visit. If you do wellthere, King Arthur may choose you to fight in the big jousting tournament. Do you likeanimals? Then visit the farm area, and learn how people in ancient England ran their farmsand took care of their animals. To enter a world of fantasy about ancient England ran theirfarms and took care of their animals. To enter a world of fantasy about ancient England,come to Camelot Park!Using LanguageFUTUROSCOPE- EXCITEMENT AND LEARNINGLast week I took a journey deep into space, to the end of the solar system, and was pulledinto a black hole. Then I took a trip to Brazil and experienced surviving an airplane crash inthe jungle. After that, I joined some divers and went to the bottom of the ocean to seestrange blind creature that have never seen sunlight. For a break, I took part in some carracing and then skied down some of the most difficult mountains in the world. I ended mytravels by meeting face to face with a dinosaur, the terrible T-Rex, and survived theexperience!I did all this in one great day at Futuroscope. Opened in 1987, Futuroscope is one of thelargest space-age parks in the world. This science and technology-based theme park inFrance uses the most advanced technology. Its 3-D cinemas and giant movie screensprovide brand new experiences of the earth and beyond. Visitors can get close to parts ofthe world they have never experienced, going to the bottom of the ocean, flying through thejungle or visiting the edges of the solar system. The amazing, up-to-date informationtogether with many opportunities for hands-on learning makes the world come to life in acompletely new way for visitors. Learning centers throughout the park let visitors try theirown scientific experiments, as well as learn more about space travel, the undersea world andmuch more.I bought tickets for myself and my friends at the park’s entrance, but tickets are also available online. Futuroscope is not only for individuals, but is also the perfect mix of funand learning for class outings. Classes or other large groups that let Futuroscope know theirplans in advance can get the group admission rate. For anyone coming from out of town,Futuroscope has many excellent hotels nearly, most of which provide a shuttle service to thepark. If driving, Futuroscope is within easy reach of the freeway. Plan your trip wellbefore starting, since Futuroscope has so many shows, activities and great souvenir shops thatit is difficult to see them all. Come ready to walk a lot— be sure to wear some comfortable sneakers or other walking shoes!。
Women of achievement (Teaching Design)(人教版高中英语课本必修四第一单元)贵阳三十七中李长江Teaching material analysis:The topic of the unit is “women of achievement”. It shows the achievements and contributions of six great women in different countries in different times, as well as the problems they had to overcome. It tells students the importance of respecting and protecting wildlife. More importantly, it helps students learn the roles that women play in the society and build up their confidence, responsibility and right views of society and gender. It encourages students to think about their own future plans and how to achieve them. Students should learn to use some adjectives to describe a great person and understand the reading passage. They should also be required to retell the text in their own words. The class aims to develop students’ different reading skills and self-confidence, and encourage them to learn from great women.Teaching important points:1.Have students learn about some great women and their achievements.2.Get students to learn different reading skills.Teaching difficult points:1.Develop students’ reading ability.2.Enable students to talk about women of achievement.Teaching aims:1. Knowledge aims:1) Have students master the useful new words and expressions in this part.2) Let students learn to use some adjectives to describe a great person.3) Let students learn about some great women and their achievements in different fields in the world.4) Have students learn something about law: "Wildlife protection law of the People's Republic of China"2. Ability aims:1) Have students learn to use some reading skills such as predicting, skipping, note-taking, skimming and scanning.2) Enable students to talk about women of great achievement.3. Emotional aims:1) Enable students to learn from great women, stimulate their love and respect for great women and develop their moral qualities.2) Develop students’ sense of cooperative learning.4. Something about law:Women protection law of the People's Republic of ChinaTeaching methods:Cognitive approach, task-based approachTeaching procedures:Step I Leading inHave a free talk with students. Ask them the following questions:1.Do you know any great people or important people?2. What makes a great person?(suggested answers :cleaver, brave, determined, confident, hard-working, unselfish, kind, active, generous)Step II Warming upGet students to look at the pictures on the screen and answer the questions:1) Do you know these women? Who are they?2) Are they great or important? Why?3) What’s the difference between a famous person and a great person?Step III Pre-reading1.Let students discuss the following questions:Why do you think Jane Goodall went to Africa to study chimps rather than to university? Do you think she is right?2.Ask students to look at the title and pictures of the passage to predict what the text talks about.Step IV ReadingTask 1 Skimming for the main idea of the whole passage:(suggested answer: It talks about how Jane Goodall worked with chimps in their environment and helped people understand and respect the life of the animals.)Task 2 Read the text quickly again to find the general idea of eachparagraph. Para 1. A day in the park.Para 2. Jane’s way to study chimps and her achievement.Para 3. Jane’s attitude to the animals.Para 4. Jane has achieved everything she wanted to do.Task 3 Let students read the text a third time and then work in pairs todiscuss the following questions with partners:1)What do you think Jane is called a student of African wildlife?2)What did Jane have to give up when she went to live in the forest?3)Do you think it is important to study chimps in the wild rather thanin the zoo? Give reasons.4)Do you think you will go if you are asked to study animals in the wild?Why or why not?Task 4 Help students analyze some difficult, long and complex sentences.Encourage them to guess the meanings of some new words and phrases. Askthem to try to deal with the language points in the context.1)Following Jane’s way of studying chimps, our group are all going tovisit them in the forest.2)She spent years observing and recording their daily activities.3)Only after her mother came to help her for the first months was sheallowed to begin her project.4)For forty years Jane Goodall has been outspoken about making the restof the world understand and respect the life of these animals.Step V ComprehendingComplete the sentences according to the passage.1.What did the group do first in the morning?2.They___________. (suggested answer: observed the family of chimps wake up)3.Why did Jane go to Africa to study chimps in the wild? Because she wanted _________.4.(suggested answer: to work with them in their own environment)5.Jane was permitted to begin her work after_________.(suggested answer: her mother came to support her)Step VI Post reading1.DiscussionHave students in small groups discuss the following questions:1)What should we learn from Jane Goodall?2)What made her a great success?3)Do you agree with Jane’s idea? Why or why not?4)What do you think is the best way to protect wildlife?2.DebateDivide students into two groups---boys and girls. Let them debate with each other about the topic: Women are able to do more than men. Right or wrong? Why ?3)Something about law:《中华人民共和国妇女权益保障法》第一章第二条：妇女在政治的、经济的、文化的、社会的和家庭的生活等各方面享有同男子平等的权利。
