外文翻译---人机工程学与造型设计

设计专业名词中英对照设计的分类（英语）1 设计Design2 现代设计Modern Design3 工艺美术设计Craft Design4 工业设计Industrial Design5 广义工业设计Generalized Industrial Design6 狭义工业设计Narrow Industrial Design7 产品设计Product Design8 传播设计Communication Design8 环境设计Environmental Design9 商业设计Commercial Design10 建筑设计Architectural11 一维设计One-dimension Design12 二维设计Tow-dimension Design13 三维设计Three-dimension Design14 四维设计Four-dimension Design15 装饰、装潢Decoration16 家具设计Furniture Design17 玩具设计Toy Design18 室内设计Interior Design19 服装设计Costume Design20 包装设计Packaging Design21 展示设计Display Design22 城市规划Urban Desgin23 生活环境Living Environment24 都市景观Townscape25 田园都市Gardon City26 办公室风致Office Landscape27 设计方法论Design Methodology28 设计语言Design Language 29 设计条件Design Condition30 结构设计Structure Design31 形式设计Form Design32 设计过程Design Process33 构思设计Concept Design34 量产设计，工艺设计Technological Design35 改型设计Model Change36 设计调查Design Survey37 事前调查Prior Survey38 动态调查Dynamic Survey39 超小型设计Compact type40 袖珍型设计Pocketable Type41 便携型设计Protable type42 收纳型设计Selfcontainning Design43 装配式设计Knock Down Type44 集约化设计Stacking Type45 成套化设计Set (Design)46 家族化设计Family (Design)47 系列化设计Series (Design)48 组合式设计Unit Design49 仿生设计Bionics Design50 功能Function51 独创性Originality52 创造力Creative Power53 外装Facing54 创造性思维Creating Thinking55 等价变换思维Equivalent Transformationn Thought56 KJ法Method of K.J57 戈顿法Synectice58 集体创造性思维法Brain Storming59 设计决策(Design) Decision Making60 T-W-M体系T-W-M system61 O-R-M体系O-R-M system62 印象战略Image Stratagem63 AIDMA原则Law of AIDMA64 功能分化Functional Differentiation65 功能分析Functional Analysis66 生命周期Life Cycle67 照明设计Illumination Design设计色彩方法（英）1 色Color2 光谱Spectrum3 物体色Object Color4 固有色Propor Color5 色料Coloring Material6 色觉三色学说Three-Component Theary7 心理纯色Unique Color8 拮抗色学说Opponent Color Theory9 色觉的阶段模型Stage Model of the Color Perception10 色彩混合Color Mixing11 基本感觉曲线Trisimulus Valus Curves12 牛顿色环Newton's Color Cycle13 色矢量Color Vector14 三原色Three Primary Colors15 色空间Color Space16 色三角形Color Triangle17 测色Colourimetry18 色度Chromaticity19 XYZ表色系XYZ Color System20 实色与虚色Real Color and Imaginary Color21 色等式Color Equation 22 等色实验Color Matching Experiment23 色温Color Temperature24 色问轨迹Color Temperature Locus25 色彩三属性Three Attribtes and Color26 色相Hue27 色相环Color Cycle28 明度Valve29 彩度Chroma30 环境色Environmetal Color31 有彩色Chromatic Color32 无彩色Achromatic Colors33 明色Light Color34 暗色Dark Color35 中明色Middle Light Color36 清色Clear Color37 浊色Dull Color38 补色Complementary Color39 类似色Analogous Color40 一次色Primary Color41 二次色Secondary Color42 色立体Color Solid43 色票Color Sample44 孟塞尔表色系Munsell's Color System45 奥斯特瓦德表色系Ostwald's Color System46 日本色研色体系Practical Color Co-ordinate System47 色彩工程Color Engineering48 色彩管理Color Control49 色彩再现Color Reproduction50 等色操作Color Matching51 色彩的可视度Visibility Color52 色彩恒常性Color Constancy53 色彩的对比Color Contrast54 色彩的同化Color Assimilation55 色彩的共感性Color Synesthesia56 暖色与冷色Warm Color and Cold Color57 前进色与后退色Advancing Color Receding Color58 膨胀色与收缩色Expansive Color and Contractile Color59 重色与轻色Heavy Color and Light Color60 色价Valeur61 色调Color Tone62 暗调Shade63 明调Tint64 中间调Halftone65 表面色Surface Color66 平面色Film Color67 色彩调和Color Harmony68 配色Color Combination69 孟塞尔色彩调和Munsell's Color Harmony70 奥斯特瓦德色彩调和Ostwald's Color Harmony71 孟.斯本瑟色彩调和Moon.Spencer's Color Harmony72 色彩的感情Feeling of Color73 色彩的象征性Color Symbolism74 色彩的嗜好Color Preference75 流行色Fashion Color76 色彩的功能性Color Functionalism77 色彩规划Color Planning78 色彩调节Color Conditioning79 色彩调整Color Coordinetion80 色彩设计Color Design 材料与加工成型技术（英）1 材料Material2 材料规划Material Planning3 材料评价Material Appraisal4 金属材料Metal Materials5 无机材料Inorganic Materials6 有机材料Organic Materials7 复合材料Composite Materials8 天然材料Natural Materials9 加工材料Processing Materials10 人造材料Artificial Materials11 黑色金属Ferrous Metal12 有色金属Nonferrous Metal13 轻金属材料Light Metal Materials14 辅助非铁金属材料Byplayer Nonferrous Metal Materials15 高熔点金属材料High Melting Point Metal Materials16 贵金属材料Precions Metal Materials17 辅助非铁金属材料Byplayer Nonferrous Metal Materials18 高熔点金属材料High Melting Point Metal Materials19 贵金属材料Precions Metal Materials20 陶瓷Ceramics21 水泥Cement22 搪瓷、珐琅Enamel23 玻璃Glass24 微晶玻璃Glass Ceramics25 钢化玻璃Tuflite Glass26 感光玻璃Photosensitive Glass27 纤维玻璃Glass Fiber28 耐热玻璃Hear Resisting Glass29 塑料Plastics30 通用塑料Wide Plastics31 工程塑料Engineering Plastics32 热塑性树脂Thermoplastic Resin33 热固性树脂Thermosetting Resin34 橡胶Rubber35 粘接剂Adhesives36 涂料Paints37 树脂Resin38 聚合物Polymer39 聚丙烯树脂Polypropylene40 聚乙烯树脂Polyethylene Resin41 聚苯乙烯树脂Polystyrene Resin42 聚氯乙烯树脂Polyvinyl Chloride Resin43 丙烯酸树脂Methyl Methacrylate Resin44 聚烯胺树脂，尼龙Polyamide Resin45 氟化乙烯树脂Polyfurol Resin46 聚缩醛树脂Polyacetal Resin47 聚碳酸脂树脂Polycarbonate Resin48 聚偏二氯乙烯树脂Polyvinylidene Resin49 聚醋酸乙烯脂树脂Polyvinyl Acetate Resin50 聚烯亚胺树脂Polyimide Resin51 酚醛树脂Phenolic Formaldehyde Resin52 尿素树脂Urea Formaldehyde Resin53 聚酯树脂Polyester Resin54 环痒树脂Epoxy Resin55 烯丙基树脂Allyl Resin56 硅树脂Silicone Resin57 聚氨酯树脂Polyurethane Resin58 密胺Melamine Formaldehyde Resin 59 ABS树脂Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene Redin60 感光树脂Photosensition Plastics61 纤维强化树脂Fiber Reinforced Plastic62 印刷油墨Printing Ink63 印刷用纸Printing Paper64 铜板纸Art Paper65 木材Wood66 竹材Bamboo67 树脂装饰板Decorative Sheet68 蜂窝机制板Honey Comb Core Panel69 胶合板Veneer70 曲木Bent Wood71 浸蜡纸Waxed Paper72 青铜Bronge73 薄壳结构Shell Construction74 技术Technic75 工具Tool76 金工Metal Work77 铸造Casting78 切削加工Cutting79 压力加工Plastic Working80 压力加工Plastic Working81 焊接Welding82 板金工Sheetmetal Woek83 马赛克Mosaic84 塑性成型Plastic Working85 灌浆成型Slip Casting86 挤出成型Sqeezing87 注压成型Injection Molding88 加压成型Pressing89 水压成型Cold Isostatic Pressing90 加压烧结法Hot Pressing91 HIP成型Hot Isostatic Pressing92 压缩成型Compression Molding Pressing93 气压成型Blow Molding94 压延成型Calendering95 转送成型Transfer Molding96 雌雄成型Slash Molding97 铸塑成型Casting98 喷涂成型Spray Up99 层积成型Laminating100 FW法Fillament Winding101 粘接与剥离Adhesion and Excoriation 102 木材工艺Woodcraft103 竹材工艺Bamboo Work104 表面技术Surface Technology105 镀饰Plating106 涂饰Coating107 电化铝Alumite108 烫金Hot Stamping109 预制作Prefabrication110 预制住宅Prefabricated House111 悬臂梁Cantilever112 金属模具Mold113 型板造型Modeling of Teplate114 染料Dyestuff115 颜料Artist Color传播与传媒设计（英）1 传播Communication2 大众传播Mass Communication3 媒体Media4 大众传播媒体Mass Media5 视觉传播Visual Communication6 听觉传播Hearing Communication7 信息Information8 符号Sign9 视觉符号Visual Sign10 图形符号Graphic Symbol11 符号论Semiotic12 象征Symbol13 象征标志Symbol Mark14 音响设计Acoustic Design15 听觉设计Auditory Design16 听觉传播设计Auditory Communication Design17 图象设计Visual Communication Design18 视觉设计Visual Design19 视觉传播设计Visual Communication Design20 图形设计Graphic Design21 编辑设计Editorial Design22 版面设计Layout23 字体设计Lettering24 CI设计Corporate Identity Design25 宣传Propaganda26 广告Advertising27 广告委托人Adveertiser28 广告代理业Advertising Agency29 广告媒体Advertising Media30 广告目的Avertising Objectives31 广告伦理Morality of Advertising32 广告法规Law of Advertising33 广告计划Advertising Planing34 广告效果Advertising Effect35 广告文案Advertising Copy36 广告摄影Advertising Photography37 说明广告Informative Advertising38 招贴画海报Poster39 招牌Sign-board40 小型宣传册Pamphlet41 大型宣传册Portfolio42 商品目录Catalogue43 企业商报House Organ44 户外广告Outdoor Advertising45 POP广告Point of Purchase Advertising46 展示Display47 橱窗展示Window Display48 展示柜Cabinet49 博览会Exposition50 万国博览会World Exposition51 包装Packaging52 工业包装Industrial Packing53 标签Label54 企业形象Corporate Image55 企业色Company Color56 动画Animation57 插图Illustration58 书法Calligraphy59 印刷Initial60 设计费design fee61 标准standard62 注册商标registered trade mark设计美学与设计实验（英）1 美Beauty2 现实美Acture Beauty3 自然美Natural Beauty4 社会美Social Beauty5 艺术美Artisitc Beauty6 内容与形式Content and Form7 形式美Formal Beauty8 形式原理Principles and Form9 技术美Beauty of Technology10 机械美Beauty of Machine11 功能美Functional Beauty12 材料美Beauty of Material13 美学Aesthetics14 技术美学Technology Aesthetics15 设计美学Design Aesthetics16 生产美学PAroduction Aesthetics17 商品美学Commodity Aedthetics18 艺术Art19 造型艺术Plastic Arts20 表演艺术Performance Art21 语言艺术Linguistic Art22 综合艺术Synthetic Arts23 实用艺术Practical Art24 时间艺术Time Art25 空间艺术Spatial Art26 时空艺术Time and Spatial Art27 一维艺术One Dimantional28 二维艺术two Dimantional29 三维艺术Three Dimantional30 四维艺术Four Dimantional31 舞台艺术Stagecraft32 影视艺术Arts of Mmovie and Television33 环境艺术Environmental Art34 美术Fine Arts35 戏剧Drama36 文学Literature37 意匠Idea38 图案Pattern39 构思Conception40 构图Composition41 造型Formation42 再现Representation43 表现Expression44 构成Composition45 平面构成Tow Dimentional Composition46 立体构成Three Dimentional Composition47 色彩构成Color Composition48 空间构成Composition of Space49 音响构成Composition and Sound50 多样与统一Unity of Multiplicity51 平衡Balance52 对称Symmetry53 调和、和声Harmony54 对比Contrast55 类似Similarity56 比例Proportion57 黄金分割Golden Section58 节奏Rhythm59 旋律Melody60 调子Tone61 变奏Variation62 纹样Pattern63 形态Form64 有机形态Organic Form65 抽象形态Abstract Form66 简化形态Simptified Form67 变形Deformation 68 图学Graphics69 透视画法Perspective70 线透视Linear Perspective71 视点Eye on Picture Plane72 灭点Vanishing Point73 平行透视Parallel Persective74 成角透视Angular Perspective75 斜透视Obligue Perspective76 单点透视Single Paint Perdpective77 两点透视Tow-Point Perdpective78 三点透视Three-Point Perdpective79 鸟瞰图Bird's Eye View80 平面视图Ground Plain81 轴侧投影Axonometric Projection82 设计素描Design Sketch83 预想图Rendering84 模型Model85 粘土模型Clay Model86 石膏模型Plaster Model87 木制模型Wooden Model88 缩尺模型Scale Model89 原大模型Mock Up90 仿真模型Finished Model91 制造原形Prototype92 计算机图形学Computer Graphics93 框架模型Frame Model94 实体模型Solid Model95 计算机辅助设计COMPUTER AIDED DESIGN96 计算机辅助制造Computer Aided Manufacture97 计算机三维动画Computer Three Dimentional Animation98 计算机艺术Computer Arts99 计算机书法Computer Calligraphy100 计算机图象处理Computer Image Processing101 计算机音响构成Computer Sound Composition实验心理学与人机工程学（英）1 人类工程学Human Engineering2 人机工程学Man-Machine Engineering3 工效学Ergonomice4 人因工程学Human Factors Engineering5 人因要素Human Factors6 人机系统Man-Machine System7 人体工程学Human Engineering8 人本位设计Human Sstandard Design9 实验心理学Experimental Psychology10 物理心理学Psychophysics11 感觉Sensation12 知觉Perception13 感觉阙限Threshold of Senssation14 心理量表Psychological Scaling15 视觉Visual Perception16 视觉通道Visual Pathway17 听觉Hearing Perception18 肤觉Skin Sensation19 视觉心理学Visual Psychology20 听觉心理学Hearing Psychology21 感光元Photoreceptor Cell22 明视、暗视、间视Phootopic Vision ,Scotopic Vision , Mesopic Vision23 光适应与暗适应Photopic Adaptation and Sscotopic Adaptation 24 格式塔，完形Gestalt25 形状知觉Shape Perception26 轮廓Conotour27 主观轮廓Subjictive Contour28 图形与背景Figure and Ground29 图形与背景逆转Reversible Figure30 良好形状法则Prinzip der Guten Gestalt31 群化Grouping32 等质性法则Fsctor of Similarity33 伪装Camouflage34 形状的恒常性Shape Constancy35 大小的恒常性Size Constancy36 空间知觉Space Perception37 立体视Stereopsis38 运动知觉Movement Perception39 视错觉Optical Illusion40 残像After Image41 似动Apparent Movement42 视觉后效Aftereffects in Visuvl43 瀑布效应Waterfall Effect44 视线记录仪Eye Camera45 听觉刺激Auditory Stimulus46 声压Sound Pressure47 声压水平Sound Pressure Level48 频谱Spectrum49 乐音与非乐音Tone and Nontone50 噪声Noise51 听觉阙限Auditory Threshold52 响度Loudness53 听觉掩蔽Auditory Masking54 音乐心理学Psychology of Music55 音响心理学Psychology of Sound56 音的四属性Four Attribute Sound57 音高Pitch58 音色Timbre59 力度Loudness60 频率辨别阙限Difference Threshold of Frequency61 强度辨别阙限Difference Threshold of Loudness62 混响Reverberation63 音源距离感Distance Perception of Sound64 音源方位感Orientation Perception of Sound65 立体声Stereophony66 语言心理学Psycholinguistics67 语言声谱Language Spectrum68 语言清晰度Articulation69 人体尺寸Humanlady Size70 作业空间Work Space71 模数Module72 心理尺度Psychological Measure73 动作分析Motion Analysis74 时间研究Time Study75 动作时间研究Motion and Time Study76 时间动作轨迹摄影Chronocyclegragh77 动迹Traffic Line78 光迹摄影Luminogram79 脑波Brain Wave80 生物钟Bio-o'clock81 睡眠Sleep82 疲劳Fatigue83 姿态Body Posture84 皮肤电反应Galranic Skin Response85 临界闪烁频率Critical Flicker Frequence 86 肌肉运动学Kinesiology87 肌电图Electromyography88 形态学Morphology89 仿生学Bionics90 人、环境系统Man-Environment System91 照明Hlumination92 振动Oscillate93 气候Climate94 空气调节Air Conditioning95 功能分配Functional Allocation设计生产经营与评价（英）1 工业工程学Industrial Engineering2 工业心理学Industrial Psychology3 科学管理法Scientific Management4 生产管理Production Control5 质量管理Quality Control6 系统工程System Engineering7 批量生产Mass Production8 流水作业Conveyer System9 互换式生产方式Interchangeable Produsction Method10 标准化Standardization11 自动化Automation12 市场调查Market Research13 商品化计划Merchandising14 产品开发Product Developement15 产品改型Model Change16 产品测试Product Testing17 产品成本Product Cost18 营销学Marketing19 买方市场Buyer's Market20 卖方市场Seller's Marker21 促销Sales Promotion22 适销Marketability23 消费者Consumer24 购买动机调查Motivation Research25 深层面接法Depth Interview26 销售热点Selling Point27 卡通测试法Cartoon Test28 产品形象Product Image29 形象策略Image Strategy30 公共关系Public Relations31 运筹学Operations Research32 设计策略Design Policy33 艺术总监Art Director设计法规与标准（英）1 知识产权Intellectual Property2 著作权Copyright3 工业产权Industrial Property4 专利Patent5 发明专利Patent for Invention6 实用新型Utility Modle7 外观设计专利Registation of Design8 注册商标Registered Trade Mark9 广告法Advertising Law10 反不正当竞争Repression of Untair Competition11 设计费Design Fee12 标准Standard13 德国工业标准Deutsche Industrie Normen 设计思潮与流派（英）1 学院派Academicism2 理性主义Rationalism3 非理性主义Irrationalism4 古典主义Classicism5 浪漫主义Romanticism6 现实主义Realism7 印象主义Impressionism8 后印象主义Postimpressionism9 新印象主义Neo-Impressionisme(法）10 那比派The Nabject11 表现主义Expressionism12 象征主义Symbolism13 野兽主义Fauvism14 立体主义Cubism15 未来主义Futurism16 奥弗斯主义Orphism17 达达主义Dadaisme(法)18 超现实主义Surrealism19 纯粹主义Purism20 抽象艺术Abstract Art21 绝对主义，至上主义Suprematism22 新造型主义Neo-plasticisme(法)23 风格派De Stiji24 青骑士Der Blaus Reiter25 抒情抽象主义Lyric Abstractionism26 抽象表现主义Abstract Expressionism27 行动绘画Action Painting28 塔希主义Tachisme(法)29 视幻艺术Op Art30 活动艺术、机动艺术Kinetic Art31 极少主义Minimalism32 概念主义Conceptualism33 波普艺术Pop Art34 芬克艺术、恐怖艺术Funk Art35 超级写实主义Super Realism36 人体艺术Body Art37 芝加哥学派Chicago School38 艺术与手工艺运动The Arts & Crafts Movement39 新艺术运动Art Nouveau40 分离派Secession41 构成主义Constructivism42 现代主义Modernism43 包豪斯Bauhaus44 阿姆斯特丹学派Amsterdam School45 功能主义Functionalism46 装饰艺术风格Art Deco(法)47 国际风格International Style48 流线型风格Streamlined Forms49 雅典宪章Athens Charter50 马丘比丘宪章Charter of Machupicchu51 斯堪的纳维亚风格Scandinavia Style52 新巴洛克风格New Baroque53 后现代主义Postmodernism54 曼菲斯Memphis55 高技风格High Tech56 解构主义Deconstructivism57 手工艺复兴Crafts Revival58 准高技风格Trans High Tech59 建筑风格Architecture60 微建筑风格Micro-Architecture61 微电子风格Micro-Electronics62 晚期现代主义Late Moddernism。

第1章人机工程学概述1.1 人机工程学的命名及定义、分类人机工程学 (Man-Machine Engineering)是研究人、机器及其工作环境之间相互作用的学科，是20世纪40年代后期发展起来的跨越不同学科领域，应用多种学科原理、方法和数据的一门边缘学科。

它应用生理学、心理学、医学、卫生学、人体测量学、劳动科学、系统工程学、社会学和管理学等多门学科的知识和成果，主要研究人-机-环境三者之间的关系，通过恰当地设计和改进这些关系，使工作系统获得满意的效果，同时保证人的安全、健康和舒适。

人机工程学是一门边缘学科，具有边缘学科共有的特点，如：学科命名多样化、学科定义不统一、学科边界模糊、学科内容综合性强、学科应用范围广泛等。

1. 1. 1 人机工程学的命名目前该学科在国内外还没有统一的名称，在美国，一开始时称为应用实验心理学(Ap-plied Experimental Psychology)或工程心理学(Engineering Psychology)，20世纪50年代又被称为人类工程学 (Human Engineering)或人的因素工程学(Human Factors Engineering)。

在西欧多被称为工效学(Ergonomos):“ergon”为希腊词根，即“工作、劳动”,“nomos”即“规律、规则”, 合起来就是“人的劳动规律”的意思。

由于该词能够较全面地反应本学科的本质，又源自希腊文，便于各国语言翻译上的统一，而且词义保持中性，被较多的国家所采用。

在日本被称为人间工学。

在国内，除普遍采用人机工程学外，常见的名称还有人体工程学、人类工效学、人类工程学、工程心理学、宜人学、人的因素学等。

1. 1.2 人机工程学的定义该学科的定义与其命名一样也不统一。

美国人机工程学专家 C. C. 伍德(CharlesC.Wood)对人机工程学的定义为：设备设计必须适合人的各方面因素，以便在操作上付出最小的代价而求得最高效率。

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The Auto Body General Arrangement Design Based on ErgonomicsModern car design emphasizes people-centered, safety, comfort has been the subject of car design and the pursuit of the goal, but the comfort, safety is directly related to people, the study of ergonomics in automotive applications more and more attention. In the car body the overall layout design process required to fully take into account the theoretical knowledge of ergonomics, ergonomics reasonable size to ensure that different populations car comfort, safety, ease of operation, and on and off has important significance .Car Body general arrangement is based on vehicle general arrangement design carried out, its ultimate goal is within the limited dimensions of the body assembly and arrangement of all components, and get the most of interior space and improve the market competitiveness of products. However, the workload of general arrangement car body, it takes a long time, if possible based on the theory of ergonomics and CATIA V5 knowledge engineering module as a tool for knowledge-driven car overall layout parametric design, will greatly improve the design efficiency and quality and shorten the design cycle.1 . Driver's seat arrangement1.1 Layout of driver's seatStudies have shown that the human body to take joint angle when seated directly affect the ride comfort of the occupants of subjective feelings. Human drive, ride comfort and fatigue and design joint angle is determined according to the posture of the body, and therefore, according to the joint angle comfortable all-sized mannequin positioned, re-evaluation of its vision encompasses, comfort and so on. Different types of cars, its cab and the cab floor height of different heights, the driver must take a position corresponding.Driver's seating position and vehicle size must be appropriate to ensure the driver a good forward visibility, in order to meet different driver sitting comfort, the seat position is generally designed to be adjustable. Driver's seating position design principle is to ensure forward visibility conditions, to determine the limits of the human body has a size (women's and men's 95th 5th body size) limits the driver's seating position, from which to determine the adjustment range of the seat position.1.2 The driver's seat position and stroke adjustment determinedDriver's seat through the seat reference point position is determined SgRP point. SgRP point is the design of the seat reference point specified by the manufacturer, taking into account all the adjustments of the seat forms (horizontal, vertical and tilt adjustment), seat reference point to determine the final position in normal driving or riding, it means that when 95th one hundred When quintile manikin placed on the seat as required, the actual H point shall coincide with the seat reference point SgRP. When the accelerator pedal, the driver's seat and steering wheel position arrangement completed, in order to visually check the driver has a good layout on the angle of the seat in a sitting position when normal driving is able to meet the requirements of ergonomics, through CATIA V5 software platform to perform determined that the driver sitting corner. CATIA V5 building blocks of the human body model and management standards can be established in a virtual environment digitized virtual human model, based on its mannequin database, can easily be generated directly each percentile male and female mannequin, which set up the body The method of the model, since it needs the measurement data greatly reduced, thereby reducing the human body model to establish the amount of time, material and financial resources, has great practical value.2. Drivers eyellipse and head profile envelope designMotorists eyellipse refers to the different body according to their wishes driver seat adjusted to the appropriate location, and the normal seated driving position, the position of their eyes statistical distribution pattern in the vehicle coordinate system. Eyellipse established as the driver of automobile vision capability provides a scientific vision of the origin of benchmarks for measuring and evaluating the quality of the driver's field of vision provides an effective method. Eyellipse can use car windscreen defrosting site OK, OK car windshield shade band position and design car mirror position and vision checked, and so on.Head profile envelope refers to the different body occupant in a normal sitting position to sit right on its head (including hair) of the envelope, which is used to determine the occupants of the head space in the design. The space between the occupant's head and the body structure of activities for ensuring the occupant's head, and the head has the necessary buffer space is important in the bumps and roll and so on.Referring to SAE standard position of driver eye and head oval profile envelope surface by the pedal position, seat position reference point, the position of the steering wheel center constraints, that position eyellipses and head profile envelope will be with pedal , different seats and steering wheel position disposed correspondingly change. In order to be able to accurately and easily reflect these constraintsCoordinate positioning eyellipse and head profile envelope surface in automobile body coordinate system can be set up in the above-mentioned constraints CATIA V5 platform, based on its parametric design model to drive complete different percentile eyellipse and head profile establish envelope surface of the package. Parametric design is driven by the size and characteristics of the drive in the form of an independent geometric constraints and a certain function formula relation to product design. Therefore, by giving a different value for each ergonomic size, it can easily get a new position coordinates eyellipse and head profile envelope surface and a different three-dimensional eyellipse percentile and head profile envelope surface model, thus analysis and comparison of different size under the model to determine the optimal value, thereby greatly reducing the workload modeling and improve work efficiency.3. Driver's field of vision designThe driver has a good view of the cars is to ensure ease of manipulation and with the importance of safety conditions, depending on the field of vision of the position of the seat, the structure of the seat and backrest height and tilt angle, window size, shape and arrangement of pillars , hood and fender shapes, and so on. By eyellipse can design and check the driver's front and rear blind spot size, traffic lights vision and car windscreen squeegee device sweeps an area, but also be able to use eyellipses car dashboard and post calculation and blind check. When the cars with more than 80% of the traffic information is obtained by the driver's vision, so the use of the driver's field of vision eye ellipses design is important to guarantee the safety lane.4. Occupant's head and the car roof space arrangementHead space is the key to the overall arrangement of the general arrangement need to determine the size of the body, the method is used SgRP prevailing point of H61-1 and H61-2to judge the size of the head space. Head space, the greater the passengers in the car space, comfortDegree better, but the resulting total vehicle height greater flow line models will be destroyed, aerodynamic deteriorated. Currently, SgRP point rear seat and head profile envelope surface position after arrangement is completed, according to the effective headroom dimensions H61-1, H61-2 experience, taking into account the size of the Ukrainian head gap 8, H41-1, Ukraine 9, H41-2 combined with dynamic styling and aerodynamic requirements can be finalized car roof height. Meanwhile, the head profile envelope surface is after taking into account normal hair spatial statistics out, in determining the size of the head space also need to consider wearing a hat, car bumps, space crew headdress and normal activities require.5. CATIA knowledge engineering and parametric technologyIn the body during general arrangement, each member of the body is arranged to be understood as to satisfy certain constraints (such as internal body size, passenger space, parts and accessories positional parameters, etc.), its program arrangement optimization process, requiring to be checked arrangement, consultation and modify repeated. If you modify each program must change the overall layout model the entire body, then it will undoubtedly take enormous time and energy, affecting the progress of the vehicle design. Because of this, CATIA V5 knowledge engineering and parametric design technology reflects its great value.CATIA V5 can be "knowledge" to the parameters, formulas, rules, checks, design tables and other forms. In the product design process, all product-related information collected, such as industry standards, corporate standards, design specifications, dimensions associated size constraints, features related design experience, material requirements, manufacturing processes and similar products to be classified information, , abstract and improve the composition of a product design knowledge base, by the definition reflect the product characteristics of knowledge between dependency and constraint knowledge rules relationships form the basis of the knowledge driven product design to achieve product parameters, intelligent design .Parametric design is driven by the size of the graphics driver or modify drawing state inthe graphic design, the main idea is to use geometric constraints, engineering equations and relationships to describe the shape characteristics of the product model. CATIA V5 parametric design layout to achieve a total body size is automatically updated and optimized to avoid duplication of work, it is the product variability, reusability, parallel design provide means by which designers can easily change models generate serialization products, improve production efficiency.6. ConclusionErgonomics is the physiological and psychological characteristics of people, studies the people, machines, relationships and interactions of environmental laws in order to optimize the man-machine system of a discipline whose goal is to make people feel that the use of a mechanical process safe, healthy, comfortable and efficient. By the ergonomics theory and CATIA V5 knowledge engineering and parametric technology, reducing the previous model Work positioning and reduce errors by hand drawing model diagram caused, shorten design cycles, reduce design costs; theory based on ergonomics to CATIA V5 as a tool for the average car driver seat arrangement method, eyellipses and the importance of head profile envelope surface of the application as well as knowledge engineering and parametric design technology in general arrangement design has also been discussed and studied.基于人机工程学的车身设计现代轿车设计强调以人为中心，安全性、舒适性一直是轿车设计的主题和追求的目标，而舒适性、安全性直接与人相关，所以研究人机工程学在汽车上的应用越来越受到重视。

Ergonomics and DesignModern high-tech society of rapid development, is gradually changing to the production of human life in every aspect the display of human greatness and strength to conquer unparalleled wisdom, but it has brought new human anguish and anxiety That is the feeling of loneliness, alienation and emotional imbalance. In a high-tech society, people would seek a balance -- a high-tech and high emotional balance, A high and high human rational balance. Technology progressed, the greater the desire to balance strong. So John that : "No matter where needed compensatory high emotion. Our high-tech society more We hope to create more high emotional environment, the techniques used to balance the software side of rigid side, " Such emotion and humanity to achieve balance, and human life as closely related to the design of the responsibility.Goods modeling and ergonomics is combined. They can be described as : Center for psychological, physiological radius, used to establish and things (products) harmonious relations between the way to maximize the potential of excavation, a comprehensive and balanced use of muscle energy, the protection of human health, and thereby increase productivity. From the context of industrial design, the big aerospace systems, urban planning, infrastructure construction, factory automation, mechanical equipment, transport, small furniture, clothing, stationery and flower pots, cups, bowls and chopsticks production, such as the creation of life with the "objects" in the design and manufacture must take the "human factor" as an important condition to consider. If the product categories divided into professional supplies and general supplies, professional supplies in ergonomics, on the other hand, there will be more consideration, It relies a lot on the level of physiology; and general products it must balance the psychological problems need more aesthetic and the design trend, which is to be the product of human nature-based demand.Ergonomics application areas :1 computer terminal : Design and layout : computer products and peripherals design and layout, computer terminal workstations, display equipment and rules of the screen health and safety, ergonomic office environment;2 industrial design application, "Information design and market / user research, medical equipment, seating comfort and design study seating design and classification, classification and selection of furniture;3 man-machine interface design and evaluation : the man-machine interface design and development, knowledge systems, man-machine interface forms, HCI/MMI prototype GUI prototype4 computer terminals : Design and layout : computer products and peripherals design and layout, computer terminal workstations, display equipment and rules of the screen health and safety, ergonomic office environment;5 office ergonomics and design : office automation, office equipment and office design, layout and ergonomics;other special ergonomic applications : nuclear energy, the military man-machine engineering, process control, cultural surveys and research methods Automatic Speech Recognition；,Many aspects of the application of ergonomics.Well, for a product is how to evaluate it in ergonomics standard with regard? Germany design center, for example, in selecting the annual quality products, ergonomic set on the following criteria :1) products and human dimensions, shape and strength match;2) the product is easy to manage and make good use;3) to prevent the use of operator injury and accidents at the wrong time with the danger;4) the practical operation of the units; placement of the components on the significance of it can no doubt be identified and tracked;5) whether or not the products to facilitate cleaning, maintenance and repair.So-called ergonomics, which is the application of anthropometry, the human body mechanics, work physiology, working on the fields of psychology research methods, the human body structure and function characteristics, Body parts of the size, weight, body surface area, density, the focus of some of the human activities in the mutual relations and the scope of the human and structural characteristics of parameters; also part of the human effort, the scope of its activities, movement speed, movement frequency, focus changes and movements of human habits function parameters, the analysis of the visual, auditory, Skin Sense and sensitivity, and other sensory characteristics of function; Analysis of labor in the various physiological changes, energy consumption, The mechanism of fatigue on various labor load adaptability; To investigate the impact of the work of psychological factors and psychological factors on the efficiency of the impact.Ergonomics Research content and design disciplines for the role can be summarized as the following :Industrial design considerations "human factors" for the human scale parameters : anthropometry, human biomechanics, physiology, psychology and other disciplines of study to human muscle structure and characteristics can be studied with parts of the human body, the size, body weight, body surface area, density, the focus of some of the human activities in the mutual relations and the scope and structure of the human body such as the characteristic parameters for each part of human hair of the scope, the scope of activities,movement speed, frequency, the focus changes when he inertia and dynamic parameters of the visual, auditory, tactile, and olfactory sensory muscular limbs, which can be analyzed in the labor physiological changes, energy consumption, fatigue and work load of various adaptations, investigate the psychological impact of the work of the state, and psychological factors on the efficiency of the impact. Ergonomic research, industrial design fully consider "human factors" for the human scale structure, physiological criteria and the psychological scales, and other data, such data can be effectively applied to the industrial design.Industrial design "products" function that provides a reasonable scientific basis : a modern industrial design, If pure functional material creative activities without considering the needs of ergonomics, it will be creative activities failure. Therefore, how to solve the "product" and people related to the function of the optimization, created with the physiological and psychological muscle coordination can be the "product", which will be contemporary industrial design, in a functional issue a new topic. Ergonomic principles and laws of the designer before the design consideration.Ergonomics notable feature is that the serious study of the human-machine, the three elements of the environment itself on the basis of characteristics, not simply focus on the individual elements of the fine or not, but would use "objects" and designed "objects" and with "objects" by the coexistence of the environment as a system to study . Ergonomics in the system will be known as "-- machines -- environmental system." The system, man-machine-environment interactions between three elements, interdependent relationship determines the overall system performance. The subject of man-machine system design theory is that the scientific use of the three elements of the organic links between the search for the best system parameters. The general design approach is usually clear in the whole system under the prerequisite that will focus on analyzing and studying the people and the airplane, Environment three elements of the system's overall performance, such as aircraft systems and the division of functions; tie; how to adapt to the environment; Machines on what is the impact on the environment and other issues, through constant revision and perfecting the three elements of the structure, ultimately ensure that the optimum combination is achieved. This is the ergonomics of the Industrial Design opened up new ideas, and offers a unique design methods and theory.Design and ergonomics of the arts and cultural atmosphere and man-machine interface using inexpensive to make products more user - in the human self-transformation gradually returning to the material world, to gradually create a human living space of their own.Design elements of the modeling for the design concerns the most important aspect The essence of design and characteristics must pass some form of which is clear, specific,to fruition. In the past, for a very long time it was known industrial design as "the industrial images," although not very scientific and norms, However, the number of shows in the design modeling of the importance and attention was. "Product Semantics," Modeling has become an important symbol. Italian designers stalled Kosovo roots in the 1980s designed Bra chairs, the chairs using the traditional structure, However, it covers the use of soft and full of design curves of the female body shape, and people get comfortable and soft to the imagination. very interesting. The design and colors have to rely on themselves to form can exist, we must shape if it is a reflection of specific significance. But color is a specific configuration and integration, it will have a very strong feeling and color features and a powerful spiritual impact. Contemporary American visual arts psychologists Mexico said : "various colors to arouse emotions and express their feelings, even affect our normal physiological feelings. " So is the general aesthetic color most commonly in the form of colors design humanized expression of the important factors. Bauhaus modern design uphold the tradition of modernist design, mostly black, white, gray and other colors of the neutral expression of language, reflect a calm, rational product characteristics. Modern Design strongly opposed empty and the few decorations, decorative anti-known. However, in line with mechanized technology for large-scale production, under the premise of the decorative design can really increase the taste and character. enable design at T. J. Modern designers often use industrial design or add natural materials, through material adjustment and changes to increase natural amenities or the sentimental mood to create a strong emotional response.Modern methods of production have a standardized design and process requirements on the design of spectrum and type series. Its purpose is to seek to design and the use of standardized mass production design means, to achieve reunification of the normative sense of beauty and order. Product design must see clearly the development of science and technology trends, pay close attention to new theories, new technologies, new processes, the emergence of new materials should be used as much as possible. full play to advanced scientific and technological research results into practical function of the value of the media, design aesthetic characteristics of the times and cultural inclinations products. Design products with the conditions of the times and social environment and social and psychological accordingly to reflect the change is inevitable. Research and forecast the trend of this change, tend to grasp the design and characteristics of the designer is extremely important. Because of all the world's countries and regions, the nation's geographical location and the environment, political and economic conditions, Cultural traditions and beliefs of different cases have developed its own unique character, hobbies, interests, habits and the pursuit This requires different branches of product design with different art forms and styles, corresponding to the formation of a nation's character.Design is to take the initiative to understand the user's present and future needs, and attention to the different needs of different levels, constantly designed to meet the different needs of various user products.Design is a kind of people's thinking of the form, Design is all the beautiful creatures entrusted to be the purpose and achievement, and outstanding design is the embodiment of truth, virtue and beauty. Designed to function from the past to meet the increased further to the right person in the spiritual care, which is designed into the culture, increase the value-added products of the culture of lies, this is the responsibility of the designer. With the level of human understanding gradually improved, deepened and increased human knowledge will be the "realm of necessity" to the "realm of freedom", which is the development of knowledge essential law. And the design of mankind will inevitably raise their awareness to a higher level, that the human society has been pursued by the idealistic, the arts and the way of living creatures, to consciously or unconsciously, by the pursuit of material needs of both the main and the main pursuit of the spirit of enjoyment. Design of the continuous development and improvement in the process that is the understanding, thinking and feeling constantly improve the process, human design is the emotional, cultural and ethical spirit of the mapping. Design is no "intelligence" and there is "sentimental". "Intelligence" that the mapping of the human ordinary design; Design is no life. Also have life, "life" that contains a human right in the design and use of the process. All human societies have been hallmarks of the human spirit awareness of the brand, the design is no exception. Let me quote a designer of the United States said the timing to end this paper : "People always think that the design of 3-D : aesthetic, technology and the economy, but more important is the fourth dimension : human nature. "人机工程学与造型设计现代社会高科技的迅猛发展，正逐步改变着人类生产生活的方方面面，在展示人类伟大的征服力量和无与伦比的聪明才智的同时，也带给人类新的苦恼和忧虑，那便是人情的孤独、疏远和感情的失衡。

建筑空间设计与人体工程学（英文中文双语版优质文档）With the continuous development of architectural technology, the design of architectural space is no longer simply a matter of satisfying the aesthetic appearance of the building, but from the perspective of ergonomics, to design a more ergonomic architectural space to improve people's comfort sense and health. In this article, we will delve into the relationship between architectural space design and ergonomics.1. What is ergonomics?Ergonomics is a discipline that studies the relationship between the human body and the surrounding environment. It mainly studies the interaction between the human body and the working environment, working equipment, products, services, etc., in order to improve people's comfort and work efficiency. Purpose.Ergonomics mainly studies the characteristics of the human body in terms of physiology, psychology, society, and culture, and explores the relationship between the human body and the environment. Its core is to establish an environment and equipment suitable for the characteristics of the human body, so that the human body can better adapt to the surrounding environment and improve comfort and production efficiency.2. Ergonomic requirements for architectural space designIn architectural space design, ergonomics is mainly reflected in the following aspects:1. Conforming to the structure of the human bodyArchitectural space design must conform to the characteristics of human body structure, such as height, body shape, field of view and so on. For example, the height of human eyes is generally about 1.2 meters, so in interior design, the installation height of lighting fixtures should generally be about 1.8 meters, so as to better ensure the comfort and practicality of lighting.2. Comfort and safetyArchitectural space design must consider human comfort and safety. For example, in public places, people need to walk around, so the material of the ground should have a certain friction to prevent people from slipping. In addition, environmental factors such as room temperature, humidity, and light also need to take into account people's comfort.3. FlexibilityArchitectural space design must have flexibility to adapt to the needs of different groups of people. For example, if there are old people and children in the family, it is necessary to consider their physical condition and mobility and design a building space that can facilitate their activities.4. Easy to maintain and cleanThe architectural space design should also take into account the ease of maintenance and cleaning. For example, in places that are easy to get dirty, such as kitchens and bathrooms, the floor and wall materials should be made of easy-to-clean materials to facilitate daily maintenance and cleaning.5. AestheticsThe aesthetics should also be considered in the design of architectural space, but the aesthetics cannot be at the expense of ergonomic requirements. Therefore, in the design, it is necessary to fully consider the aesthetics and artistry of the building on the premise of ensuring ergonomics.3. The application of ergonomics in architectural space design1. Interior lighting designIndoor lighting design is a very important link in architectural space design, which directly affects people's visual experience and comfort. In interior lighting design, the visual needs and habits of the human body should be considered, and parameters such as the appropriate type of lamp, color temperature and brightness of the light source should be selected to improve people's visual experience and comfort.2. Stair designStair design is also a very important link in architectural space design, which is related to the safety and comfort of the human body. In the design of stairs, the stride and height of the human body should be considered, and parameters such as the height, depth and inclination of the stairs should be selected to ensure the safety and comfort of people's actions.3. Air quality controlAir quality has a great impact on human health. In the design of architectural space, the issue of air quality control should be taken into consideration. For example, the setting and operation of the ventilation system should be fully considered in the design to ensure good air quality.4. Bathroom designBathroom design is a very important link in architectural space design, which is related to the hygiene and comfort of the human body. In the bathroom design, the hygienic needs and physical activity ability of the human body should be considered, and parameters such as the size of the bathroom, equipment placement and ventilation system should be selected to ensure people's hygiene and comfort.4. ConclusionArchitectural space design is inseparable from ergonomics, and ergonomics is an important part of architectural space design. In the design, from the perspective of ergonomics, consider the requirements of human body structure, comfort, safety, flexibility, easy maintenance and cleaning, and aesthetics, so as to improve people's comfort and health. In the actual design process, architects need to comprehensively consider a variety of factors, such as the use purpose of the building space, user characteristics and needs, environmental conditions, feasibility and cost, etc., in order to achieve a balance point that satisfies ergonomics requirements, but also has aesthetics and artistry. At the same time, architects also need to continuously learn and research the latest achievements and applications of ergonomics, and continuously improve and perfect the architectural space design to improve people's quality of life and happiness.随着建筑技术的不断发展，建筑空间设计已经不再是单纯的满足建筑外观美观的问题，而是要从人体工程学角度出发，设计出更符合人体工程学的建筑空间，以提高人们的舒适感和健康程度。

南京理工大学泰州科技学院毕业设计(论文)外文资料翻译学院(系)：机械工程学院专业：姓名：学号：外文出处：Profession English for Industrial(用外文写)Engineering, 181-190附件：1.外文资料翻译译文；2.外文原文。

附件1：外文资料翻译译文人机工程学1 简介1.1人机学的定义在试图定义人机学之前，我们有必要了解一下这个术语。

美国和其他小部分国家通常使用“人机学”。

尽管“工效学”在美国也使用，但在欧洲和世界其他地区更为流行。

一些人曾试图去区别这两个术语，但我们认为任何区分都过于武断。

在所有的实际应用中，这两个术语是同义词。

另一个偶尔看到的术语（尤其在美国军方）是人类工程学。

但这个术语学术界不太爱用，而且使用的越来越少。

最后，工程心理学这些术语被美国的一些心理学家所使用。

一些人将工程心理学视为是涉及人类能力和极限的基础研究，而人机学则更多地和信息在产品设计中的应用相关，并以此将两者区别。

无需足够的解释，并不是所有人都同意这种区别。

我们将通过人机学所关注的重点、目标以及方法来对其进行定义。

1.2 人机学的关注重点人机学关注的是人以及人和产品、设备、设施、程序和环境在工作和日常生活中的交互。

其重点是人（这与工程学相反，工程学则更多地强调纯粹技术工程上的因素）和产品设计对人的影响。

因此，人机学寻求改变人们使用的东西和使用这些东西的环境，以便使它们更好地符合人的能力、极限和需求。

1.3 人机学的目标人机学主要有两个目标。

第一个是提高工作和其他活动的实施效力和效率。

这里包括提高使用的便捷性，减少错误和提高生产率。

第二个目标是加强某些有力的人类价值，包括提高安全度，减少疲劳和压力，增加舒适度，加大使用者的接受程度，提高工作满意度和改善生活质量。

看起来要同时达到上述各种目标是很困难的，但Chapanis（1983）提出，有两点可以帮助我们达到目标。

第一，在特定的应用中，只有一个子集的目标在特定的应用中通常是最重要的。