2019考研英语拓展阅读：中国恢复联合国合法席位45周年

2021年,最重要的事件是中国共产党成立100周年。

除此之外，2021年也是其他一些事件的“整十”周年纪念，你会表达这些“庆祝”或“纪念”吗？一起学习一下吧！On October 25th, 1971, the 26th session of the United NationsGeneral Assembly adopted the resolution—to restore all the lawful rightsof the People 's Republic of China in the United Nations, which is ahistoric moment. Nowadays, the representatives of China can be seen inalmost every United Nations agency, playing an important role as one ofthe permanent members of the United Nations Security Council.1971年10月25日，第26届联合国大会通过决议，恢复中华人民共和国在联合国的一切合法权利，这是一个具有历史意义的时刻。

今天，在联合国的几乎所有机构里都可以看到中国代表的身影，并发挥着中国作为联合国安全理事会常任理事国之一的作用。

1. The 50th anniversary of the restoration of China’s legitimate seat in the United Nations 中国恢复联合国席位50 周年一、重要事件/最·专题SpotlightOn December 11th, China joined WTO officially. It not only markedthat China 's socialist market economy had been gradually established and improved, but also a true reflection of China 's integration into economic globalization.The Shanghai Cooperation Organization, short for SCO, is apermanent Intergovernmental International Organization announced on June 15th, 2001 in Shanghai by the People’s Republic of China, the Republic of Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Russia Federation, the Republic of Tajikistan, and Republic of Uzbekistan.2001年12月11日,中国正式“入世”。

中国与联合国关系回顾作者：秦谦樊子贤来源：《祖国》2016年第20期摘要：1945年6月26日，时任中国驻英大使顾维钧用毛笔在《联合国宪章》上以中文签下了第一个名字。

在这之后的八个小时里，共有50个国家的153名全权代表在《联合国宪章》上签了字。

中国是联合国的创始国，又因为政治原因在相当长的时间内无法履行其会员国职能，甚至曾与“联合国军”作战，在1971年恢复合法席位后，中国长期以来是联合国的坚定支持者，并通过推进一系列改革，谋求国际新秩序的建立。

在中国恢复联合国合法席位45周年之际，回顾这一段中国与世界上最大的多边国际组织之间的关系，具有特殊的意义。

关键词：旧金山会议联合国多边外交中国席位一、从大西洋到旧金山自第一次世界大战以来，中国政府就在不同层面上多次表达出对设立一个国际组织，并建立集体安全机制这一想法的赞同。

1938年，中国政府就在《抗战建国纲领》中提出：“对于国际和平机构，及保障国际和平之公约，尽力维护，并充实其权威”。

1944年5月，美国政府起草了《普遍国际组织暂定草案》，并拟邀请中、英、苏等国在华盛顿进行会议。

这次会议为联合国成立大会制定《联合国宪章》提供了蓝本。

1945年4月25日，联合国际组织会议在旧金山召开。

以顾维钧为首的中国代表团在各大组委员会和小组委员会中积极表达中国的观点，独立提出了许多建议。

《大公报》发表评论称：“我国在旧金山会议中的态度，与外间忖测的——中国将盲目地拥护美国——恰恰相反，我国对英美苏的意见，同样采取独立的观点。

”由于中国是最早抵抗法西斯侵略的国家，中国代表团在联合国宪章签字仪式上被特准第一个签字。

1945年7月30日，中国政府国防最高委员会会议通过了《联合国宪章》，并送交立法院审议，于不久后获得一致通过。

8月24日，蒋介石在《联合国宪章》的批准书上签字。

10月24日，当美国收到苏联、乌克兰、白俄罗斯的批准书后，批准书总数达到法定数量，联合国正式诞生。

（2015年安徽卷）联合国大会关于“恢复中国在联合国的合法席位”议案表决通过后，美国驻联合国首席代表布什感叹：“任何人都不能回避这样一个事实——虽然这可能是令人不快的，刚刚投票的结果实际上确实代表着大多数联合国会员国的看法。

”由此可见A．西方的“冷战”政策彻底破产B．中美两国关系已经实现了正常化C．大多数联合国会员国反对美国D．国际社会需要中国发挥应有作用【参考答案】D【解题必备】恢复在联合国的合法席位1．背景(1)新中国成立后，由于美国的抵制政策，中国在联合国的合法席位一直被台湾的国民党集团非法占据。

(2)20世纪70年代，中国国际地位日益提高，越来越多的国家，特别是广大发展中国家，要求恢复中国在联合国的合法席位。

2．概况：1971年10月25日，第26届联合国大会通过决议，恢复中华人民共和国在联合国的一切合法权利，包括安理会常任理事国席位。

3．原因（1）根本原因：中国综合国力不断增强，国际地位不断提高。

（2）客观原因：美国霸权地位相对衰落，对联合国的控制作用减弱；大批新独立的亚非拉发展中国家加入联合国，在联合国中的作用大为加强。

（3）直接原因：新中国历来重视发展与第三世界国家的友好关系，中国长期实行的反帝、反殖、反霸政策和对世界被压迫民族和被压迫人民的支持赢得了广大第三世界国家的赞赏。

（4）历史因素：中国既是联合国创始会员国，也是安理会五大常任理事国之一。

【易错提醒】1971年中国在联合国的合法席位是“恢复”而不是“加入”，广大发展中国家的支持是其主要原因，但不是根本原因，根本原因是中国综合国力的增强和国际地位的提高。

如图是历届联大讨论恢复中国在联合国的合法席位时支持中国及追随美国的票数变化示意图。

分析该图可知A．联合国始终致力于建立国际政治新秩序B．中国正式成为多极化格局中的重要力量C．第三世界力量崛起逐渐改变联合国面貌D．中国彻底改变建国初期外交孤立的局面某同学的学习卡片中有一幅图(见下图)，对此图解读最为合理的是中华人民共和国恢复在联合国的合法席位获得支持的票数增长示意图A．它反映了新时期我国外交政策的调整B．它表明美国已放弃“两个中国”的政策C．它体现了发展中国家对新中国的支持D．它说明中国成为多极格局中的重要力量中华人民共和国成立后，由于美国操纵联合国，新中国在联合国的合法席位一直被台湾蒋介石集团占据。

Passage One (Clinton Is Right)President Clinton‘s decision on Apr.8 to send Chinese Premier Zhu Rongji packing without an agreement on China‘s entry into the World Trade Organization seemed to be a massive miscalculation. The President took a drubbing from much of the press, which had breathlessly reported that a deal was in the bag. The Cabinet and Whit House still appeared divided, and business leaders were characterized as furious over the lost opportunity. Zhu charged that Clinton lacked ―the courage‖ to reach an accord. And when Clinton later telephoned the angry Zhu to pledge a renewed effort at negotiations, the gesture was widely portrayed as a flip-flop.In fact, Clinton made the right decision in holding out for a better WTO deal. A lot more horse trading is needed before a final agreement can be reached. And without the Administration‘s goal of a ―bullet-proof agreement‖ that business lobbyists can enthusiastically sell to a Republican Congress, the whole process will end up in partisan acrimony that could harm relations with China for years.THE HARD PART. Many business lobbyists, while disappointed that the deal was not closed, agree that better terms can still be had. And Treasury Secretary Robert E. Rubin, National Economic Council Director Gene B. Sperling, Commerce Secretary William M. Daley, and top trade negotiator Charlene Barshefsky all advised Clinton that while the Chinese had made a remarkable number of concessions, ―we‘re not there yet,‖ according to senior officials. Negotiating with Zhu over the remaining issues may be the easy part. Although Clinton can signal U.S. approval for China‘s entry into the WTO himself, he needs Congress to grant Beijing permanent most-favored-nation status as part of a broad trade accord. And the temptation for meddling on Capital Hill may prove over-whelming. Zhu had barely landed before Senate Majority Leader Trent Lott (R-Miss) declared himself skeptical that China deserved entry into the WTO. And Senators Jesse A. Helms (R-N.C.) and Emest F. Hollings (D-S. C.) promised to introduce a bill requiring congressional approval of any deal.The hidden message from these three textile-state Southerners: Get more protection for the U. S. clothing industry. Hoping to smooth the way, the Administration tried, but failed, to budge Zhu on textiles. Also left in the lurch: Wall Street, Hollywood, and Detroit. Zhu refused to open up much of the lucrative Chinese securities market and insisted on ―cultural‖ restrictions on American movies and music. He also blocked efforts to allow U. S. auto makers to provide fleet financing. BIG JOB. Already, business lobbyists are blanketing Capitol Hill to presale any eventual agreement, but what they‘ve heard so far isn‘t encouraging. Republicans, including Lott, say that ―the time just isn‘t right‖ for the deal. Translation: We‘re determined to make it look as if Clinton has capitulated to the Chinese and is ignoring human, religious, and labor rights violations; the theft of nuclear-weapons technology; and the sale of missile parts to America‘s enemies. Beijing‘s fierce critics within the Democratic Party, such as Senator Paul D. Wellstone of Minnesota and House Minority leader Richard A. Gephardt of Missouri, won‘t help, either.Just how tough the lobbying job on Capitol Hill will be become clear on Apr. 20, when Rubin lectured 19chief executives on the need to discipline their Republican allies. With business and the White House still trading charges over who is responsible for the defeat of fast-track trade negotiating legislation in 1997, working together won‘t be easy. And Republicans—with a wink—say that they‘ll eventually embrace China‘s entry into the WTO as a favor to Corporate America. Though not long before they torture Clinton. But Zhu is out on a limb, and if Congress overdoes the criticism, he may be forced by domestic critics to renege. Business must make thismuch dear to both its GOP allies and the Whit House: This historic deal is too important to risk losing to any more partisan squabbling1. The main idea of this passage is[A]. The Contradiction between the Democratic Party and the Republican Party.[B]. On China‘s entry into WTO.[C]. Clinton was right.[D]. Business Lobbyists Control Capitol Hill.2. What does the sentence ―Also left in the lurch: Wall Street, Hollywood, Detroit‖ convey?[A]. Premier Zhu rejected their requirements.[B]. The three places overdid criticism.[C]. They wanted more protection.[D]. They are in trouble.3. What was the attitude of the Republican Party toward China‘s entry into the WTO?[A]. Contradictory. [B].Appreciative.[C]. Disapproving. [D]. Detestful.4. Who plays the leading part in the deal in America?[A]. White House . [B]. Republicans.[C]. The Democratic Party. [D]. Businessmen.5. It can be inferred from the passage that[A]. America will make concessions.[B]. America will hold out for a better WTO[C]. Clinton has the right to signal U. S. approval for China‘s entry.[D]. Democratic party approve China‘s entry into the WTO.答案祥解1. C. 总统是对的。

2019年考研英语拓展阅读：委内瑞拉拖欠中国200多亿美金China’s provision of development finance to the emerging world has always been about much more than building infrastructure to reap a commercial return. It has also been about changing destinies. Beijing selected countries that it aimed to lift from poverty, while forging political alliances and creating markets for Chinese goods.中国为新兴世界提供发展融资一直以来都不但仅为了通过建设基础设施获取商业回报。

它还关乎改变一些国家的命运。

中国精心选择一些国家，希望协助他们摆脱贫困，同时与他们建立政治联盟，并为中国商品打开市场。

The defining characteristic of China’s power projection is its ability to get things done.中国力量投射出的鲜明特征是其把事情做成的水平。

Thus, a mounting economic crisis in Venezuela comes as a big blow. Caracas is the biggest client of China’s state-orchestrated development lending, accepting some $65bn in loans since 2007 for projects such as oil refineries, gold mines and railways. But in May this year, Venezuela engineered a default under which it has deferred paying the principal — and only honours the interest — on outstanding debts estimated at $20bn-$24bn.所以，委内瑞拉愈演愈烈的经济危机对中国是一个沉重打击。

（13）国际组织一、选择题：本题共16小题，每小题3分，共48分。

在每小题给出的四个选项中，只有一项是符合题目要求的。

1.据国际协会联盟统计,1900年全球各类国际组织只有213个,到1956年其总数增加到1117个,1990年猛增到26656个,81年间增加了124倍。

2020年,各种类型的国际组织总数已超过73000个,遍布世界200多个国家和地区,且还在以每年新增1200个以上的速度迅猛增加。

国际组织总数的迅猛增加( )①反映出世界各国相互联系和相互依存程度日益加深②将深刻左右全球政治经济的运行和走向③为推进国际关系的民主化进程提供了可能④使其成为全球治理和多边合作的主要平台A.①③B.①④C.②③D.②④2.2021年8月19日,亚太经合组织粮食安全部长级会议以视频方式召开。

与会成员以构建可持续、恢复力强的粮食系统为目标,制订了包括数字化创新、生产性、可持续性等内容在内的《2030年粮食安全路线图》,并就开展成员国之间农业安全合作课题等进行了探讨。

这说明国际组织( )①通过多层次的机构开展活动②由多个国家的政府组成③代表各成员的共同利益④独立运作并自主开展活动A.①②B.①④C.②③D.③④3.围绕东京奥运会及残奥会问题,日本首相安倍晋三与国际奥委会主席巴赫2020年3月24日进行电话会谈。

据日本放送协会消息,双方在电话会谈中,提及考虑到参赛选手的准备时间等问题,确定了东京奥运会、残奥会延期1年左右的提案方针,将于2021年7月23日正式开幕,已售出奥运门票。

对国际奥委会的认识正确的是( )①国际奥委会是世界性、专门性国际组织②只有主权国家才能参与奥委会活动③按职能范围,国际奥委会属于政府间国际组织④国际奥委会通过举办奥运会等方式,可以促进各成员之间体育领域的交流、协调与合作,促进世界和平与发展A.①③B.①④C.②④D.③④4.意大利中部翁布里亚地区曾发生6.2级地震,造成重大人员伤亡。