选择性必修二Unit3重点语法：过去完成时

英语：Unit 3 《Amazing people》 Grammar过去完成时过去完成时(The past perfect tense)含义：过去完成时可以表示过去某一时刻或某一动作之前完成的动作或呈现的状态。

也就是说发生在“过去的过去”。

构成： had＋done 被动式： had been done时间状语法：当状语从句中出现by、by the end of +过去的时间，主句一般用过去完成时1)He ________ (wash) all the clothes by 6:00 this morning.2) By the end of last month, I ________ (read) three books.3) By the 1987, he __________ (work) in this school句型法：1）主语+过去完成时+when / before/by the time 引导的从句（从句用1）The thieves _______ (run) away, when the police arrived.2）I had brushed my teeth, before he ______ (get) up.3）I __________ (finish) my homework by the time I had supper.2）This/ It was the first/ second ….time+ that 从句（从句用过去完成时）This /It is the first/ second ……time + that从句（从句用现在完成时）1）That was the second time that she _________ (see) her grandfather.2）It was the second time I __________(visit) Shanghai.1. 主语＋had＋hardly(scarcely)＋过去分词＋when(before)＋主语＋一般过去时。

过去完成时用法详解概念引入：过去完成时是一种在高中阶段非常常见而且非常重要的时态。

同学们很容易将它和一般过去时以及现在完成时混淆。

这篇导学就帮助同学们解决这个问题。

语法讲解过去完成时的概念与结构特点概念：过去完成时表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已经发生或完成了的动作，即“过去的过去（past-in-the-past ）”。

----|-------------------------- |-------------------------------|---------------------------->那时以前那时现在构成：过去完成时由“助动词had + 过去分词”构成，其中had 通用于各种人称。

They had already had breakfast before they arrived at the hotel.She had finished writing the composition by 10: 00 this morning.过去完成时的判断依据由时间状语来判定一般说来，各种时态都有特定的时间状语。

与过去完成时连用的时间状语有：1. by + 过去的时间点。

如：I had finished reading the novel by nine o'clock last night.2. by the end of + 过去的时间点。

如：We had learned over two thousand English words by the end of last term.3. before + 过去的时间点。

如：They had planted six hundred trees before last Wednesday.由“过去的过去”来判定过去完成时表示“过去的过去”，是指过去某一动作之前已经发生或完成的动作，即动作有先后关系，动作在前的用过去完成时，在后的用一般过去时。

Unit3 Discovering Useful Structures and Listening and Talking 语法-精讲破过去完成时及其被动语态过去完成时表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已完成的动作（即“过去的过去”）。

过去完成时由“had+过去分词”构成，其被动形式为had been done。

常用过去完成时的几种情况：观察1By the end of last year，we had produced 20，000 cars. The train had left before we reached the station.Had the new plan been discussed before the meeting？By the time he got to the school，the first period had been finished.It was the third time that he had been out of work that year.I had finished reading the novel by nine o’clock last night.归纳1过去的时刻常用包含①等的介词短语或时间状语从句来表示，过去完成时常用于表示在此之②已完成的动作，即③，还可表示从过去某一时间开始一直延续到过去另一时间的动作或状态。

观察2We had hoped that you would come，but you didn’t.I had thought we might travel as far as Oak Valley，but we only managed the first lap of the journey.I had wished festival activities should attract her, but these didn’t work.归纳2表示④的希望、打算、意图、诺言等常用had hoped/planned/meant/intended/thought/wanted/expected等。

Module 3MusicI、WordsII. Words and Key Use1、go作系动词的用法系动词：1、am、is、are、was、were2、look、seem、taste、sound、feel、smell3、表变化的单词：turn、become、go变成、get、fall4、Remain=keep=stay保持turn out=prove证明用法：1、+adj 2、+从句3、+to do 4、+名词词组系动词不能接副词造句：This is a completely different experience。

This thing is particularly 尤其important 。

It looks as if仿佛it is going to rain.My goal is to go to a key university.The old man goes crazy.The environment is getting dirtier and dirtier.2、audience集体名词表示由个体组成的集体，是一群人或某事物的总称。

3、原文：Beethoven became very popular in the Austrian capital and stayed there for the rest of life.The rest用法：语法填空the restEasy Ways to Build VocabularyIt’s not all that hard to build an advanced and large vocabulary. Like many things in life, it’songoing process, and the best part of the process is that there’s enough room for improvement, means you’ll just keep getting better and better. Of course you have to work at it. You wouldn’t think that a few (month) of exercise in your teens would be enough the rest of your life, and that’s also true for building your vocabulary—you have to keep at it daily, and pretty soon you will find that you have an excellent vocabulary.One of the (effect) ways to build vocabulary is to read good books. You need to (real)read at least one good book a week, preferably a classic. This isn’t as hard as it (sound), and it is far better than any other method because you improve your vocabulary while (read) an interesting piece of literature. Another nice thing is that you learn both new words and (they)use unconsciously, meaning that you will tend to use the words (learn)this way in conversations almost automatically.4、原文：Having worked there for 30 years，Haydn moved to London，where he was very successful.复习现在分词作状语Doing作状语，表示的动作是主语动作的一部分，与谓语表示的动作是同时发生；而Doing的完成时形式Having done作状语表示的动作先于谓语动作翻译下列句子：（1）做完作业后，我回家。

人教版选择性必修第二册知识点汇总Unit 1 Science And Scientists ........................................................................................... - 1 -Unit 2 Bridging Cultures ................................................................................................. - 22 -Unit 3 Food And Culture ................................................................................................. - 45 -Unit 4 Journey Across A Vast Land ................................................................................. - 66 -Unit 5 First Aid ................................................................................................................ - 85 -Unit 1 Science And Scientists原文呈现JOHN SNOW DEFEATS “KING CHOLERA”Cholera used to①be one of the most feared diseases②in the world，until a British doctor，John Snow，showed how it could be overcome(1)．This illness causes severe diarrhoea③，dehydration，and even death.In the early 19th century，when an outbreak of cholera④hit Europe(2)，millions of people⑤died from⑥the disease.As a young doctor，John Snow became frustrated⑦because no one knew how to prevent or treat cholera(3)．In time⑧，he rose to become a famous doctor，and even attended to⑨Queen Victoria when she gave birth⑩(4)．However，he never lost his desire to destroy cholera once and for all ⑪.(1)until引导时间状语从句，其中how...be overcome为宾语从句。