OIC
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世界各大组织的英文缩写UN ( the United Nations) 联合国FAO (Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations) (联合国)粮食及农业组织UNESCO (United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization) 联合国教科文组织UNCF (United Nations Children's Fund,其前身是United Nations International Children's Emergency Fund) 联合国儿童基金会UNIDO (United Nations Industrial Development Organization)联合国工业发展组织UNDP (United Nations Development Programme)联合国开发计划署UNEP (United Nations Environment Programme)联合国环境署UNCDF(United Nations Capital Development Fund)联合国资本开发基金会UNCTAD (United Nations Conference on Trade and Development) 联合国贸易与发展会议WHO (World Health Organization) 世界卫生组织WMO (World Meteorological Organization) 世界气象组织WTO (World Trade Organization) 世界贸易组织GATT (General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade) 关税及贸易组织WIPO (World Intellectual Property Organization)世界知识产权组织WPC (World Peace Council) 世界和平理事会ILO (International Labour Organization) 国际劳工组织IMF (International Monetary Fund) 国际货币基金组织IOC (International Olympic Committee) 国际奥林匹克委员会UPU (Universal Postal Union) 万国邮政联盟ITU (International Telecommunication Union) 国际电信联盟IFC(International Finance Corporation) 国际金融公司IMO (International Maritime Organization) 国际海事组织ISO (International Standard Organization) 国际标准化组织ICAO (International Civil Aviation Organization) 国际民用航空组织IDA (International Development Association) 国际开发协会IFAD (International Fund for Agricultural Development) 国际农业发展基金会IOJ (International Organization of Journalists) 国际新闻工作者协会ICC(International Chamber of Commerce)国际商会UEA(Universal Esperanto Association)国际世界语协会INTELSAT (International telecommunications Satellitic)国际通信卫星机构IRTO (International Radio and Television Organization)国际广播电视组织IAEA (International Atomic Energy Agency) 国际原子能机构NATO (North Atlantic Treaty Organization)北大西洋公约组织OPEC(Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries)石油输出国组织ACP Group of African, Caribbean and Pacific Region Countries 非洲、加勒比和太平洋国家集团ADB Asian Development Bank 亚洲开发银行ADB African Development Bank 非洲开发银行APEC Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation 亚太经济合作组织ASEAN Association of Southeast Asian Nations 东南亚国家联盟公约AU African Union 非洲联盟BFA Boao Forum for Asia 博鳌亚洲论坛BIE Bureau of International Expositions 国际展览局BIS Bank for International Settlements 国际清算银行CAC Codex Alimentarius Commission 食品法典委员会CDB Caribbean Development Bank 加勒比开发银行CFC Common Fund for Commodities 商品共同基金CSD Commission on Sustainable Development 联合国可持续发展委员会EBRD European Bank for Reconstruction and Development 欧洲复兴发展银行ECLAC UN Economic Commission for Latin America and Caribbean联合国拉丁美洲和加勒比经济委员会ECOSOC UN Economic and Social Council 联合国经济和社会理事会ESCAP UN Economic and Social Commission for Asia and thePacific 联合国亚洲及太平洋经济社会委员会ESCWA UN Economic and Social Commission for Western Asia 联合国西亚经济社会委员会EU European Union 欧洲联盟G 8 Summit Summit Group of Eight Summit八国集团首脑会议G20 Group of Twenty 20国集团G24 Group of Twenty Four 24国集团IADB Inter-American Development Bank 美洲开发银行/泛美开发银行IATA International Air Transport Association 国际航空运输协会IBRD International Bank for Reconstruction and Development国际复兴开发银行/世界银行ICAO International Civil Aviation Organization 国际民航组织ICC The International Chamber of Commerce 国际商会ICO International Coffee Organization 国际咖啡组织ICSID International Centre for Settlement of Investment Disputes国际投资争端解决中心IDA International Development Association 国际开发协会IDB Inter-American Development Bank 美洲开发银行IDB Islamic Development Bank 伊斯兰开发银行IEA International Energy Agency 国际能源机构IEC International Electro Technical Commission 国际电工委员会IFA International Franchise Association 国际特许经营加盟协会IFAC International Federation of Accountants 国际会计师联合会IFAD International Fund for Agriculture Development 国际农业发展基金IFC International Finance Corporation 国际金融公司IGC International Grains Council 国际谷物理事会ILO International Labor Organization 国际劳工组织IMF International Monetary Fund 国际货币基金组织IMC International Maritime Committee 国际海事委员会IMO International Maritime Organization 国际海事组织INBAR International Network for Bamboo and Rattan 国际竹藤组织INRO International Natural Rubber Organization 国际天然橡胶组织IOE Office International Des Epizooties 国际兽疫组织IOOC International Olive Oil Council国际橄榄油理事会ISDB Islamic Development Bank 伊斯兰开发银行ISF International Shipping Federation 国际海运联合会ISO International Organization for Standardization 国际标准化组织ISO International Sugar Organization 国际糖组织ITC International Trade Centre 国际贸易中心ITCB International Textiles and Clothing Bureau 国际纺织品与服装局ITU International Telecommunication Union 国际电信联盟MIGA Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency 多边投资担保机构OAPEC Organization of Arab Petroleum Exporting Countries 阿拉伯石油输出国组织OECD Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development 经济合作与发展组织OIE Office International Des Epizooties 世界动物卫生组织OIML International Organization for Legal Metrology 国际法定度量衡组织OPEC Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries 石油输出国组织PBEC Pacific Basin Economic Council 太平洋盆地经济理事会PECC Pacific Economic Cooperation Council 太平洋经济合作理事会PIF Pacific Islands Forum 太平洋岛国论坛UN ( United Nations) 联合国UN General Assembly 联合国大会简称联大UNSC(Security Council)联合国安全理事会FAO (Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations) (联合国)粮食及农业组织UNESCO (United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization) 联合国教科文组织UNCF (United Nations Children's Fund,其前身是United Nations International Children'sEmergency Fund《UNICEF》) 联合国儿童基金会UNIDO (United Nations Industrial Development Organization)联合国工业发展组织UNDP(United Nations Development Programme)联合国开发计划署UNEP (United Nations Environment Programme)联合国环境署UNCDF(United Nations Capital Development Fund)联合国资本开发基金会UNCTAD (United Nations Conference on Trade and Development) 联合国贸易与发展会议WHO (World Health Organization) 世界卫生组织WMO (World Meteorological Organization) 世界气象组织WTO (World Trade Organization) 世界贸易组织GATT (General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade) 关税及贸易组织WIPO (World Intellectual Property Organization)世界知识产权组织WPC (World Peace Council) 世界和平理事会ILO (International Labour Organization) 国际劳工组织IMF (International Monetary Fund) 国际货币基金组织IOC (International Olympic Committee) 国际奥林匹克委员会IPC (International Paralympic Committee) 国际残疾人奥林匹克委员会UPU (Universal Postal Union) 万国邮政联盟ITU (International Telecommunication Union) 国际电信联盟IFC(International Finance Corporation) 国际金融公司IMO (International Maritime Organization) 国际海事组织ISO (International Standard Organization) 国际标准化组织ICAO (International Civil Aviation Organization) 国际民用航空组织IDA (International Development Association) 国际开发协会IFAD (International Fund for Agricultural Development) 国际农业发展基金会IOJ (International Organization of Journalists) 国际新闻工作者协会ICC(International Chamber of Commerce)国际商会UEA(Universal Esperanto Association)国际世界语协会INTELSAT (International telecommunications Satellitic)国际通信卫星机构IRTO (International Radio and Television Organization)国际广播电视组织IAEA (International Atomic Energy Agency) 国际原子能机构NATO (North Atlantic Treaty Organization)北大西洋公约组织OPEC(Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries) 石油输出国组织OECD (Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development)经济合作与发展组织CMEA(Council for Mutual Economic Assistance)经济互助委员会(经互会)APEC (Asia and Pacific Economic Cooperation) 亚洲太平洋经济合作组织ASEAN (Association of Southeast Asian Nations)东南亚国家联盟OAU (Organization of African Unity) 非洲统一组织OIC (Organization of the Islamic Conference) 伊斯兰会议组织CIS (Commonwealth of Independent States) 独立国家联合体EU (European Union) 欧洲联盟IPU (Inter-Parliamentary Union) 各国议会联盟OSCE (Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe)欧洲安全与合作组织EEC (European Economic Communities) 欧洲经济共同体OEEC (Organization for European Economic Cooperation)欧洲经济合作组织NAM (the Non-Aligned Movement) 不结盟运动ANC (African National Congress) 非洲人民大会PLO (Palestine Liberation Organization)巴勒斯坦解放组织ICRC (International Committee of the Red Cross) 红十字国际委员会NASA(National Aeronautics and Space Administration)美国航天太空总署NMD(National Missile Defense)国家导弹防御系统WB (World Bank )世界银行ADB (Asian Development Bank)亚洲开发银行EAC (East African Community) 东非共同体SCO Shanghai Cooperation Organization 上海合作组织SEAFDEC Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center 东南亚渔业开发中心SWIFT Society for Worldwide Interbank Financial elecommunication环球银行间金融电讯协会UNCITRAL United Nations Commission on International Trade Law 联合国国际贸易法委员会UNCTAD United Nations Conference on Trade and Development 联合国贸易与发展会议UNDP United Nations Development Programme 联合国开发计划署UNECA UN Economic Commission for Africa 联合国非洲经济委员会UNECE UN Economic Commission for Europe 联合国欧洲经济委员会UNEP United Nations Environment Programme 联合国环境规划署UNIDO United Nations Industrial Development Organization 联合国工业发展组织UNIDROIT International Institute for the Unification of Private Law 国际统一私法协会WAIPA World Association of Investment Promotion Agencies 世界投资促进机构协会WASME Association for Small and Medium Enterprises 世界中小企业协会WB World Bank 世界银行WCO World Customs Organization 世界海关组织WEC World Energy Council 世界能源理事会WFC World Food Council 世界粮食理事会WFDSA World Federation of Direct Selling Associations 世界直销协会联盟WFP World Food Program me 世界粮食计划署WHO World Health Organization 世界卫生组织WIPO World Intellectual Property Organization 世界知识产权组织WTCA World Trade Center Association 世界贸易中心协会WTO World Trade Organization 世界贸易组织WTO-OMT World Tourism Organization 世界旅游组织。
O:OAUS = On An Unrelated SubjectOBTW = Oh, By The WayOIC = Oh, I SeeOICU = Oh, I See YouOMDB = Over My Dead BodyOMG = Oh My God/Oh My GoshOMIK = Open Mouth, Insert KeyboardONNA = Oh No, Not AgainOOC = Out Of CharacterOOTB = Out Of The Box/Out Of The BlueOT = Off TopicOTOH = On The Other HandOWTTE = Or Words To That EffectOZ = stands for "Australia"P:PEBCAK = Problem Exists Between Chair And Keyboard PEM = Privacy Enhanced MailPic = PicturePIMP = Peeing In My PantsPITA = Pain In The AssPLS/PLZ = PleasePMFJI = Pardon Me For Jumping InPO = Piss OffPOS = Parents Over ShoulderPOV = Point Of ViewPPL = PeoplePro = ProfessionalPS = By The Way/PhotoshopT:TAH = Take A HikeTANSTAAFL = There Ain’t No Such Thing As A Free Lunch TARFU = Things Are Really Fed UpTDTM = Talk Dirty To MeTEOTW AWKI = The End Of The World As We Know ItTFN = Thanks For Nothin’THX/TX/THKS = ThanksTIA = Thanks In AdvanceTIAIL = Think I Am In LoveTIC = Tongue In CheekTLA = Three Letter AcronymTLGO = The List Goes OnTM = Trust MeTMI = Too Much InformationTMTOWTDI = There’s More Than One Way To Do It TPTB = The Powers That BeTSR = Totally Stuck in RAMTTFN = Ta Ta For NowTTT = That’s The Ticket/To The TopTTUL/TTYL = Talk To You LaterTWHAB = This Won’t Hurt A BitTY = Thank YouTYVM = Thank You Very Much。
1. BTW = By the way 顺带说一句2. F2F = Face to face 面对面3. OIC = Oh I see 噢,我明白了4. CU = see you 再见5. How R U = how are you 你好吗6. Gr8 = great 很好;太好了7. 2night = tonight 今晚8. CUL8r = see you later 一会儿见9. WAY = where are you 你在哪里惊叹赞扬OMG oh my godOMFG oh my f ucking godwtf what the f uckn1 nice one笑lol laughing out loudlmao laughing my ass offrofl roll on floor laughing暂时离开brb be right back 很快回来bbs be back soon 很快回来bbl be back later 很快回来sry sorry 不好意思FU f uck you *你、滚STFU Shut the f uck up! 给我闭嘴!gimme give me给我xfer transfer传输em them他们的宾格thx thanks谢谢tho though虽然尽管plz pleaseasap as soon as possible 尽快imo in my opinion 我认为smh shake my head (摇头叹气)ttyl talk to you laterb/c becauseDIY Do It Yourself自己动手做的意思C U See YouI C I SeeSP supportLOL Laugh Out LoudKFC Kill fu*king customersPK player killBTW By the way顺便说一句BRB Be right back马上回来TTYL Talk to you later回头再谈BBL Be back later过会儿就回PPL people人们PLZ please请,也有缩写成PLSR U OK Are you OK?IOWAN2BWU I only want to be with you M$ULKeCraZ Miss you like crazyCUL8R see you laterIMHO In my humble opinionasap as soon as possiblefor 42 tou youur yourCU:See you再见CUL:See you later下次再会DIIK:*ed if I known我真的不知道DS:Dunce smiley笨伯FE:For example举例FTF:Face to face面对面FYI:For your information供参考GF:girlfriend女朋友IAE:In any event无论如何IC:I see我明白IL Y:I love you我爱你IMHO:In my humble opinion依愚人之见IMO:In my opinion依我所见IOW:In other words换句话说LOL:laughing out loudly大声笑NRN:No reply necessary不必回信OIC:Oh, I see哦,我知道PEM:Privacy enhanced mail保密邮件RSVP:Reply if you please请答复TIA:Thanks in advance十分感谢TTUL:Talk to you later以后再讲TY:Thank you谢谢VG:very good很好WRT:With respect to关于WYMM:Will you marry me愿意嫁给我吗?BRB: be right back(马上就回来)PMFJI: pardon me for jumping in(请原谅突然加入你们的谈话)sms/txt 短信dunno = dont knowtmr/tomolo/2molo = tomorrow2day = todaynite = night2nite = tonightl8r = lateru = your = areur = yourluv = lovewat = whatoic = oh I seecoz = 'cause = becausen = and2 = too = to = two4 = for (所以241=two for one )wanna = want to (不知道這個算不算)gonna = going to (同上)w/ = withw/o = withoutDun = dnt = dontttyl---> talk to you laterlol---> laughing out loudlmao --->laughing my ass ofAFAIK as far as I know AFK away from the keyboardASL age, sex, locationATB all the bestB beBAK back at the keyboardBBL be back late(r)BCNU be seeing youBFN bye for nowB4 beforeBRB be right backBTW by the wayC seeCUL8R see you laterF2F face to faceF2T free to talkFWIW for what it’s worthFYI for your informationGAL get a lifeGR8 greatHAND have a nice dayH8 hateHSIK how should I know?HTH hope this helpsIANAL I am not a lawyer, but… (as a disclaimer) IMHO in my humble opinionIMO in my opinionIOW in other wordsJIC just in caseJK just kiddingKIT keep in touchKWIM know what I mean?L8R laterLOL lots of luck/laughing out loudMOB mobileMSG messageMYOB mind your own businessNE anyNE1 anyoneNOYB none of your businessNO1 no oneOTOH on the other handPCM please call mePLS pleasePPL peopleR areROTF(L) rolling on the floor (laughing)SIT stay in touchSOM1 someoneSPK speakTTYL talk to you laterTX thanksU youWAN2 want toW/ withWKND weekendWU what’s up?X kissXLNT excellentXOXOX hugs and kissesYMMV your mileage may vary (i.e. your experience may differ) YR your2 to, too2DAY today2MORO tomorrow2NITE tonight3SUM threesome4 for。
1.system1.1 System Alarm 系统报警1.2 System Information 系统信息1.3 View Log 查看日志1.4 View alarm 查看报警1.5 Change password 修改密码1.6 Change Shop 改变厂别1.7 Log Out 退出登陆1.8 Exit 退出系统2.Work Order(工单)2.1 Work Order Manager 工单管理2.2.1 主界面:查看、删除工单2.2 Create:创建工单2.3 Modify:修改工单状态、数量和计划下线日期2.4 History:查看工单历史信息2.2 Reassign Work Order To Lot 重新指派工单到批次2.3 Assign Work Order To Lot 给批次分配工单2.4 Assign Packing Work Order 分配包装工单2.5 Deassign packing Work order 取消包装工单3. Lot Action(批次动作)3.1CF Lot Main3.1.1 主界面:查看CF Lot信息3.1.2 CF Lot Create:生成CF Lot3.1.3 CF Lot Cancel:取消生成CF Lot3.2 Standard Rework:把Lot转入Rework流程(返工流程是预先设定的)3.3 None Standard Rework:把Lot转入返工流程(返工流程是需要选择的)3.4 Hold Lot:滞留Lot3.5 Hold with PWD:滞留Lot并加密3.6 Release Lot:将滞留Lot下线3.7 Split:拆批,把一个Lot拆分成两个3.8 Merge:合批,把两个Lot 合成一个3.9 Scrap:报废整个Lot3.10 UnScrap:反报废Lot3.11 UnScrap with New W/O:将Lot反报废到新的工单3.12 Change Work Order:更改工单3.13 Change Product Spec:更改Lot产品类型3.14 Change Process Flow:更改Lot的操作流程3.15 Change Operation:把Lot移动到需要的操作站点3.16 Insert Lot Operation:流程中插入一个操作站点3.17 Change Lot Type:更改Lot类型3.18 Change Lot Information:更改计划日期1OIC中英文对译3.19 Change Lot Comment:在Lot History中插入注释3.20 Change Priority 修改优先级3.21 File Receive:接收CF厂商的CF Glass信息3.22 EQP Sorting:用Sort进行拆批,混批,报废和CST置换操作3.23 Future Action:对后续站点预先设置动作(Skip or Hold)3.24 Future Action Cancel:取消预约操作3.25 Q-time management :Q-Time设置修改4.Tracking4.1 Array Lot Start:生成Lot Glass,输入每个Glass所使用的PP Box信息执行Lot Start后,相应的Lot会移动到流程的第一个操作站点4.2 CF Lot Start:生成Lot Glass,输入每个Glass所使用的PP Box信息、执行Lot Start后,相应的Lot会移动到流程的第一个操作站点4.3 Lot Start Reserve:预留批次,自动下线4.4 Track In:记录Lot开始当前站点的作业4.5 Track In Cancel:取消入账,使Lot恢复到Track In之前的状态4.6 Track Out:记录Lot完成了当前站点的作业4.8 Slim Track Out:4.9 Assembly:TFT和CF进行贴合作业4.10 Assembly For Fail:4.12 Shipping:将Lot shipping到下一个FAB4.13 PPBox Shipping:PPBox 出货4.14 PPBox Unshipping:PPBox 返货4.15 Un Shipping:撤消Array Shipping4.16 Receive:接收Lot4.17 PPbox ID Create:建立PPBox ID4.18 Lot Assign:批次重新分配5 .Glass Action5.1 Change Grade:更改玻璃等级5.2 Scrap Glass:报废玻璃5.3 UnScrap Glass:反报废玻璃5.4 Change Dummy Used Count:更改Dummy Lot使用次数5.5 CF Pending Glass:6.cassette6.1 CST Main:查看,创建,取消CST6.2 CST Scrap:报废CST6.3 CST Change:更换Lot的CST6.4 Change CST State:更改CST状态6.5 Change Cassette Clean State:更改CST清洁状态6.6 Change Cassette Generation Type:更改CST代数(5或者5.5代)6.7 Change CST Information:更改CST信息6.8 Adjust CST MAP:重新排列CST中玻璃位置7.Mask7.1 Mask Main7.1.1 主界面:查看未设置基本信息的Mask,取消生成Mask7.1.2 Create:创建Mask7.2 Mask Assign:机台内安放需要使用的Mask7.3 Mask De Assign:取消Mask的安放7.4 Change Mask Clean State:更改Mask清洁状态7.5 Change Mask Information:更改Mask信息7.6 View Mask List:查看所有Mask。
世界主要国际组织和地区合作组织一、国际组织1.1 联合国 (United Nations, UN)联合国是最大的国际组织,成立于1945年,总部设在美国纽约。
联合国的目标是维护国际和平与安全、促进国际合作、推动可持续发展、保护人权等。
联合国设有联合国大会、联合国安全理事会、联合国经济社会理事会等主要机构。
1.2 世界贸易组织 (World Trade Organization, WTO)世界贸易组织成立于1995年,总部设在瑞士日内瓦。
世贸组织的目标是促进全球贸易自由化、减少贸易壁垒、解决贸易争端等。
世贸组织设有部长级会议、总理事会、各种专门委员会等主要机构。
1.3 国际货币基金组织 (International Monetary Fund, IMF)国际货币基金组织成立于1944年,总部设在美国华盛顿。
IMF的目标是促进国际货币合作、稳定汇率、提供金融援助等。
IMF设有理事会、执行董事会、总裁等主要机构。
1.4 世界银行 (World Bank)世界银行成立于1944年,总部设在美国华盛顿。
世界银行的目标是提供发展援助、支持减贫、促进可持续发展等。
世界银行设有董事会、总统、各种部门和机构等主要机构。
1.5 世界卫生组织 (World Health Organization, WHO)世界卫生组织成立于1948年,总部设在瑞士日内瓦。
WHO的目标是促进全球卫生、预防疾病、提高医疗水平等。
WHO设有世界卫生大会、执委会、总干事等主要机构。
二、地区合作组织2.1 欧洲联盟 (European Union, EU)欧洲联盟成立于1957年,总部设在比利时布鲁塞尔。
欧盟的目标是实现欧洲国家的经济一体化、政治一体化、安全一体化等。
欧盟设有欧洲理事会、欧盟理事会、欧盟委员会等主要机构。
2.2 北美自由贸易协定 (North American Free Trade Agreement, NAFTA)北美自由贸易协定成立于1994年,成员包括美国、加拿大和墨西哥。
世界各大组织的英文缩写UN ( the United Nations) 联合国FAO (Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations) (联合国)粮食及农业组织UNESCO (United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization) 联合国教科文组织UNCF (United NationsChildren's Fund,其前身是United Nations International Children's Emergency Fund) 联合国儿童基金会UNIDO (United Nations Industrial Development Organization)联合国工业发展组织UNDP (United Nations Development Programme)联合国开发计划署UNEP (United Nations Environment Programme)联合国环境署UNCDF(United Nations Capital Development Fund)联合国资本开发基金会UNCTAD (United Nations Conference on Trade and Development) 联合国贸易与发展会议WHO (World Health Organization) 世界卫生组织WMO (World Meteorological Organization) 世界气象组织WTO (World Trade Organization) 世界贸易组织GATT (General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade) 关税及贸易组织WIPO (World Intellectual Property Organization)世界知识产权组织WPC (World Peace Council) 世界和平理事会ILO (International Labour Organization) 国际劳工组织IMF (International Monetary Fund) 国际货币基金组织IOC (International Olympic Committee) 国际奥林匹克委员会UPU(Universal Postal Union) 万国邮政联盟ITU (International Telecommunication Union) 国际电信联盟IFC(International Finance Corporation) 国际金融公司IMO (International Maritime Organization) 国际海事组织ISO (International Standard Organization) 国际标准化组织ICAO (International Civil Aviation Organization) 国际民用航空组织IDA (International Development Association) 国际开发协会IFAD (International Fund for Agricultural Development) 国际农业发展基金会IOJ (International Organization of Journalists) 国际新闻工作者协会ICC(International Chamber of Commerce)国际商会UEA(Universal Esperanto Association)国际世界语协会INTELSAT (International telecommunications Satellitic)国际通信卫星机构IRTO (International Radio and Television Organization)国际广播电视组织IAEA (International Atomic Energy Agency) 国际原子能机构NATO (North Atlantic Treaty Organization)北大西洋公约组织OPEC(Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries) 石油输出国组织OECD (Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development)经济合作与发展组织CMEA(Council for Mutual Economic Assistance)经济互助委员会(经互会)APEC (Asia and Pacific Economic Cooperation) xx经和组织ASEAN (Association of Southeast Asian Nations)东南亚国家联盟OAU (Organization of African Unity) xx统一组织OIC (Organization of the IslamicConference) 伊斯兰会议组织CIS (Commonwealth of Independent States) 独立国家联合体EU (European Union) xx联盟IPU (Inter-Parliamentary Union) 各国议会联盟OSCE (Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe)xx安全与合作组织EEC (European Economic Communities) xx经济共同体OEEC (Organization for European Economic Cooperation)xx经济合作组织NAM (the Non-Aligned Movement) 不结盟运动ANC (African National Congress) xx人民大会PLO (Palestine Liberation Organization)巴勒斯坦解放组织ICRC (International Committee of the Red Cross) 红十字国际委员会回答者: - 10-11 17:21评价已经被关闭目前有 1 个人评价好100%(1)不好0%(0)对最佳答案的评论UNEP (United Nations Environment Programme)联合国环境署。
CY A :SEE YOUR U O K :ARE YOU OK?IOWAN2BWU :I only want to be with youOIC :Oh, I seeBTW :By the wayLol 是"laughing out loud", or "lots of laughs"的缩写,表示笑得很开心的样子,是网络常用的缩略语。
FYI For Your Information的缩写解释为: 提供给您的信息,供您参考是现在比较流行的英文缩写,常用于电子邮件中BRB 英文聊天中,常用brb简写be right back,意思是马上回来.BBS 是be back soon的缩写,意思是"马上回来".TTYL Talk to you later的缩写,意思是"再见,下次回头再聊".IOW in other words的缩写,意思是"换句话说".KIT=keep in touch, 保持联系.IMO=in my opinion 我觉得,我认为1.asl=age sex location 英文聊天开场最常用的对白,三个字母相应的代替了三句话,分别是how old are you? male or female? and where are you from? 一句话,我们的原则是越简单越好。
2.cuz/cos=because 因为的缩写3.2=to 数字代替了字母4.u/ya=you 你5.how r u/h r u=how are you 你好吗?你怎么样?这是陌生人问好最惯用的问话,当两人熟络起来后,一般会用howare you doing?这样的句子问好,或者是what's up? 注意回答不要局限于中国式的课本回答,fine,thank you,and you?外国人见多了这种回答会疯的,可以说good,great,just ok,terrible,very bad,soso... 根据实际情况回答;而what's up的回答一般为not much,nothing等等6.me 2=me too 我也是7.brb=be right back 一会儿回来的说法,让我想起某变态不男不女的歌星扯着脖子唱的一首歌。
世界上有哪些国际组织各国议会联盟(简称“议联”,Inter-Parliamentary Union --IPU)总部瑞士日内瓦伊斯兰会议组织(Organization of the Islamic Conference -- OIC) 总部沙特阿拉伯吉达裁军谈判会议(Conference on Disarmament -- CD)总部瑞士日内瓦阿拉伯国家联盟League of Arab States 总部在埃及开罗非洲统一组织(简称“非统组织”,Organization of African Unity -- OAU)总部埃塞俄比亚亚地斯亚贝巴北大西洋公约组织(North Atlantic Treaty Organization -- NATO)总部比利时布鲁塞尔欧洲委员会European Communists EU总部法国斯特拉斯堡美洲国家组织(Organization of American States -- OAS;Organizacion de los Estados Americanos -- OEA)总部美国华盛顿国际铁路联盟Union Internationale des Chemins de fer,缩写UIC,总部法国巴黎石油输出国组织Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries,OPEC 总部奥地利维也纳欧洲共同体European Communities 总部比利时布鲁塞尔拉丁美洲经济体系Latin American Economic System,LAES总部委内瑞拉加拉加斯国际红十字会International Committee of the Red Cross,ICRC 总部瑞士日内瓦国际标准化组织international standards organization,ISO总部瑞士日内瓦世界贸易组织(简称“世贸组织”,World Trade Organization -- WTO)总部设在瑞士日内瓦莱蒙湖畔世界旅游组织(World Tourism Organization) 总部设在西班牙首都马德里国际劳工组织(International Labor Organization -- ILO) 总部设在瑞士日内瓦联合国粮食及农业组织(简称“粮农组织”,Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations -- FAO) 总部设在意大利罗马联合国教育、科学及文化组织(United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization -- UNESCO) 。
你不知道的英语短语缩写,超级无敌宇宙版!OIC—Oh I see(我明白了)BRB—Be right back(马上回来)B4N—Bye for now(再见)LOL—Laughing out loud(大笑)ASAP—As soon as possible(尽快)JK—Just kidding(仅仅是玩笑)BTW—By the way(顺便一提)WRU—Where are you?(你在哪儿?)NP—No problem(没问题)RUOK—Are you ok?(你还好吗?)接下来是A-Z宇宙无敌版A:ABT =AboutASL = Age/Sex/LocationAFAIC = As Far As I’m ConcernedAFAIK = As Far As I KnowAISI = As I See ItAKA = Also Known AsAMBW = All My Best WishesAOTS = All Of The SuddenASAP = As Soon As PossibleAR = Action RequiredAX = AcrossATST = At The Same TimeAYCE = All You Can EatAYSOS = Are You Stupid Or Something B:B4 = BeforeB/C = BecauseB4N = Bye For NowBAMF = Bad Ass Mother F***erBBIAB = Be Back In A BitBBIAF = Be Back In A FewBBL = Be Back LaterBBN = Bye Bye NowBF = BoyfriendBFN = Bye For NowBiz = BusinessBM = Byte MeBMOTA = Byte Me On The AssBNF = Big Name FanBR = BathroomBRB = Be Right BackBRT = Be Right There atBTSOOM = Beats The Sh Out Of MeBTW = By The WayBTWBO = Be There With Bells OnBWDIK = But What Do I Know?BWO = Black, White or OtherC:Cam = Web CameraCIAO = Goodbye (in Italian)CID = Consider It DoneCIO = Check It OutCSL = Can’t Stop LaughingCTC = Choaking The ChickenCU = See YouCUL/CYL/CUL8R = See You LaterCWYL = Chat With You LaterCYA = Cover Your AssD:DBEYR = Don’t Believe Everything You Read DETI = Don’t Even Think ItDGT = Don’t Go ThereDHYB = Don’t Hold Your BreathDIIK = Damned If I KnownDKDC = Don’t Know Don’t CareDL = DownloadDLTM = Don’t Lie To MeE:EG = Evil GrinEOM = End Of MessageF:F2F/FTF = Face To FaceFAQ = Frequently Asked QuestionFE = For Example/Fatal ErrorFOAF = Friend Of A FriendFTL = Faster Than LightFTTB = For The Time BeingFUD = (Spreading) Fear, Uncertainty, and Disinformation FWIW = For What It’s WorthFYA = For Your AmusementFYI = For Your InformationFYM = For Your MisinformationG:G2G = Got To GoG8T/GR8 = GreatGAL = Get A LifeGF = GirlfriendGG = Good Game/Gotta GoGL = Good LuckGMTA = Great Minds Think AlikeGRRRR = "Growling"GSOAS = Go Sit On A SnakeGTG = Got To GoGTGB = Got To Go, ByeGTGP = Got To Go PeeGTH = Go To HellGTSY = Glad To See Ya想学习更多英语知识,请关注口袋英语aikoudaiyy H:HAGO = Have A Good OneHAK = Hugs And KissesHD = HoldHMU = Hit Me UpHHOK = Ha Ha, Only KiddingHIOOC = Help! I’m Out Of CoffeeHowz = How isHTH = Hope This (That) HelpsI:IAC = In Any CaseIAE = In Any EventIBTD = I Beg To DifferIC = I See/In CharacterIDGAF = I Don’t Give A FIDGI = I Don’t Get ItIDK = I Don’t KnowIDTS = I Don’t Think SoIFAB = I Found A BugIGGP = I Gotta Go PeeIIIO = Intel Inside, Idiot Outside IIMAD = If It Makes An(y) Difference IIRC = If I Remember CorrectlyIIWM = If It Were MeIMO = In My OpinionINMP = It’s Not My ProblemINPO = In No Particular OrderIOW = In Other WordsISS = I Said SoIYSS = If You Say SoJ:J/C = Just CheckingJ/K = Just Kidding!J/W = Just WonderingK:K/KK = OK/OK, OKKFY = Kiss For YouKISS = Keep It Simple StupidKIT = Keep In TouchKMA = Kiss My AssKX = kissL:L8R = LaterLD = Long DistanceLMAO = Laughing My Ass OffLMK = Let Me KnowLOL = Laughing Out Loud/Lots Of Luck(Love) LTIC = Laughing ’Til I CryLTNS = Long Time No SeeLYLAS = Love You Like A SisterM:M8T = MateMHOTY = My Hat’s Off To YouMM = Market MakerMorF = Male or Female?MYOB = Mind Your Own BusinessN:N = And/Know/NowNAZ = Name, Address, Zip (also means Nasdaq) NBD = No Big DealNM = Never MindNMP = Not My ProblemNOYB = None Of Your BusinessNP = No ProblemNRG = EnergyNRN = No Reply NecessaryO:OBTW = Oh, By The WayOIC = Oh, I SeeOICU = Oh, I See YouOMDB = Over My Dead BodyOMG = Oh My God/Oh My GoshOOTB = Out Of The Box/Out Of The BlueOOT = Out of StockOT = Off TopicOTRH = On The Other HandOTW = OtherwiseOZ = stands for "Australia"P:Pic = PicturePA = Parent AlertPIF = Paid In FullPIMP = Peeing In My PantsPITA = Pain In The AssPM = Personal MessagePLS/PLZ = PleasePO = Piss OffPOV = Point Of ViewPPL = PeoplePro = ProfessionalPS = By The Way/PhotoshopPW = PasswordQ:QT = Cutie/QuietR:ROFL = Rolling on the floor laughing R U Da = Are you there?R&D = Research & Development RC = Remote Controlrgds = RegardsRN = Right NowRT = Rewteet/Real TalkRUS = Are You Serious?RX = RegardsSS2U = Same To YouSB = Stand BySC = Stay CoolSec = SecondSIT= Stay In TouchSm1 = SomeoneSoz/sry = SorrySTR8 = StraightSup = What’s up?SYS = See You SoonT:T2go = Time To GoTBC = To Be ContinuedTBD = To Be DeterminedTAH = Take A HikeTDTM = Talk Dirty To MeTFN = Thanks For Nothin’THX/TX/THKS = ThanksTIA = Thanks In AdvanceTM = Trust MeTMI = Too Much Information TTUL/TTYL = Talk To You Later TWHAB = This Won’t Hurt A Bit TY = Thank YouTXT = TextTYVM = Thank You Very MuchU:U = YouUR = YourU R = You areU8 = You Ate ?V:VC = Venture CapitalVIP = Very Important Person VM = Voice MailVFM = Values For MoneyVG = Very GoodVGN = Vegan/VegetarianW:WAI = What An IdiotWB = Welcome BackWCA = Who Cares AnywayWDYS = What Did You Say?WDYT = What Do You Think?WE = WhateverWot/Wut = WhatWRT = With Respect To/With Regard To WRU = Where Are YouWrm = WarmWTF = What The FWTG = Way To Go!WYW = Wish You WellWUZ = WasWU = What’s UpWX = WeatherW8 = WaitW/ = WithW/O = WithoutW/E = WeekendWan2 = Want toX:X = It means timesX U = Kiss YouXOXO = Hugs and Kisses XQZT = ExquisiteY:Y = WhyYa = YouYA = Yet AnotherYDKM = You Don’t Know Me Yep/Yup = YesYF= WifeYGBK = You Gotta Be Kiddin’YNK = You Never KnowYOLO = You Only Live Once YOYO = You’re On Your Own YR = Yeah, RightYTB = You’re The BestYW = You are Welcome符号和数字:! = I have a comment*$ = Starbucks**// = Wink wink, nudge nudge10Q = Thank You1174 = Nude Club121 = One to one143 = I love you1432 = I love you too182 = I hate you1dfaul = Wonderful2B or not 2B = To Be or Not To Be 20 = Location2d4 = To Die For2day = Today2nite = Tonight2QT = Too Cute2U2 = To you too24/7 = 24 hours, as in all time 303 = Mom411 = Information420 = Marijuana4e = Forever459 = I Love You4Q = Fuck You4NR = Foreigner511 = Too Much Information53X = Sex8 = it means ate, also refer to oral sex 8t = it<3 = Heart::poof:: = I am gone?^ = Hook up?易说堂官方微信:E_say2014。
·1499· E-mail:zgqkyx@ ·用药分析·药物治疗阿片类药物所致便秘的研究进展倪嘉淳1,蔡增进2,江琼1,蓝海波3,杨向东3,樊文彬1*【摘要】 阿片类药物所致便秘(OIC )是阿片类药物常见不良反应之一,会影响患者生活质量及后续治疗依从性。
随着全球癌症患者数量增多及慢性非癌性疼痛患者阿片类药物使用率增加,OIC 患者数量将随之增多。
因此,如何实现有效镇痛并平衡镇痛与OIC 的发生是临床亟须解决的问题之一。
目前,OIC 的治疗药物主要包括泻药、外周作用的μ-阿片受体拮抗剂、促分泌剂、中药等。
本文主要分析了药物治疗OIC 的研究进展,以期为临床有效防治OIC 提供参考依据。
【关键词】 便秘;镇痛药,阿片类;治疗;中医疗法;综述【中图分类号】 R 442.2 R 996 【文献标识码】 A DOI :10.12114/j.issn.1007-9572.2021.02.092倪嘉淳,蔡增进,江琼,等. 药物治疗阿片类药物所致便秘的研究进展[J ]. 中国全科医学,2022,25(12):1499-1505. [ ]NI J C ,CAI Z J ,JIANG Q ,et al. Progress on drug therapy for opioid-induced constipation [J ]. Chinese GeneralPractice ,2022,25(12):1499-1505.Progress on Drug Therapy for Opioid-induced Constipation NI Jiachun 1,CAI Zengjin 2,JIANG Qiong 1,LAN Haibo 3,YANG Xiangdong 3,FAN Wenbin 1*1.College of Traditional Chinese Medicine ,Chongqing Medical University ,Chongqing 400016,China2.Yongchuan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine ,Chongqing Medical University ,Chongqing 402160,China3.Chengdu Anorectal Hospital ,Chengdu 610015,China*Corresponding author :FAN Wenbin ,Attending physician ;E-mail :fanwenbin@【Abstract 】 Opioid-induced constipation (OIC )is one of the common adverse reactions of opioids ,which may affectthe quality of life and follow-up treatment compliance of patients. With the rise of number of cancer patients worldwide and the increase in the use of opioids in chronic non-cancerous pain ,the number of OIC patients will increase accordingly. Therefore ,how to achieve effective analgesia and balance the occurrence of analgesia and OIC is one of the clinical problems that need to be resolved urgently. At present ,the main therapeutic drugs for OIC mainly include oral laxatives and peripheral μ-opioid receptor antagonists ,secretagogues ,traditional Chinese medicines ,etc. This paper mainly analyzed the drug therapy of OIC ,in order to provide a reference for the effective clinical prevention and treatment of OIC.【Key words 】 Constipation ;Analgesics ,opioid ;Therapy ;TCM therapy ;Review基金项目:四川省科技计划重点研发项目(2019YFS0192)1.400016重庆市,重庆医科大学中医药学院2.402160重庆市,重庆医科大学附属永川中医院3.610015四川省成都市,成都肛肠专科医院*通信作者:樊文彬,主治医师;E-mail:fanwenbin@ 本文数字出版日期:2021-11-18[56]白书会,梁江久. 心率变异性与冠心病相关性研究进展[J].实用临床医学,2020,21(4):88-92. DOI:10.13764/ki.lcsy.2020.04.029.BAI S H,LIANG J J. Research progress in correlation between heart rate variability and coronary heart disease[J]. Practical Clinical Medicine,2020,21(4):88-92. DOI:10.13764/ki.lcsy.2020.04.029.[57]SCHEEN A J. Effect of SGLT2 inhibitors on the sympathetic nervoussystem and blood pressure [J]. Curr Cardiol Rep,2019,21(8):70. DOI:10.1007/s11886-019-1165-1.[58]ZHANG N N,FENG B,MA X X,et al. Dapagliflozin improvesleft ventricular remodeling and aorta sympathetic tone in a pig model of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction[J]. Cardiovasc Diabetol,2019,18(1):107. DOI:10.1186/s12933-019-0914-1.[59]PACKER M. Molecular,cellular,and clinical evidence thatsodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors act as neurohormonal antagonists when used for the treatment of chronic heart failure[J]. J Am Heart Assoc,2020,9(16):e016270. DOI:10.1161/JAHA.120.016270.(收稿日期:2021-12-22;修回日期:2022-01-22)(本文编辑:贾萌萌)扫描二维码查看原文·1500· E-mail:zgqkyx@阿片类药物是临床常用镇痛药,由于其易于滴定、疗效确切、安全性高[1],已被世界卫生组织列为缓解癌症疼痛的推荐药物[2]。
中药外敷法防治阿片类药物相关性便秘的研究进展摘要:阿片类药物相关性便秘((opioid-induced constipation,OIC))是阿片类药物最为常见的不良反应,尚有多数OIC患者对传统治疗反应欠佳,中医外敷法在改善胃肠道功能等方面具有良好的效果。
中医外敷法与中药内治法在治疗效果上具有相似性,同时又有着异于内治法的优势。
本文综述了中药外敷法防治OIC的临床应用概况。
当前,针对OIC的治疗,口服泻药存在依赖性高、耐受性差等问题,而中医外敷疗法不良反应少,效果相当,与其他疗法相互结合,能够使患者从中获益。
虽然运用中药外敷疗法治疗OIC,多数患者能够从中获益,但该疗法仍然未能够充分展现出中医辨证论治的特点,更无法做到因人而异,今后仍需进一步的深入研究。
关键词:中药;外敷;阿片类药物相关性便秘;外治法阿片类药物作为肿瘤患者癌痛治疗的主要药物,当前己被广泛的认可与应用。
阿片类药物相关性便秘(opioid-induced constipation,OIC)是阿片类药物最为常见的不良反应。
有研究发现,OIC在口服阿片类药物治疗癌痛的患者中发病率高达90%-100%[1]。
便秘是许多消化系统疾病及心脑血管疾病的重要诱因,长期的便秘可导致脑卒中、肠穿孔、肠梗阻、心梗等并发症,严重降低了患者的生存质量。
当前,西医防治OIC的方法主要包括非药物治疗、阿片类药物转换以及泻药治疗等,然而单一的治疗方法效果尚不稳定,尚有多数OIC患者对传统治疗反应欠佳。
中医外敷法在缓解癌症疼痛、改善胃肠道功能等方面具有良好的效果,据报道显示,穴位敷贴的不良反应发生率为0.15%[2]。
中医外敷法具有应用广泛、不良反应低等特点,其在OIC的防治中占据越来越重要的位置,是值得推广的一种治疗方法。
近年来,阿片类药物相关性便秘中药外敷疗法的研究不断深入,现将情况概述如下。
1中药外敷法的理论依据和作用机制中医学认为,人体是一个有机的整体,人体各部分紧密相关并互相影响。
“‘应该’蕴含‘能够’”(OIC)原则与义务杨松【摘要】OIC原则指出,一个行为如果是人们的义务,那么该行为就是人们能够完成的.相应地也可以说,当一个行为是人们不能够完成的,那么它就不是人们的义务.根据该原则,“义务”应该在关于人们“能够”做的行为的考察中诞生,而不是根据“美德”来制定.实际上,“美德”并不先于在OIC原则支配下的“义务”而产生,反而是在人们履行“义务”并进而对行为予以评价的过程中逐步形成的.而根据OIC原则,当当事人“不能够”时,原义务就已然终止,这时需要根据人们是否过失或者故意导致“不能够”的发生来确定当事人是否应该承担责任,并且以当前人们“能够”做的事情为基础确定新的义务.如果在现实生活中人们确实认可并按照这样的方式来操作,那么这恰恰也证明OIC原则是可接受的.【期刊名称】《北京师范大学学报(社会科学版)》【年(卷),期】2014(000)002【总页数】7页(P102-108)【关键词】OIC原则;义务的形成;美德;义务的不履行;责任【作者】杨松【作者单位】厦门大学哲学系,厦门 361005【正文语种】中文【中图分类】B82-066学界一般认为,OIC(Ought Imply Can)原则首先由康德比较明确地提出。
在《实践理性批判》中,康德说:“纯粹几何学拥有一些作为实践命题的公设,但它们包含的无非是这一预设,即假如我们被要求应当做某事,我们就能够做某事……”① 康德:《实践理性批判》,邓晓芒译,北京:人民出版社,2003年版,第40页。
自此以后,康德提出的这一原则——“‘应该’蕴含‘能够’”,就和休谟提出的“‘应该’与‘是’的二分”一起,成为道德哲学中最为著名的箴言。
但是真正意义上关于该原则本身的热烈讨论则从20世纪中期才开始。
在30、40年代,西方元伦理学中的情感主义将道德语言视为情感的表达,从而把道德判断的形成过程更多地引向非理性层面,并进而拒斥伦理学作为一门科学存在的价值,这引起了学界的广泛争议和不满。
ABS Assset Backed Securitiation 资产证券化ACP Group of African, Caribbean and Pacific Region Countries非洲、加勒比和太平洋国家集团ADB Asian Development Bank 亚洲开发银行ADB African Development Bank 非洲开发银行APEC Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation亚太经济合作组织ASEAN Association of Southeast Asian Nations东南亚国家联盟公约AU African Union非洲联盟APG Asia/Pacific Group 亚太组织BFA Boao Forum for Asia博鳌亚洲论坛BIE Bureau of International Expositions 国际展览局BIS Bank for International Settlements 国际清算银行CD conference on disarmament 裁军谈判会议CHR commission on human rights (联合国)人权委员会CIS commonwealth of independent states 独立国家联合体The commonwealth = commonwealth of nations 英联邦CIA Central Intelligence Agence 美国中央情报局CAC Codex Alimentarius Commission食品法典委员会CDB Caribbean Development Bank加勒比开发银行CFC Common Fund for Commodities商品共同基金CFATF Caribben Financial Action Task Force 加勒比反特别行动组CFA Chartered Financial Analyst 注册金融分析师CSD Commission on Sustainable Development联合国可持续发展委员会EFTA = European Free Trade Association 欧洲自由贸易协会 EP = European Parliament 欧洲议会EBRD European Bank for Reconstruction and Development欧洲复兴发展银行ECLAC UN Economic Commission for Latin America and Caribbean 联合国拉丁美洲和加勒比经济委员会ECOSOC UN Economic and Social Council 联合国经济和社会理事会ESCAP UN Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific联合国亚洲及太平洋经济社会委员会ESCWA UN Economic and Social Commission for Western Asia 联合国西亚经济社会委员会EU European Union欧洲联盟GFBI Federal Bureau of investigation 美国联邦调查局FATF Financial Action Task Force 反洗钱金融特别行动组FAO Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations 联合国粮农组织GCC Gulf Cooperation Council 海湾合作委员会G 8 Summit Group of Eight Summit 八国集团首脑会议G20 Group of Twenty 20国集团G24Group of Twenty Four 24国集团G-7 = Group of Seven (西方)七国集团GATT General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade 关税及贸易总协定IAEA = International Atomic Energy Agency 国际原子能机构IADB Inter-American Development Bank 美洲开发银行/泛美开发银行IATA International Air Transport Association国际航空运输协会IBRD International Bank for Reconstruction and Development国际复兴开发银行/世界银行ICAO International Civil Aviation Organization 国际民航组织ICC The International Chamber of Commerce 国际商会ICRC International Committee of the Red Cross 国际红十字会ICJ = International Court of Justice (联合国)国际法院;海牙国际法庭ICO International Coffee Organization国际咖啡组织ICSID International Centre for Settlement of Investment Disputes国际投资争端解决中心IDA International Development Association国际开发协会IDB Inter-American Development Bank美洲开发银行IDB Islamic Development Bank伊斯兰开发银行IEA International Energy Agency国际能源机构IEC International Electro Technical Commission国际电工委员会IFA International Franchise Association国际特许经营加盟协会IFAC International Federation of Accountants国际会计师联合会IFAD International Fund for Agriculture Development国际农业发展基金IFC International Finance Corporation国际金融公司IGC International Grains Council国际谷物理事会ILO International Labor Organization国际劳工组织IMF International Monetary Fund国际货币基金组织IMC International Maritime Committee国际海事委员会IMO International Maritime Organization 国际海事组织INBAR International Network for Bamboo and Rattan国际竹藤组织INRO International Natural Rubber Organization国际天然橡胶组织IOE Office International Des Epizooties 国际兽疫组织IOC = International Olympic committee 国际奥委会IOJ International Organization of Journalists 国际新闻工作者协会IOOC International Olive Oil Council国际橄榄油理事会IPU Inter—Parliamentary Union 各国议会联盟ISDB Islamic Development Bank 伊斯兰开发银行ISF International Shipping Federation国际海运联合会ISO International Organization for Standardization国际标准化组织ISO International Sugar Organization国际糖组织ITC International Trade Centre国际贸易中心ITCB International Textiles and Clothing Bureau 国际纺织品与服装局ITU International Telecommunication Union 国际电信联盟Interpol = International Criminal Police Organization 国际刑事警察组织NATO = North Atlantic Treaty Organization 北大西洋公约组织NAM = Non-Aligned Movement 不结盟运动MOS Microsoft Offfice Specialist 国际权威职业化办公认证MPV Multi--Purpose Vehicle 多用途车MIGA Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency 多边投资担保机构OAS = Organization of American States 美洲国家组织OAU Organization of African Unity 非洲统一组织OAPEC Organization of Arab Petroleum Exporting Countries阿拉伯石油输出国组织OECD Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development 经济合作与发展组织OIE Office International Des Epizooties世界动物卫生组织OIC Organization of the Islamic Conference 伊斯兰会议组织OIML International Organization for Legal Metrology国际法定度量衡组织OPEC Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries 石油输出国组织OSCE = Organization for Security and Cooperation in European 欧洲安全与合作组织PLO Palestine Liberation Organization 巴勒斯坦解放组织PBEC Pacific Basin Economic Council 太平洋盆地经济理事会PECC Pacific Economic Cooperation Council太平洋经济合作理事会PIF Pacific Islands Forum 太平洋岛国论坛SC(UN) = Security Council of United Nations (联合国)安理会SNES = Seven-Nation Economic Summit 七国经济最高级会议SCO Shanghai Cooperation Organization上海合作组织SEAFDEC Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center东南亚渔业开发中心SWIFT Society for Worldwide Interbank Financial elecommunication环球银行间金融电讯协会SUV Sports Utility Vehicle 运动休闲车UPU Universal Postal Union 万国邮政联盟UNCITRAL United Nations Commission on International Trade Law联合国国际贸易法委员会UNCTAD United Nations Conference on Trade and Development联合国贸易与发展会议UNDP United Nations Development Programme联合国开发计划署UNECA UN Economic Commission for Afric 联合国非洲经济委员会UNECE UN Economic Commission for Europe 联合国欧洲经济委员会UNEP United Nations Environment Programme 联合国环境规划署UNIDO United Nations Industrial Development Organization 联合国工业发展组织UNIDROIT International Institute for the Unification of Private Law 国际统一私法协会UNESCO Unitde Nations Education ,Scientific and Culutral Organization 联合国教科文组织WAIPA World Association of Investment PromotionAgencies 世界投资促进机构协会WASME Association for Small and Medium Enterprises 世界中小企业协会WB World Bank 世界银行WCO World Customs Organization 世界海关组织WMO World Meteorological Organization 世界气象组织WIPO World Intellectual Property Organization 世界知识产权组织WEC World Energy Council 世界能源理事会WFC World Food Council 世界粮食理事会WFDSA World Federation of Direct Selling Associations 世界直销协会联盟WFP World Food Programme 世界粮食计划署WHO World Health Organization 世界卫生组织WIPO World Intellectual Property Organization 世界知识产权组织WTCA World Trade Center Association 世界贸易中心协会WTO World Trade Organization 世界贸易组织WTO-OMT World Tourism Organization 世界旅游组织TC = Trusteeship Council (联合国)托管理事会U.N. = United Nations 联合国UNCTAD = United Nations Conference on Trade and Development 联合国贸易与发展会议大众媒体 Mass Media分众媒体 Demassify /Demassification Media传统媒体 Traditional Media。
欧盟 European Union -- EU 欧元(euro)阿盟阿拉伯国家联盟League of Arab States -- LAS非洲联盟(African Union -- AU,简称“非盟”)东南亚国家联盟(简称东盟,Association of Southeast Asian Nations -- ASEAN北大西洋公约组织(North Atlantic Treaty Organization -- NATO ),简称北约1949年4月4日,美国、加拿大、英国、法国、比利时、荷兰、卢森堡、丹麦、挪威、冰岛、葡萄牙和意大利等12国在美国首都华盛顿签订了北大西洋公约,宣布成立北大西洋公约组织(North Atlantic Treaty Organization -- NATO ),简称北约。
大赦国际(Amnesty International -- AI)英联邦(The Commonwealth)不结盟运动(Non-Aligned Movement -- NAM)巴黎俱乐部(Paris Club) 也称“十国集团” (Group-10)南方中心(South Centre)是以促进南南合作为宗旨的国际著名政府间组织和智库,其前身是南方委员会。
南方委员会为第三世界国家政界、外交界、经济界和学术界著名人士组成的国际性组织。
1985年由委内瑞拉前总统佩雷斯建议,1986年5月在吉隆坡第二次南南会议决定建立,同年9月宣布正式成立,1994年9月正式改名为南方中心。
总部设在日内瓦,现有包括中国在内的51个成员。
独联体是独立国家联合体 (Commonwealth of Independent States -- CIS) 的简称上海合作组织(Shanghai Cooperation Organization -- SCO)阿拉伯各国议会联盟(Arab Inter-Parliamentary Union -- AIPU)阿拉伯国家联盟(League of Arab States -- LAS,简称“阿盟”)西欧联盟(Western European Union -- WEU) 1955年5月6日成立,前身为布鲁塞尔条约组织,拥有比利时、法国、德国、希腊、意大利、卢森堡、荷兰、葡萄牙、西班牙和英国10个正式成员国。
欧美聊天口语常用缩写大全英语聊天常用缩写sms/txt = 短信dunno = dont knowtmr/tomolo/2molo = tomorrow2day = todaynite = night2nite = tonightl8r = lateru = your = areur = yourluv = lovewat = whatoic = oh I seeco z = ’cause = becausen = and2 = too = to = two4 = for (所以241=two for one )wanna = want to (不知道這個算不算)gonna = going to (同上)w/ = withw/o = withoutDun = dnt = dontttyl = talk to you laterlol = laughing out loudlmao = laughing my ass ofAFAIK = as far as I knowAFK = away from the keyboardASL = age, sex, locationA TB = all the bestB = beBAK = back at the keyboardBBL = be back late(r)BCNU = be seeing youBFN = bye for nowB4 = beforeBRB = be right backBTW = by the wayC = seeCUL8R = see you laterF2F = face to faceF2T = free to talkFWIW = for what it’s worthFYI = for your informationGAL = get a lifeGR8 = greatHAND = have a nice dayH8 = hateHSIK = how should I know?HTH = hope this helpsIANAL = I am not a lawyer, but… (as a disclaimer)IMHO = in my humble opinionIMO = in my opinionIOW = in other wordsJIC = just in caseJK = just kiddingKIT = keep in touchKWIM = know what I mean?L8R = laterLOL = lots of luck/laughing out loudMOB = mobileMSG = messageMYOB = mind your own businessNE = anyNE1 = anyoneNOYB = none of your businessNO1 = no oneOTOH = on the other handPCM = please call mePLS = pleasePPL = peopleR = areROTF(L) = rolling on the floor (laughing)SIT = stay in touchSOM1 someoneSPK = speakTTYL = talk to you laterTX = thanksU = youWAN2 = want toW/ = withWKND = weekendWU = what’s up?X = kissXLNT = excellentXOXOX = hugs and kissesYMMV = your mileage may vary (i.e. your experience may differ)YR = your2 to, ’= too2DAY = today2MORO = tomorrow2NITE = tonight3SUM = threesome4 = for在聊天当中,他们为了速度,会打一些简写,以下是一些常用的。
致家长为什么要选择读加拿大安大略国际学院(简称OIC)?安大略国际学院(OIC)位于加拿大最大的城市暨安大略省首府——多伦多市,系在加拿大安大略省教育部注册(注册批准文号:666777),并通过严格审查评估,可以颁发安大略省高中毕业文凭和大学预备课程学分的国际中学和大学预科学院。
地理位置优越,在加拿大经济龙头省份安大略省的省会城市多伦多市白人富人区——北约克区,有良OIC地理位置优越好的治安环境。
安大略省提供了加拿大全国近一半的就业机会,多伦多是加拿大的金融中心,拥有北美第二大公共交通运输系统,传媒业发达,集聚了加拿大最大的律师行、会计师行、旅游公司、房地产公司以及其他各种第三产业的大型服务提供商,并且多伦多电子科技软件公司数量全球排名第四,有北美“北方硅谷”美誉,为学生未来就业提供了极大的发展空OIC教学管理严格教学管理严格,是多伦多地区高中及预科学校管理最严格的学校,每两个小时查一次考勤,包括按时回寄宿家庭,所有缺勤以及考试成绩,老师评语均会通知家长,以便家长了解学生学习情况OIC升学辅导尽责升学辅导尽责,是极少数在升学方面对学生做详细辅导的学校,每年会请一些学校老师来做升学讲座,并且学校有专门老师辅导学生升学材料,保障学生顺利升入理想大学住宿管理严谨,目前提供寄宿家庭,学生可根据自身情况选择白人或华人家庭,是否包三餐。
未满18 OIC住宿管理严谨周岁由学校老师做监护人。
寄宿家庭和学校会共同负责学生安全问题。
OIC名校升学率极高名校升学率极高,大学升学率为100%,名校升学率为90%以上,是多伦多地区有良好口碑的学校。
2010年多伦多大学主校区录取了OIC多伦多大学直通班(2009届)全部学生,2010年升学的学生大部分获得多伦多大学,滑铁卢大学,西安大略大学,皇后大学,布鲁克大学,约克大学等众多名校或优势专业奖学金。
OIC后期服务细致后期服务细致,提供膳宿费管理服务,引导学生养好良好的消费习惯和学习习惯家长查询系统,,家长可以在OIC学校网站输入自己孩子的学号随时查询跟踪到孩子的学习状况,学校OIC家长查询系统也会定期给家长发反馈邮件,家长除了驻华代表处也可以直接回邮件和学校保持沟通。
2008年本校基于优良的师资以及丰富的教学经验和高比例的名校升学率年本校基于优良的师资以及丰富的教学经验和高比例的名校升学率,,开设了整个加拿大第一个承诺式名校升学的直通班课程名校升学的直通班课程,,分为多伦多大学直分为多伦多大学直通班通班通班,,和十所名校直通班2008年成为美国医科专业国际生指定考点2009年本校学生接收CCTV4记者的采访2009年获得加拿大多伦多唯一指定的本土学生申请美国医科大学专业的英语测试机构2010年本校直通班学生均年本校直通班学生均收收到多伦多大学到多伦多大学和十所名校和十所名校和十所名校录取信录取信录取信。
共获得共获得奖学金共计奖学金共计100万人民币左右 2011年多年多本校本校本校直通班学生直通班学生直通班学生均均收到多伦多大学收到多伦多大学和十所名校和十所名校和十所名校录取信录取信录取信,,共获得奖学金共计120万人民币左右 2011年9月起成为雅思考点月起成为雅思考点,,并且雅思中心可专程来我校为我本校直通班学生进行专属雅思测试 2011年12月起学校可为学生家长提供膳宿月起学校可为学生家长提供膳宿费管理服务费管理服务2012年2月收到多大官方邮件月收到多大官方邮件,,可来校提供多伦多大学招生讲座和咨询2012年4月收到多大信函月收到多大信函,,我校进入了2012年申请多伦多大学前100位的高等中学名录学生根据成绩不同可选择什么课程?留学课程方案?————》》国内高三毕业学生国内高三毕业学生((直通班直通班))第五届第五届““多伦多大学直通班多伦多大学直通班””(每年7月~10月开课月开课))课程优势课程优势::升学目标为加拿大多伦多大学,包括(St. George 校区,Mississauga 校区, Scarborough 校区)。
为学生提供签约式教学保障服务。
特聘于多伦多大学的教育学博士亲自进行教学管理,采用密集型教学方式,在本校规定学期的教学过程中达到多伦多大学的录取条件。
由本校专职升学辅导教师指导学生准备升学所需文件。
如学生在开课日期前提前到校,可以免费修读一个月语言课程。
课程保障课程保障::学校郑重承诺入读本校“多伦多大学直通”班的学生,如因学校教育质量问题未能如期顺利入读多伦多大学,学校将退还全部学费,并负责为学生申请入读加拿大其它一类大学。
学生可在拿到多伦多大学录取通知的同时自由选择其他中意的大学申请和入读。
开课时间开课时间::2012.7~10月升学时间升学时间::2013年秋季录取要求录取要求::1.成绩优秀高三毕业学生; 2.高中各科成绩平均成绩达到85%左右,其中英语成绩不得低于85% 3.学生需参加OIC 英文和数学考试; 4. 身体健康,品行端正,无不良记录;学费学费::29980加币(包含两级EAP 语言,雅思,6门安省学分课,安省高中毕业证课程) 多伦多大学多伦多大学::当之无愧的第一1827年,John Strachan 获得了成立King's College 的皇家特许,这所学院便是后来的多伦多大学的前身。
经过一百多年的发展,现在多伦多大学已经是“如果我称第二,无人敢称第一”。
大学的专业从航天技术到动物园学无所不包,而且样样堪称一流。
荣获诺贝尔奖的教授人数也是加拿大最多的。
它既是加拿大高等教育的翘楚,也是世界最著名的研究性大学之一。
它座落于北美第四大城市,加拿大的经济、科技、文化中心多伦多;拥有3所分校,600余种本科专业,210多类研究生项目及34座图书馆——多大拥有藏书1900余万册的北美第四大,加拿大最大的学术图书馆系统。
每年发表的科研论文数量在北美仅次于哈佛大学,引用量也位居世界第六。
自八十年代起,平均五年即有一位多大校友荣获诺贝尔奖。
据泰晤士高等教育与汤姆森路透提供的世界著名大学排名,多大位列加拿大第一及世界十七。
其中以数学,统计学,英语言文学,经济学,商科,生物学,化学,财会,计算机科学,建筑学,工程学,心理学,法学,金融学,哲学,医学等尤为杰出。
与麦吉尔大学作为加拿大的旗帜学府,同美国常春藤盟校分庭抗礼。
多伦多大学拥有世界上最大的校友网络之一,共包括校友48万余名。
其中包括4位加拿大总理,15位最高法院大法官及10名诺贝尔奖获得者(7名在1980年后获得)。
第五届第五届““10所名牌大学直通班所名牌大学直通班””每年7月~10月开课国内高中平均成绩80%以上,无需语言要求,通过我校英语和数学测试,一旦录取,承诺升学目标为麦克马斯特/西安大略/英属哥伦比亚/阿尔伯塔/麦吉尔/皇后/渥太华/卡尔加里/曼尼托巴/达尔豪斯其中一所或几所,学校和家长以及学生签署升学承诺书,若因学校教学质量无法申到以上大学中一所则全额退学费且免费帮学生申其他同等级大学课程优势课程优势::升学目标为加拿大十所知名一类大学,这些大学分别是:麦柯玛斯特大学麦柯玛斯特大学((McMaster University )西安大略大学 (University of Western Ontario )英属哥伦比亚大学 (University of British Columbia )阿尔伯塔大学 (University of Alberta )麦基尔大学麦基尔大学((McGill University )皇后大学 (Queen’s University )渥太华大学 (University of Ottawa )卡尔加里大学 (University of Calgary )曼尼托巴大学 (University of Manitoba )达尔豪斯大学 (Dalhousie University )为学生提供签约式教学保证服务。
该班特聘知名大学毕业博士和执教多年的资深教师,进行教学管理或授课,并采用密集型小班授课的 教学方式,通过本校独特的“名牌大学保证班”的精品课程,在本校规定学期的教学过程中使学生达到上述十所大学当中的任何一所的录取条件。
由本校专职升学辅导教师指导学生准备升学所需文件。
如学生在开课日期前提前到校,可以免费修读一个月的语言课程。
课程课程保障保障保障::学校郑重承诺入读本校“名牌大学保证班”的学生,如因学校教育质量问题未能如期顺利入读上述十所大学,学校将退还全部学费,并负责为学生申请入读加拿大其它一类大学。
学生可在拿到上述八所大学其中一所或多所大学录取通知的同时自由选择其他中意的大学申请和入读。
到校时间到校时间::2012.7~10月升学时间升学时间::2013年秋季录取要求录取要求::1. 成绩优秀高三毕业学生;2. 高中两年各科平均成绩达到80%以上,其中英语成绩不得低于80%3. 需参加OIC 的录取英语考试和数学考试;4. 身体健康,品行端正,无不良记录;学费学费::25980加币(包含两级EAP 语言,雅思,6门安省学分课,安省高中毕业证课程)麦克马斯特大学麦克马斯特大学::加拿大的MIT麦克马斯特大学的历史最早可追溯到1830年,当时的参议员William McMaster 捐款成立了一所“基督徒学校”,后在1887年正式成立为麦克马斯特大学。
在校师生约18000人,作为加拿大中型规模的大学,麦大以其独特的创新性和求实理念而成为加拿大最著名的公立大学。
在加拿大一流大学评比中,麦克马斯特大学连年被誉为最富有创造力与革新精神的学府,其工程学院更是在全北美名列前茅,素来有加拿大的MIT 之称,名列加拿大六大名校之一。
其中有1994年诺贝尔物理奖获得者,优秀毕业生中有荣获1997年诺贝尔经济奖的著名学者等。
共有6个学院:商学院,理学院,人文学院,社会科学院,工程学院,医学院,提供160多项本科专业和70多项研究生专业。
麦大商学院(Michael DeGroote School of Business )开设的MBA 专业继承了麦大的优良传统,在北美工商界口碑极佳。
据伦敦金融时报统计,麦大商学院常年居于世界百强MBA 院校之列,在加拿大更令其它学校难以比肩,其毕业生平均年薪70000余美元,3至5年后增幅达150%,无论在职位和业绩成就上都令业界瞩目。
西安大略大学西安大略大学::MBA 的巨擘西安大略大学于1878年由主教艾萨克·海尔马瑟以及休伦英国圣公会主教创办,当时名为“安大略伦敦西部大学”,它合并了创办于1863年的休伦学院。
,现已成为加拿大最大的大学之一,位于安大略泰晤士河北支附近,占地面积1.6平方公里。
主校区共有75座建筑。
该大学在校外亦持有土地。
大学的图书馆系统共有七个主要服务区,共藏有超过7700万项目,包括书籍、图像及电子格式档案。