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• Junk bond:
Before the advent of information technology , it was difficult for investors to acquire information to screen out bad from good credit. The only firm that were able to sell bonds were well-established corporations that had high credit-rating.
Copyright © 2007 Pearson Addison-Wesley. All rights reserved.
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Multiple Bank Regulatory Agencies
Comptroller of the Currency— 货币监理属
Fed and state banking authorities
FDIC (Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation) was establish Separation of Banking business from investment banking activities
• 1999: Financial Services Modernization Act of 1999《金融服务 法现代化法案》 • 2010:Dodd-Frank Act(多德弗兰克法案)
• • • • •
JPMorgan Chase, Bank of America, Citigroup, Wells Fargo, Goldman Sachs ( as of December 2011)