英语电影中的文化元素 中文

英语电影名称翻译中常见中国文化因素――以50部电影为例【摘要】随着全球化的发展，越来越多的外国影片引入到中国。

对电影翻译的研究，尤其是对电影名称翻译的研究越来越受重视。

电影名称是一部电影的名片，是对电影内容的高度提炼，通常观众对电影的第一印象来自于影片的名称。

翻译适应变异论认为在翻译中改变文化参照是必要的，该理论使得英语电影名称中的中国文化因素插入可行并且合理。

本研究以数据为基础，采取探索性，解释性的研究方法。

研究结果表明文学因素、地理因素、习俗因素、历史因素和宗教因素在翻译英语电影名称时比较常见。

其中，文学因素、习俗因素用得比地理因素、历史因素和宗教因素多【关键词】翻译；中国文化因素；英语电影名称；翻译适应变异论1. 引言随着人们生活水平的提高，电影在人们的日常生活中扮演着越来越重要的角色。

国产电影已经不能满足中国观众的需求，他们对外国电影的需求越来越大，所以对外国电影翻译的研究，尤其是对电影名称翻译的研究，变得越来越受欢迎电影的翻译与其他外语文本的翻译不一样，电影注重吸引观众并且产生利润，因此有一个好的电影名称很有必要。

为了引起中国读者的兴趣并且符合他们的品味，在翻译电影名称时对中国文化因素的使用变得不可或缺。

电影名称的目的是为了影响受众的行为和他们的价值观（张晓舸，2005），因此电影名称的翻译应该要首先考虑到目标语言和观众但是，早期大多数对电影名称翻译中中国文化因素使用状况的研究只是列出了包含中国文化因素的电影名称，却很少指出哪几种文化因素在翻译电影名称时使用得比较多，也没有做出归类。

因此，笔者认为有必要对电影名称翻译中常见的中国文化因素做一个归类总结2.文献综述语言的三个特性，也就是可变性，流通性和适应性，是对语言使用理解中的关键概念。

其中，语言的适应性在语言对人类生存的贡献中起着基础性的作用（马萧，2012：106）。

在这个意义上讲，语言就像随时准备着适应环境变化的自然物种或者有生命的有机物一样不断得到进化（Verschueren，1987：51）适应变异论在翻译文本内容时是一个很模糊的概念，从传统上来讲，它是指为了满足某一特定观众的需求或者达到某一目的而在翻译过程中做出大量改变的一种翻译策略和方法，包括省略、添加、减少、编辑、模仿和重写（Shuttleworth & Cowie，1997/1999：3）适应变异论是一种包括了当原文的文化内涵与译文不一样时而改变文化参照的翻译策略（Vinay & Darbelet，1958/1995：31-39）。

美国影视动画中的中国元素
美国影视动画中经常出现中国元素，这些元素可以是中国文化、中国传统、中国历史、中国风景等等。

下面将介绍一些在美国影视动画中常见的中国元素。

中国文化在美国影视动画中经常被引用。

在迪士尼电影《花木兰》中，故事背景是古
代中国，影片中展现了中国传统文化，如汉服、功夫、中国戏曲等。

在电影《功夫熊猫》
系列中，描绘了一个围绕中国功夫和中国哲学的故事，通过插图风格和角色造型，展现了
中国文化的独特魅力。

中国传统在美国影视动画中也有很大的影响。

在迪士尼电影《美女与野兽》中，主人
公贝尔在古代中国风格的城堡中生活，既有中国元素的建筑、家具和装饰品，也有中国传
统戏剧的影子。

中国历史也是美国影视动画中常见的元素之一。

电影《功夫熊猫》系列中，武术大师
们都是以中国历史上的名人为原型创造的角色，如中国古代将领曹操、中国传统女子侠盗
花木兰等等。

这些角色的设定和剧情都带有浓厚的中国历史色彩。

中国风景也经常出现在美国影视动画中。

在动画片《疯狂动物城》中，故事发生在一
个由人和动物共同生活的现代城市，动画片通过色彩绚丽的中国城市风光来展现城市的多
样性和美丽。

在迪士尼电影《香奈儿与梦想》，主角在云南的神秘丛林中寻找魔法草药，
观众可以欣赏到云南独有的山水风光和神秘的氛围。

美国影视动画中的中国元素丰富多样，既有中国文化的引用，也有中国传统的影响，
还有中国历史和中国风景等。

这些元素的出现，既展示了中国的独特魅力，也带给观众更
多的文化体验。

这也有利于加深两国人民的相互了解和友谊。

2442020年04期总第496期ENGLISH ON CAMPUS英文电影字幕翻译中的文化关照文/韩成花电影是现实生活的反映，可以通过电影了解西方国家的风土人情、历史文化等，但是由于东西方文化存在差异，就需要在翻译的过程中进行文化关照，才能够准确地传达电影中的文化内涵，因此，如何在翻译中进行文化关照，就成为一部电影能否收到人们欢迎的关键因素之一。

一、字幕翻译字幕翻译就是将电影中的人物对话翻译成目的语，本文所要探讨的是将英文字幕翻译成汉语，因为欧美国家和中国的文化存在差异，所以在英文字幕翻译的时候就要充分考虑到文化的差异而进行文化关照，只有如此，才能够使电影的文化内涵得到传达，从而实现观众对电影的理解。

一般而言，英文字幕翻译成中文字幕中文化关照有以下几种形式。

一是异化。

就是把英语直接音译，可以保持原有文化中的本意；二是归化。

就是直接用汉语表达原文的意思，这种方式使传递的文化信息不会改变，又避免了一些俚语或者文化词翻译过来难以让人理解的弊端；三是解释。

很多词语蕴含有丰富的文化背景，我国的观众很多不了解这些文化，直接翻译难以理解，因此需要进行解释说明；四是省略。

一些英语对话中信息重复拖沓，不利于观众的理解，因此对于一些对话中的词语采用省略的翻译策略，不仅能使观众明白其中的意思，又不影响影片本身所要表达的内容。

二、英文电影字幕翻译中文化关照的应用出于文化关照的考虑，在字幕翻译中，一定要考虑到不同文化之间的差异，使翻译的内容更容易为观众理解，以增加观众的观影感受。

一般而言，文化关照的应用包括直译、意译、替换、诠释、省略和增加等。

1.直译。

直译即翻译的文字和形式和英文字幕的原文一致。

很多电影的对白都非常口语化，直接翻译可以使观众更方便地理解外国文化，领略异国语言的独特特点。

比如，在电影《新月》中，贝拉回答爱德华问她为什么雅各布可以送她礼物而自己不可以时，贝拉的回答是自己没有可以回送的礼物，这个时候爱德华对贝拉说的：“Bella, you give me everything just by breathing.”在中文字幕中，是这样翻译的：“贝拉，你活着就是给我一切了。

毕业论文The Study on Chinese and Western Cultural Factors in theFilm Kung Fu Panda论电影《功夫熊猫》中的中西文化元素学院）专业级班学生姓名学号指导教师职称完成日期教务处制Abstract: The Film Kung Fu Panda showed in 2008, which achieved a gross of six hundred millions around the whole world, was really a successful implantation of Chinese cultural factors.The great success of this film is a result of perfect combination of Chinese and Western cultural factors. This thesis introduces the functions of film culture, and studies the Chinese and Western cultural factors in the film. It aims to make a study into the film Kung Fu Panda, analyzing the mergence of Chinese and Western cultural factors to see how foreigners understand and make good use of Chinese cultural factors and further offer some helpful advice for Chinese cultural development.Key words: Cultural Factors; Kung Fu Panda; Cultural mergenceContentsIntroduction (1)1. The Film Kung Fu Panda (1)1.1 Brief Introduction of the Film (1)1.2 Chinese Factors in the Film (2)1.2.1 Chinese Images (2)1.2.2 Chinglish (2)1.2.3 The Theory of Taoism (2)1.2.4 The Theory of Confucianism (3)1.2.5 The Theory of Buddhism (3)1.3 Western Factors in the Film (4)1.3.1 Individual Heroism (4)1.3.2 Freedom & Equality (4)1.3.3 Christian Culture (5)1.3.4 The American Dream (5)1.3.5 American Humor (5)2. Combination of Chinese and Western Factors in the Film (5)2.1 The Combination of Chinese Factors and American Ideas (5)2.2 The Combination of Traditional Spirit of Two Cultures (6)2.3 The Combination of Two Values (6)2.4 The Combination of Images (6)3. Enlightenment from the Film (7)3.1 Enlightenment for Chinese Animation Industry (7)3.2 Enlightenment for the Spread of Chinese Kung Fu (8)3.3 Enlightenment for the Spread of Chinese Culture (8)3.3.1 Cultural Consciousness (8)3.3.2 Cultural Renewal (8)3.3.3 Cultural Coexistence (9)4. Suggestions (9)4.1Comprend Both Chinese and Western Cultures (9)4.2Learn the Languages of Other Cultures (9)4.3 Self-renewal (10)Conclusion (10)Biography (11)IntroductionIn modern society, watching film at cinema has become one of the popular patterns of killing time. The film develops into an important mean of demonstrating art and enjoying the culture, which evolves into a cultural function of globalization. Especially under the evolution of Internet and technology of digital multimedia, the improvement of film industry has widely spread. Researches of film are full of realistic significance since the film industry became such a paramount component of culture.Taking film as a research subject originated in the colleges of Western countries at the later period of 1960s. Film is an outcome of the Second Industrial Revolution (evolution of electricity, steel, chemistry and communication all happened at the end of 19th century). And the technology and science had entered into an extremely new epoch at that time which could be witnessed by the cine-camera invented by the company of Thomas Alva，the cine film improved by the company of George Eastman and the gramophone produced by Bell Telephone Company. These scientific and technological achievements had given a great impetus to the development of film industry.As a result of the popularization, film has become a part of our life which brings not only entertainment, but also enlightenment. The core of a film is the attitude and culture it demonstrates, rather than the stories and scenes it shows directly. Films with diverse themes can reveal diverse values and aspects of culture. And the film culture includes advertisings, publicity and the process of appreciating, etc. The whole progress can bring great profit for the company and the country.1. The Film Kung Fu Panda1.1 Brief Introduction of the MovieThe film of Kung Fu Panda released and achieved a gross of six hundred millions around the whole world i n 2008. Compared with the other film showed at 1998 “HUA MuLan” produced by Disney，Kung Fu Panda was really an immense success . These two films were both animated movies applying and packing the Chinese factors. However, the achievements of them were extraordinary .Why? The reason is that Kung Fu Panda is a good example of proper using of Chinese factors while perfectly merging Chinese factors and Western factors.The story of Kung Fu Panda happened in a place called “Peace Valley”. The hero is a fat panda named Poe, who was the son of the boss of a noodle shop. Poe dreamed of becoming a Kung Fu hero like Furious Five. Furious Five were five disciples of the Master racoon which included Tiger, Snake, Crane, Monkey and Mantis with excellent skills of Kung Fu. Unfortunately, the most outstanding disciple of the Master was Tai Lung, a dangerous leopard with wild ambitions. He failed to get the Dragon Scroll and decided to revenge to the citizens in “Peace Valley”. Although the Master Oogway defeated him and sent him into prison, Tai Lung still had the opportunity to escape at any time. In order to protect the citizens in “Peace Valley”, the old Master Oogway decided to hold a competition, selecting a Dragon fighter from the citizens. Poe went to watch this competitive game with other citizens. But he was chosen as the Dragon fighter accidentally. Furious Five and Master raccoon were really disappointed at this result and hated Poe at first. Master raccoon tried his best to drive Poe out. But under the instructions of Master Oogway, Master raccoon noticed his own fault and found out an effective way to teach Poe at the end. It was a special me thod called “Food Attract”, formulated according1to Poe‟s personality. The Master forced Poe to train by giving him delicious food as rewards. Through this targeted method, Poe became a real Dragon fighter and found the true power of Dragon Scroll which helped him defeat Tai Lung. He made his dream come true and brought peace back to “Peace Valley”, which brought him the respect and pride from Furious Five and Master raccoon.To summarize, this was a story of how an unimportant person with a great dream grew to bea great man at the end.1.2 Chinese Factors in the Film1.2.1 Chinese ImagesOne of the obvious characteristics of this film is the wide use of Chinese factors. There are a lot of Chinese images in the film.Firstly, the hero of the film is a panda, the national treasure of China. Panda is a particular sign of China, expressing the spirit of China, and is responsible for spreading the kindness and friendliness of Chinese people. On one hand, using panda as a hero can make Chinese people felt so acquainted and comfortable that they will be willing to pay for it. On the other hand, for the American people, panda is a factor coming from foreign country which will stimulate their desire to watch the movie.Secondly, the major theme and clue of the film is Chinese Kung Fu. The traditional mark of Dream Factory in the film was an old man with a bamboo hat sitting down on the moon. And at the beginning of the film, the scene that Poe drew a sword to render help is also a typical kind of Kung Fu. Meanwhile, most of the skills of Master raccoon are classical components of Chinese Kung Fu, such as “one finger scrubbing”,“Tai Ji”, “Wushi Fingers Hold”, etc.There are also other Chinese images in the film. Such as Chinese food, Chinese buildings, Chinese paintings, Chinese mahjong, Chinese musical instruments, Chinese handwriting, and Traditional Chinese medicine. Special images like noodle, bean bun, tofu, dumplings were included in the film, too.1.2.2 ChinglishAs we all know, the vocabulary of English includes lots of foreign words. Chinglish was the saying of English words invented by Chinese English learners which retains the style and character of Chinese. In the film, there are lots of words of Chinglish which can demonstrate Chinese traditional culture and spirit. Here is a list:Names of roles: Poe, Master Wugui, Master Shifu and Dragon WarriorNames of places: Jade Palace, Peace Valley.Names of food: noodle, tofu, bean bun, dumpling.Names of weapons: Master Flying‟ Armor, the Sword of HeroesNames of Kong Fu: the Wushi Fingers Hold, full split, crazy feet.The great quantity of these vocabularies can make the film easier to understand and be accepted by Chinese spectators. And at the same time it can enhance the introduction of Chinese words into English vocabulary.1.2.3 The Theory of TaoismThe theory of Taoism is a wonderful and valuable treasure of Chinese philosophy which plays an important role in Chinese traditional culture and makes a huge impact on the development of Chinese society.The cor e theory of Taoism includes the value of “governing by doing nothing that goes2against nature”, “Harmony between man and nature”, and “Static and dynamic”, etc.The film has built the conflict of Master Oogway and Master raccoon, stating the contradiction between Poe and Tai Lung. Master Oogway and Poe respect the power of quiescence while the Master raccoon and Tai Lung sign the influence of dynamic. Many lines in the film also demonstrate the theory of Taoism, like “Your mind is like this water, my friend, when it is agitated, it become difficult to see, but if you allow it to settle, the answer becomes clear.” This sentence just shows the power of quiescence. “Yes, look at this tree Chive, I can not make it blossom and suit me, nor make it bear food befor e it‟s time”, said by Master Oogway, However, the Master raccoon said” There are things we can control. I can control when the fruit will fall. And I can control what to seed. This is not illusion, Master.” Their discussion here has showed the theory of La o Tsu, “Nature, the principle of …philosophical aesthetic‟”.The most obvious application of the theory of Taoism in the film is the design of the Dragon Scroll. At the end of the film, the most mysterious and sovereign thing of Dragon Scroll is nothing. I t‟s out of the expectation of Tai Lung and all of the spectators. This design just complies with the theory of “governing by doing nothing that goes against nature”.1.2.4 The Theory of ConfucianismThe theory of Confucianism was put forward by Confucius, a famous and outstanding philosopher in the Period of Autumn and Spring. The theory of Confucianism is the biggest school of thoughts and dominant ideologies in ancient China, having a profoundly and deeply influence on China, even on the world.Maintaining “rule by propriety”, advocating “benevolence”, paying attention to “man”, these three arguments are the core values of Confucianism. The theory of Confucianism insists that all the things should have their own etiquette and rules, and everyone should obey this order. People should revere their king, and the sons should respect their fathers. No one can violate the basic order.In the film, Poe called raccoon Master instead of his name. And at the end of the film, when Poe defeat Tai Lung and came back t o “Peace Valley”, all the citizens called him Master and made a bow with hands folded in front. Their behaviors all embody the theory of “rule by propriety”.Advocating “benevolence” means teaching and governing people with ethics. Confucianism considered that everybody, no matter bad or good, could be educated by ethics. When the Master raccoon lost himself and his own faith, the Master Oogway never gave up but trying his best to help him build confidence. Master Oogway said: “you just need to believe.” E verything can be guided towards the right direction.Paying attention to “man” is the other core ideology of Confucianism, which emphasizing the individuality of humanity and thinks highly of the improvement of people‟s ethics and sympathy. And to some ext ent, paying attention to “man” means respecting the differences of different people and educating them by individualized ways. This is also called “competency-based instructing”. In the film, Poe, whose sole hobby is eating, is a very fat panda with no talent in learning Kung Fu. He is clumsy and lazy, reflecting slowly. However, the Master raccoon didn‟t give him up and explored his potential. Focusing on Poe‟s special hobby, Master raccoon designed the “Food Attract” and finally modeled Poe as a Kung Fu h ero.1.2.5 The Theory of BuddhismAs one of the three major religions in the world, Buddhism originated from ancient India in 1026 BC and was introduced into ancient China in the late of Western Han Dynasty through the3Silk Road. Buddhism was built by the prince of Kapilavatthu, a small country near the Himalayas where is in the country of Nepal today. As the wheel of history turning, the religious doctrine of Buddhism has profoundly integrated into the Chinese culture and has a far-reaching influence on the lives of Chinese people.In the film, every scene Master Oogway appeared indicated the spirit of “Chan” which is a core value of Buddhism. For example, when Master Oogway was practicing Tai Chi Chuan under the tree of peach, the Master raccoon came an d said: “I have some bad news.” The Master Oogway answered:” oh, Shifu, there is just news. There is no good or bad.” And when the Master raccoon told that the chosen of Poe was just an accident, the Master Oogway said that there were no accidents. Moreove r, he comforted Master raccoon: “My old friend, the panda will never fulfill his destiny, nor you yours until you let go of the illusion of control.” Here, the word “let go” is a phrase of Buddhism which has the similar meaning with the sentence of “The bu tcher who lays down his knife, becomes a Buddha at once.”The fatalism is another main viewpoint of Buddhism. The Buddhism thinks that everything in the nature has its own destiny and no one can get rid of it. When the Master raccoon said that he could con trol where to seed the peach tree, the Master Oogway said: “Ah, yes, but no matter what you do, that seed will grow into a peach tree. You may wish for an apple or an orange, but you will get a peach.” It means that everything is destined that nothing can change the result. The Master Oogway did believe that to be a Dragon Fighter was the destiny of Poe. He was fated to defeat Tai Lung. So he persuaded Master raccoon that “You just need to believe it.” And when noticed that he was going to die, he said: “my time has come”, and then he disappeared and left a lot of peach blossom. All these designs can show the fatalism in Buddhism.1.3 Western Factors in the Film1.3.1 Individual HeroismIndividualism is often regarded as the landmark of American society. Individualism was a notion emerged in the Renaissance which is a basic and paramount component of humanism. It emphasizes the power and the freedom of individual. And the Individual Heroism is an inevitable result of the emphasizing of individualism.Individual Heroism is always the eternal theme of American films, including Kung Fu Panda. The panda is the national treasure of China whose general image is always very kind. However, the figure of Poe is astonishing and out of expectation as he is selfish, non-modest, and always takes himself as the centre and never consider other‟s feeling. These characteristics are representative of the American instead of the Chinese. Poe is a Chinese panda, but actually he is an American. He was totally a product of American culture.Meanwhile, in the film, Poe was chosen as the best one to defeat Tai Lung. It seems that no one can defeat Tai Lung and save the lives of all the citizens of “Peace Valley”, except Poe. Even the Furious Five and Master raccoon could not take charge in the task.Apparently, the film Kung Fu Panda has the spirit of Taoism of Chinese culture. Moreover, under the cover of Taoism is the ideology of American freedom and equality.1.3.2 Freedom & Equality“Freedom has been hunted round the globe. Asia an d Africa have expelled her. Europe regards her like stranger, and English has given her warning to depart. O! Receive the fugitive, and prepare in time an asylum for mankind.” This is a section from the Common Sense of Thomas Paine‟s pamphlet about the spi rit of freedom. Freedom and equality is another crucial connotation of American culture.4Although the film has emphasized the etiquette of China many times, the relationship between Poe and Master raccoon was equal and free. For example, there was one scene that Poe imitated the action of Master raccoon when he was eating noodles with Furious Five. And the other scene that Poe criticized Master raccoon directly then decided to go down off the hill. These phenomena all seem to be impossible in ancient China because no one had courage to oppose the Confucianism at that time.1.3.3 Christian CultureAs we know, the first migrates coming to America were those Puritans who came here for escaping from the religious persecution. Hence, Christian culture is another characteristic of America.The choice of Dragon Fighter in the film is a marked demonstration of the fatalism of the Christian culture. In the film, the Master Oogway did believe that to be a Dragon Fighter was the destiny of Poe. He was fated to defeat Tai Lung. And the combat between him and Master raccoon all showed the power of fatalism. On one hand, these scenes can explain the culture of Chinese Buddhism. On the other hand, they can also demonstrate the characteristic of Christian culture.1.3.4 The American DreamThe appeal of the film Kung Fu Panda is that everybody has his own dream and everybody can make his dream come true as long as he try his best. No matter how ordinary he is. There is no superpower or secret of success. Just do believe yourself, do everything you like and boost your potential, then you will realize your dream. This is the traditional model of the American Dream.Firstly, th e “Peace Valley” was an ideal place full of opportunities for Poe .Poe was chosen to be the Dragon Fighter by accident here. “Peace Valley” was a stage for Poe to fulfill his dream.Secondly, Poe achieved his American dream because of his positive attitude toward life. Although he was fat, clumsy and had no talent in learning Kung Fu, he was still full of confidence and never gave up.In addition, at the end of the film, the secret of Dragon Scroll was blank and Poe finally found the tip was “just do believe yourself”. “Do believe yourself”, is the crucial meaning of American dream.1.3.5 American HumorAnther feature of the film of Kung Fu Panda is the extensive use of American humor. American humor has made the film more popular and easier to understand. Here are some examples:“Don‟t stand that close. I can smell your breath.”“You will never be the Dragon Warrior unless you lose 500 pounds and brush your teeth.”“Probably I loosened up for you through. OK, here goes.”“It‟s OK. I didn‟t get it the first time, either.”“Stop it, I‟m going to pee.”2. Combination of Chinese and Western Factors in the Film2.1 The Combination of Chinese Factors and American IdeasThe Chinese factors of the film do not exist separately, but combining with the American5ideas and those factors integrate perfectly into the phrase of the film. For American spectators, the Chinese factors are not completely strange and unacceptable. Because it is a film having Chinese factors as its coat and having American value as nucleus.In the film, American idea was the outline, and there were lots of Chinese factors under this outline.Firstly, for the aspect of words using, the Master Oogway wearing Han Chinese clothing imitated the well-known saying of Hamlet “To be or not to be”, “Quit, don‟t quit? Noodles, don‟t noodles?” And he also quoted anther famous English saying “Yesterday is history; tomorrow is a mystery; but today is a gift. That is why it is called present.” All of these words are from American culture.Secondly, there are kinds of American thinking modes and concepts in the film. For example, “Service with a smile” a traditional concept of service in America.2.2 The Combination of Traditional Spirit of Two CulturesAt the second part of this article, we have discussed that the chosen of Dragon Fighter is a demonstration of the fatalism in Buddhism. However, in the western culture, when the King of ancient Israel inherited the throne, people had to put the oil on the head of the King, which symbolized that it was God‟s blessing. And as time goes by, this custom transferred to the knowledge of that the Saviour of the world was the chosen one by god. This is another important characteristic of Christianity. The chosen of Dragon Fighter in the film of Kung Fu Panda exactly interprets “the chosen one” from Christianity. The Kung Fu Panda is a combination of traditional spirit of Chinese and Western.2.3 The Combination of Two ValuesIn western society, as the connotation of democracy and legal system have rooted in people‟s mind, the W estern culture emphasizes on intellectual property right, dignity, freedom and independence, asking people to be responsible for their own fates. Dante had clearly put forward that man was living for his own purposes, not for the purposes of others. And emphasizing personal value is an important part of the spirit of American culture which maintains the personal struggle to realize the value of life. They believe that “God helps those who help themselves”. In the film of Kung Fu Panda, Poe was the laziest animals in the “Peace Valley”, but he had made his dream come true at last through his personal struggle. This is a typical behavior of American individualism.Nonetheless, unlike the western society, Chinese culture insists that individual be responsible for others and his collective. They consider that the value of a man exists and realizes basically on group consciousness so that they need to devote themselves to the group which they belong to. And only by following this way can they realize their values. In the film, when Tai Lung made threat to the safe of “Peace Valley”, the Master raccoon and the Furious Five all stood up and tried their best efforts to protect the citizens. Their collective behavior had a deeply impact on Poe and reminded him his responsibility whenever he faced kinds of danger. Therefore, the perfect ending of Kung Fu Panda is a successful combination of individualism and collectivism.2.4 The Combination of ImagesThe original image of Poe is a panda which is a typical Chinese image. Pandas live in China and have been treated as the national treasure for a long time. The image of Poe in the film collected the lovely and honest characteristics of panda. Yet, it was this so childlike that spectators can not help smiling, Chinese panda, wearing short pants, insisted his own dream and6made his American dream come true.However, different from Poe, the image of Master raccoon came from America. It is an animal which likes living in the forest beside rivers and lakes. They love cleanness so much that they often put the food into the water and wash it. That is the reason people give them the name “raccoon”. But it was just this animal from America that wearing Chinese cope, using chopsticks and being called “Shifu” by other roles in the film. The images of Poe and Master raccoon are both combinations of Chinese and Western factors.3. Enlightenment from the Film3.1 Enlightenment for Chinese Animation IndustryBoth the factors of Kung Fu and panda belong to traditional Chinese culture, but why the film of Kung Fu Panda was not produced by Chinese. Some people criticized heavily the current situation of Chinese animation industry. Most of them held that the failure of Chinese animation industry was the lacking of excellent skills and advanced technology. However, there were not too many effects in Kung Fu Panda, and the skills used were also very acquainted to us. What is the key problem?The broad and profound Chinese culture has countless artistic endowment sources which can be used in our animation films. Chinese cartoon creation ignore this existed treasure house of traditional culture. We are not able to make change or innovation. In other words, when we are facing the deep and thick traditional culture, our ability of innovation and breakthrough always disappears. In front of the Chinese cultural factors to inherit and carry forward, what we really lack is confidence, imagination ideas, and the ability to integrate. For the traditional Chinese cultural elements, the creator is easy to make himself in shackles. And in the process of mining traditional culture, he often lack groundbreaking try, and is stubborn. For example, the panda ate bean bun but not bamboo. Somebody may see it as illogical. They must have been twined by shackles and lack the divergent and reverse thinking. That is the point.Meanwhile, when people mining the Chinese traditional culture, they always keep unconfident and have outmoded attitude toward classic works. Culture and modern culture consumption have been apart seriously. The creator can not do research and finish their works with modern views or in a globalization vision. Therefore, only when the creators of animation films break their inner fixed thinking pattern, and breakthrough the mind taboo, can they use the modern consciousness to create the bold imagination. Only make good use of entertaining elements and cater to the popular trend, can Chinese animation art get greater vitality.Moreover, inheritance and integration is not an empty talk. It needs good state of mind, and more of sincerity and determination. No matter HUA MuLan or Kung Fu Panda, more than once for Chinese culture to be studied by the creators and used as a reference. For Kung Fu Panda, the director Mark Oliver Bonn had spent many years in studying Chinese culture especially in the history of Kung Fu. It took him five years to finish the film, and the whole staff of Kung Fu Panda have seriously went through a large number of films on Hong Kong Kung Fu in the 1970 s. And those fantastic ancient Chinese architectures, landscape scenes in the film, were the effort of the film's art director who had spent eight years digging into Chinese culture. In contrast, what is our own attitude toward the traditional culture?Today, for the revival of Chinese cartoon, what we need is not external opportunities, but the courage to looking for our own value and the confidence to transcend ourselves.73.2 Enlightenment for the Spread of Chinese Kung FuJust like the name of “Kung Fu Panda”, there are so many factors abo ut Chinese Kung Fu in the film. The film had imitated a lot of famous sections of our traditional films of Kung Fu, like the images of Furious Five, Tiger, Snake, Crane, Monkey and Mantis. They are the embodiment of Chinese “Pictographic boxing”. And the s cene of the battling for bean bun between Poe and Master raccoon was a simulation from the film of “Snake in the Eagle's Shadow”.The successful achievement of the film of Kung Fu Panda is a result of extensive use of the factors of Chinese Kung Fu. In return, it is also a good way to spread factors of Chinese Kung Fu which has proved itself an increasingly important role in the world.Kung Fu not only belongs to China, but also belongs to the world. There is a popular saying about culture: “The more national, the more of the world.” It means the cultural belongings of a nation should be no national boundaries. The spread of Kung Fu should be no international barriers.In facing of the applying and innovation of Kung Fu from other countries, we should welcome and support, giving up the attitude of conservation and boycott. Under the program of cultural globalization, there is no need to worry about the lost of our traditional culture. Actually, what we need to do is finding out the right way to spread our traditional culture.3.3 Enlightenment for the Spread of Chinese CultureCulture is a kind of soft power which has an increasingly influence on the world‟s future. The spread of culture itself is the demanding of history, the embodiment of social progress, and a must of economic globalization. The culture need to be spread, also need to be cognitive, and relocated. The success of Kung Fu Panda does provide some advice to our own national culture development.3.3.1 Cultural ConsciousnessThe first and the most urgent we need to improve is our cultural consciousness.According to Jia Huitong, the meaning of cultural consciousness is that, the people who living in a culture environment not only have a basic self-knowledge of their culture and its history as well as its forming process, but also know its characteristics and trends in the future. This consciousness can not have any relationship with cultural regression which means “instauration”, nor with wholesale westernization.The cultural consciousness requiring a self-knowledge refers that we need to fully understand our history and tradition which is the fundamental of transmitting and spreading the culture. Chinese culture is one of the world‟s oldest civilizations which is said playing a great role in the progress of world civilization. As the descendants of Yan and Yellow Emperors, we feel proud of Chinese traditional culture and are expected to be familiar with our own culture. And this is the inner basic path of introducing traditional Chinese culture to the world.In addition, the cultural consciousness also need our own new understanding and reposition of the traditional culture. We have to understand the position of Chinese traditional culture within the world scope. And the success of the film of Kung Fu Panda has proven the characteristics and charming of Chinese traditional culture.3.3.2 Cultural RenewalThe arrival of economic globalization has caused the globalization of cultural resources, and the cultural globalization has brought the “cultural renewal” to almost every nation all over the world. Cultural renewal means that, in addition to adapt to the needs of social development, any kinds of national cultures need to absorb foreign cultures as complement to enhance their vitality。

英语电影蕴涵的文化要素解读[摘要]作为一种固定式的静态概念，文化元素会受到欣赏者水平高低的影响。

所以，在进行英语电影作品的解读时，就必须站在观赏者的角度去审视作为客体所要了解、学习、借鉴和阐释的信息，需要人们站在观赏者的角度，理性并且客观地去把握电影中的文化底蕴。

本文将列举一些经典的英语电影，并进行有针对性的分析，然后从文化和精神层面出发，总结出解读英语电影的三项重要元素，即文学、历史和宗教。

[关键词]英语电影;文化解读;要素;观赏者一、引言日前刚刚上映的《速度与激情7》又一次掀起了国内外各大电影院里的观影热潮，而能够令这一系列电影如此火爆的原因不会只是其火爆的场面、精彩的动作或者著名的导演与演员。

作为一部成功的英语电影，其所蕴藏的文化内涵是其他电影所无法媲美的。

但在对英语电影进行文化解读时，难免会因为中西方的文化差异而造成一定的误解。

鉴于此，本文将借助几部经典的英语电影作品，来剖析英语电影解读过程中至关重要的三个文化元素。

二、英语电影文化解读的第一要素――文学文学为英语电影的发展起到了推波助澜的作用。

从表面上看，电影和文学貌似是两种完全不同的传播媒介，但是实际上二者之间存在着许多必然的联系，它们是彼此互通的两种艺术叙事表现形式。

随着电视和电脑在我们日常生活中的普及，影视文学也孕育而生。

而且，长期以来电影的拍摄题材大多来源于经典的文学作品。

所以，从艺术特色上分析，两者之间存在着强烈的共鸣。

而从表现形式上看，叙述性的语言描绘方式在某种程度上可以很好地提升电影的空间画面感，尤其是英语电影。

另外，如果一部英文电影能够将叙事部分处理得非常好，就会令整个故事情节变得更具确定性和具体性。

因此，文学不但能够为电影提供丰富的素材，还能够加深观众对电影主题思想的理解。

迄今为止，已经有很多英语文学作品被改编成电影，陆续登上各大电影院的大银幕，其中比较著名的有《傲慢与偏见》《罗密欧与朱丽叶》和《简?爱》。

在解读这样的英语电影时，首先要明确无论导演如何改编或者创作，其都会以原著中的文学主旨为核心。

中国文化元素在电影片英译汉中的运用【摘要】本文对部分外国电影片名翻译中，分析了文化因素在翻译名中的体现，旨在提醒从事电影译制的专业人员和非专业电影译制爱好者，在电影片面翻译过程中，考虑文化因素对译制片名的影响。

【关键词】电影片名翻译；中国文化一、引言电影是世界上最有文化影响力的一种文化传媒手段之一，随着我国的改革开放，国际交流的愈加深入，电影翻译工作也如火如荼地进行着。

而电影片名如同人的脸面，重要性不亚于电影字幕的翻译。

好的电影片名翻译无疑使电影增色不少。

中国是一个拥有五千年历史的悠久国度，而如何使电影片面的译制在准确传达影片内容信息的同时，融入源远流长的中国古典传统文化色彩，唤醒观众的内心情感，从而达到吸引中国观众，进一步提升其商业价值，是许多翻译工作者在翻译片面过程中的一个重要课题。

二、中西文化主要差异性对比（一）思维差异性对比中式的思维模式曲线的、感性的，在语言上讲究谨言慎行，正如女子“犹抱琵琶半遮面”给人以无限遐想的空间。

反观西方人的思维模式就是直线的、理性的，会毫不犹豫地表达自己对事物的看法和观点。

在英语电影片名中体现为，许多片名仅以一个英文单词命名，如Speed《速度与激情》，Ghost《人鬼情未了》，Inception《盗梦空间》，较之以中文译名，则显得十分简洁直白。

（二）文化意象内涵差异性对比文化的差异性会使不同地区的人对同一事物产生不同看法。

如西方婚礼的白色婚纱代表了纯洁爱情，而白色在中国传统文化中常常象征着死亡；而中式传统文化中的红色嫁衣的颜色，在西方往往是血腥屠戮的象征。

“狗”在汉语中的表达多为贬义，如猪狗不如、狗腿子等。

然而在西方家庭中，狗的地位等同每一位家庭成员，所以词语含义多为褒义，如lucky dog（幸运儿）、love me love my dog爱屋及乌。

（三）审美差异性对比审美是一种普遍的社会文化现象，是人类文明长期发展的结果。

在电影片名翻译中，主要表现为文字、语形上的审美差异。

英语电影片名翻译的中国传统文化研究中国传统文化与英语电影片名翻译的关系是一个复杂而有趣的研究话题。

中国传统文化在电影中的表现形式丰富多样，片名作为电影的重要组成部分，既要传达电影的主题和情感，还要吸引观众的注意力，因此在翻译过程中需要考虑如何准确地传达中国传统文化的内涵。

在中国传统文化中，经典文学作品、古代神话传说、历史人物和道德价值等元素都可以成为电影片名的来源。

“红楼梦”是中国古代四大名著之一，它的电影版可以取名为“Dream of the Red Chamber”。

这个片名既保留了原著的名字，又能让观众对电影的内容有一个大致的了解。

“金瓶梅”是一部古代小说，它的电影版可能会被翻译成“The Plum in the Golden Vase”，这个片名将小说中的物品“金瓶”和“梅花”巧妙地组合在一起，寓意丰富，也能吸引观众的兴趣。

除了经典文学作品，中国的传统文化中还蕴含了丰富的民间故事和神话传说。

这些故事和传说经常成为电影的灵感来源，片名的翻译也要考虑如何准确地传达其中的意境和情感。

“孔雀东南飞”是中国一部古代故事，它可以被翻译成“The Peacock Flies Southeast”。

这个片名通过描述孔雀飞翔的方向和方式，给人一种神秘而美丽的感觉，与故事的情节相呼应。

“白蛇传”是中国古代著名的神话故事，它的电影版可能会被翻译成“The Legend of the White Snake”，这个片名将故事中的主要角色“白蛇”和故事的主题“传说”结合起来，传递了神秘和浪漫的氛围。

中国历史人物也经常成为电影的创作对象，片名的翻译也需要考虑如何准确地传达人物的形象和意义。

“秦始皇”是中国古代历史上著名的皇帝，他的电影版可能会被翻译成“The First Emperor of Qin”。

这个片名通过描述秦始皇的地位和影响力，给人一种庄严和威严的感觉。

“红颜祸水”是中国历史上著名的女性人物杨贵妃的绰号，她的电影版可能会被翻译成“Beauty Brings Disaster”。

英语电影字幕翻译中的文化因素及翻译策略英语电影字幕翻译中的文化因素及翻译策略随着全球化的加速发展，英语电影作为一种流行的文化媒介，对于不同语言和文化背景的观众来说，字幕翻译成为了把电影中的情节和对白传达给观众的重要手段之一。

然而，在字幕翻译的过程中，文化因素扮演着至关重要的角色。

本文将探讨英语电影字幕翻译中所涉及的文化因素，并提出一些常见的翻译策略。

首先，英语电影中常常存在着一些与当地文化有关的元素，如节日、传统习俗、宗教信仰等。

这些元素对于观众理解电影情节和人物动机起着重要作用。

在字幕翻译中，译者需要在传达原文的基础上，将这些文化因素转化为目标文化的等效元素，以确保观众能够准确理解原文所表达的文化背景和含义。

例如，英语电影中常常出现的圣诞节，在字幕翻译为中国观众时，可以直接翻译为“圣诞节”，并适当加入对中国观众更为熟悉的元素，如红包、元宵等。

其次，英语电影中的幽默元素和谐声调也是字幕翻译中常见的文化因素。

不同文化的幽默观念和笑点不尽相同，直接的翻译可能会导致笑点的失效。

在这种情况下，译者需要采用一些翻译策略，如直译、意译、换位翻译等，以尽量保留原文的幽默效果。

同时，为了适应观众群体的差异，译者还可以根据目标文化的习惯和口味进行适当的改编。

比如，英语电影中的双关语常常以一种巧妙的方式表达幽默，译者在字幕翻译中可以采取意译或者同音翻译的方式，以保留一定的幽默效果。

另外，英语电影中的文化隐喻也是字幕翻译中需要注意的文化因素。

文化隐喻是指通过特定文化经验所产生的暗示和含义，常常涉及特定的象征、习俗和传说等。

在字幕翻译时，译者需要对文化隐喻进行准确理解，并将其转化为目标文化的对应隐喻或者合适的文化解释。

例如，在英语电影中，黑猩猩常常被用作身体强壮和野蛮的象征，而在中国文化中，龙常常被用作力量和尊贵的象征。

针对这种差异，译者可以通过改变翻译人物的形象或者对话内容来进行对应，以使观众更好地理解电影的内涵。

最后，英语电影中的口头语和文化俚语也是字幕翻译时常见的文化因素。