第五讲 名词性从句的翻译
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麻烦是我把他的地址丢了。
The trouble is that I have lost his address.今日中国不再是过去的中国了。
China is no longer what she used to be.那正是他对我生气的原因。
That’s why he got angry with me.他好像累了。
He looks as if he’s tired.问题是他能否单独做这件事。
The question is whether he is able to do it alone.问题是怎样执行这个计划。
The question is how we should carry out the plan.天好像要下雪似的。
It looks as if it is going to snow.看起来他好像知道答案。
He looks as if he knows the answer.问题是父母们太关注孩子的分数而忽略了他德智体的发展。
The problem is parents focus more on their kids’ grades and ignore the development in wisdom, emotion and health.学生们没有时间去做课外活动的原因是他们的学习负担太重。
The reason why students have no time for outdoor activities is that they burden heavy work of studying.问题是这本书是否有读的价值。
The question is whether the book is worth reading.他问老师如何才能找到他的勇气。
He asked teacher how he could find his courage.告诉我你最喜欢哪一个。
Tell me which one you like best.他说他父亲已经去北京了。
,名词性从句主语从句I. that1、很清楚他是昨天来的。
2、他可能会在明天来。
3、他肯定会喜欢这本书。
4、我们不能和你一起去是件憾事。
5、据说Tom去了法国。
6、据报道这本新书即将出版。
7、你好象不喜欢我。
8、我们明天离开是真的吗?9、恐怕我不会答应你任何事情。
II.Wh-1、他说的话是真的。
2、他为什么离开还不知道。
3、我们什么时间参观长城要看天气。
4、他是否来还没有定。
5、谁去做这项工作还不清楚。
6、我们所需要的是时间。
7、哪个队会赢还不知道。
8、他是怎么做的仍是个问题。
表语从句I.that1、事实是他没有注意到那辆车。
2、我的信念是情况会好转。
3、他的建议是我们应该明天出发。
4、你的毛病是粗心。
5、最使我惊讶的是他英语说的那么好。
6、我所能告诉你的是他出去了。
7、麻烦是他病了。
8、事实是我不知如何开始。
II.Wh-1、他们正是我想要得。
2、问题是它是否值得一做。
3、问提是我们该作些什么来帮助他。
4、问题是谁留下。
5、那就是他出生的地方。
6、我们就是这样分手的。
7、我是你正在找的那个人。
8、这就是我去那的原因同位语从句I.that1、我听到了我们队获胜的消息。
2、他在会上什么都没说的事实使我们惊讶。
3、他打算来的消息使我们高兴。
4、他已经下定学好英语的决心。
5、他当选的消息不是真的。
II.Wh-1、我不知道他什么时候来。
2、你不知道我多么着急。
3、很难回答你提出的我是如何做的问题。
4、我提出的如何邀请他的问题已经得到了解决。
5、你为什么对音乐感兴趣的问题还没回答。
宾语从句I. That clause1,我认为他们学习很努力。
2,他说他将在11日动身。
3,他告诉我医生马上就来。
4,他说他妈妈在读书。
5,他说他的爸爸生于1948年。
6,我恐怕犯了一个错误。
7,我们有把握成功。
8,对不起我错拿了你的钢笔。
II.Whether/ if1,我想知道他明天是否来。
2,我想知道你是否愿意和我一起去看足球赛。
第五讲名词性从句的翻译英语名词性从句包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句等,分别在复合句中充当主语、宾语、表语、和同位语。
(一)主语从句的译法I.“that + 从句的主语+ 从句的谓语+ 主句的谓语”、“It is + 形容词+ 从句”句型1.That the living conditions are improving is evident./ It is evident that the living conditions areimproving.生活条件在改善,这是很明显的。
/ 很明显,生活条件在改善。
2.It is important that the hotel receptionist make sure that guests are registered correctly.前台服务员应该确保每一位客人都登记无误,这点很重要。
/重要的是,前台服务员应该确保每一位客人都登记无误。
3.It’s probable that we will be a little late.我们很可能要迟到一会儿。
4.It was really astonishing that she refused to talk to her parents.令人吃惊的是,她竟然拒绝和父母谈话。
(常用于“It is + 形容词+ that 从句”结构的形容词有“clear, important, possible, strange, necessary, essential”等。
翻译时,先将that 后的主语从句翻译出来,然后加上“(这是)很+ 形容词”的结构。
但有时将形容词转换成副词短语,会使译文更符合汉语的表达习惯。
II.” It is + 名词+ that从句”句型: 翻译这类结构时,通常也会涉及“词类转换”和“语序调整”等翻译技巧。
常用于此结构的名词词组有“a fact, a pleasure, a pity, a pleasant thing, one’s duty, an hour, a shame, no easy job, good news, a waste of time”等例:1.That the climate around the world is changing is an accepted fact./ It is an accepted fac t that the climate around the world is changing.世界各地的气候都在变化,这是人所共知的事实。
第五讲名词性从句的翻译英语名词性从句包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句等,分别在复合句中充当主语、宾语、表语、和同位语。
(1)主语从句的译法I.“that + 从句的主语+ 从句的谓语 + 主句的谓语”、“It is + 形容词+ 从句”句型1. That the living conditions are improving is evident./ It is evident thatthe living conditions are improving.生活条件在改善,这是很明显的。
/ 很明显,生活条件在改善。
2. It is important that the hotel receptionist make sure that guests areregistered correctly.前台服务员应该确保每一位客人都登记无误,这点很重要。
/重要的是,前台服务员应该确保每一位客人都登记无误。
3. It’s probable that we will be a little late.我们很可能要迟到一会儿。
4. It was really astonishing that she refused to talk to her parents.令人吃惊的是,她竟然拒绝和父母谈话。
(常用于“ It is + 形容词+ that 从句”结构的形容词有“clear, important, possible, strange, necessary, essential”等。
翻译时,先将that 后的主语从句翻译出来,然后加上“(这是)很+ 形容词”的结构。
但有时将形容词转换成副词短语,会使译文更符合汉语的表达习惯。
II.” It is + 名词+ that从句”句型: 翻译这类结构时,通常也会涉及“词类转换”和“语序调整”等翻译技巧。
常用于此结构的名词词组有“a fact, a pleasure, a pity, a pleasant thing, one’s duty, an hour, a shame, no easy job, good news, a waste of time”等例:1.That the climate around the world is changing is an accepted fact./ It is an accepted fact that the climate around the world is changing.世界各地的气候都在变化,这是人所共知的事实。
2.It is a pity that you missed such a fine talk.真遗憾,这么好的报告你没有听到。
3.It is sheer waste of time that we read such kind of trash.阅读这样的垃圾图书简直就是浪费时间。
III. “ It + 被动语态+ that从句“句型:这种句型常译成汉语的主动句,并增加泛指性的主语“大家、我们、人们”等。
通常这种结构的译法是保留原文句子结构的前后顺序,先译主句。
再译从句,即将主语从句译成句子的宾语。
例:1. It is generally regarded that stress should be put on the prevention ofdisease.人们普遍认为,疾病应当以预防为主。
2. It was well known that Napoleon always asked the same questions,and usually in the same order. 大家都知道,拿破仑总是问那同样的三个问题,而且通常是按照同样的顺序来问的。
IV.. “ It + 谓语+ that从句”句型:通常按原文句子结构的顺序翻译,形式主语It不译出来。
例:1.It seems that she is going to buy a car on installment.她好像要用分期付款的方式购买汽车。
2.It goes without saying that plants cannot grow without sunlight.不言而喻,没有阳光,植物就不能生长。
V. 有其他连词引导的主语从句:翻译时,主语从句在译文中通常还是作主语。
(who, whom, whose, whoever, what, whatever, whether, which, whichever, where, wherever, etc.)例:1.Whoever breaks the rule should be punished.(无论谁违反了这条规定都要受到处罚)2.What he said made me very happy.(他所说的话令我十分开心)3.Whether he attends the meeting or not doesn’t make much difference.(他参不参加会议都没有多大关系)(2)宾语从句/表语从句的译法:通常按照英语句子的语序翻译即可,但有时也需要对原文语序进行调整。
例(宾语从句):1.They proposed that we take certain precautions.(他们建议我们采取一定的预防措施)2.Let’s see how we can raise our efficiency.(咱们看看怎样才能提高效率)3.I know nothing about it except what you told me.(除了你告诉的情况以外,我对此事一无所知)。
例(表语从句):1.The question is whether he has signed the contract.(问题是他是否已经在合同上签了字)2.The trouble is that they are short of money.(麻烦的是他们没钱)3.What I want to know is how you managed to finish the task in such a short time.(我先知道的是,你是如何在这么短的时间内完成这项任务的。
)(3)同位语从句的译法:同位语从句是用来说明其前面名词的具体内容的,通常由that引导,有时也可由what, why, where等词引导。
常见的这类名词有:advice, belief, condition, doubt,fact, hope, idea, indication, information, news, order, possibility,problem, promise, proposal, question, sign, suggestion, thought,truth, etc..I. 将同位语从句翻译成宾语:例:1.There are signs that restaurants are becoming more and more popular with families.(有迹象表明餐馆越来越受到家庭的青睐)2.There are clear indications that the war will soon be over.(有明显的迹象表明战争即将结束)3.We express the hope that they would come and visit China again.(我们希望他们再次梵文中国)。
4.Later, I asked the Whites why they never talked about the fact that Amy was driving and had a stop sign.(后来,我问怀特夫妇为什么他们从来不说当时是艾米在开车而且闯了停车标志)II. 将同位语从句翻译成定语。
例:1.The old professor gave us some advice how we should use the software.(老教授给我们提出了一些如何使用这个软件的建议)2.The possibility that the majority of labor force will work at home is often discussed.(人们经常讨论大多数劳动者将会在家里工作的可能性)III. 将同位语从句翻译成同位语。
例:1.The scientists made an exciting discovery that this waste material could be turned into plastics.(科学家获得令人振奋的发现,即可以把这种废料制成塑料)2.The answer lies in the fact that the girl practices the piano every evening.(答案在于这样的事实,即这个女该每天晚上都练习钢琴)练习题:1.It is strange that he should have failed see his own shortcomings.2.It’s not your fault that this has happened.3.It is estimated that the villa is worth US$ 20,000,000.4.It occurred to him that he had forgotten to lock the door.5.Whatever you say will never change my mind.6.We must find out who did all this.7.This is where we spent our summer holidays.8.I have no idea when she will be back.9.We must face the fact that we might lose our deposit.。