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The function of the letter that Mr. Darcy wrote to Elizabeth after hisfailure of proposal[Abstract]: Under the influence of epistolary story, Letters are very important in the writing of Jane Austen’s Pride and prejudice. Among so many letters in the novel, the letter that Mr. Darcy wrote to Elizabeth after his proposal was rejected was a turning point of the plot of the whole story, showing the reader the real characteristics of the main character, promoting the sudden change of the romance between Mr. Darcy and Elizabeth Bennet, exciting the reader further more in the course of reading. [Keywords]: Pride and prejudice, letter, turning point1.IntroductionJane Austen was a famous English novelist whose works focused on women’s marriage and life. Her sensitivity to human emotion, her keen observation to life and her vivid language contribute to her success of writing. Pride and prejudice, one of her masterpieces, is a love story of a country gentleman’s daughter, Elizabeth Bennet, mirroring the reserved life of the Englishmen at the end of the 18th century to the beginning of the nineteenth century.Letter is the only way of communication apart from language communication. According to the existing literature, there are more than thirty letters in the novel [1], which play a significant role in the portrait of the characters, the development of plot and the transformation the point of view [2].The letter that Mr. Darcy wrote to Elizabeth after his failure of proposal is viewed as the most important letters in the novel. There is still little study about this letter, so this paper will explore the function of this letter in terms of portraying the characters and forwarding the plot to confirm the previous study by analyzing the letter in depth.2.Introduction the letterThe letter was given to Elizabeth by Mr. Darcy the following day of the failure his proposal. In the beginning of the letter, Mr. Darcy asked for Elizabeth’s pardon forthe bother brought by the letter. The letter consisted of two parts. The first part was Mr. Darcy’s explanation of his conduct of preventing the connection of Mr. Bingley and Jane, while the second part was Mr. Darcy’s description of the relationship between Mr. Wickham and Darcy’s family.3.The letter indirectly portrayed the characters.Actually, letter is the writing form of words [3], in which the character’s feature is implied. Mr. Darcy’s letter reflected that he was well-educated, arrogant, caring, kind-hearted, frank and intelligent.Well-educated Instead of coming straight to his point, he at first placated the potential alarm and unpleasure of Elizabeth, showing his gentility and courtesy. In the letter, he used formal language including relative clause, preposing structure [3]. E.g. I had, in defiance of various claims, in defiance of honour and humanity, ruined the immediate prosperity, and blasted the prospects of Mr. Wickham. -- Wilfully and wantonly to have thrown off the companion of my youth, the acknowledged favourite of my father, a young man who had scarcely any other dependence than on our patronage, and who had been brought up to expect its exertion…Arrogant From 1800 to 1830, a special type of men appeared in London. They dressed gracefully, behaved courteously, with a little blue facial expression; they were cold and poignant in their words; they had excellent temperament and intelligence; they made light of the bourgeoisie, considering them as ignorant and indelicate [2]. Mr. Darcy was one of them: he was well-born (which he was very proud of) and attached great importance to marrying a woman of his own class. What he could not bear most was the Bennet’s ungracious conduct, especially Elizabeth’s three younger sisters. In his eye, this kind of bourgeois family who were badly- educated, vulgar, passionate and direct (like animals) did not match his class at all. For him, etiquette was the standard of judging a person, even the standard of judging things and reason [2]. That was why he had tried his best to restraint his feeling towards Elizabeth.Caring As a friend of Mr. Bingley, he showed great concern over his love affair and marriage. He know Bingley very well, who he was tend to fall in love with awoman easily. When he found that this time Bingley was really in deep love with Jane and the neighbor were sure that the two would marry in the near future, Mr. Darcy decided to take action to protect Bingley from this kind of misfortunate connection because of Jane’s indifference and the Bennet’s ungraciousness. Then in London, he pointed out to his friend, “the certain evils of such a choice” and concealed from him Jane's being in town. He could not blame himself for having done this because he thought he was actually being a villain for the good of his friend. As the brother of Georgiana, he took good care of his much younger sister as a brother as well as a father, so he was annoyed when she was tempted to elope with the evil Mr. Wickham. He managed to stop the scandal from happening and prevented any public exposure for his sister's credit and feelings. When everything was over, he even did not want to remember this kind of offence to his dear sister.Kind-hearted Although Mr. Wickham was wild, vicious, greedy and unprincipled, even go against his own words, Mr. Darcy was still kind enough to satisfy Mr. Wickham’s will to exchange the reserved position of a clergyman with the freedom to study law and three thousand pounds.Frank Apparently, Mr. Darcy knew what he would present in the letter would more a less offend Elizabeth, he insisted on telling the truth. He co mplained of Jane’s indifference and “no participation of sentiment”, of the Benet’s misfeasance and rudeness, which were equal to speak ill of Elizabeth’s family in the face of her. At the same time he frankly acknowledged his great effort of refrained himself from falling in love with Elizabeth due to the situation of her family. He insisted his involvement in Mr. Bingley’s affair was nothing wrong and was also bold to confess only the conduct of concealing Jane’s being in town made him upset.Intelligent One the one hand, he was so observant that he could know black from white: he felt that this time Bingley’s love toward Jane was serious and sensed Jane’s disposition-though she was beautiful, well-behaved, cheerful, she looked indifferent to Bingley’s af fection, which at the very start annoyed Elizabeth but was actually the long-standing concern of Elizabeth over her sister. On the other hand, he was an expert in explaining. Knowing he was already misunderstood and disgusted byElizabeth, he did not speak in defense of himself directly. Instead, he told what he had done in the affair of Mr. Bingley and the story between his family and Mr. Wickham. Meanwhile, for Mr. Wickham, he pointed out that the truth of everything could withstand the testimony of Colonel Fitzwilliam, his near and intimate relative, one of the executors of his father's will, who was familiar with the truth of the matter.4.The letter forwarded the plot.Mr. Darcy’s arrogance and interference in Jane’s marriage disgusted Elizabeth very mu ch until Darcy’ proposal, however, they finally got married in the end of the story. How could that happened? The letter that Mr. Darcy wrote to Elizabeth after his failure of proposal played an important part in the forwarding of the plot [1]. Before Darc y’s proposal, Elizabeth disgusted him because he had pride in himself, looked down upon others, destroyed Mr. Wickham’s promising future, and most unbearably, he destroyed her dear sister, Jane’s happiness. Under these circumstances, Elizabeth was astonish ed by Mr. Darcy’s unexpected proposal. To her great surprise, he did not feel ashamed of what he had done to Jane and dared to criticize her family in that way. She could not help rereading the letter over and over again. At first, she refused to believe what he had said but she began to regain her rationality, considering there were some truths in his word about her badly-behaved family and she had jumped into the conclusion of Mr. Darcy’s disposition only out of Mr. Wickham’s a one-sided statement. However, the letter pushed her to reflect and explore herself. She gradually sprouted a kind of complicated emotion: compassion for Mr. Darcy’s on his dilemma-getting close to her or staying away her family, appreciation for his affection, respect for his kindness and so on. In the meanwhile, she grew shamed of her own blindness and prejudice and afraid to meet Mr. Darcy again. At the sight of Lady Catherine, she even had such idea that if she had accepted her proposal, then she would be her future niece. When visiting the Pemberley with Mr. and Mrs. Gardiner, she kept imaging how wonderful her life would be, if she were the mistress of the Pemberley. To sum up, the letter not only explained Jane’s and Mr. Wickham’s affair by Mr. Darcy’s own words but also paved t he way for the further development of theirrelationship [4].5.ConclusionJane Austin was clever at using the letter, which came at the right time to make her novel more readable and dramatic. When Mr. Darcy’ proposal was rejected relentlessly, the readers who are looking forward to their romance from the very beginning of the story actually begin to hold their breath and cannot wait to turn over the following pages quickly to fulfill their curiosity about what would happen next. In this case, Jane Austin presented us an explanatory and emotional letter from Mr. Darcy in good time. As the turning point of the novel, the writer explained through Dr. Darcy what was remained vague in the previous chapter and foreshadowed the following plot. From this letter, the readers that misunderstand Mr. Darcy’s real nature start to remove their prejudice again Mr. Darcy, even gradually fall in love with him like Elizabeth.Bibliography[1] 耿妍.浅析《傲慢与偏见》中最重要的一封书信[J].时代文学,2009（24）:89—90.[2] 赵星.《傲慢与偏见》中书信的艺术价值[J].理论导刊,2008, (1): 126-128.[3] 罗杰鹦.对话的书面形式——小说《傲慢与偏见》中书信解读[J].浙江工业大学学报(社会科学版),2007, (2): 138-142[4] 陈莘.《傲慢与偏见》中的书信评述[J]. 学林漫录,2013(21):142-143。

期末作业考核《英语课程与教学论》满分100分I. Multiple ChoiceSelect the best answer for each of the questions, and there is only one correct answer to each question.（每题2分，1. Which expression is wrong about learning students' names? __________A. It shows students that the teacher is interested in them.B. It shows the teacher is responsible.C. The teacher could ask individual students to assist with demonstrations.D. The teacher could ask individual students to assist with equipment in the class.2. Among the following roles, which is not the traditional, fundamental role? __________A. participantB. assessorC. controllerD. organizer3. What kind of questions could be used to probe students’ existing knowledge ______.A. two or three open-ended questionsB. a handful of short-answer questionsC. ten to twenty multiple-choice questionsD. A B C4. In applied linguistics, Error Analysis (EA) deals with the study and analysis of the patterns of errors made by______.A. L2 learnersB. native learnersC. foreign learnersD. Chinese learners5. Traditional behaviorists believed that language learning is simply a matter of imitation and ___________formation.A. learningB. habitC. practiceD. knowledge6. Noam Chomsky claims that we are born with a set of rules about language in our heads which he refers to asthe ___________.A. Universal GrammarB. Communicative CompetenceC. grammatical competenceD. sociolinguistic competence7. Which one do you think is not the enabling objective________________.A. students will read and understand an airline scheduleB. students will successfully request information about airplane arrivals and departuresC. students will produce questions with when, where, and what timeD. students will produce appropriate polite forms of requesting8. Nowadays, teacher’s roles are not static. They change with the development of the society. With the implementation of the new English curriculum, teachers are expected to put on new roles except________________.A. facilitatorsB. guidesC. researchersD. assessor9. _______ seeks to describe existing patterns in the dataA. Experimental researchB. interviewsC. questionnairesD.Descriptive research10. _______ involves teachers identifying issues and problems relevant to their own classes.A. Literature reviewB. QuestionnaireC. Action researchD. Classroom observation11. The influence of the __________ is being felt in more and more areas and EFL is one of those areas which will be greatly influenced by it due to the fact that the majority it is in English.A.bookB. videoC. tapeD.internet12. Learning to use computers also provides a strong ______ for learning English.A.disobedienceB. loveC. intrinsic motivationD. extrinsic motivation13. Which of the following sentences perform the function “invitation”? ___________A. Pass the jam.B. Turn right at the corner.C. Try the smoked salmon.D. Come round on Sunday.14. ___________is often described as the music of speech-----the way the voice goes up and down as we speak.A. pitchB. intonationC. rhythmD. stress15. To make sure that the other speaker is paying attention to what you are saying, you need to make what you saysound more interesting. In the following expressions, which one can make one’s saying sound more interesting?________A. Did you hear what I said?B. What do you think?C. You’ll never believe this, but…D. What do you mean?16. Among the differences between spoken and written English, which one is the most striking difference?_________A. range of expressive possibilitiesB. feedbackC. need for accuracy17. The change from sentence to discourse is the change from learning language __________ to __________.A.In isolation; in contextsB.In isolation; in discourseC.In dependence; in contextsD.In dependence; in discourse18. __________ are descriptions of the steps a learner must take in order to achieve the objective.A.GoalsB.DifficultiesC.AimsD.Skills19. The term "interlanguage" was first coined by the American linguist, _______.A. Noam ChomskyB. BloomfieldC. B.F. SkinnerD. Larry,Selinker20. What Krashen and Terrell emphasize in their approach is the primacy of _____.A. formB. vocabularyC. meaningD. phoneticsII. Multiple Choice （每题2分，共20分）1. Before asking students questions, which aspects should teacher consider about? __________A. the answer to the questionB. purposes for the questioningC. effective questioningD. levels of questions2. Formative assessment techniques may include________.A. background knowledgeB. probe minute paperC. One-Sentence SummaryD. final achievement tests3. Effective teachers have command of at least three, broad knowledge bases that deal with ___________.A. subject matterB. human development and learningC. pedagogyD. healthy habit4. A typical class might be structured in the manner presented below________________.A. introductionB. inputC. interactionD. evaluationE. integration5. "Qualitative research is______________and______________A. not heuristicB. deductiveC. heuristicD. not deductive6. Research and practice suggest that, appropriately conducted, network-based technology can contribute significantly to learning in the following ways _________A. learning through experiencingB.motivated studentsC. authentic materialsD. interactionE. individualized learningF. global understanding7. Which of the following options are the ways to show the meaning of a structure visually? ___________ing the things in the classroom that the students can see.ing blackboard drawingC.think of a situation from outside the class, in which structure could naturally be usedD.explain the differences between structures8. In the following, which ones are the elements of a good writing assignment?________A. taskB. roleC. audienceD. purposeE. guidance9. Application of the preceding principles would result in more effective application of process-oriented approaches to writing, namely, __________.A.Students would be encouraged to choose their own topics whenever possible, and assignments would beexpanded to allow students' opinions and solutions to play a part.B.Teachers would become interested readers and skilled editors of students' writing, not just evaluators.C.Emphasis would shift from students' knowledge about writing to strategies and procedures they need todeal with more and more challenging tasks.D.following a natural sequence of thought that helps students learn useful approaches to the task10. The cognitive language learning activities may include: ________A. Thinking about grammarB. Reading for meaningC. Writing compositionsD. Reading aloudE. Listening for ideasIII. True or FalseDecide whether each of the following statements is True(T) or False(F). （每题1分，共10分）1. A teacher should always be full of vigor, in high spirits in class, even though indisposed or tired he or she may be feeling.2. Teacher can use assign brief in-class writing assignments toassess student’s understanding.3. The behaviorists’ view is that langua ge develops as a result of the complex interplay between the uniquely human characteristics of the child and the environment in which the child develops.4. The discerning teacher with time to spare can move around the material selecting what she wants to use and discarding parts of the units that seem to her to be inappropriate.5. Questionnaire provides in-depth information about a particular research issue or question.6. While students involved in network-based learning seem to enjoy it, only when we are familiar with the services the net offers can we make full use of it.7. Often the vowel in the unstressed syllables is pronounced as /ɜ/or /i:/, they are called reduced vowels.8. The second important factor in writing exercises is that students need to be personally involved in order to make the learning experience of lasting value.9. The general aim of language teaching is to develop students’ communicative competence and language awareness in essentials.10. In a long run, cognitive learning is effective. Learning with thinking improves ability.IV. Answer the questions （每题15分，共30分）1. What are the features of TBL?答：1. Authentic language materialsInductive reasoningNon-linguistic outcome Realistic situationMotivated students2. What are the principles of language learning and teaching?答：There are four principles of language learning and teaching. First, Shift from product to process, second, Shift from teacher-centeredness to learner-centeredness, third, Shift from explanation toexploration, and fourth, Shift from sentence to discourse.。

Unit 3Leonardo da Vinci, one of the greatest minds of the Italian Renaissance, is perhaps the most diversely talented person ever to have lived. A painter, sculptor, architect, mathematician, engineer, and inventor, he is famous for a wide range of accomplishments. His natural genius, which crossed multiple disciplines, won him the title of "Renaissance Master". Leonardo is renowned primarily as a painter. Among his works, the Mona Lisa is the best known and The Last Supper the most reproduced religious painting of all time. What make Leonardo's drawings unique are mainly his innovative techniques and acute scientific mind. Perhaps only 15 of his painting shave survived, partly because his constant experimentation with new techniques made his total output quite small. Although not a prolific(多产的)painter, Leonardo was a most productive draftsman, keeping journals full of sketches, drawings, and diagrams. These notebooks, often referred to as da Vinci's manuscripts, recorded his inventions, observations, and theories about everything that captured his attention. Leonard's genius made him a pioneer in almost every field of study he undertook. His paintings, together with his notebooks, have contributed significantly to the history of art.Ink and wash painting, one of the unique traditional art forms of China, is representative of Chinese painting. It began around the time of the Tang Dynasty, and then prospered in the Song and Yuan dynasties. With a history of over one thousand years, it has experienced constant development, improvement and perfection. The tools and materials used to create ink and wash painting, i.e. brushes, rice paper, and ink, are characteristic of Chinese culture and closely related to the features of the paintings. For example, the mixing of water and ink creates different shades of dryness, wetness, thickness and thinness. The integration and infiltration of water, ink, and rice paper enables such paintings to convey rich images, and hence to achieve unique aesthetic effects. Ink and wash painting holds a high status in the history of Chinese painting, and it is even regarded as the criterion to evaluate the artistic level of Oriental paintings.Unit 4Venice is the world's famous island city in northern Italy. Founded in the 5th century, Venice became a major maritime power in the 10th century. In the Middle Ages and the Renaissance, Venice was a major center for commerce and trade, and became an extremely wealthy European city, a leader in political and economic affairs. After several hundred years in power, Venice began to decline in the 15th century. Nowadays, it is regarded as one of the world's most beautiful cities and one of the most important tourist destinations in the world. Venice has a rich and diverse architectural style, the most famous of which is the Gothic style. Venice is also known for several important artistic movements in history, especially the Renaissance period. The influence of Venice on the development of architecture and arts has been considerable. Today, it is still playing an important role in contemporary arts and popular cultures. In 1987, Venice was listed as a World Heritage Site. In March 1980, Venice became a sister city of China's Suzhou City.Lijiang is a mountainous city in northwest Yunnan Province. The old town of Lijiang, located at the foot of Jade Dragon Snow Mountain, is a town of scenic beauty and known for its history and culture. It is also a well-preserved old town with features of ethnic minorities. The construction work of the old town was started from the Southern Song Dynasty about 800 years from now. Not only does Lijiang boast a long history, but also it boasts many ethnic minorities who make up over a half of the total population in the region. With the booming of Lijiang tourism, the old town of Lijiang is receiving a growing number of tourists from home and abroad. In December 1997, the old town succeeded in applying to be named a World Cultural Heritage Site, filling the gap of lacking a noted historical and cultural city in China on the World Cultural Heritage List.Unit 6Homer’s epics are said to be written by an an cient Greek blind poet Homer, who is revered as the greatest of ancient Greek epic poets. The epics include two great works of Greek history: the Iliad and the Odyssey. The two epics are the earliest works of Greek literature, and are among the greatest treasures of the ancient world, regarded by Westerners as the greatest epics in history. They have had an enormous influence on the history of literature and are of great value for the study of history, geography, archeology and folklore. Both the epics are divided into 24 volumes, the Iliad containing 15, 693 lines and the Odyssey 12, 11 lines. The Iliad is the oldest surviving work of Greek literature, which tells the story of the 10-year siege of the city of Troy. The Odyssey mainly centers on the Greek hero Odysseus and his journey home after the fall of Troy. Given the concise language, vivid plots and characters, Homer’s epics are great masterpieces of li terature and occupy an important position in the world literature history.The Art of War was written by Sun Wu, a famous ancient Chinese strategist. A classic work not only of military value but also of great philosophical significance, The Art of War is a precious heritage of brilliant ancient Chinese culture. Sun Wu disclosed in his book a series of military rules and principles, and put forward a complete system of military theory. His theory has been highly regarded by strategists since the Warring States Period and exerted strong impacts on their thought and practice. Moreover, it has yielded a worldwide influence in the field of military thought, enjoying extremely high prestige.Unit7The WTO, established on January 1, 1995, intends to supervise and liberalize international trade. The organization deals with regulation of trade between participating countries it provides a framework for negotiating and formalizing trade agreements, and a dispute resolution process aimed at enforcing participant's adherence (遵守) to WTO agreements, which are signed by representatives of member governments and ratified (批准) by their parliaments. The process of becoming a WTO member is unique to each applicant country, and the terms of accession are dependent upon the country's stage of economic development and current trade regime (体制)。

重点单词 popularity 单词popularity 联想记忆： popular流行+ity→大众性；流行 conclusion composition 单词composition 联想记忆： com一起+posit放+ion→放到一起→组合→作文；组合 entertainment 单词entertainment 联想记忆： enter在中间+tain拿住+ment→在[工作]中间拿→娱乐，款待 outline 单词outline 联想记忆： out外面+line直线，线条→外面的线→轮廓；大纲 minutes imitate experienced negative 单词negative 联想记忆： negat否认+ive表形容词→否认的 overwhelming 英语四级作文背诵范文： The Influence of Movies Nowadays, it seems that people are spending more and more time watching some sort of visual entertainment, whether it is television, a video tape or a DVD. There is no doubt that watching movies has become one of the main entertainments today and can influence the way that people behave. Therefore, the influence of movies cannot be ignored. 现如今，人们似乎把越来越多的时间花在观看某种视觉娱乐节目上，不管是电视、录影带或是DVD 。

毫无疑问，看电影已成为今天主要的娱乐方式之一，并且能影响人们的行为方式。

因此，电影的影响不容忽视。

2015年12月英语四级真题及答案1.They admire the courage of space explorers.They enjoyed the movie on space exploration.They were going to watch a wonderful movie.They like doing scientific exploration very much.2.At a gift shop.At a graduation ceremony.In the office of a travel agency.In a school library.3.He used to work in the art gallery.He does not have a good memory.He declined a job offer form the art gallery.He is not interested in any part-time jobs.4.Susan has been invited to give a lecture tomorrow.He will go to the birthday party after the lecture.The woman should have informed him earlier.He will be unable to attend the birthday party.5.Reward those having made good progress.Set a deadline for the staff to meet.Assign more workers to the project.Encourage the staff to work in small groups.6.The way to the visitor’s parking.The rate for parking in Lot C.How far away the parking lot is.Where she can leave her car.7.He regrets missing the classes.He plans to take the fitness classes.He is looking forward to a better life.He has benefited form exercise.8.A. How to ? work efficiency.B. How to select secretaries.C. The responsibilities of secretaries.D. The secretaries in the man’s company.Conversation 19.It is more difficult to learn than English.It is used by more people than English.It will be as commonly used as English.It will eventually become a world language.10.It has words words from many languages,Its popularity with the common people.The influence of the British Empire.The effect of the Industrial Revolution,11.It includes a lot of words form other languages.It has a growing number of newly coined words,It can be easily picked up by overseas travellers.It is the largest among all languages in the world. Conversation 212.To return some goods.To apply for a job.To place an order.To make a complaint.13. He has become somewhat impatient with the woman. He is not familiar with the exact details of goods.He has not worked in the sales department for long.He works on a part-time basis for the company.14.It is not his responsibility.It will be free for large orders.It costs 15 more for express delivery.It depends on a number of factors.15.Report the information to her superior.Pay a visit to the saleswoman in charge.Ring back when she comes to a decision.Make inquiries with some other companies.Section BPassage 116.No one knows exactly where they were ?No one knows for sure when thy came into being.No one knows for what purpose they were ?No one knows what they will ?17.Carry ropes across rivers.Measure the speed of wind.Pass on secret messages.Give warnings of danger.18.To protect houses against lightning.To test the effects of the lightning rod.To find out the strength of silk for kites.To prove the lightning is electricity.Passage 219.She enjoys teaching languages,She can speak several languages,She was trained to be an interpreter.She was born with a talent for languages.20.They acquire an immunity to culture shock.They would like to live abroad permanently.They want to learn as many foreign languages as possible. They have an intense interest in cross-cultural interactions.21.She became an expert in horse racing.She got a chance to visit several European countries.She was able to translate for a German sports judge.She learned to appreciate classical music.22.Taste the beef and give her comment.Take part in a cooking competition.Teach vocabulary for food in ?Give cooking lessons on ?Passage 323.He had only a third-grade education.He once threatened to kill his teacher.He grew up in a poor ?He often helped his24.Careless.Stupid.Brave.Active.25.Write two book reports a week.Keep a diary.Help with housework.Watch education??Section CWhen you look up at the night sky, what do you see? There are other… besides the moon and stars. One of the most 27___ of the …Comets were formed around the same time the Earth was formed. …and other frozen liquids and gases. 29___ these “dirty snow…” just as the planets do.As a comet get closer to the sun, some gases in it begin to unfreeze…particles form the comet to form a huge cloud. As the comet gets …wind blows the cloud behind the comet, thus forming its tail. The tail…(模糊的) atmosphere around a comet are 32____ that can help… in the night sky.In any given year, about a dozen known comets come close to … average person can’t see them all, of course. Usually there is only one … to be seen with 34___ eye. Comet Hale-Bopp, discovered… bright comet. Its orbit brought it 35___ close to the Earth, … But Hale-Bopp came a long way an its earthly visit. It won’t be back…or so.Part III Reading Comprehension (40 minutes)Section ADirections:In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks, You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.Questions 36 to 45 are based on the following passage.Scholars of the information society are divided over whether social inequality decreases or increases in an information-based society, However, they generally agree with the idea that equality in the information society is 36 different from that of an industrial society. As informatization progresses in society, the cause and structural nature of social inequality changes as well.It seems that the information society 37 the quantity of Information available to themembers of a society by revolutionizing the Ways of using and exchanging information. But such a view is a 38 analysis based on the quantity of information supplied by various forms of the mass media. A different 39 is possible when the actual amount of information 40 by the user is taken into account. In fact, the more information 41 throughout the entire society, the wider the gap becomes between "information haves" and "information have-nots," leading to digital divide.According to recent studies, digital divide has been caused by three major 42 classy, sex, and generation. In terms of class, digital divide exists among different types of workers and between the upper and middle classes and the lower class. With 43 to sex, digital divide exists between men and women. The greatest gap, however, is between the Net-generation, 44 with personal computers and the Internet, and the older generation, 45 to an industrial society.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。

1. How do you understand the sentence "No amount of rehearsal will help youcome up with the right answer" (Para. 2)?Reference:The sentence means that it is very difficult, or even impossible, for a man togive a right answer when a woman asks him how she looks, no matter howhard he thinks about it and how many different answers he tries.2. According to the text, in what way do men and women evaluate theirappearance differently?Reference:Men are satisfied with being average-looking, paying little attention to theirlooks. In contrast, women pay great attention to their body and image,considering their appearance as not good enough even if they are in factattractive.3. What causes women to be always dissatisfied with their looks?Reference:The interaction of many psychological and societal factors, for example, theirchildhood experiences with toys, and the influence of the media.4. In what way do the toys girls play with differ from those boys play with?Reference:Girls' toys are proportioned to have extreme measures of the body (e.g. interms of height, weight and waist size), whereas boys' toys can look weirdrather than handsome.5. What does the sentence "You could not imagine him saying to the others, ‘Is this accessory the right shade of violet for this outfit?'" (Para. 6) imply?Reference:It implies that men pay little attention to the details of their appearance.6. Why is the supermodel Cindy Crawford mentioned in Paragraph 7?Reference:Cindy Crawford is mentioned as an example to show that the beauty industry and the media have great influence on women's devotion to physical beauty and the use of beauty products.7. What is the author's attitude toward the claim that women care much about their appearance due to pressure from men?Reference:The author thinks that the claim is not right since men in fact pay little attention to the details of women's appearance.8. Why do women think that men are not qualified to judge whether a woman looks good or not?Reference:Women think so because men do not even care about their own appearance. For instance, a man often does not bother to clean the cream in his hair or ears after shaving.1. What are the factors that make women pay much greater attention to their appearance than do men?Reference:I think there are three main factors accounting for women's greater attention to appearance. The first are cultural traditions. It is common in many cultures that people put high value on beauty when they look at women. The second is the requirement of certain jobs. For example, in China airline companies set certain criteria for appearance (e.g. in terms of height and weight) when they recruit stewards and stewardesses. Finally, the influence of the media is another strong factor which shapes women's pursuit of physical beauty. There are a lot of advertisements of cosmetics and skincare products in various media such as TV, magazines and newspapers. They often havecelebrities as the spokesperson for the advertised products, which makes women have an illusion that they could look as good as those famous stars if they use the products. In short, these three factors exert immense influence on how women value appearance.2. Are there any occasions in life where it is necessary for a person, either a woman or a man, to look good? Why or why not?Reference:? Yes. On certain formal occasions, a person, either female or male, has to pay attention to his attire. Sample cases are job interviews, business meetings, weddings, and banquets. This is because to dress properly is an important element of successful completion of these events.? No. People do not have to care what others think of them as long as they feel comfortable and satisfied with their looks themselves. After all, this is the most important source of happiness to people.3. What do you consider as the most important traits that make a person beautiful?Reference:In my opinion, the important traits of human beauty include two types, one for appearance and one for inner qualities. Features that characterize a beautiful appearance are a good-looking body, proper clothes and accessories, as well as use of makeup that matches the occasion or event one is attending. Inner qualities that make a person beautiful mainly include good manners and positive personality traits such as honesty, bravery or friendliness.4. What do you think of the relationship between wearing makeup and female beauty? In other words, do women have to apply cosmetics in order to look beautiful? Why or why not?Reference:? Yes. Women should pay great attention to their appearance and hence need to wear makeup. This is because beauty is, believe it or not, usually an important quality for women to succeed, for example, when they want to look for a job or an ideal husband.? No. What really makes a person beautiful is inner beauty rather thanphysical appearance. A beautiful look can't last long, but inner beauty, for example, intelligence and honesty, may make a person successful andhappy throughout his life.5. If you were the head of a cosmetics company, how would you market orpromote a new product?Reference:I would market a new product by three means. First, I can ask a celebrity, for example a famous movie star or a supermodel, to be the brandspokesperson on TV. This is a common practice in the advertising industry,and I think it is very effective. Second, I will hire people to distribute flyersand give away free samples of the product on the streets, so the product can reach potential customers directly. In addition, I may post advertisements on public transportation vehicles such as buses and subways. In this way, the commercials can be seen by a large number of people.Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the form wherenecessary. Each word can be used only once.Done with this activity. Time submitted: 2017-03-07 21:43 (Tuesday)Your score: 0%1.We need to improve the quality of education so that our children willnot leave school (deficient)in literary and reasoning skills.2.In a society governed by the rule of law, every citizen is subjectto possible (prosecution)if he violates the law.3.The pay gap between average workers and top corporate officers hasled to pubic (outrage)as executives receive large packagesdespite falling share prices.4.The delicious meal (appeased)our hunger and made u s feel warmagain after having walked in the snow all day.5.The military insists on (conformity)in many areas, forexample, dress and haircut, with the primary objective of promotinggroup unity.6.My daughter used to play with the dog by taking a(n)(strand)of its hair and then spending a long time rubbing, combing and twisting it.7.When she left for the party, she took great care to make her necklaceand shoes (complement)her dress.8.It was necessary to provide living places for(transient)immigrants passing through the area on their way to more permanent dwellings.9.They had just moved in, so they needed to buy a number of kitchen(appliances), including a microwave oven, a toaster, and a coffee maker.10.She wanted a beautiful and elegant (outfit)to attend thewedding of a friend, but couldn't find anything satisfactory in thenearby shops.Add -ion, -er, or -ist to or remove them from the following words to formnew words. For each blank you can only fill in one word.Correct answerdominationorientationconfrontationcomposerbinderscannermanufacturereraseimperialistleftistterroristhumanistFill in the blanks with the newly formed words. Change the form where necessary. Each word can be used only once.1. The Internet challenges the (domination) of traditional media such asnewspapers and television as the main sources of news in modern society.2. Some scientists warn that the X-ray (scanners) now being used toscreen passengers at many airports may be harmful to the human body.3. Many people think that a(n) (humanist) should have very strongmorals, in addition to beliefs in a philosophy that focuses on human values and concerns.4. The police interviewed all six witnesses, but none of them could describeclearly how the (confrontation) began and who opened fire first.5. In politics, (leftists) are people who generally support social changesto create a more equal society and show concern for those who sufferdisadvantages.6. A study of mid-level administrators' career (orientation) showed thatmany of these managers view their current position as a temporary step onan upward path.7. The idea that the United States is a melting pot implies that racialdifferences are to be (erased)and that immigrants should give up their own cultural traditions.8. Effective measures should be taken to prevent (terrorists) from。

2021-2022学年浙江省Z20名校联盟高三（上）第一次联考英语试卷一、阅读理解（本大题共10小题，共25.0分）AMarty Verel,a 59-year-old kidney transplant patient in Ohio,should have been near the top of the list to receive a COVID-19 vaccine.Yet like millions of others,he wasn't having any luck.Marty and his wife,Nancy Verel,would sit with computers on their laps trying for hours to book an appointment on different sites,all of which were complex. "I felt hopeless," Nancy says. Then Nancy heard about Marla Zwinggi,a 40-year-old mom of three who was spending up to ten hours a day online trying to secure appointments for vulnerable（易受攻击的）individuals.So Nancy messaged Marla on Facebook：Can you help？Twenty-five minutes later,Marla responded by asking for Marty's legal name,date of birth,and other information.Nine minutes after that,Marla reported back-Marty had an appointment.Marla's vaccine hunting started on February 1，when she learned that her parents-her father has leukemia（白血病）and her mother is a breast cancer survivor with a heart-condition-were unable to get appointments themselves.She hated that they had to wait.Clicking around on vaccine registration sites,Marla discovered just how difficult it was to book an appointment. "It was like trying to get a World Series ticket," she says.She applied strategies that web insiders are familiar with（keeping multiple browsers open,refreshing sites every 20 seconds,erasing cookies）and added a few of her special skills. "I'm determined.I drink a lot of coffee,and I'm a fast typer," she says.Soon enough,Marla had secured appointments for her parents. "I felt like a rock star," she says.Marla decided that helping others would be her way of giving back. "I feel like I need to will us out of this pandemic（大流行病）" she says.On February 10，she logged on to Facebook to let people know that she was assisting with bookings.By March 2，she'd secured appointments for 400 seniors,a feat that made Nancy conclude, "Marla is some sort of COVID angel."1.Why did Nancy and Marty fail to make an appointment themselves？______A. They had no access to the websites.B. Too many people applied at the same time.C. They were not among the first seniors to be vaccinated.D. The registration sites were too difficult for them.2.What does the underlined word "feat" in the last paragraph refer to？______A. strategy.B. reward.C. achievement.D. service.3.Which of the following words best describe Marla？______A. Helpful and skillful.B. Reliable and humorous.C. Confident and generous.D. Ambitious and cooperative.BThe e-commerce（电子商务）company that people talk about most these days is neither Amazon,the American giant,nor Alibaba,China's biggest.It is Pinduoduo（PDD），a Chinese firm that started in 2015 as an online food supplier,but whose success has driven its market value above ＄200 st year it was China's fastest-growing internet stock （股票），rising by 330%.PDD attracts attention for two reasons.One is its business model.David Liu,vice-president of strategy,explains that it has ridden the rise of smartphone popularization rate in China to create an e-commerce experience in which people club together to buy products from computers to bananas.During the spread of Covid-19，this has expanded into a fast-growing business across thousands of towns and villages,in which PDD's users gather to order delivery of local farm produce at bargain prices.This is called "community group-buy" or "interactive commerce". The second is the way PDD has broken the myth that the giants of online shopping are unbeatable.Until a few years ago,China's e-commerce market seemed a two-way contest between Alibaba and .It is not the case now.Experts expect PDD's share of online sales in China to be larger than that of JD in 2021 and the number of users to surpass（超过）Alibaba.And although PDD pays out huge funds to attract customers from poorer parts of China to its app,they think it may turn profitable this year.Remarkably,PDD has done this less by replacing its bigger competitors than by employing parts of the market they have been unable to reach.Although online sales of groceries have rocketed during the pandemic,less than a tenth of the 8.1 trillion yuan farm-produce market is bought and sold digitally.However competitive a market looks,there is opportunity for newcomers because e-commerce is at an early stage of development.4.Which contributes to the success of PDD's business model？______A. The popularity of smartphones.B. The wide spread of Covid-19.C. The bargain prices of farm produce.D. The rapid growth of online shopping.5.What can we infer from the last two paragraphs？______A. The giants of online shopping can't be replaced.B. PDD has taken most market share from its competitors.C. PDD will become China's biggest e-commerce company.D. New companies have chance in online farm-produce market.6.What's the passage mainly about？______A. The most discussed company in China.B. The rise of e-commerce company PDD.C. The development of e-commerce in China.D. The influence of PDD on e-commerce.CEarth's longest artificial structure is usually said to be the Great Wall of China while the second-longest is not a wall,but a fence.It stretches for 5，614km across eastern Australia and is intended to stop the country's wild dogs,the dingoes,from hunting sheep.Australia's dingo fence does not stand lions of kilometres of fences wrap the world.Some are intended to limit the movement of animals,some the movement of people,and some merely to mark the the boundary.Until recently,data on the effects of fences on wildlife have been inadequate.That has changed with the publication of a report by professor Alex McInturff.One discovery he has made is that more than half of published fence research focuses on just fivecountries-America,Australia,Botswana,China and South Africa.A second is that only a third of these studies examined the impact of fences on anything other than the target species involved,meaning the animals purposely intended to be kept in or out.Non-target species,however,are often those that have their fortunes most greatly reshaped by the appearance of poles and wire.Australian fences intended to keep out dingoes are also barriers to long-necked turtles,which travel great distances over land when moving between nesting sites.In Botswana fences built to spare cattle from wildlife-borne disease result in serious interference with wildebeest（角马）migrations.Not every creature fares badly.Hawks（鹰）in Montana gladly sit on newly built livestock fences to hunt small animals,while fence-based spiders in South Africa outperform theirtree-based cousins when it comes to catching insects.Often,though,the winners are creatures that cause trouble for existing ecosystems.Keeping dingoes out of large parts of Australia has allowed aggressive red foxes to multiply.Native rodents（啮齿类动物）have suffered as a result.Some have been brought to the edge of extinction.7.Which is a purpose of building fences？______A. To expand the boundary of a country.B. To protect livestock like sheep and cattle.C. To stop wild animals from being hunted.D. To help people move around freely.8.What can we learn about the studies on fences？______A. Data on the impact of fences have been proved.B. Previous researches were complete and systematic.C. About two-thirds of the studies focus on the target animals.D. Not all studies examined the effect of fences on wildlife.9.Which animals unexpectedly benefit from fences？______A. Cattle in Botswana.B. Wildebeest in Botswana.C. Red foxes in Australia.D. Native rodents in Australia.10.What is the writer's attitude to the fences around the world？______A. Disapproving.B. Favorable.C. Objective.D. Cautious.二、阅读七选五（本大题共5小题，共10.0分）Four Steps to Help Someone Having a Panic Attack In the United States,1 in 3 people will have an anxiety disorder at some point in their lives,according to the National Institute of Mental Health. (1) .If your loved one is having a panic attack,there are several ways you can help.With a few research-backed techniques,you'll be better equipped to provide support.Name it and stay calmGently name it,and tell your loved one that you believe they are having a panic attack. (2) .You can let them know that it will pass.And one of the best ways to help your beloved ones is to remain calm themselves by taking deep breaths and reminding themselves that this is temporary,even if they're feeling a little uneasy about what's happening.Give them spaceYour loved one may need some space during a panic attack.After reminding them that they can handle their symptoms,you can give your loved one space until their panic attack passes. (3) .If they do,improve their ability to independently experience their symptoms by offering the coping statement once or twice and letting them ride out their symptoms until they pass. (4) .While someone is having a panic attack,we do want to be empathic（移情的），but we don't want to stress the idea that panic is dangerous,harmful,or needing to be reduced,minimized,or escaped.So,rather than giving your loved one lots of comfort and concern,it can help to remind them that they can cope with what's happening on their own.This gives them back their power to deal with the situation.You can do this by offering supportive statements like："You can handle these symptoms."" (5) ""This will pass."A.Look after yourselfB.Offer a coping statementC.Why are you so upset over that？D.They might ask you to stick around.E.The feelings aren't comfortable,but you can accept them.F.Statistics show that women are twice as likely as men to have a panic disorder.G.This can provide some context for what's happening and relieve the fear of the unknown.11. A. A B. B C. C D. D E.E F.F G. G12. A. A B. B C. C D. D E.E F.F G. G13. A. A B. B C. C D. D E.E F.F G. G14. A. A B. B C. C D. D E.E F.F G. G15. A. A B. B C. C D. D E.E F.F G. G三、完形填空（本大题共20小题，共30.0分）Johnny was sound asleep when he was awakened by a loud commotion（骚动）.He opened his eyes and lay(16).He could hear shouts and screams coming from the outside.Sensing that(17) was wrong,he quickly slipped into a pair of jeans and(18) his T-shirt,and rushed out of the house.A huge crowd(19)at one of the houses further up the street.The house was flaming and thick clouds of(20)were floating up into the air.Johnny went back into the house and made a（an）(21) call to the fire department.Then,he ran out again towards the burning house.It was Mr.Smith's house.Mr.Smith and his wife were (22)out of the house but their 9-year-old daughter was still(23) inside the house on fire.The neighbors had formed a human chain and were using buckets of water to put out the fire but (24).Johnny could hear the(25) cries of the young girl inside the house.Without thinking twice Johnny threw himself at the door and(26) the house.Thick smoke filled the room.He was almost (27)by it.Johnny held his breath and managed to(28) the young girl.He carried her over his right shoulder and (29) out of the house and placed her on a grass patch.Soon,the fire engine and the(30) arrived.The doctors quickly(31) the girl to the hospital accompanied by Mr.and Mrs.Smith.The firemen used their big hoses to put the fire out (32) the house was completely ruined.A few days later,Mr.and Mrs.Smith came to Johnny's house.Their daughter was still(33) in hospital as she had suffered some minor(34).The couple thanked Johnny for rescuing their daughter.It was Johnny's quick thinking and (35) that made a great difference to the Smiths.16. A. hesitating B. listening C. thinking D. trembling17. A. something B. nothing C. everything D. anything18. A. threw away B. took off C. threw on D. took in19. A. gathered B. gossiped C. cried D. watched20. A. flames B. steam C. dust D. smoke21. A. urgent B. personal C. first D. important22. A. eagerly B. safely C. cautiously D. finally23. A. kept B. forgotten C. trapped D. abandoned24. A. in surprise B. in time C. in turn D. in vain25. A. deafening B. desperate C. frightening D. thrilled26. A. slipped into B. walked into C. broke into D. fell into27. A. overcome B. hurt C. covered D. attracted28. A. locate B. place C. search D. remove29. A. marched B. wandered C. dashed D. stepped30. A. firemen B. policemen C. taxi D. ambulance31. A. walked B. rushed C. drove D. dragged32. A. but B. after C. so D. while33. A. living B. sleeping C. recovering D. struggling34. A. bites B. cuts C. wounds D. burns35. A. optimism B. bravery C. skill D. wisdom四、语法填空（本大题共1小题，共15.0分）36.The game of basketball was created by Dr.Naismith,（1）______Canadian who worked asa physical education instructor at the Springfield College.The New England winters were very cold,and the students were unwilling to do outdoor （2）______（activity）.Naismith determined that a fast-moving game（3）______ could be played indoors would fill the empty afternoons after the baseball and football seasons had ended.First he tried to change outdoor games such as soccer to indoor play,but he soon found them（4）______（suitable）for small areas.（5）______ December of 1891，Naismith hung two old peach baskets at either end of the gym at the school,and,using a soccer ball and nine players on each side,（6）______（organize）the first basketball game.The early rules allowed three points for each basket and banned （7）______（run）with the ball.Five years later,a championship（8）______（hold）in New York City.By that time,the team had been reduced to seven players,and five became standard in the 1897 season.（9）______ basketball first appeared in the 1904 Olympic Games,it quickly spread throughout the world.In 1906，a metal ring was used （10）______（replace）the basket for the first time,but the name basketball has remained.五、书面表达（本大题共2小题，共40.0分）37.假定你是李华，你的英国朋友Philip 送给你一本英语读物，你读后收获颇多。

Answer the following questions briefly based on the given pictures.1) Lipstick is used to apply color to the lips.2) Nail polish is applied to fingernails or toenails to decorate and / or protect the nails.3) Eye shadow is applied to areas around the eyes, usually on the eyelids and under the eyebrows, to make the eyes stand out or look more attractive.4) Mascara is used to enhance the eyes. It may help make the eyelashes darker, thicker and longer.5) Eyeliner is used to draw lines around the eyes so as to create a more beautiful contour.6) Powder foundation is used to tone the face and give it an even, uniform color. It can cover flaws, and some can also protect the face from damage caused by sunlight. Facial masks, sunscreen, facial cream, eye cream, etc.Reference:1.• Yes, I do use some of these products once in a while. For example, when I go to parties, I often apply lipstick and eyeliner. On such occasions, putting on some makeup gives me a good mood.• No, I don't use any of them because I'm a male and these products are all for women. However, I do apply sunscreen when I stay outdoors for a long time in summer. 2.• Yes, they are generally used by women. What men usually do may be just shaving and having a haircut.• No, I don't think only women use cosmetics. Although men in general do not use such products in daily life, it is possible that male actors and singers wear some makeup when they perform.1. The sentence means that it is very difficult, or even impossible, for a man to give a right answer when a woman asks him how she looks, no matter how hard he thinks about it and how many different answers he tries.2. Men are satisfied with being average-looking, paying little attention to their looks. In contrast, women pay great attention to their body and image, considering their appearance as not good enough even if they are in fact attractive.3. The interaction of many psychological and societal factors, for example, their childhood experiences with toys, and the influence of the media.4. Girls' toys are proportioned to have extreme measures of the body (e.g. in terms of height, weight and waist size), whereas boys' toys can look weird rather than handsome.5. It implies that men pay little attention to the details of their appearance.6. Cindy Crawford is mentioned as an example to show that the beauty industry and the media have great influence on women's devotion to physical beauty and the use of beauty products.7. The author thinks that the claim is not right since men in fact pay little attention to the details of women's appearance.8. Women think so because men do not even care about their own appearance. For instance, a man often does not bother to clean the cream in his hair or ears after shaving.1.I think there are three main factors accounting for women's greater attention to appearance. The first are cultural traditions. It is common in many cultures that people put high value on beauty when they look at women. The second is the requirement of certain jobs. For example, in China airline companies set certain criteria for appearance (e.g. in terms of height and weight) when they recruit stewards and stewardesses. Finally, the influence of the media is another strong factor which shapes women's pursuit of physical beauty. There are a lot of advertisements of cosmetics and skincare products in various media such as TV, magazines and newspapers. They often have celebrities as the spokesperson for the advertised products, which makes women have an illusion that they could look as good as those famous stars if they use the products. In short, these three factors exert immense influence on how women value appearance.2.• Yes. On certain f ormal occasions, a person, either female or male, has to pay attention to his attire. Sample cases are job interviews, business meetings, weddings, and banquets. This is because to dress properly is an important element of successful completion of these events.• No. People do not have to care what others think of them as long as they feel comfortable and satisfied with their looks themselves. After all, this is the most important source of happiness to people.3.In my opinion, the important traits of human beauty include two types, one for appearance and one for inner qualities. Features that characterize a beautiful appearance are a good-looking body, proper clothes and accessories, as well as use of makeup that matches the occasion or event one is attending. Inner qualities that make a person beautiful mainly include good manners and positive personality traits such as honesty, bravery or friendliness.4.• Yes. Women should pay great attention to their appearance and hence need to wear makeup. This is because beauty is, believe it or not, usually an important quality for women to succeed, for example, when they want to look for a job or an ideal husband.• No. What really makes a person beautiful is inner beauty rather than physical appearance. A beautiful look can't last long, but inner beauty, for example, intelligence and honesty, may make a person successful and happy throughout his life.5.I would market a new product by three means. First, I can ask a celebrity, for example a famous movie star or a supermodel, to be the brand spokesperson on TV. This is a common practice in the advertising industry, and I think it is very effective. Second, I will hire people to distribute flyers and give away free samples of the product on the streets, so the product can reach potential customers directly. Inaddition, I may post advertisements on public transportation vehicles such as buses and subways. In this way, the commercials can be seen by a large number of people.1.deficient2.prosecution3.outragestrand4.appeased5.conformity6.strandplement8.transient9.appliances10.o utfitdeficient, orientation, confrontation, composer, binder, scanner, manufacturer, erase, imperialist, leftist, terrorist, humanistdomination scanners humanist confrontation leftists orientation erased terrorists manufacturers binder imperialists composersachieving gorgeous considered context accessories appreciated complexion handsome comment admirationin hopes of came up with excused herself was obsessed with reaching out to voice an opinion on live up to in terms ofWhen you get yourself ready to go to school or work in the morning, or attend a party in the evening, you may have to do various preparations. What you consider as essential to prepare largely depends on whether you are a female or a male. Women and men take care of their appearance in different ways, which are mainly shown in three areas.One difference lies in the variety of beauty products that women and men use. Women have a great variety of tools and skincare products; for example, combs and clips for hair, brushes for powder foundation, and eyeliners for eyebrows, creams for face, to name just a few. Men, however, do not use so many things. They may comb their hair, but they seldom use cosmetics.Another difference involves the amount of clothes women and men have. Females usually have many more clothes than men do. You may well be familiar with movie scenes in which a woman tries on the outfits in her wardrobe one after another and still hesitates about which one to wear. Unlike females, males do not buy themselves piles of clothes as long as they still have something at home.人们普遍认为，威廉・莎士比亚是最伟大的英语作家和世界杰出的戏剧家。

TPO53托福阅读Passage2原文及答案解析托福备考时TPO托福模考软件对于托福成绩的提升是非常有帮助的。

托福阅读可以说是整个托福考试当中比较重要的一个部分，如何利用现有资料TPO模考软件来提升大家的托福成绩呢?今天小编在这里整理了TPO53托福阅读Passage2原文及答案解析来分享给大家，希望对大家托福阅读备考有帮助。

TPO53托福阅读Passage2原文文本Sounds In The FilmListen to part of a lecture in a film studies class.Professor: Nowadays we take sound in films for granted. I mean you still might see black and white films occasionally. But you'll hardly ever see silent films anymore.So it's interesting to note that the use of recorded sound was originally controversial. And some directors, uh, some filmmakers even thought it shouldn't be used, that it would destroy the purity of cinema, somehow reverse all the progress that had been made in the art of cinema. Abby?Abby: What about all the sounds you hear in some silent movies? Like, you know, a loud sound when somebody falls down or something?Professor: Okay, you're talking about a soundtrack added much later, which has over time become part of the film we know. But this recorded track didn't exist then.And it's not that most people didn't want sound in films. It's just that the technology wasn't available yet. Don't forget that instead of recorded sound, there was often live music that accompanied movies in those days, like a piano player or a larger orchestra in the movie theater.Also, think of the stage, the live theater, it has used wonderfulsound effects for a long time. And if wanted, these could be produced during the viewing of a film. You know, the rolling of drums for thunder or whatever. But that wasn't as common.Oh, and another thing, that they might have in movie theaters in the early days, was a group of live actors reading the parts to go along with the film, or, and this seems a particularly bad idea to us now, one person narrating the action, an early example of a long tradition of movie producers, the ones concerned mostly about making money, not having much confidence in their audience, thinking that people somehow couldn't follow the events otherwise.So, it finally became possible to play recorded sound as part of the film in the 1920s. Trouble was, it wasn't always used to very good effect. First it was, you know, amazing to see somebody's mouth move at the same time you hear the words, or hear a door close when you see it closing on screen.But that luster wears off, of course. And if you're a director, a filmmaker, what's the next step?Abby: Well, you sound to enhance the movie right? Bring something more to it that wasn’t possible?Professor: Yes. That’s exactly what directors, who were more interested in cinema as art, not commerce, were thinking.But they also predicted that there would be a problem that sound would be misused and, boy, was it ever.Because the commercial types, the producers and so on, were thinking, “Okay. Now that sound is possible, let's talk as much as possible and forget about the fact that we're making a movie, that we have this powerful visual medium.”So many of the films of the twenties were basically straight adaptations of successful shows from the stage, theatre. Thename they used for sound films then was “talking films” and that was on the mark, since, well, all they pretty much did was talk and talk.So, remedy? Well what was proposed by a number of filmmakers and theorists was the creative expressive use of sound, what they generally called nonsynchronous sound.Okay, synchronous sound means basically that what we hear is what we see. Everything on the soundtrack is seen on the screen. A nd everything was recorded simultaneously, which… Well, since the sound technicians working on films often had experience with live radio that made sense to them. Recording the sound separately and adding it in afterward? Well, that idea was less obvious.Anyway synchronous sound means the source of the sound is the image on the screen.Nonsynchronous sound then is…Abby: The sound doesn't match the picture?Professor: Right. Now we can look at this in various ways. But let's take it as literally as possible.Music, unless we see the radio or the orchestra, that's nonsynchronous. If the camera shot is of the listener rather than the speaker that's nonsynchronous. If we hear, say, background sounds that aren't on the screen, that's nonsynchronous.So, that doesn't seem so radical, does it? But again, those early producers didn't think their audiences could keep up with this.Abby: Excuse me, but did you say earlier that some filmmakers actually advocated not using sound at all?Professor: Well, yes. But that was a bit of an exaggeration, I guess. What I meant to say was that some filmmakers thought that the way the film sound was actually used was setting the artof filmmaking back.But everyone agreed that sounds solved some very difficult issues and offered potentially exciting tools.TPO53托福阅读Passage2题目Question 1 of 5What is the lecture mainly about?A. The influence of theater on early sound filmsB. Conflicting views on uses of sound during the early days of sound filmsC. The great progress in cinema after the development of soundD. Viewer reactions to early sound filmsQuestion 2 of 5According to the professor, what types of sound were used in silent film theaters? Click on 3 answersA. Live music performed in the theaterB. Sound effects created in the theaterC. Recorded sound tracks played with the filmD. Live narration during the filmE. Musical entertainment offered before the filmQuestion 3 of 5What is the professor's attitude toward early movie producers?A. He is critical of their influence on films.B. He thinks they had little influence on films.C. He thinks they understood what audiences wanted.D. He acknowledges that they made progress possible.Question 4 of 5According to the professor, what was characteristic of sound films in the 1920s?A. Dialogues between characters were kept to a minimum.B. Many films were closely based on theater plays.C. Musical sound tracks were added to most films.D. Sounds were recorded separately and added to films later.Question 5 of 5What is an example of synchronous sound in a film?A. A character hearing a train that is not visibleB. A past conversation being replayed in a character's mindC. A character playing guitar and singing on screenD. A song playing at the end of a film as credits appear on the screenTPO53托福阅读Passage2解析正确答案：B题目解析：本题定位到原文：So it's interesting to note that the use of recorded sound was originally controversial. 此处原文的大意是：我们不妨来说说声音最开始应用的时候是怎样有争议的。