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专题(一) 名词天0津0真题练1.[2021·25]His beautiful music has brought to people all over the world.A.difficultyB.pleasureC.weatherD.danger2.[2020·26]—In China, we use red paper for hongbao because red means good luck. —That’s interesting! I want to know all the Chinese .A.traditionsB.sentencesC.noticesD.problems3.[2019·23] The of this activity is to raise money for a new hospital.A.silenceB.purposeC.culturenguage4.[2018·24]Her smile made me feel warm and lively. It was like a hidden .petitionB.interviewC.treasureD.tradition5.[2017·24]Don’t stand too close to North Americans. You’d better give them more personal .A.timeB.systemC.spaceD.pity6.[2016·24]Every year many foreign friends come to see the of Tianjin, such as Tianjin Eye and Haihe River.A.concertsB.playsC.cartoonsD.sights7.[2015·24]In 1998, Liu Xiang’s in hurdling was noticed by Sun Haiping.A.abilityB.tradeC.electricityD.memory8.[2014·22]If you work harder, you’ll have another to play the violin ata concert.A.sleepB.chanceC.mistakeD.problem拓展提升练题组一一、单项填空1.[2021·红桥区二模]—Do you have any for this weekend yet?—Not yet. What about having a picnic in the park?A.newsB.plansC.problemsD.rules2.Once a term, there is a meeting, so our parents and teachers can talk about our progress.A.parentsB.parent’sC.parents’D.parent3.[2021·河西区一模]Children from deep mountains had no to go to school many years ago.rmationB.timeeD.chance4.[2021·南开区二模]—I find your grandpa always drinks a glass of water after he gets up every morning.—Yes. He has had the good for many years.A.resultB.habitC.ruleD.exercise5.[2021·河北区二模]It is clear that big cities need more schools, buses and hospitals. They also need fresh clean water and better public .A.problemsB.servicesC.decisionsD.adventures6.[2021·东丽区二模]—Keep quiet! I need complete when I’m working. —Sorry, Dad. I won’t make any noise again.A.trustB.silenceC.controlD.standard7.[2021·滨海新区二模]He didn’t tell his parents he was going home because he wanted to give them a .A.kissB.giftC.chanceD.surprise8.[2021·津南区一模]A patient will usually listen to the doctor’s and act on it.A.newsrmationC.adviceD.message9.[2021·和平区二模]The people who are more confident have more to make themselves successful.A.chancescationC.prideD.excuses10.[2021·河西区二模]Studying in another city is a different . You can havea try.A.electricityB.exerciseC.exhibitionD.experience11.According to China Daily, 40 percent of the in our country had been fully-vaccinated(接种疫苗) by June in 2021.A.pollutionB.populationC.positionD.production12.[2021·西青区二模]Although it takes to change things into something else, it is better than throwing things away or burning them.A.formB.energyC.adventureD.decision13.[2021·南开区三模]For my homework I have to write a(n) about the wonders of the world.A.musicB.picturepositionD.exam14.—Could you help me do some cleaning, Jason?—Certainly. Mom will be crazy if she sees this , I think.A.messageB.menuC.messD.market15.—To tell you the truth, I don’t want to join in the singing competition. —Come on. You just need more practice to build up your .A.challengeB.energyC.developmentD.confidence二、根据首字母提示,填写所缺单词,每空一词。
名词1. 名词语法的基本框架2.名词语境辨析3.名词的正确形式填空4.名词词组填空5.名词在句子中运用6.名词语篇填空1名词语法基本框架名词的数名词的所有格名词单复数的判断1.如何判定是可数名词还是不可数名词①可数名词有单数和复数两种形式,如：desk,desks；②可数名词前面可以被基数词,不定冠词（a/an）,many修饰,如：three boys,an apple, many students。
2.如何判定是不可数名词①不可数名词没有复数形式,如：tea,meat；②不可数名词,若表示数量,可用量词加不可数名词,如：a piece of paper, two cups of tea。
3. 常见的名词修饰词①只修饰可数名词的修饰语few 几乎没有a few 有几个several 有几个many 很多a couple of 两个a number of 若干a great/large number of 许多②只修饰不可数名词的修饰语little很少,几乎没有a little有一点儿much很多a good/great deal of很多a bit of有一点儿a large amount of大量的③既可修饰可数名词又可修饰不可数名词的修饰语some 一些a lot of 很多lots of 很多plenty of 充足的enough 足够的most 大多数的hardly any 几乎没有the rest of 剩下的名词拓展1.voice, noise, soundvoice指人的说话声或唱歌声,指人的“嗓音”;noise是“吵闹声、噪音”,指不悦耳的声音;sound指自然界中的任何声音。
2.work与jobwork是不可数名词,指需花费体力和脑力的工作;job是可数名词,多指“零工”或“短工”。
例:a part-time job一份兼职工作;out of work 失业3.family, home, housefamily强调整体,指“家、家庭”时,谓语动词用单数;强调个人,指“家庭成员”时,谓语动词用复数;不用于指住房。
名词属于十大词类中的一种，主要包括普通名词和专有名词两种。
纵观近几年中考对于名词的考查，主要以选择题和填空题为主，考查内容以词义理解、名词所有格及词形转换居多。
在备考2023年中考时，注意掌握名词变复数的变化规则，掌握不可数名词向可数名词转化的规律，名词所有格的用法，名词的句法功能等，并做到灵活运用，以便提高综合运用能力。
中考考查重点：一、名词词义辨析；二、名词的数；三、名词所有格。
考向一：名词的分类分类说明例句普通名词可数名词个体名词表示人或事物的个体名称city城市，panda熊猫，chair椅子，hospital医院，nurse护士集体名词表示一群人或一些事物的总称public公众，people人们，class班级，family家庭，police警察不可数名词物质名词表示无法分为个体的物质或材料的名称rice大米，snow雪，steel钢铁，cotton棉花，corn玉米，air空气抽象名词表示行为、状态、品质、感情等抽象概念的名词courage勇气，determination决心，satisfaction满意，happiness幸福，success成功，love热爱专有名词表示人名、地名、国名London伦敦，Tom汤姆，the Great Wall长城，Asia亚洲表示书名、电影名、各种标语Spider Man 《蜘蛛侠》表示机构、组织、团体UNESCO联合国教科文组织集体名词的分类1. 本身是复数，如，cattle牛群，people人们，police警察。
2. 本身单复数均可表示，如audience观众，class班级，club俱乐部，committee委员会，company公司，crew船员，enemy敌人，family家庭，government政府，group组，team队（当这一类词作主语时，谓语动词的单复数形式取决于其表示的具体含义，如果作为一个整体看待时，谓语动词用单数形式；如果指的是具体成员，则谓语动词用复数形式）►The family is the basic unit of society. 家庭是构成社会的基本单位。
专题01 名词1. The ________ rang and Pat answered it. It was his son calling from New York.A. telephoneB. doorbellC. clockD. bike【答案】A【解析】【详解】句意：电话铃响了，帕特接了电话。
是他儿子从纽约打来的。
考查名词辨析。
telephone电话；doorbell门铃；clock时钟；bike 自行车。
结合语境和下一句“It was his son calling from New York.”可知帕特的儿子从纽约打电话来，所以应该是电话铃声响了。
故选A。
（2022·云南昆明·中考真题）2. —Do you know March 21st is World Sleep Day? Sleep is important to us.—Yes. A good sleep gives us ________ and makes us happy. A. truth B. fame C. energy D. culture【答案】C【解析】【详解】句意：——你知道3月21日是世界睡眠日吗？睡眠对我们很重要。
——是的。
良好的睡眠给我们能量，让我们快乐。
考查名词辨析。
truth事实；fame声誉；energy能量；culture文化。
根据“A good sleep gives us”可知睡眠让人精力充沛。
故选C。
3. —Jack, I have no idea for the report.—Me neither. Why don’t we ask the teacher for ________?A. helpB. jokesC. foodD. tickets【答案】A【解析】【详解】句意：——Jack，我对这份报告没有什么想法。
——我也没有。
我们为什么不向老师求助呢？考查名词辨析。
第一讲名词一、名词的定义名词是表示人、事、物、地点以及抽象概念的词。
二、名词的分类（一）专有名词和普通名词名词根据其意义分为普通名词和专有名词1、专有名词是表示特定的人或事物名称的词。
如：Peter, Snow White, Sunday, April,Christmas Day, China, Changsha, the Great Wall, the WTO, West Street...2、凡不属于特定的人或事物的名称的词，叫普通名词。
如：desk, book , people, air, interest,idea...（二）可数名词和不可数名词名词根据是否能够用数字来计算，可以分为可数名词和不可数名词。
1、可数名词复数的变化规则a．一般情况下，直接加-s，如：book-books, bag-bags, cat-cats, bed-beds ；b．以s. x. sh. ch结尾，加-es，如：bus-buses, box-boxes, brush-brushes,watch-watches；c．以“辅音字母+y”结尾，变y为i,再加-es，如：family-families, city-cities ；d．以“f或fe”结尾，变f或fe为v,再加-es，如：wife- wives, knife-knives,wolf -wolves, leaf-leaves ；e．以“o”结尾的词，分两种情况1）__________+es 如：mango-mangoes tomato-tomatoes hero-heroes2) ___________+s 如：photo-photos radio-radiosf. 不规则名词复数：man-men, woman-women, policeman-policemen,policewoman-policewomen, snowman-snowmen, child-children, foot-feet,tooth-teeth, mouse-mice, goose-geese单复数同形:fish-fish deer -deer sheep -sheep people(人们）-people Chinese-Chinese Japanese-Japanese（中日不变英法变，其余后面加s)Englishman-____________________, Frenchman-_________________Russian=_____________________ American-__________________2、复合名词变复数boy student-boy students man doctor-men doctors3、不可数名词◆不可数名词没有复数形式，如：tea,,meat.◆不可数名词不可以被基数词和不定冠词（a/an）直接修饰，若要表示数量，就得在数词和不可数名词之间加上“量词+of”。
中考四轮复习第一轮专题一：名词一、名词1．可数名词和不可数名词的用法；2．名词所有格的构成及用法；3．近义名词的辨析。
【考点讲解】一、名词的数1．单数和复数可数名词有单数和复数两种形式。
复数形式通常是在单数形式后加词尾“-s”构成，其主要变法如下：（1）一般情况在词尾加-s，例如：book→books，girl→girls，boy→boys，pen→pens,doctor→doctors。
以s，x，ch，sh，结尾的词加-es，例如：bus→buses，class→classes，box→boxes，watch→watches，brush→brushes。
（3）以ce, se, ze,（d）ge结尾的名词加s，例如：orange—oranges。
（4）以辅音母加y结尾的词变“y”为“i”再加-es,例如：city→cities,factory→factories, country→countries, family→families。
但要注意的是以元音字母加y结尾的名词的复数形式只加s，如：boy→boys, day→days。
（5）以o结尾的词多数都加-es。
例如:hero→heroes，potato→potatoes，tomato→tomatoes,但词末为两个元音字母的词只加-s。
例如：zoo→zoos，radio→radios，还有某些词也只加-s，例如：photo→photos，piano→pianos。
（6）以f或fe结尾的词，多数变f为v再加-es，例如：knife→knives，leaf→leaves, half→halves。
（7）少数名词有不规则的复数形式，例如：man→men，woman→women，tooth→teeth，foot→feet，child→children，mouse→mice。
【注意】与man和woman构成的合成词，其复数形式也是-men和-women。
例如：an Englishman，two Englishmen。
但German不是合成词，故复数形式为Germans；man, woman等作定语时，它的单复数以其所修饰的名词的单复数而定，如：men workers，women teachers。
有个别名词单复数一样，例如：Chinese，Japanese，sheep，deer，fish等。
但当fish表示不同种类的鱼时，可以加复数词尾。
（8）单数形式但其意为复数的名词有：people, police等。
（9）数词+名词作定语时，这个名词一般保留单数形式，中间加连字符。
例如：ten-minutes’ walk, an 8-year-old girl, a ten-mile walk。
（10）还有些名词仅有复数形式，如：trousers，clothes，chopsticks，glasses，goods，ashes，scissors。
（11）只用作单数的复数形式的名词有：科学名词：physics, mathematics/maths专有名词：the United States, Niagara Falls其他名词：news, falls2．不可数名词“量”的表示方法在英语中，不可数名词如果要表示“量”的概念，可以用以下两种方法：（1）用much, a little, a lot of/lots of, some, any等表示多少，例如：The rich man has a lot of money．There is some milk in the bottle．Is there any water in the glassI don't like winter because there's too much snow and ice．（2）用a piece of 这类定语，例如：a piece of paper, a piece of wood, a piece of breada bottle of orange, a glass of water（milk）, a cup of teaa cup of tea, a bag of rice, three bags of rice如果要表示“两杯茶”、“四张纸”这类概念时，在容器后加复数，例如：two cups of tea, four pieces of paper, three glasses of water可数名词也可用a lot of, lots of, some, any, much等来修饰。
二、名词的所有格1. 名词所有格，用来表示人或物的所有，以及领属关系。
表示有生命的名词的所有格其单数形式是加's,其复数形式是s'，例如：a student's room, students' rooms, father's shoes。
2. 如其结尾不是s的复数形式仍加's，如：Children's Day。
3. 在表示时间、距离、长度、重量、价格、世界、国家等名词的所有格要用's，例如：a twenty minutes' walk，ten miles' journey，a boat's length，two pounds' weight, ten dollars' worth。
4. 无生命名词的所有格则必须用of结构，例如：a map of China，the end of thisterm，the capital of our country, the color of the flowers。
5. 双重所有格，例如：a friend of my father's。
【注意】如果两个名词并列，并且分别有's，则表示“分别有”，例如：John's and Mary's rooms（约翰和玛丽各有一间，共两间）；Tom's and Mary's bikes（两人各自的自行车）。
两个名词并列，只有一个's，则表示“共有”，例如：John and Mary's room（约翰和玛丽共有一间）；Tom and Mary's mother（即Tom与Mary是兄妹）。
【实例解析】1.（2004年上海徐汇区中考试题）These _________ have saved many children’s lives.A. woman doctorsB. women doctorC. women doctorsD. woman doctor2. (2004年河北省中考试题)This is _________ bedroom. The twin sisters like it very much.A. Anne and JaneB. Anne’s and Jane’sC. Anne’s and JaneD. Anne and Jane’s3. (2004年吉林省中考试题)---Are there any ________ on the farm---Yes, there are some.A. horseB. duckC. chickenD. sheep4. (2004年佛山市中考试题)---What would you like to drink, ________ or orange---Orange, please.A. hamburgerB. chipC. tea【中考演练1】一. 单项填空went to Dr. Brown’s yesterday. He gave us _____.A. some adviceB. advicesC. an adviceD. some advices2. What _____ they’ve got! No wonder they are very happy.A. a good newsB. quite a good newsC. good newsD. little news3. Much ______ to fight against pollution.A. have been doneB. has been doneC. had been doneD. has done 4. What ______ ! Let’s go swimming.A. a fine weatherB. fine dayC. a fine dayD. bad weather5. You have made _______. You should be more careful.A. a lot of mistakeB. a great deal of mistakesC. a large number of mistakesD. few mistakes6. Before we moved into the new house, we bought many________.A. furnituresB. futureC. pieces of futureD. pieces of furnitures7. The bookshelf over there is __________.A. Mary’s and Jane’sB. Mary’s and JaneC. Mary and Jane’sD. Mary ‘s furnituressaw the guest off at _______ yesterday.A. the Shanghai’s Railway StationB. the Shanghai Railway StationC. Shanghai Railway StationD. The railway Station of Shanghai9. They had a good time at the ______ Palace.A. childrenB. Children’sC. ChildrenD. Childrens’10. Xiao Li was _____ in my boyhood.A. my close friendB. mine a close friendC. a close friend of mineD. a close friend of me11. These are ______ famous other presses They are having a meeting in one of the _____office.A. editor-in-chiefs; editor’s- in chiefB. editors-in-chief; editors- in-chief’sC. editor-in-chief’s; editor’s-in-chiefD. editor-in-chief’s; editors-in-chief’s12. There are five _______ in our class.A. Zhang’sB. Zhangs’C. ZhangsD. The Zhangs13. How far is your schoolA. Twenty-five minutes walk.B. The walk of twenty-five minutesC. Twenty-five minutes walksD. Twenty-five minutes’ walk.do you like better, _______ or _______A. sheep; cowsB. sheep; cowC. sheeps; cowD. sheeps; cows15. We’re going to have a ______ next month.A. two day’ holidayB. two day holidayC. two days holidayD. two days’ holiday16. Who’s a cousinA. Uncle or aunt’s son.B. Uncle or aunt’s daughterC. Uncle’s or aunt’s child.D. Uncle or aunt’s brother or sister.17. She always wears beautiful _______.A. clothesB. clothC. dressD. clothings18. Will you have a little ______A. more fishesB. more fishC. much fishesD. fishes19. There _____ in my class. Which of them do you want to seeA. is JohnB. are three JohnsC. are the John’sD. is the John20. Twenty dollars _____ what he needs.A. wasB. wereC. isD. has been21. The United Nations ______ a resolution.A. has pastB. has passedC. have passedD. has through22. The Arabian Nights ______ a very interesting storybook.A. isB. areC. has beenD. had been23. The New York Times ______ a wide circulation(发行额).A. isB. hasC. areD. have24. Mathematics(数学) _____ a very important subject.A. areB. isC. wereD. was25. His physics ______ weak. A. is B. seem C. was D. are26. An iron works ______ now.A. is being builtB. are being builtC. has builtD. has been built27. Every means ______ tried to improve teaching and learning.A. hasB. has beenC. haveD. were28. The police _____ searching for a tall dark man with long hair.A. isB. has beenC. areD. had been29. I was very excited when I saw so many ____ on the farm.(2006长沙中考题)A. chickenB. sheepC. duck30. –- I want to go to different places, but I don’t know the ______.--- A map is helpful, I think.(2006江西中考题)A. priceB. wayC. timeD. ticket31. —Can I help you-- I’d like ______ for my twin daughters.(2005黄冈市中考题)A. two pair of shoesB. two pair of shoeC. two pairs of shoeD. two pairs of shoes32. I’ve read _____ sports news about the F1 race today.A. twoB. piecesC. two piecesD. two pieces of二. 根据下列句子的情景及所给汉语注释，写出所缺单词。
