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语法：it的用法一.it 作人称代词1.it的最基本用法是作代词，指代前面所提到过的事情、事物、群体、想法，也可以指代未指明但谈话双方都明白的事情或情况。
如：The Parkers bought a new house but it will need a lot of work before they can move in.---I have broken a plate.---It (Breaking the plate) doesn’t matter.2.it也可以指代性别不明或性别被认为不重要的人或动物。
如：---Is it your dog？---No, it isn’t.二.it 作非人称代词1.指时间It is half past two now.2.指距离It is 6 miles to the nearest hospital.3.指温度It is very cold in the room.4.指天气A lovely day, isn’t it?/ It is a bit windy.5.指日期---What’s the date today? --- It’s May 1st, 2014.6.指季节It is winter now.7.指环境It was very quiet in the café.8.指价值---What’s the price of the T-shirt？---It is 150 yuan.三.it作形式主语1.it替代作主语的动词不定式（to do）(1) It be + adj. + (for sb.) to do sth.此处adj.通常为描述事件的形容词：easy, difficult, hard, necessary, possible, right, important, polite, clear, obvious, useful, dangerous, legal, illegal等。
“It” 的用法1.“it”作代词。
“it”可替代物、动物、抽象事物，还可以代天气、时间、距离、环境、温度等。
也可指代上下文提到的事物或某种情况，以及不明身份、性别的人和小婴儿，也可用于电话用语中替代this或that。
E.g. ① It's fine today.(weather)② It's hot today. (temperature)③ It's four o'clock now. (time)④ It's only 200 metres from my home to our school.(distance)⑤ It's noisy outside.(circumstance)⑥ --Who is knocking at the door?--It must be John.(an unknown person)⑦ --Who is it speaking?--It's Mary.(making a phone call)2.“it”作形式主语。
（1）It be +adj. +(for sb.)+ to do sth.此处的adj.为描述事物的形容词。
如：easy, hard, difficult, necessary, possible, impossible, likely, right, wrong, important, etc.E.g. ① It's easy for us to climb the hill.② It's difficult for me to work out the maths problem.(2) It be +adj.+(of sb.)+to do sth.此处的adj.为描述人的形容词。
如：kind, nice, rude, cruel, careful, careless, silly, foolish, stupid, wise, crazy, etc.E.g. ① It's kind of you to help me with this problem.② It's foolish of you to believe in such a person.③ It's wise of you to choose to study abroad.(3). It be + adj.+ doing sth.It's no good/use doing sth.It's (well) worth doing.E.g. ① It's no good arguing with him.② It's no use crying over spilt milk.③ It's no good drinking too much wine.(4) It be +adj./n. +Clause.It's a pity that…It's a fact that…(It's) no wonder that…It's obvious that…It's certain that…It's strange/important/necessary that…(要用虚拟语气）(用should+动词原形)It worries/surprises sb. that…It seems/appears that…It turned out that…It (suddenly) occurred to sb. that…It strikes/struck sb. that…It's said/reported/believed… that…It doesn't matter whether…It makes no di fference whether…(5)其它句型。
it作形主的用法“It作形主的用法”是指使用it做形式主语，即在句子中无实际含义的主语，通常是一些动词、表语或状语从句。
it这个词有多种用法，因此它可以用来代替不同的句子成分。
在英语中，it作形主语最常用于三种情况：1、it作形式主语：在英语中，it常常被用作形式主语，以强调句子的其余部分。
例如：It is said that he is a very good student.It is believed that the earth is round.2、it作形式宾语：it也可以用作形式宾语，用来代替一个真正的宾语，强调句子的其余部分。
例如：She made it clear that she wouldn't go.He proved it wrong that he was not guilty.3、it作形式状语从句：it也可以用作形式状语从句，用来代替一个真正的状语从句，强调句子的其余部分。
例如：He said it as if he had known everything.He did it as though he had done it many times before.此外，it还有一种特殊的用法，即在句中作为虚拟语气的主语。
这种情况下，it用来引出一个虚拟条件句，带有一种意思是“如果……”。
例如：If it rains, we will stay at home.It would be nice if you could come to my party.以上就是“it作形主的用法”的详细说明。
从上文可以看出，it作形式主语、形式宾语和形式状语从句，并在句中作为虚拟语气的主语，是一种常见的用法。
只要我们能够正确地理解它的用法，就能够在日常的学习和交流中正确使用它。
It的句型及用法1）It XXX…据说/据报道/据信…2）It XXX…看起来好像…3）It XXX…重要/必要/可能…4）It is time to…是时候…5）It is up to…由…决定。
9.It还可以作为强调句型中的主语，强调句子中的某一成分。
It was John who won the prize。
not Mary.获奖的是XXX，不是XXX。
改写：1.当代替事物时，it与one需区分。
That vase is valuable。
It's more than 200 years old.That XXX。
The vase is more than 200 years old.XXX’XXX him that he should work harder。
XXX’t help.XXX’XXX him that he should work harder。
but her advice didn't help.2.it可代替指示代词this。
that。
1)--- What's this?---It's a pen.—这是什么？—是一支钢笔。
What's this?---This is a pen.2）--- XXX?---It's Mike's.—那是谁的书？—是XXX的。
XXX?---That book belongs to Mike.3.指示代词it，常用以指人。
1）Go and XXX.去看看是谁。
Go and see who is there.2）--- Who is making such a noise?—是谁发出这样的吵闹声？It must be the children.—一定是孩子们。
Who is making such a noise?—Is it the children。
---Yes。
it must be them.4.当说话者不清楚或无必要知道说话对象的性别时，也可用it来表示。
It的用法一、Tell the functions for “it" in each sentence:1、—--What's the weather together？—-—It is fine。
2. It is hard to communicate with him。
3。
I find it hard to communicate with him。
4。
It is Li that who cleaned the classroom。
5。
It is a book。
二、It 用法归纳1,指代it（1）.用作人称代词：指代物、整个句子(2）用作非人称代词2，形式it:（1)作形式主语（2)作形式宾语3，强调it4，特殊句型5。
在答语中指代this/that：1）.—-—Whose book is that? ——-It’s mine.三、特别注意：it, one和that作替代词的用法及区别1。
it代替前面提到的同一事物,该事物既可以是可数名词也可以是不可数名词。
(特指，指代单数，指代物,同名同物）Can I borrow your pen?-Sorry，I'm using it。
2。
one代替前面提到的同类事物中的一个。
该事物只能是可数名词，前面可以有冠词，也可以被this、that或形容词修饰,其后也可以有定语. (泛指，指代可数名词，指代人或物,同名异物）I have a bike。
Do you have one?Eg：（1）.I bought a dictionary three years ago and I am still using______ now。
(2) I bought a dictionary three years ago but I am going to buy a new _______soon. （3)。
that代替前面提到的同类事物中特指的一个。
虚拟语气讲义I、虚拟语气在条件句中的应用（1）与现在事实相反I would certainly go if I had the time. (The fact is that I have no time.)If he were here, everything would be all right. (He is not here in fact.) （2）与过去事实相反If I had left a little earlier, I would have caught the train.I would have made a bad mistake if I hadn‟t taken your advice.（3）与将来事实相反If I were to do it, I would do it in a different way. (I will not do it.We wouldn‟t lose courage even if we should fail again.3.特殊结构的虚拟条件句（1）If it were not for…If it had not been for…but for…相当于without例如：If it were not for your help, I could never go to college.But for the captain, the ship would have sunk with all the passengers on board.If it had not been for the PLA men, his hometown might have been destroyed by the big flood.（2）假设的情况通过上下文表示出来I was ill that day. Otherwise I would have taken part in the procession.I would have called on you during my stay in Hongkong, but I didn‟t know your address.You were not on the plane, or you would have been killed.Without electricity, there would be no modern industry.（3）如果条件句中有动词were, had, 或should，可省略if, 把这些动词放在主语前面Had they time, they would certainly come and help us. (= If they had time, they ….)Should I be free tomorrow, I would come to attend your meeting. (= If I should be free, I ….)Were I in your position, I wouldn‟t let him go there.（4）错综条件句、混合条件句在有些虚拟条件句中，虚拟的主句动作与从句动作并不在同一时间发生，这种从句与主句动作发生时间不一致的虚拟条件句称为错综时间条件句或叫混合条件句。
（完整版）It的用法总结It的用法总结在英语中,it有许多不同的用法,它既可以用作代词(如人称代词、非人称代词)，也可以用作引导词（作形式主语或形式宾语），还可以用来构成强调句型。
.it用作代词(1) 用作人称代词在句子中作主语或宾语；指前面已经提到过的事物、动物或人，且it指特定的事物；如果指前文中提到的事物中的任何一个，用one。
one可以与any, each, every, not等连用，但one 不可代替不可数名词。
—where’s your car?—it’s in the garage. 你的汽车在哪儿呢？在车库里。
(指代物品your car)did you hit it? 你打中了吗？ (指代事件)the baby cried when it was hungry.这婴儿饿时就哭。
（指代婴儿，尤指性别不详或无所谓时）—who is that?—it’s me. 是谁？我。
(指一定情景中所确定的人或事物，此时相当于指示代词，代指this和that,有时也指人)—what’s this?—it’s a box. 这是什么？一只箱子。
(2) 作非人称代词表示天气、日期、时间、温度、距离、价值、路程、度量、自然现象与环境等。
也可模糊地指一般情形或上文的部分或整个意思。
译成汉语时，it通常不一定译出来。
it’s a long time since they left. 他们走后很久了。
it’s two miles to the beach.离海滨有两英里远。
that’s just it—i can’t work when you’re making so much noise.原因就在这里——你弄出这么大的声音，我工作不了。
另外，需要注意两点：（1）“it’s time…”后面可以接不定式和介词短语表示“是做……的时候了”。
如：it’s time for supper. it’s time to have supper.(2) “it’s time…”后面还可以接一个从句，但是从句中的谓语动词一定要用过去式即虚拟语气，如：it’s time we had lunch.是我们吃饭的时候了。
it/one/that的用法和区别I. it／one ／that三者均可用作代词, 指代前面提到的名词。
一般说来, it指代同名同物; one与that则指代同名异物。
I have lost my umbrella; I'm looking for it. （该句中it就是指前面的my umbrella）I have lost my umbrella; I think I must buy one. （one在该句中表泛指, 因为my umbrella已经丢了）The umbrella you bought is cheaper than that I bought. （替代词that 在该句中特指“the umbrella I bought”, 以区别“the umbrella you bought”）II. one与that虽可用来指代同名异物, 但one为泛指, 相当于a／an＋名词; that为特指, 相当于the ＋名词。
所以one所指代的名词的修饰语一般为 a ／an ／some ／any; that所指代的名词的修饰语往往是the ／this ／that。
A chair made of steel is stronger than one made of wood. （该句中one可以换成a chair）The water in the cup is hotter than that in the pot. （该句中that 可以换成 the water）III. one只能代替可数名词单数, 代替可数名词复数时用ones; that既可以代替不可数名词也可以代替可数名词单数, 代替可数名词复数时用 those。
I like this pen more than that one. （one代替可数名词单数pen）There were a few young people and some older ones in the house. （ones 代替可数名词复数people）Mary's handwriting is far better than that of Peter. （that代替不可数名词 handwriting）These pictures are more beautiful than those. （those代替可数名词复数 pictures）IV. one既可代替事物, 也可代替人, that只能代替事物而不能代替人。
it的用法it可用作人称代词、指示代词、先行词及引导词等。
1．人称代词it，是第三人称单数中性，代表前文已提到过的一件事物。
如：1）That vase is valuable. It’s more than 200 years old.2）I love swimming. It keeps me fit.当说话者不清楚或无必要知道说话对象的性别时，也可用it来表示。
如：3）It’s a lovely baby. Is it a boy or a girl?it可用来指代团体。
如：4）The committee has met and it has rejected the proposal. it用以代替指示代词this, that.如：5）--- What’s this? --- It’s a pen.6）--- Whose book is that? --- It’s Mike’s.2．指示代词it，常用以指人。
如：7）Go and see who it is.8）--- Who is making such a noise? --- It must be the children.3．虚义it无指代性，常用作没有具体意义的主语，出现于表示天气、气候、温度、时间、地点、距离等意义的句子中。
如：9）It is half past three now.10）It is six miles to the nearest hospital from here.11）It was very cold; it snowed and grew dark.it也常用来表示一般的笼统的情况。
如：12）It’s awful—I’ve got so much work I don’t know where to start. 13）How is it going with you?14）Take it easy.it也常用于下列结构：15）It looks as if the college is very small.16）It seems as though our plan will be perfect.17）It’s my turn.it也常用于某些习惯用语中作宾语，各该习惯用语有具体意义，但it并无具体意义。
如：cab it 乘车catch it 受责，受罚come it 尽自己分内come it strong 做得过分walk it 步行make it 办成take it out of somebody 拿某人出气4．先行词it.it充当形式主语或形式宾语，本身无意义，只起一种先行引导的作用，先行词不重读。
后面的真正主语或真正宾语通常是不定式结构、-ing分词结构或名词性从句。
（1）用作形式主语18）It is difficult to translate this article.19）It is getting harder every day for a lazy man to get a living. 懒汉谋生是日益困难了。
20）What time would it be most convenient for me to call again? 21）It is no use going there so early.22）It has been a great honour your coming to visit me. 23）It is strange that he did not come at all.24）It doesn’t matter what you do.在上述诸例中，后置的真正主语可以取代先行it的位置，而出现于句首。
To translate this article is difficult.Going there so early is no use.That he did not come at all is strange.上述结构远不如用先行it结构普通。
此外，也并非所有先行it结构都可作上述转换。
如：25）It seems that John is not coming after all.26）It happened that John was the only witness.上述两例只能转换为：John doesn’t s eem to be coming after all.John happened to be the only witness.（2）用作形式宾语27）I found it difficult to explain to him what happened. 28）He thought it no use going over the subject again. 29）They kept it quiet that he was dead.30）We must make it clear to the public that something should be done to stop pollution.5．分裂句引导词it.分裂句是以it为引导词的强调句型。
它的结构形式是：It+be的一定形式+中心成分+that-/who-从句。
如：31）It was Jane that/who called this morning.32）It was a parcel that she brought him.分裂句是由普通陈述句转换而来的。
通过这种结构可以强调除谓语动词以外的大多数句子成分。
如：33）John gave Mary a handbag at Christmas.根据上下文和语义意图，说话人可以通过分裂句分别强调主语、间接宾语、直接宾语、状语，使之成为信息中心。
34）It was John that/who gave Mary a handbag at Christmas. 35）It was Mary that John gave a handbag (to) at Christmas.36）It was a handbag that John gave Mary at Christmas. 37）It was at Christmas that John gave Mary a handbag. 分裂句的时态一般应一致，即主句与从句的时态应皆用现在时，或皆用过去时，或皆用将来时。
如：38）It is not I who am angry.39）It was my two sisters who knew her best.40）It will not be you who will have to take the blame for this.有时分裂句的谓语动词还可以采取复杂形式。
如：41）It may have been at Christmas that John gave Mary a handbag. 42）It might have been John who gave Mary a handbag. 分裂句可以强调多种多样的状语成分。
如：43）It was when she was about to go to bed that the telephone rang. 44）It was because I wanted to buy a dictionary that I went to town yesterday. 45）It was not until his father came back that Tom went to bed yesterday.主语补语通常不可以用作分裂句的中心成分，如在规范英语中通常不说：It is beautiful that she is.It is chairman of the Committee that he is.但是宾语补语是可以这样用的。
如：46）It is the chairman of the committee that they elected him.47）It is green that they have painted the wall.注：（1）当强调的中心成分为主语，指人时可用连词that或who，如上述例（31）、（34）、（38），强调其余的成分时，连词一律用that。
（2）分裂句中的that与who在非正式文体中可以省略，如：48）It was the President himself spoke to me.49）It was the dog I gave the water to. 我是给那条狗水的。
（省去从句的宾语that）50）It was yesterday I first noticed it. 我是昨天开始注意到的。
（省去从句连词that）有时还可省去句首的it is，如：51）A good, honest trade you are learning, Sir Peter! 彼得爵士，你学得是一种很好而诚实的一行啊！（3）分裂句中的被强调部分有时可放在句首，如：52）Now was it that his life was done, and the fate which he could not escape was upon him. 53）When was it that he arrived at the village?54）Why was it that he was late for school?1．分裂句引导词it与先行词it的区别：比较：55）It is surprising that Mary should have won the first place. 56）It is Mary that has won the first place. （分裂句引导词it）2．虚义it与分裂句引导词it的区别。
比较：57）It was three o’clock in the morning when his father came back.（虚义it指时间）58）It was at three o’clock in the morning that his father came back. （分裂句引导词it）3．分裂句中that/who- 从句与that/who引导的定语从句之区别。
比较：59）It is money that is most needed.（分裂句中的that-从句）60）This is the money that is most needed.（that引导定语从句）61）It is Mary who has broken the glass.. （分裂句中的who-从句）62）Mary is the girl who has won the first place.（who引导定语从句）区别方法：如将句型It is/was…that结构去掉，而句子能还原成普通陈述句，则该句是分裂句，否则不是。
