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第六章6.1.1Attributes must be separated by commas. Thus here B is an alias of A.6.1.2a)SELECT address AS Studio_AddressFROM StudioWHERE NAME = 'MGM';b)SELECT birthdate AS Star_BirthdateFROM MovieStarWHERE name = 'Sandra Bullock';c)SELECT starNameFROM StarsInWHERE movieYear = 1980OR movieTitle LIKE '%Love%';However, above query will also return words that have the substring Love e.g. Lover. Below query will only return movies that have title containing the word Love.SELECT starNameFROM StarsInWHERE movieYear = 1980OR movieTitle LIKE 'Love %'OR movieTitle LIKE '% Love %'OR movieTitle LIKE '% Love'OR movieTitle = 'Love';d)SELECT name AS Exec_NameFROM MovieExecWHERE netWorth >= 10000000;e)SELECT name AS Star_NameFROM movieStarWHERE gender = 'M'OR address LIKE '% Malibu %';6.1.3a)SELECT model,speed,hdFROM PCWHERE price < 1000 ;MODEL SPEED HD----- ---------- ------1002 2.10 2501003 1.42 801004 2.80 2501005 3.20 2501007 2.20 2001008 2.20 2501009 2.00 2501010 2.80 3001011 1.86 1601012 2.80 1601013 3.06 8011 record(s) selected.b)SELECT model ,speed AS gigahertz,hd AS gigabytesFROM PCWHERE price < 1000 ;MODEL GIGAHERTZ GIGABYTES ----- ---------- ---------1002 2.10 2501003 1.42 801004 2.80 2501005 3.20 2501007 2.20 2001008 2.20 2501009 2.00 2501010 2.80 3001011 1.86 1601012 2.80 1601013 3.06 8011 record(s) selected.c)SELECT makerFROM ProductWHERE TYPE = 'printer' ; MAKER-----DDEEEHH7 record(s) selected.d)SELECT model,ram ,screenFROM LaptopWHERE price > 1500 ;MODEL RAM SCREEN----- ------ -------2001 2048 20.12005 1024 17.02006 2048 15.42010 2048 15.44 record(s) selected.e)SELECT *FROM PrinterWHERE color ;MODEL CASE TYPE PRICE----- ----- -------- ------3001 TRUE ink-jet 993003 TRUE laser 9993004 TRUE ink-jet 1203006 TRUE ink-jet 1003007 TRUE laser 2005 record(s) selected.Note: Implementation of Boolean type is optional in SQL standard (feature ID T031). PostgreSQL has implementation similar to above example. Other DBMS provide equivalent support. E.g. In DB2 the column type can be declare as SMALLINT with CONSTRAINT that the value can be 0 or 1. The result can be returned as Boolean type CHAR using CASE.CREATE TABLE Printer(model CHAR(4) UNIQUE NOT NULL,color SMALLINT ,type VARCHAR(8) ,price SMALLINT ,CONSTRAINT Printer_ISCOLOR CHECK(color IN(0,1)));SELECT model,CASE colorWHEN 1THEN 'TRUE'WHEN 0THEN 'FALSE'ELSE 'ERROR'END CASE ,type,priceFROM PrinterWHERE color = 1;f)SELECT model,hdFROM PCWHERE speed = 3.2AND price < 2000;MODEL HD----- ------1005 2501006 3202 record(s) selected.6.1.4a)SELECT class,countryFROM ClassesWHERE numGuns >= 10 ;CLASS COUNTRY ------------------ ------------Tennessee USA1 record(s) selected.b)SELECT name AS shipName FROM ShipsWHERE launched < 1918 ;SHIPNAME------------------HarunaHieiKirishimaKongoRamilliesRenownRepulseResolutionRevengeRoyal OakRoyal Sovereign11 record(s) selected.c)SELECT ship AS shipName, battleFROM Outcomes WHERE result = 'sunk' ; SHIPNAME BATTLE ------------------ ------------------Arizona Pearl Harbor Bismark Denmark Strait Fuso Surigao Strait Hood Denmark Strait Kirishima Guadalcanal Scharnhorst North Cape Yamashiro Surigao Strait 7 record(s) selected.d)SELECT name AS shipName FROM ShipsWHERE name = class ;SHIPNAME------------------IowaKongoNorth CarolinaRenownRevengeYamato6 record(s) selected.e)SELECT name AS shipNameFROM ShipsWHERE name LIKE 'R%';SHIPNAME------------------RamilliesRenownRepulseResolutionRevengeRoyal OakRoyal Sovereign7 record(s) selected.Note: As mentioned in exercise 2.4.3, there are some dangling pointers and to retrieve all ships a UNION of Ships and Outcomes is required.Below query returns 8 rows including ship named Rodney.SELECT name AS shipNameFROM ShipsWHERE name LIKE 'R%'UNIONSELECT ship AS shipNameFROM OutcomesWHERE ship LIKE 'R%';f) Only using a filter like '% % %' will incorrectly match name such as ' a b 'since % can match any sequence of 0 or more characters.SELECT name AS shipNameFROM ShipsWHERE name LIKE '_% _% _%' ;SHIPNAME------------------0 record(s) selected.Note: As in (e), UNION with results from Outcomes.SELECT name AS shipNameFROM ShipsWHERE name LIKE '_% _% _%'UNIONSELECT ship AS shipNameFROM OutcomesWHERE ship LIKE '_% _% _%' ;SHIPNAME------------------Duke of YorkKing George VPrince of Wales3 record(s) selected.6.1.5a)The resulting expression is false when neither of (a=10) or (b=20) is TRUE.a = 10b = 20 a = 10 OR b = 20NULL TRUE TRUETRUE NULL TRUEFALSE TRUE TRUETRUE FALSE TRUETRUE TRUE TRUEb)The resulting expression is only TRUE when both (a=10) and (b=20) are TRUE.a = 10b = 20 a = 10 AND b = 20TRUE TRUE TRUEc)The expression is always TRUE unless a is NULL.a < 10 a >= 10 a = 10 ANDb = 20TRUE FALSE TRUEFALSE TRUE TRUEd)The expression is TRUE when a=b except when the values are NULL.a b a = bNOT NULL NOT NULL TRUE when a=b; else FALSEe)Like in (d), the expression is TRUE when a<=b except when the values are NULL.a b a <= bNOT NULL NOT NULL TRUE when a<=b; else FALSE6.1.6SELECT *FROM MoviesWHERE LENGTH IS NOT NULL;6.2.1a)SELECT AS starNameFROM MovieStar M,StarsIn SWHERE = S.starNameAND S.movieTitle = 'Titanic'AND M.gender = 'M';b)SELECT S.starNameFROM Movies M ,StarsIn S,Studios TWHERE ='MGM'AND M.year = 1995AND M.title = S.movieTitleAND M.studioName = ;c)SELECT AS presidentNameFROM MovieExec X,Studio TWHERE X.cert# = T.presC#AND = 'MGM';d)SELECT M1.titleFROM Movies M1,Movies M2WHERE M1.length > M2.lengthAND M2.title ='Gone With the Wind' ;e)SELECT AS execNameFROM MovieExec X1,MovieExec X2WHERE Worth > WorthAND = 'Merv Griffin' ;6.2.2a)SELECT R.maker AS manufacturer, L.speed AS gigahertzFROM Product R,Laptop LWHERE L.hd >= 30AND R.model = L.model ; MANUFACTURER GIGAHERTZ ------------ ----------A 2.00A 2.16A 2.00B 1.83E 2.00E 1.73E 1.80F 1.60F 1.60G 2.0010 record(s) selected.b)SELECT R.model,P.priceFROM Product R,PC PWHERE R.maker = 'B'AND R.model = P.model UNIONSELECT R.model,L.priceFROM Product R,Laptop LWHERE R.maker = 'B'AND R.model = L.model UNIONSELECT R.model,T.priceFROM Product R,Printer TWHERE R.maker = 'B'AND R.model = T.model ;----- ------1004 6491005 6301006 10492007 14294 record(s) selected.c)SELECT R.makerFROM Product R,Laptop LWHERE R.model = L.model EXCEPTSELECT R.makerFROM Product R,PC PWHERE R.model = P.model ; MAKER-----FG2 record(s) selected.d)SELECT DISTINCT P1.hd FROM PC P1,PC P2WHERE P1.hd =P2.hdAND P1.model > P2.model ; Alternate Answer:SELECT DISTINCT P.hdFROM PC PGROUP BY P.hdHAVING COUNT(P.model) >= 2 ; e)SELECT P1.model,P2.modelFROM PC P1,PC P2WHERE P1.speed = P2.speedAND P1.ram = P2.ramAND P1.model < P2.model ; MODEL MODEL----- -----1004 10121 record(s) selected.f)FROM(SELECT maker,R.modelFROM PC P,Product RWHERE SPEED >= 3.0AND P.model=R.modelUNIONSELECT maker,R.modelFROM Laptop L,Product RWHERE speed >= 3.0AND L.model=R.model) MGROUP BY M.makerHAVING COUNT(M.model) >= 2 ; MAKER-----B1 record(s) selected.6.2.3a)SELECT FROM Ships S,Classes CWHERE S.class = C.classAND C.displacement > 35000; NAME------------------IowaMissouriMusashiNew JerseyNorth CarolinaWashingtonWisconsinYamato8 record(s) selected.b)SELECT ,C.displacement,C.numGunsFROM Ships S ,Outcomes O,Classes CWHERE = O.shipAND S.class = C.classAND O.battle = 'Guadalcanal' ;NAME DISPLACEMENT NUMGUNS------------------ ------------ -------Kirishima 32000 8Washington 37000 92 record(s) selected.Note:South Dakota was also engaged in battle of Guadalcanal but not chosen since it is not in Ships table(Hence, no information regarding it's Class is available).c)SELECT name shipNameFROM ShipsUNIONSELECT ship shipNameFROM Outcomes ;SHIPNAME------------------ArizonaBismarkCaliforniaDuke of YorkFusoHarunaHieiHoodIowaKing George VKirishimaKongoMissouriMusashiNew JerseyNorth CarolinaPrince of WalesRamilliesRenownRepulseResolutionRevengeRodneyRoyal OakRoyal SovereignScharnhorstSouth DakotaTenneseeTennesseeWashingtonWest VirginiaWisconsinYamashiroYamato34 record(s) selected.d)SELECT C1.countryFROM Classes C1,Classes C2WHERE C1.country = C2.country AND C1.type = 'bb'AND C2.type = 'bc' ; COUNTRY------------Gt. BritainJapan2 record(s) selected.e)SELECT O1.shipFROM Outcomes O1,Battles B1WHERE O1.battle = AND O1.result = 'damaged'AND EXISTS(SELECT B2.dateFROM Outcomes O2,Battles B2WHERE O2.battle= AND O1.ship = O2.shipAND B1.date < B2.date) ;SHIP------------------0 record(s) selected.f)SELECT O.battleFROM Outcomes O,Ships S ,Classes CWHERE O.ship = AND S.class = C.class GROUP BY C.country,O.battleHAVING COUNT(O.ship) > 3;SELECT O.battleFROM Ships S ,Classes C,Outcomes OWHERE C.Class = S.classAND O.ship = GROUP BY C.country,O.battleHAVING COUNT(O.ship) >= 3;6.2.4Since tuple variables are not guaranteed to be unique, every relation Ri should be renamed using an alias. Every tuple variable should be qualified with the alias. Tuple variables for repeating relations will also be distinctly identified this way.Thus the query will be likeSELECT A1.COLL1,A1.COLL2,A2.COLL1,…FROM R1 A1,R2 A2,…,Rn AnWHERE A1.COLL1=A2.COLC2,…6.2.5Again, create a tuple variable for every Ri, i=1,2,...,nThat is, the FROM clause isFROM R1 A1, R2 A2,...,Rn An.Now, build the WHERE clause from C by replacing every reference to some attribute COL1 of Ri by Ai.COL1. In addition apply Natural Join i.e. add condition to check equality of common attribute names between Ri and Ri+1 for all i from 0 to n-1. Also, build the SELECT clause from list of attributes L by replacing every attribute COLj of Ri by Ai.COLj.6.3.1a)SELECT DISTINCT makerFROM ProductWHERE model IN(SELECT modelFROM PCWHERE speed >= 3.0);SELECT DISTINCT R.makerFROM Product RWHERE EXISTS(SELECT P.modelFROM PC PWHERE P.speed >= 3.0AND P.model =R.model);b)SELECT P1.modelFROM Printer P1WHERE P1.price >= ALL(SELECT P2.priceFROM Printer P2) ;SELECT P1.modelFROM Printer P1WHERE P1.price IN(SELECT MAX(P2.price)FROM Printer P2) ;c)SELECT L.modelFROM Laptop LWHERE L.speed < ANY(SELECT P.speedFROM PC P) ;SELECT L.modelFROM Laptop LWHERE EXISTS(SELECT P.speedFROM PC PWHERE P.speed >= L.speed ) ;d)SELECT modelFROM(SELECT model,priceFROM PCUNIONSELECT model,priceFROM LaptopUNIONSELECT model,priceFROM Printer) M1WHERE M1.price >= ALL (SELECT priceFROM PCUNIONSELECT priceFROM LaptopUNIONSELECT priceFROM Printer) ;(d) – contd --SELECT modelFROM(SELECT model,priceFROM PCUNIONSELECT model,priceFROM LaptopUNIONSELECT model,priceFROM Printer) M1WHERE M1.price IN(SELECT MAX(price)FROM(SELECT priceFROM PCUNIONSELECT priceFROM LaptopUNIONSELECT priceFROM Printer) M2) ;e)SELECT R.makerFROM Product R,Printer TWHERE R.model =T.model AND T.price <= ALL(SELECT MIN(price)FROM Printer);SELECT R.makerFROM Product R,Printer T1WHERE R.model =T1.model AND T1.price IN(SELECT MIN(T2.price) FROM Printer T2);f)SELECT R1.makerFROM Product R1,PC P1WHERE R1.model=P1.model AND P1.ram IN(SELECT MIN(ram)FROM PC)AND P1.speed >= ALL(SELECT P1.speedFROM Product R1,PC P1WHERE R1.model=P1.model AND P1.ram IN(SELECT MIN(ram)FROM PC));SELECT R1.makerFROM Product R1,PC P1WHERE R1.model=P1.modelAND P1.ram =(SELECT MIN(ram)FROM PC)AND P1.speed IN(SELECT MAX(P1.speed)FROM Product R1,PC P1WHERE R1.model=P1.model AND P1.ram IN(SELECT MIN(ram)FROM PC));6.3.2a)SELECT C.countryFROM Classes CWHERE numGuns IN(SELECT MAX(numGuns)FROM Classes);SELECT C.countryFROM Classes CWHERE numGuns >= ALL(SELECT numGunsFROM Classes);b)SELECT DISTINCT C.class FROM Classes C,Ships SWHERE C.class = S.classAND EXISTS(SELECT shipFROM Outcomes OWHERE O.result='sunk'AND O.ship = ) ;SELECT DISTINCT C.class FROM Classes C,Ships SWHERE C.class = S.classAND IN(SELECT shipFROM Outcomes OWHERE O.result='sunk' ) ;c)SELECT FROM Ships SWHERE S.class IN(SELECT classFROM Classes CWHERE bore=16) ;SELECT FROM Ships SWHERE EXISTS(SELECT classFROM Classes CWHERE bore =16AND C.class = S.class );d)SELECT O.battleFROM Outcomes O WHERE O.ship IN(SELECT nameFROM Ships SWHERE S.Class ='Kongo' );SELECT O.battleFROM Outcomes O WHERE EXISTS(SELECT nameFROM Ships SWHERE S.Class ='Kongo' AND = O.ship );e)SELECT FROM Ships S,Classes CWHERE S.Class = C.ClassAND numGuns >= ALL(SELECT numGunsFROM Ships S2,Classes C2WHERE S2.Class = C2.Class AND C2.bore = C.bore) ;SELECT FROM Ships S,Classes CWHERE S.Class = C.ClassAND numGuns IN(SELECT MAX(numGuns)FROM Ships S2,Classes C2WHERE S2.Class = C2.Class AND C2.bore = C.bore) ;Better answer;SELECT FROM Ships S,Classes CWHERE S.Class = C.ClassAND numGuns >= ALL(SELECT numGunsFROM Classes C2WHERE C2.bore = C.bore) ;SELECT FROM Ships S,Classes CWHERE S.Class = C.ClassAND numGuns IN(SELECT MAX(numGuns)FROM Classes C2WHERE C2.bore = C.bore) ;6.3.3SELECT titleFROM MoviesGROUP BY titleHAVING COUNT(title) > 1 ;6.3.4SELECT FROM Ships S,Classes CWHERE S.Class = C.Class ;Assumption: In R1 join R2, the rows of R2 are unique on the joining columns. SELECT COLL12,COLL13,COLL14FROM R1WHERE COLL12 IN(SELECT COL22FROM R2)AND COLL13 IN(SELECT COL33FROM R3)AND COLL14 IN(SELECT COL44FROM R4) ...6.3.5(a)SELECT ,S.addressFROM MovieStar S,MovieExec EWHERE S.gender ='F'AND Worth > 10000000AND = AND S.address = E.address ;Note: As mentioned previously in the book, the names of stars are unique. However no such restriction exists for executives. Thus, both name and address are required as join columns.Alternate solution:SELECT name,addressFROM MovieStarWHERE gender = 'F'AND (name, address) IN(SELECT name,addressFROM MovieExecWHERE netWorth > 10000000) ;(b)SELECT name,addressFROM MovieStarWHERE (name,address) NOT IN(SELECT name addressFROM MovieExec) ;6.3.6By replacing the column in subquery with a constant and using IN subquery for the constant, statement equivalent to EXISTS can be found.i.e. replace "WHERE EXISTS (SELECT C1 FROM R1..)" by "WHERE 1 IN (SELECT 1 FROM R1...)"Example:SELECT DISTINCT R.makerFROM Product RWHERE EXISTS(SELECT P.modelFROM PC PWHERE P.speed >= 3.0AND P.model =R.model) ;Above statement can be transformed to below statement.SELECT DISTINCT R.makerFROM Product RWHERE 1 IN(SELECT 1FROM PC PWHERE P.speed >= 3.0AND P.model =R.model) ;6.3.7(a)n*m tuples are returned where there are n studios and m executives. Each studio will appear m times; once for every exec.(b)There are no common attributes between StarsIn and MovieStar; hence no tuples are returned.(c)There will be at least one tuple corresponding to each star in MovieStar. The unemployed stars will appear once with null values for StarsIn. All employed stars will appear as many times as the number of movies they are working in. In other words, for each tuple in StarsIn(starName), the correspoding tuple from MovieStar(name)) is joined and returned. For tuples in MovieStar that do not have a corresponding entry in StarsIn, the MovieStar tuple is returned with null values for StarsIn columns.6.3.8Since model numbers are unique, a full natural outer join of PC, Laptop and Printer will return one row for each model. We want all information about PCs, Laptops and Printers even if the model does not appear in Product but vice versa is not true. Thus a left natural outer join between Product and result above is required. The type attribute from Product must be renamed since Printer has a type attribute as well and the two attributes are different.(SELECT maker,model,type AS productTypeFROM Product) RIGHT NATURAL OUTER JOIN ((PC FULL NATURAL OUTER JOIN Laptop) FULL NATURAL OUTER JOIN Printer); Alternately, the Product relation can be joined individually with each of PC,Laptop and Printer and the three results can be Unioned together. For attributes that do not exist in one relation, a constant such as 'NA' or 0.0 can be used. Below is an example of this approach using PC and Laptop.SELECT R.MAKER ,R.MODEL ,R.TYPE ,P.SPEED ,P.RAM ,P.HD ,0.0 AS SCREEN,P.PRICEFROM PRODUCT R,PC PWHERE R.MODEL = P.MODELUNIONSELECT R.MAKER ,R.MODEL ,R.TYPE ,L.SPEED ,L.RAM ,L.HD ,L.SCREEN,L.PRICEFROM PRODUCT R,LAPTOP LWHERE R.MODEL = L.MODEL;6.3.9SELECT *FROM Classes RIGHT NATURALOUTER JOIN Ships ;6.3.10SELECT *FROM Classes RIGHT NATURALOUTER JOIN ShipsUNION(SELECT C2.class ,C2.type ,C2.country ,C2.numguns ,C2.bore ,C2.displacement,C2.class NAME ,FROM Classes C2,Ships S2WHERE C2.Class NOT IN(SELECT ClassFROM Ships)) ;6.3.11(a)SELECT *FROM R,S ;(b)Let Attr consist ofAttrR = attributes unique to RAttrS = attributes unique to SAttrU = attributes common to R and SThus in Attr, attributes common to R and S are not repeated. SELECT AttrFROM R,SWHERE R.AttrU1 = S.AttrU1AND R.AttrU2 = S.AttrU2 ...AND R.AttrUi = S.AttrUi ;(c)SELECT *FROM R,SWHERE C ;6.4.1(a)DISTINCT keyword is not required here since each model only occurs once in PC relation. SELECT modelFROM PCWHERE speed >= 3.0 ;(b)SELECT DISTINCT R.makerFROM Product R,Laptop LWHERE R.model = L.modelAND L.hd > 100 ;(c)SELECT R.model,P.priceFROM Product R,PC PWHERE R.model = P.modelAND R.maker = 'B'UNIONSELECT R.model,L.priceFROM Product R,Laptop LWHERE R.model = L.modelAND R.maker = 'B'UNIONSELECT R.model,T.priceFROM Product R,Printer TWHERE R.model = T.modelAND R.maker = 'B' ;(d)SELECT modelFROM PrinterWHERE color=TRUEAND type ='laser' ;(e)SELECT DISTINCT R.makerFROM Product R,Laptop LWHERE R.model = L.modelAND R.maker NOT IN(SELECT R1.makerFROM Product R1,PC PWHERE R1.model = P.model) ;better:SELECT DISTINCT R.makerFROM Product RWHERE R.type = 'laptop'AND R.maker NOT IN(SELECT R.makerFROM Product RWHERE R.type = 'pc') ;(f)With GROUP BY hd, DISTINCT keyword is not required. SELECT hdFROM PCGROUP BY hdHAVING COUNT(hd) > 1 ;(g)SELECT P1.model,P2.modelFROM PC P1,PC P2WHERE P1.speed = P2.speedAND P1.ram = P2.ramAND P1.model < P2.model ;(h)SELECT R.makerFROM Product RWHERE R.model IN(SELECT P.modelFROM PC PWHERE P.speed >= 2.8)OR R.model IN(SELECT L.modelFROM Laptop LWHERE L.speed >= 2.8)GROUP BY R.makerHAVING COUNT(R.model) > 1 ;(i)After finding the maximum speed, an IN subquery can provide the manufacturer name. SELECT MAX(M.speed)FROM(SELECT speedFROM PCUNIONSELECT speedFROM Laptop) M ;SELECT R.makerFROM Product R,PC PWHERE R.model = P.modelAND P.speed IN(SELECT MAX(M.speed)FROM(SELECT speedFROM PCUNIONSELECT speedFROM Laptop) M)UNIONSELECT R2.makerFROM Product R2,Laptop LWHERE R2.model = L.modelAND L.speed IN(SELECT MAX(N.speed)FROM(SELECT speedFROM PCUNIONSELECT speedFROM Laptop) N) ;Alternately,SELECT COALESCE(MAX(P2.speed),MAX(L2.speed),0) SPEEDFROM PC P2FULL OUTER JOIN Laptop L2ON P2.speed = L2.speed ;SELECT R.makerFROM Product R,PC PWHERE R.model = P.modelAND P.speed IN(SELECT COALESCE(MAX(P2.speed),MAX(L2.speed),0) SPEED FROM PC P2FULL OUTER JOIN Laptop L2ON P2.speed = L2.speed)UNIONSELECT R2.makerFROM Product R2,Laptop LWHERE R2.model = L.modelAND L.speed IN(SELECT COALESCE(MAX(P2.speed),MAX(L2.speed),0) SPEED FROM PC P2FULL OUTER JOIN Laptop L2ON P2.speed = L2.speed)(j)SELECT R.makerFROM Product R,PC PWHERE R.model = P.modelGROUP BY R.makerHAVING COUNT(DISTINCT speed) >= 3 ;(k)SELECT R.makerFROM Product R,PC PWHERE R.model = P.modelGROUP BY R.makerHAVING COUNT(R.model) = 3 ;better;SELECT R.makerFROM Product RWHERE R.type='pc'GROUP BY R.makerHAVING COUNT(R.model) = 3 ;6.4.2(a)We can assume that class is unique in Classes and DISTINCT keyword is not required.SELECT class,countryFROM ClassesWHERE bore >= 16 ;(b)Ship names are not unique (In absence of hull codes, year of launch can help distinguish ships).SELECT DISTINCT name AS Ship_NameFROM ShipsWHERE launched < 1921 ;(c)SELECT DISTINCT ship AS Ship_NameFROM OutcomesWHERE battle = 'Denmark Strait'AND result = 'sunk' ;(d)SELECT DISTINCT AS Ship_NameFROM Ships S,Classes CWHERE S.class = C.classAND C.displacement > 35000 ;(e)SELECT DISTINCT O.ship AS Ship_Name,C.displacement ,C.numGunsFROM Classes C ,Outcomes O,Ships SWHERE C.class = S.classAND = O.shipAND O.battle = 'Guadalcanal' ;SHIP_NAME DISPLACEMENT NUMGUNS------------------ ------------ -------Kirishima 32000 8Washington 37000 92 record(s) selected.Note: South Dakota was also in Guadalcanal but its class information is not available. Below query will return name of all ships that were in Guadalcanal even if no other information is available (shown as NULL). The above query is modified from INNER joins to LEFT OUTER joins.SELECT DISTINCT O.ship AS Ship_Name,C.displacement ,C.numGunsFROM Outcomes OLEFT JOIN Ships SON = O.shipLEFT JOIN Classes CON C.class = S.classWHERE O.battle = 'Guadalcanal' ;SHIP_NAME DISPLACEMENT NUMGUNS------------------ ------------ -------Kirishima 32000 8South Dakota - -Washington 37000 93 record(s) selected.(f)The Set opearator UNION guarantees unique results.SELECT ship AS Ship_NameFROM OutcomesUNIONSELECT name AS Ship_NameFROM Ships ;(g)SELECT C.classFROM Classes C,Ships SWHERE C.class = S.classGROUP BY C.classHAVING COUNT() = 1 ;better:SELECT S.classFROM Ships SGROUP BY S.classHAVING COUNT() = 1 ;(h)The Set opearator INTERSECT guarantees unique results.SELECT C.countryFROM Classes CWHERE C.type='bb'INTERSECTSELECT C2.countryFROM Classes C2WHERE C2.type='bc' ;However, above query does not account for classes without any ships belonging to them. SELECT C.countryFROM Classes C,Ships SWHERE C.class = S.classAND C.type ='bb'INTERSECTSELECT C2.countryFROM Classes C2,Ships S2WHERE C2.class = S2.classAND C2.type ='bc' ;(i)SELECT O2.ship AS Ship_Name FROM Outcomes O2,Battles B2WHERE O2.battle = AND B2.date > ANY(SELECT B.dateFROM Outcomes O,Battles BWHERE O.battle = AND O.result ='damaged'AND O.ship = O2.ship);6.4.3a)SELECT DISTINCT R.maker FROM Product R,PC PWHERE R.model = P.modelAND P.speed >= 3.0;b)Models are unique.SELECT P1.modelFROM Printer P1LEFT OUTER JOIN Printer P2 ON (P1.price < P2.price) WHERE P2.model IS NULL ;c)SELECT DISTINCT L.model FROM Laptop L,PC PWHERE L.speed < P.speed ;d)Due to set operator UNION, unique results are returned.It is difficult to completely avoid a subquery here. One option is to use Views. CREATE VIEW AllProduct ASSELECT model,priceFROM PCUNIONSELECT model,priceFROM LaptopUNIONSELECT model,priceFROM Printer ;SELECT A1.modelFROM AllProduct A1LEFT OUTER JOIN AllProduct A2ON (A1.price < A2.price)WHERE A2.model IS NULL ;But if we replace the View, the query contains a FROM subquery. SELECT A1.modelFROM(SELECT model,priceFROM PCUNIONSELECT model,priceFROM LaptopUNIONSELECT model,priceFROM Printer) A1LEFT OUTER JOIN(SELECT model,priceFROM PCUNIONSELECT model,priceFROM LaptopUNIONSELECT model,priceFROM Printer) A2ON (A1.price < A2.price) WHERE A2.model IS NULL ;e)SELECT DISTINCT R.makerFROM Product R,Printer TWHERE R.model =T.modelAND T.price <= ALL(SELECT MIN(price)FROM Printer);f)SELECT DISTINCT R1.maker FROM Product R1,PC P1WHERE R1.model=P1.modelAND P1.ram IN(SELECT MIN(ram)FROM PC)AND P1.speed >= ALL(SELECT P1.speedFROM Product R1,PC P1WHERE R1.model=P1.modelAND P1.ram IN(SELECT MIN(ram)FROM PC));6.4.4a)SELECT DISTINCT C1.country FROM Classes C1LEFT OUTER JOIN Classes C2 ON (C1.numGuns < C2.numGuns) WHERE C2.country IS NULL ;。
第六章习题一、选择题：1．关系规范化中的删除操作异常是指①，插入操作异常是指②。
A．不该删除的数据被删除B．不该插入的数据被插入C．应该删除的数据未被删除D．应该插入的数据未被插入答案：①A ②D2．设计性能较优的关系模式称为规范化，规范化主要的理论依据是____。
A．关系规范化理论B．关系运算理论C．关系代数理论D．数理逻辑答案：A3．规范化理论是关系数据库进行逻辑设计的理论依据。
根据这个理论，关系数据库中的关系必须满足：其每一属性都是____。
A．互不相关的B．不可分解的C．长度可变的D．互相关联的答案：B4．关系数据库规范化是为解决关系数据库中____问题而引人的。
A．插入、删除和数据冗余B．提高查询速度C．减少数据操作的复杂性D．保证数据的安全性和完整性答案：A5．规范化过程主要为克服数据库逻辑结构中的插入异常，删除异常以及____的缺陷。
A．数据的不一致性B．结构不合理C．冗余度大D．数据丢失答案：C6．当关系模式R（A，B）已属于3NF，下列说法中____是正确的。
A．它一定消除了插入和删除异常B．仍存在一定的插入和删除异常C．一定属于BCNF D．A和C都是答案：B7．关系模型中的关系模式至少是____。
A．1NF B．2NF C．3NF D．BCNF答案：A8．在关系DB中，任何工元关系模式的最高范式必定是____。
A．1NF B．2NF C．3NF D．BCNF答案：D9．在关系模式R中，若其函数依赖集中所有候选关键宇都是决定因素，则R最高范式是____。
A．2NF B．3NF C．4 NF D．BCNF答案：C10．当B属性函数依赖于A属性时，属性A与B的联系是____。
A．1对多B．多对1 C．多对多D．以上都不是答案：B11．在关系模式中，如果属性A和B存在1对1的联系，则说____。
A．A→B B．B→A C．A↔B D．以上都不是答案：C12．候选码中的属性称为____。
数据库第6章数据库设计客观题及答案一、选择题1、在数据库设计中，用 ER 图来描述信息结构但不涉及信息在计算机中的表示，它属于数据库设计的（）。
A 需求分析阶段B 概念设计阶段C 逻辑设计阶段D 物理设计阶段答案：B解释：概念设计阶段通常使用 ER 图来描述信息结构，主要是对现实世界中的事物及其关系进行抽象和建模，不考虑具体的计算机实现。
2、数据库物理设计完成后，进入数据库实施阶段，下列各项中不属于实施阶段的工作是（）。
A 建立库结构B 扩充功能C 加载数据D 系统调试解释：扩充功能一般不属于数据库实施阶段的工作，实施阶段主要是按照物理设计的结果建立数据库的实际结构、加载数据并进行调试。
3、在数据库设计中，将 ER 图转换成关系数据模型的过程属于（）。
A 需求分析阶段B 概念设计阶段C 逻辑设计阶段D 物理设计阶段答案：C解释：逻辑设计阶段的主要任务就是将概念模型（如 ER 图）转换为具体的关系数据模型。
4、规范化理论是关系数据库进行逻辑设计的理论依据。
根据这个理论，关系数据库中的关系必须满足：其每一属性都是（）。
A 互不相关的B 不可分解的C 长度可变的D 互相关联的解释：规范化理论要求关系数据库中的关系每一属性都是不可分解的，以避免数据冗余和操作异常。
5、从 ER 模型关系向关系模型转换时，一个 M:N 联系转换为关系模式时，该关系模式的关键字是（）。
A M 端实体的关键字B N 端实体的关键字C M 端实体关键字与 N 端实体关键字组合D 重新选取其他属性答案：C解释：在 M:N 的联系中，转换后的关系模式关键字应为两端实体关键字的组合，这样才能唯一标识一个联系。
6、设有关系模式 R（A，B，C，D），其函数依赖集 F ＝｛A→B，B→C，C→D，D→A}，则 R 的候选关键字为（）。
A ABB BCC CDD 不存在答案：D解释：由于该函数依赖集中存在循环依赖，所以不存在候选关键字。
7、关系数据库规范化是为解决关系数据库中（）问题而引入的。
第6章习题解答1．选择题（1）（C）允许用户定义一组操作，这些操作通过对指定的表进行删除、插入和更新命令来执行或触发。
A．存储过程B．视图C．触发器D．索引（2）SQL Server为每个触发器创建了两个临时表，它们是（ B ）。
A．Updated和Deleted B．Inserted和DeletedC．Inserted和Updated D．Seleted和Inserted（3）SQL Server中存储过程由一组预先定义并被（C）的Transact-SQL语句组成。
A．编写B．解释C．编译D．保存（4）下列可以查看表的行数以及表使用的存储空间信息的系统存储过程是（ A ）。
A．sq_spaceused B．sq_depends C．sq_help D．sq_rename （5）以下语句创建的触发器ABC是当对表T进行__D_____操作时触发。
CREATE TRIGGER ABC ON 表T FOR INSERT, UPDATE, DELETEAS……A．只是修改B．只是插入C．只是删除D．修改、插入、删除（6）以下_______不是存储过程的优点。
A．实现模块化编程，能被多个用户共享和重用B．可以加快程序的运行速度C．可以增加网络的流量D．可以提高数据库的安全性（7）以下_______操作不是触发触发器的操作。
A．SELECT B．INSERT C．DELETE D．UPDATE （8）下面关于触发器的描述，错误的是_______。
A．触发器是一种特殊的存储过程，用户可以直接调用B．触发器表和deleted表没有共同记录C．触发器可以用来定义比CHECK约束更复杂的规则D．删除触发器可以使用DROP TRIGGER命令，也可以使用企业管理器（9）关于SQL Server中的存储过程，下列说法中正确的是_______。
A．不能有输入参数B．没有返回值C．可以自动被执行D．可以嵌套使用（10）对于下面的存储过程：CREATE PROCEDURE Mysp1 @p IntASSELECT St_name, Age FROM Students WHERE Age=@p调用这个存储过程查询年龄为20岁的学生的正确方法是_______。
20XX年复习资料复资料专业：_____________班级：_____________科目老师：__________第6章关系数据理论一.选择题1. 对关系模式进行规范化的主要目的是BA. 提高数据操作效率B.维护数据的一致性C.加强数据的安全性D.为用户提供更快捷的数据操作2. 关系模式中的插入异常是指DA. 插入的数据违反了实体完整性约束B. 插入的数据违反了用户定狡的完整性约束C. 插入了不该插入的数据D. 应该被插入的数据不能被插入3. 如果有函数依赖XTY,并且对X的任意真子集X',都有X' 宀Y,则称CA. X完全函数依赖于YB. X部分函数依赖于YC. Y完全函数依赖于XD. Y部分函数依赖于X4. 如果有函数依赖XTY,并且对X的某个真子集X',有X' TY成立，则称BA. Y完全函数依赖于XB. Y部分函数依赖于XC. X完全函数依赖于丫D. X部分函数依赖于Y5. 若XTY和YTZ在关系模式R上成立，则XTZ在R上也成立。
该推理规则称为CA. 自反规则B.增广规则C.传递规则D.伪传递规则6. 若关系模式R中属性A仅出现在函数依赖的左部，则A为AA. L类属性B. R类属性C. N类属性D. LR类属性7. 若关系模式R中属性A是N类属性，则A DA. 一定不包含在R任何候选码中B. 可能包含也可能不包含在R的候选码中C. 一定包含在R的某个候选码中D. 一定包含在R的任何候选码中& 设F是某关系模式的极小函数依赖集。
下列关于F的说法，错误的是BA. F中每个函数依赖的右部都必须是单个属性B. F中每个函数依赖的左部都必须是单个属性C. F中不能有冗余的函数依赖D. F中每个函数依赖的左部不能有冗余属性9.有关系模式：学生(学号，姓名，所在系，系主任)，设一个系只有一个系主任，则该关系模式至少属于BA.第一范式B.第二范式C.第三范式D. BC范式20XXXX.设有关系模式R(X, Y, Z),其F二｛YT乙YTX, X-4YZ),则该关系模式至少属于A. 第一范式 C.第三范式20XXXX.下列关于关系模式与范式的说法，错误的是DA. 任何一个只包含两个属性的关系模式一定属于3NFB. 任何一个只包含两个属性的关系模式一定属于BCNFC. 任何一个只包含两个属性的关系模式一定属于2NFD. 任何一个只包含三个属性的关系模式一定 属于3NF20XXXX.有关系模式：借书(书号，书名，库存量，读者号，借书日期，还书日期)， 设一个读者可以多次借阅同一本书，但对一种书(用书号唯一标识)不能同时借多本。
