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东盟经贸概况复习范围Chapter 1 General Introduction to Southeast Asia(1) In Southeast Asia, the largest, also the most populous country isIndonesia.(2) The country with the smallest area in Southeast Asia is Singapore. (4) The Mekong River is not only the biggest river in Southeast Asia butalso one of the most important international rivers in the world. (5) Vietnam and Laos adopted the people’s congress system andcommunist leadership.(6) The world’s three major barns are Siam, Yangon and Saigon.(7) Indonesia is the largest petroleum producing country in SoutheastAsia and the largest natural gas export country.(8) Laos is the only country without coastline in Southeast Asia.(9) Brunei, with the most petroleum and natural gas per capita, has beenanother rich nation in Southeast Asia.(10) Myanmar, Laos, Thailand and Cambodia, the four countries inSoutheast Asia believe in Buddhism.其中(1)(2)(8)(9)为填空题，(5)(6)(10)为选择题，(4)(7)为判断题。
Chapter 1 The PopulationI 2 populous 3 race 4 origin 5 geographical distPrelisteningB 1 census ribution6 made up of7 comprises8 relatively progressively9 Metropolitan densely 10 decreased death rate11 birth rate increasing 12 life expectancyD 1 a 18.5 mill b 80% c 1/2 d 13.4 mill e 2: 10f 4%g 1990h 40%i 3/4j 33.1%2 a3 b 1 c 2 d 5 e 4II First ListeningST1 population by race and originST2 geographical distributionST3 age and sexIII PostlisteningA 1. People’s Republic of China, India2. 281 mill3. Hispanics(12.5%)4. Texas5. the South and the West6. 20%7. by more than 5 million8. about 6 years9. 2.2 years10. a decreasing birth rate and an increasing life expectancyChapter 2: Immigration: Past and Present PRELISTENINGB. Vocabulary and Key Conceptsimmigratednatural disasters/ droughts/ faminespersecutionsettlers/ colonistsstageswidespread unemploymentscarcityexpanding/ citizensfailuredecreaselimitedquotassteadilytrendskills/ unskilledD Notetaking PreparationDates: Teens and Tens18501951The 1840sFrom 1890 to 1930Between 1750 and 18501776188213291860From approximately 1830 to 1930Language Conventions: Countries and NationalitiesThe Scandinavian countries are Swed en, Norway, and Denmark. The Southern European countries are Italy, Greece, Spain, and Portugal. The Eastern European countries are Russia and Poland.LISTENINGFirst ListeningMajor SubtopicsST1 the Great ImmigrationST2 reasons for the Great Immigration and why it endedST3 immigration situation in the United States todayPOSTLISTENINGA. Accuracy Checkcolonists or settl ersDutch, French, German, Scotch-Irish, BlacksThe third, 1890-1930Southern Europe and Eastern EuropeThe population doubled, there was wid espread unemployment, and there was a scarcity of farmlandfree land, plentiful jobs, and freed om from religious and political persecutionthe failure of the potato crop in Irelandlaws limiting immigration from certain area, the Great Depression, and World War ⅡThey are largely non-European.Industry d oesn’t need a large number of unskilled workers。
World History: Patterns of Interaction*Chapter Outline(CIB = Means Chapter in Brief Summary) IntroductionWorld History T hemes, Geography T hemes, T ime, Place, How Do We Know?Rand McNally AtlasStrategies for Taking Standardized TestsStrategies for Studying HistoryTest-taking Strategies and PracticeUnit 14 Million BC-200 BCBeginnings of Civilization Chapter 1 – Prehistory to 2500 BCEThe Peopling of the World1.Human Origins in Africa (CIB)Analyzing Key Concepts: CultureHistory through Art: Cave Paintings2.Humans Try to Control Nature3.Civilization > Case Study Ur in SumerChapter 2 – 3500 BCE – 450 BCEEarly River Valley Civilizations1.City-states in Mesopotamia2.Pyramids on the NileHistory in Depth: Pyramids and MummiesSocial History: Work and Play in Ancient History3.Planned Cities on the IndusScience and Technology: Plumbing in Mohenjo-Daro4.River Dynasties in ChinaChapter 3 – 2000 BCE – 250 BCEPeople and Ideas on the Move1.The Indo-Europeans2.Hinduism and Buddhism Develop3.Seafaring TradersHistory in Depth: Phoenician Trade4.Origins of JudaismAnalyzing Key Concepts: JudaismDifferent Perspectives: The Flood StoryChapter 4 – 1570 BCE – 200 BCEFirst Age of Empires1.The Egyptian and Nubian EmpiresHistory in Depth: Egyptian Influence on Nubian Culture2.The Assyrian Empire3.The Persian EmpireGlobal Impact: Empire Building4.The Unification of ChinaHistory in Depth: The Great Wall of ChinaComparing and Contrasting: Ancient CivilizationsUnit 22000 BCE – 800 CENew Directions in Government and Society Chapter 5 – 2000 BCE – 300 CEClassical Greece1.Cultures of Mountains and Sea2.Warring City-StatesHistory in Depth: Festivals and Sports3.Democracy and Greece’s Golden AgeHistory through Art: Greek Art and Architecture4.Alexander’s Empire5.The Spread of Hellenistic CultureChapter 6 – 500 BCE – 500 CEAncient Rome and Early Christianity1.The Roman Republic2.The Roman EmpireSocial History: Life in a Roman Villa3.The Rise of Christianity4.The Fall of the Roman EmpireDifferent Perspectives: The Fall of the Roman Empire5.Rome and the Roots of Western CivilizationAnalyzing Key Concepts: Western CivilizationScience and Technology: The ColiseumChapter 7 – 400 BCE – 550 CEIndia and China Establish Empires1.India’s First Empires2.Trade Spreads Indian Religion and CultureHistory through Art: Hindu and Buddhist Art3.Han Emperors in ChinaGlobal Impact: Trade NetworksChapter 8 – 1500 BCE – 700 CEAfrican Civilization1.Diverse Societies in AfricaScience and Technology: African Ironworking2.MigrationCase Study: Bantu-Speaking People3.The Kingdom of AksumChapter 9 – 40,000 BCE – 700 CEThe Americas: A Separate World (CIB)1.The Earliest American2.Early Meso-American CivilizationsHistory through Art: Olmec Sculpture3.Early Civilizations of the AndesHistory in Depth: Narzca LinesComparing and Contrasting: Classical AgesUnit 3500 – 1500An Age of Exchange and EncounterChapter 10 – 600-1200The Muslim World1. The Rise of IslamAnalyzing Architecture: The Dome of the Rock2. Islam Expands3. Muslim CultureScience and Technology: AstronomyWORLD RELIGIONS AND ETHICAL SYSTEMS BuddhismChristianityHinduismIslamJudaism ConfucianismChapter 11 – 500 – 1500Byzantines, Russians, and Turks Interact1. The Byzantine EmpireAnalyzing Key Concepts: Roman Catholicism and Easter Orthodoxy2. The Russian EmpireHistory through Art: Religious Art and Architecture3. Turkish Empires Rise in AnatoliaChapter 12 – 600 – 1350 Empires and East Asia 1. Tang and Song China Social History: Tang and Song Dynasty: People and Technology2. The Mongol ConquestsHistory in Depth: A Mighty Fighting Force3. The Mongol Empire4. Feudal Empires in JapanHistory in Depth: Japanese Samurai5. Kingdoms of Southeast Asia and KoreaChapter 13 – 500 – 1200European Middle Ages 1. Charlemagne Unites Germanic Kingdoms 2. Feudalism in Europe Analyzing Key Concepts: Feudalism3. The Age of Chivalry (CIB)Science and Technology: Castles and Siege Weapons4. The Power of the Church (CIB)Chapter 14 – 800-1500Formation of Western Europe 1. Church Reform and the Crusades (CIB) History in Depth: Gothic Architecture Different Perspectives: The Crusades2. Changes in Medieval Society3. England and France Develop4. The Hundred Years’ War and the Plague (CIB) Global Impact: The Spread of Epidemic DiseaseChapter 15 – 800 – 1500Societies and Empires in Africa1. North and Central African Societies2. Western African Civilizations History through Art: Benin Bronzes3. Eastern City States and Southern Empires Analyzing Architecture: Great ZimbabweComparing and Contrasting: Trade NetworksUnit 4500 – 800Connecting HemispheresChapter 16 – 500 – 1500 People and Empires in America 1. North American Series2. Maya Kings and CitiesHistory through Art: Maya Architecture 3. The Aztecs Control Central Mexico History in Depth: Aztec Calendar 4. The Inca Create a Mountain Empire Social History: Incan MummiesChapter 17 – 1300 – 1600European Renaissance and Reformation1. Italy: Birthplace of the RenaissanceHistory through Art: Renaissance Ideas influence Renaissance Art2. The Northern Renaissance Social History: City Life in Renaissance Europe3. Luther Leads the Reformation Analyzing Key Concepts: Protestantism4. The Reformation Continues Different Perspectives: The ReformationChapter 18 – 1300 – 1700The Muslim World Expands1. The Ottomans Build a Vast Empire2. Cultural BlendingCase Study: The Safavid Empire3. The Mughal Empire in IndiaHistory through Art: Cultural Blending in Mughal IndiaChapter 19 – 1400 – 1800An Age of Explorations and Isolation 1. Europeans Explore the East 2. Science and Technology: The Tools of Exploration3. China Limits European ContactsHistory in Depth: The Forbidden City4. Japan Returns to IsolationChapter 20 – 1492 – 1800The Atlantic World1. Spain Builds an American Empire (CIB) Different Perspectives: The Legacy of Columbus2. Europeans Nations Settle North America3. The Atlantic Slave Trade (CIB)4. The Columbian Exchange and Global Trade (CIB) Global Impact: Food ExchangeAnalyzing Key Concepts: MercantilismComparing and Contrasting: Methods of GovernmentUnit 51500 – 1900Absolutism to RevolutionChapter 21 – 1500 – 1800Absolute Monarchs in Europe1. Spain’s Empire and European AbsolutismAnalyzing Key Concepts: Absolutism2. The Reign of Louis XIVHistory in Depth: The Palace at Versailles3. Central European Monarchs Clash4. Absolute Rulers of RussiaSocial History: Surviving the Russian Winter5. Parliament Limits the English Monarchy Chapter 22 – 1550 – 1789 Enlightenment and Revolution 1. The Scientific Revolution 2. The Enlightenment of Europe Different Perspectives: European Values during the Enlightenment3. The Enlightenment Spreads4. The American RevolutionAnalyzing Key Concepts: DemocracyChapter 23 – 1789 – 1815 The French Revolution and Napoleon 1. The French Revolution Begins 2. Revolution Brings Reform and TerrorScience and Technology: GuillotineDifferent Perspectives: The French Revolution3.Napoleon Forges an Empire (CIB)4.Napoleon’s Empire Collapses (CIB)5.The Congress Vienna (CIB)Chapter 24 – 1789 – 1900Nationalist Revolutions Sweep the Westtin American Peoples Win IndependenceGlobal Impact: Struggling Towards Democracy2.Europe Faces RevolutionAnalyzing Key Systems: Nationalism3.NationalismCase Study: Italy and Germany4.Revolutions in the ArtsHistory through Art: Revolutions in PaintingComparing and Contrasting: Political RevolutionsUnit 61700 – 1914Industrialism and the Race for Empire Chapter 25 – 1700 – 1900The Industrial Revolution1.The Beginnings of RevolutionGlobal Impact: Revolutions in Technology2.Industrialization Spreads3.Reforming the Industrial WorldAnalyzing Key Concepts: Capitalism vs. SocialismDifferent Perspectives: IndustrializationChapter 26 – 1815 – 1914An Age of Democracy and Progress1.Democratic Reform and Activism (CIB)2.Self-Rule for British ColoniesSocial History: Life in Early Australia3.War and Expansion in the United States (CIB)4.Nineteenth-Century Progress (CIB)Science and Technology: Edison’s Inventions Chapter 27 – 1850 – 1914The Age of Imperialism1.The Scramble for Africa2.ImperialismCase Study: NigeriaAnalyzing Key Concepts: ImperialismDifferent Perspectives: Views of Imperialism3.Europeans Claim Muslim Lands4.British Imperialism in India5.Imperialism in Southeast AsiaChapter 28 – 1800 – 1914Transformations around the Globe1. China Resists Outside Influence (CIB)2. Modernization in Japan (CIB)History through Art: Japanese Woodblock Printing3. U.S. Economic ImperialismScience and Technology: Panama Canal4. Turmoil and Change in MexicoComparing and Contrasting: Scientific and Technological ChangesUnit 71900 – 1945The World at WarChapter 29 – 1914 – 1918The Great War 1. Marching Toward War 2. Europe Plunges into War History in Depth: The New Weapons of WarScience and Technology: Military Aviation3. A Global ConflictDifferent Perspectives: Views of War4. A Flawed PeaceChapter 30 – 1900 – 1939Revolution and Nationalism1. Revolutions in RussiaAnalyzing Key Concepts: Communism2. TotalitarianismCase Study: Stalinist RussiaAnalyzing Key Concepts: TotalitarianismHistory through Art: Propaganda3. Imperial China CollapsesHistory in Depth: The Long March4. Nationalism in India and Southwest AsiaChapter 31 – 1819 – 1939Years of Crisis1. Postwar UncertaintySocial History: Labor-saving Devices in the United States2. A Worldwide Depression3. Fascism Rises in Europe Analyzing Key Concepts: Fascism4. Aggressors Invade Nations Chapter 32 – 1939 – 1845World War II 1. Hitler’s Lightening War 2. Japan’s Pacific Campaign 3. The Holocaust4. The Allied VictoryGlobal Impact: Arming for War5. Europe and Japan in RuinsComparing and Contrasting: The Changing Nature of WarfareUnit 81945 – PresentPerspectives on the PresentChapter 33 – 1945 – PresentRestructuring the Post-War World1. Cold War – Super Powers Face Off (CIB)Science and Technology: The Space Race2. Communists Take Power in China (CIB)3. Wars in Korea and Vietnam4. The Cold War Divides the World (CIB)History in Depth: How the Cold War was Fought5. The Cold War Thaws (CIB)Chapter 34 – 1945 – PresentThe Colonies Become New Nations1. The Indian Subcontinent Achieves Freedom2. Southeast Asian Nations Gain Independence Social History: Changing Times in Southeast Asia3. New Nations in Africa4. Conflicts in the Middle EastHistory in Depth: Signs of Hope5. Central Asia StrugglesChapter 35 – 1945 – PresentStruggles fir Democracy 1. Democracy Case Study: Latin America Democracies 2. The Challenge of Democracy in Africa 3. The Collapse of the Soviet Union 4. Change in Central and Eastern EuropeHistory in Depth: Ethnic Groups in the Former Yugoslavia5. China: Reform and ReactionHistory through Art: PhotojournalismChapter 36 – 1945 – PresentGlobal Interdependence 1. The Impact of Science and Technology 2. Global Economic Development Analyzing Key Concepts: Globalization Different Perspective: Economics and the Environment 3. Global Security Issues4. Terrorism > Case Study: September 11, 20015. Cultures Blend in a Global Age > Global Impact: Rock ‘n Roll Comparing and Contrasting: Nation Building。
CHAPTER 9 MANAGEMENT OF ECONOMIC EXPOSURESUGGESTED ANSWERS AND SOLUTIONS TO END-OF-CHAPTERQUESTIONS AND PROBLEMSQUESTIONS1. How would you define economic exposure to exchange risk?Answer: Economic exposure can be defined as the possibility that the firm’s cash flows and thus its market value may be affected by the unexpected exchange rate changes.2. Explain the following statement: “Exposure is the regression coefficient.”Answer: Exposure to currency risk can be appropriately measured by th e sensitivity of the firm’s future cash flows and the market value to random changes in exchange rates. Statistically, this sensitivity can be estimated by the regression coefficient. Thus, exposure can be said to be the regression coefficient.3. Suppose that your company has an equity position in a French firm. Discuss the condition under which the dollar/franc exchange rate uncertainty does not constitute exchange exposure for your company.Answer: Mere changes in exchange rates do not necessarily constitute currency exposure. If the French franc value of the equity moves in the opposite direction as much as the dollar value of the franc changes, then the dollar value of the equity position will be insensitive to exchange rate movements. As a result, your company will not be exposed to currency risk.4. Explain the competitive and conversion effects of exchange rate changes on the firm’s operating cash flow.Answer: The competitive effect: exchange rate changes may affect operating cash flows by altering the firm’s competitive position.The conversion effect: A given operating cash flows in terms of a foreign currency will be converted into higher or lower dollar (home currency)amounts as the exchange rate changes.5. Discuss the determinants of operating exposure.Answer: The main determinants of a firm’s operating exposure are (1) the structure of the markets in which the firm sources its inputs, such as labor and materials, and sells its products, and (2) the firm’s ability to mitigate the effect of exchange rate changes by adjusting its markets, product mix, and sourcing.6. Discuss the implications of purchasing power parity for operating exposure.Answer: If the exchange rate changes are matched by the inflation rate differential between countries, firms’ competitive positions will not be altered by exchange rate changes. Firms are not subject to operating exposure.7. General Motors exports cars to Spain but the strong dollar against the peseta hurts sales of GM cars in Spain. In the Spanish market, GM faces competition from the Italian and French car makers, such as Fiat and Renault, whose currencies remain stable relative to the peseta. What kind of measures would you recommend so that GM can maintain its market share in Spain.Answer: Possible measures that GM can take include: (1) diversify the market; try to market the cars not just in Spain and other European countries but also in, say, Asia; (2) locate production facilities in Spain and source inputs locally; (3) locate production facilities, say, in Mexico where production costs are low and export to Spain from Mexico.8. What are the advantages and disadvantages of financial hedging of the firm’s operating exposure vis-à-vis operational hedges (such as relocating manufacturing site)?Answer: Financial hedging can be implemented quickly with relatively low costs, but it is difficult to hedge against long-term, real exposure with financial contracts. On the other hand, operational hedges are costly, time-consuming, and not easily reversible.9. Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of maintaining multiple manufacturing sites as a hedge against exchange rate exposure.Answer: To establish multiple manufacturing sites can be effective in managing exchange risk exposure, but it can be costly because the firm may not be able to take advantage of the economy of scale.10. Evaluate the following statement: “A firm can reduce its currency exposure by diversifying across different business lines.”Answer: Conglomerate expansion may be too costly as a means of hedging exchange risk exposure. Investment in a different line of business must be made based on its own merit.11. The exchange rate uncertainty may not necessarily mean that firms face exchange risk exposure. Explain why this may be the case.Answer: A firm can have a natural hedging position due to, for example, diversified markets, flexible sourcing capabilities, etc. In addition, to the extent that the PPP holds, nominal exchange rate changes do not influenc e firms’ competitive positions. Under these circumstances, firms do not need to worry about exchange risk exposure.PROBLEMS1. Suppose that you hold a piece of land in the City of London that you may want to sell in one year. As a U.S. resident, you are concerned with the dollar value of the land. Assume that, if the British economy booms in the future, the land will be worth £2,000 and one British pound will be worth $1.40. If the British economy slows down, on the other hand, the land will be worth less, i.e., £1,500, but the pound will be stronger, i.e., $1.50/£. You feel that the British economy will experience a boom with a 60% probability and a slow-down with a 40% probability.(a) Estimate your exposure b to the exchange risk.(b) Compute the variance of the dollar value of your property that is attributable to the exchange rate uncertainty.(c) Discuss how you can hedge your exchange risk exposure and also examine the consequences of hedging.Solution: (a) Let us compute the necessary parameter values:E(P) = (.6)($2800)+(.4)($2250) = $1680+$900 = $2,580E(S) = (.6)(1.40)+(.4)(1.5) = 0.84+0.60 = $1.44Var(S) = (.6)(1.40-1.44)2 + (.4)(1.50-1.44)2= .00096+.00144 = .0024.Cov(P,S) = (.6)(2800-2580)(1.4-1.44)+(.4)(2250-2580)(1.5-1.44)= -5.28-7.92 = -13.20b = Cov(P,S)/Var(S) = -13.20/.0024 = -£5,500.You have a negative exposure! As the pound gets stronger (weaker) against the dollar, the dollar value of your British holding goes down (up).(b) b2Var(S) = (-5500)2(.0024) =72,600($)2(c) Buy £5,500 forward. By doing so, you can eliminate the volatility of the dollar value of your British asset that is due to the exchange rate volatility.2. A U.S. firm holds an asset in France and faces the following scenario:In the above table, P* is the euro price of the asset held by the U.S. firm and P is the dollar price of the asset.(a) Compute the exchange exposure faced by the U.S. firm.(b) What is the variance of the dollar price of this asset if the U.S. firm remains unhedged against thisexposure?(c) If the U.S. firm hedges against this exposure using the forward contract, what is the variance of thedollar value of the hedged position?Solution: (a)E(S) = .25(1.20 +1.10+1.00+0.90) = $1.05/€E(P) = .25(1,800+1,540+1,300 +1,080) = $1,430Var(S) = .25[(1.20-1.05)2 +(1.10-1.05)2+(1.00-1.05)2+(0.90-1.05)2]= .0125Cov(P,S) = .25[(1,800-1,430)(1.20-1.05) + (1,540-1,430)(1.10-1.05)(1,300-1,430)(1.00-1.05) + (1,080-1,430)(0.90-1.05)]= 30b = Cov(P,S)/Var(S) = 30/0.0125 = €2,400.(b) Var(P) = .25[(1,800-1,430)2+(1,540-1,430)2+(1,300-1,430)2+(1,080-1,430)2]= 72,100($)2.(c) Var(P) - b2Var(S) = 72,100 - (2,400)2(0.0125) = 100($)2.This means that most of the volatility of the dollar value of the French asset can be removed by hedging exchange risk. The hedging can be achieved by selling €2,400 forward.MINI CASE: ECONOMIC EXPOSURE OF ALBION COMPUTERS PLCConsider Case 3 of Albion Computers PLC discussed in the chapter. Now, assume that the pound is expected to depreciate to $1.50 from the current level of $1.60 per pound. This implies that the pound cost of the imported part, i.e., Intel’s microprocessors, is £341 (=$512/$1.50). Other variables, such as the unit sales volume and the U.K. inflation rate, remain the same as in Case 3.(a) Compute the projected annual cash flow in dollars.(b) Compute the projected operating gains/losses over the four-year horizon as the discounted present value of change in cash flows, which is due to the pound depreciation, from the benchmark case presented in Exhibit 12.4.(c) What actions, if any, can Albion take to mitigate the projected operating losses due to the pound depreciation?Suggested Solution to Economic Exposure of Albion Computers PLCa) The projected annual cash flow can be computed as follows:______________________________________________________Sales (40,000 units at £1,080/unit) £43,200,000Variable costs (40,000 units at £697/unit) £27,880,000Fixed overhead costs 4,000,000Depreciation allowances 1,000,000Net profit before tax £15,315,000Income tax (50%) 7,657,500Profit after tax 7,657,500Add back depreciation 1,000,000Operating cash flow in pounds £8,657,500Operating cash flow in dollars $12,986,250______________________________________________________b) ______________________________________________________Benchmark CurrentVariables Case Case______________________________________________________Exchange rate ($/£) 1.60 1.50Unit variable cost (£) 650 697Unit sales price (£) 1,000 1,080Sales volume (units) 50,000 40,000Annual cash flow (£) 7,250,000 8,657,500Annual cash flow ($) 11,600,000 12,986,250Four-year present value ($) 33,118,000 37,076,946Operating gains/losses ($) 3,958,946______________________________________________________c) In this case, Albion actually can expect to realize exchange gains, rather than losses. This is mainly due to the fact that while the selling price appreciates by 8% in the U.K. market, the variable cost of imported input increased by about 6.25%. Albion may choose not to do anything.。
Chapter 1 The PopulationI 2 populous 3 race 4 origin 5 geographical distPrelisteningB 1 census ribution6 made up of7 comprises8 relatively progressively9 Metropolitan densely 10 decreased death rate11 birth rate increasing 12 life expectancyD 1 a 18.5 mill b 80% c 1/2 d 13.4 mill e 2: 10f 4%g 1990h 40%i 3/4j 33.1%2 a3 b 1 c 2 d 5 e 4II First ListeningST1 population by race and originST2 geographical distributionST3 age and sexIII PostlisteningA 1. People’s Republic of China, India2. 281 mill3. Hispanics(12.5%)4. Texas5. the South and the West6. 20%7. by more than 5 million8. about 6 years9. 2.2 years10. a decreasing birth rate and an increasing life expectancyChapter 2: Immigration: Past and PresentPRELISTENINGB. Vocabulary and Key Conceptsimmigratednatural disasters/ droughts/ faminespersecutionsettlers/ colonistsstageswidespread unemploymentscarcityexpanding/ citizensfailuredecreaselimitedquotassteadilytrendskills/ unskilledD Notetaking PreparationDates: Teens and Tens18501951The 1840sFrom 1890 to 1930Between 1750 and 18501776188213291860From approximately 1830 to 1930Language Conventions: Countries and NationalitiesThe Scandinavian countries are Sweden, Norway, and Denmark. The Southern European countries are Italy, Greece, Spain, and Portugal. The Eastern European countries are Russia and Poland.LISTENINGFirst ListeningMajor SubtopicsST1 the Great ImmigrationST2 reasons for the Great Immigration and why it endedST3 immigration situation in the United States todayPOSTLISTENINGA. Accuracy Checkcolonists or settlersDutch, French, German, Scotch-Irish, BlacksThe third, 1890-1930Southern Europe and Eastern EuropeThe population doubled, there was widespread unemployment, and there was a scarcity of farmlandfree land, plentiful jobs, and freedom from religious and political persecutionthe failure of the potato crop in Irelandlaws limiting immigration from certain area, the Great Depression, and World War ⅡThey are largely non-European.Industry doesn’t need a large number of unskilled workers。
