非谓语动词考点总结归纳
非谓语动词包括不定式，动名词和分词。它们是高中所学的基础语法，也是高考必考内容。既是高考的难点又是高考的热点。真正领悟非谓语动词的用法要具备以下基础知识：
①具有句子结构的知识，会分析句子成分。
②具有简单句最基本的五种句型的知识，要分得清双宾语和复合宾语。
③具有扎实而丰富的动词知识，要分得清及物动词和不及物动词。
④具备各种复合句的知识，能够拆析复合句和长难句。
1．三种非谓语动词的构成及变化形式。
不定式主动被动
To do To be done
一般形式（本身包含将去做
的含义）
进行形式To be doing --------------
完成形式To have done To have been done
动词的ING 形式主动被动
Ving Being Ved
一般形式（本身包含正在进
行的含义）
完成形式Having Ved Having been Ved
●过去分词done （无变化）
●所有非谓语动词的否定形式都是把否定副词not,never放在非谓语动词的前面。
2. 三种非谓语动词形式句法功能比较
功能
主宾表定状补
种类
不定式√√√√√√
动名词√√√√
分词√√√√
考点一：非谓语作主语。
1. 在很多情况下没有明显的不同. Seeing is believing.=To see is to believe.
2. 不定式做主语表示某一次具体的,特定的或有待实现的动作, 而动名词则表示通常的情况.
eg:To tell him the truth would be the best. / Painting is an art.
动词不定式（短语）作主语时，另一种形式是在句首用先行代词it作形式主语，而将动词不定式（短语）移到谓语之后作真正主语。用于这种形式是一些特定形容词，动词和名词
1)形容词作表语It is adj/n.(for sb.) to do sth. （常见的形容词是：necessary,important,possible等）
It is adj./n.(of sb.) to do sth. (常见的形容词是clever,stupid,foolish,wise,cruel等)
2)常见的动词有：require, cost, amuse, delight, annoy等
eg: It takes much time to do sth./ It didn’t occur to me to ask him to help me.
3)一些名词作表语
eg: It seems a pity to waste them./It is a great pleasure to do this./It is a good idea to think this way
动名词做主语时常用的句型有：
It is nice doing sth./It’s foolish doing sth./It is useless doing that/It’s a waste of time doing this.
/It’s worth one’s while doing sth./ It’s no good (use) doing that.
It’s an awful job doing this. /It’s fun doing this.
There is/ was no sense in doing/no point in doing
考点二：非谓语动词作宾语详细见5+3 P70-72页
补充:1.begin和start在下列三种情况下, 通常跟不定式, 不跟动名词
1) 当begin和start的主语是无生命之物时. eg: Snow began to melt.
2) 当begin和start用于进行时时. eg: He is beginning to study English.
3) 当begin和start后面跟着一些表示心理状态的词时. eg: I began to believe his story.
2. be afraid to do 不敢去做…… be afraid of doing 害怕发生某事
3. be sure to do 一定会…… be sure of doing 确信会……
eg: Tom is sure to pass the exam.(说话人的看法, 认为Tom 一定会考试通过.)
Tom is sure of passing the exam. ( Tom 对自己通过考试很有把握.)
考点三：非谓语动词作表语
不定式、动名词、分词做表语：
1.不定式做表语常表示谓语动词所表示动作之后发生的动作。不定式一般紧跟在系动词如: be, seem, remain,
appear等后面, 用来说明主语的内容。这类结构中的主语一般为名词，如：idea, purpose, hope, plan, intention,wish, dream, etc. eg. My purpose is to teach them a lesson.
●有时句子主语也可以是不定式或名词性从句。
eg:To be strict with students is to be responsible for them.
What I want to do is (to )tell you the truth. 如果主语中含有do的任何形式, 那么不定式可以省去to.
2. 动名词做表语是对主语内容的解释，这时主语与表语位置可互换，动名词常用于口语中。
Its full-time job is laying eggs.
3. 分词做表语:
现在分词作表语:一般表示主动或主语的性质和特征, “令人……”的, 主语多数情况是sth.
过去分词作表语: 一般表示被动或说明主语情感心理上的感受, “感到……的”,主语多数是sb.
exciting, excited/annoying, annoyed /amazing, amazed /boring, bored/confusing, confused/
encouraging, encouraged /embarrassing, embarrassed /frightening, frightened等
考点四：非谓语动词作宾语补足语详细见5+3 P68-70页
补充：1.动词+宾语+不带to的不定式: 常用动词: feel (一感) ; hear, listen to(二听); make, let, have(三让); see, watch, observe, notice, look at(五看);help(半帮助,可带to或不带to)etc.
注意一：但改为被动语态时，不定式要加to.
注意二：一定要注意动词与宾语直接的主动还是被动关系make oneself understood/heard
解题技巧：牢记固定搭配，辩逻辑关系。不定式和分词作宾语补足语是考察的重点还要仔细分析非谓语所表示的动作与谓语动作发生的先后问题。
●固定句型sb/sth be said/believed/ reported/ considered/ thought to do /to be doing /to have done 要分清
eg. Robert is said _______ abroad, but I don’t know what country he studied in.
A. to have studied
B. to study
C. to be studying
D. to have been studying
考点五：非谓语动词作定语详细见5+3 P67-68页
解题诀窍：找所修饰的词，辩逻辑关系，析动作先后
与被修饰的名词或代词是主动关系与被修饰的名词或代词是被动关系
正在进行doing being + done
将要去做to do to be done
已经完成无done
考点六：非谓语作状语详细见5+3 P66-67页
非谓语动词作状语1)多表示伴随状态，或事情发生的原因，结果，时间，条件等。作状语
