UNIT4对话口译

第四单元访谈口译unit four Interpreting Interviews4--1T ravel in America词汇预习V ocabulary Work据说由汽车驱动的国家夸张的说法correct observationway Of lifedrive-in bankinternational driver's license行车限速federal expresswayminimum／maximunspeed出公差租车服务业付款力·式credit cardMasterCardV isaAmerican Expressdepositspecial offerAmtrakpassenger rail serviceGreyhoundlong distance coachmonthly passregulate pricelower ratesshuttle／commuterflight不尽如人意subwaycab／cabbyY ellow Pagestelephone directory课文口译Text for Interpretation Listen and interpret the following interview alternatively into English and Chinese：An interview to learn about travel and public transportation in the United States．Q：据说美国是一个由汽车驱动的国家，美国人实际上是一个生活在轮子上的民族。

你认为这是—一种夸张的说法吗?A：This is basically a correct observation，which says something about the American way Of life．Americans like to do business without leaving their cars．Wherever you go, you’ll see drive-in banks，drive—in restaurants，drive-in churches and drive-in movies．Q：如果我以游客的身份访问美国，我可以在美国境内开车吗?A：Y es，you can．When you drive in the United States，it's a good idea tO have an international driver's license if you are a foreigner and don't have a state license．Each Of the fifty states Of the U．S．has its own traffic laws．Drivers are expected tO know and understand the local laws even if they don't live in a particular state．Y ou can get information at a tourist information center when you cross the border into a different state．Q：在中国某些道路上开车，司机必须将自己的行车速度控制在标牌规定的限速内。

(3)对话文本主持人:你好,很高兴你能来到演播室和大家分享你的经历。

几乎所有吸烟的人都知道烟草对健康的危害,也有许多人尝试过戒烟,或正打算开始戒烟,但真正能戒掉的人却很少,请问你在戒烟前有多长的烟龄?∥Hello, welcome to our studio to share your experiences with usAlmost all smokers know how smoking hurts their health and manyhave tried or are planning to quit, but only a few have succeeded. Howlong had you been smoking before you quit it?Evans: Well, this year I amturning 48 and I have been smoke-free for 2 years. My first cigarette was at the age of 14. Now you can do the math. Quitting smoking may be the best and most rewarding decision that I've ever made although the process is painstaking.∥伊文斯：今年我就48岁了,戒烟已经有两年了。

我14岁开始抽烟,你可以算出我的烟龄。

尽管过程很痛苦,但是戒烟是我做过的最正确也最有价值的决定主持人:是的,我想不吸烟的人很难想象戒烟有多难,而吸烟的人也无法得知戒烟成功后的舒适感。

你提到开始吸烟是在青少年时期,能说说为什么会想学抽烟吗?∥Host: Yes, I think nonsmokers cannot imagine how difficult quittingsmoking is, neither do smokers know the comfortableness when they manage to give it up. You said you started smoking when you were ateenager. Can you tell us why you developed an interest in smokingEvans: My father was well-liked and influential in thecommunity. He also was a smoker. So I attempted to be more like my father, which naturally includedsmoking cigarettes.伊文斯:我父亲在我们那一带很有威望,他也抽烟。

口译第三版Unit-4-已整理完Unit Four Tourism Text Passage One汉译英：广袤无垠的中华大地the boundless expanse of the Chinese territory绚丽多姿的自然景观gorgeous and varied natural scenery如诗如画poetic and picturesque名胜古迹places of historic interest and scenic beauty兵马俑terra-cotta soldiers and horses故宫the Imperial Palace五岳之首the most famous of China's 5 great mountains峻拔突兀majestic and precipitous appeal 山外有山mountains beyond mountains融自然与文化景观于一体embody natural scenery and cultural heritage奇石,清瀑,古松,亭阁grotesque rock formation, clear waterfalls,old-age pine trees and pavilionsdotted with innumerable sights of gorgeous and varied natural scenery. Five thousand years of splendid Chinese civilization have contributed to the extraordinary enchanting beauty of this poetic and picturesque land, Places of historic interest and scenic beauty across China have become tourist destinations, such as the terra-cotta soldiers and horses in the ancient city Xi'an, the Great Wall and the Imperial Palace in China's capital Beijing and the beautiful landscape of Guilin in the South, to name just a few.2、今天我向各位介绍号称我国五岳之首的泰山。

大学口译教程课文翻译4单元The Economic Impact of September 11thClearly, september 11th was an act of brutality that left the world first in shock, then in anger, an act of sudden violence that without warning stole a parent from 10,000 children and that shattered the illusion that we in North America are somehow insulated from external attack.显然，9月11日的暴行使整个世界为之震惊，继而愤怒。

这次突发暴力事件毫无预兆的夺走了一万个孩子的父母，我们原以为北美洲远离外界的袭击，但此次事件打破了这种幻觉。

In response, we have borne witness to an uncompromising resolve that more than matches the initial shock. The world has come together in an uncommon and irrevocable commitment to eliminate the threat of terrorism. The physical assault levelled against us is being met by an international coalition of nations, faiths and force that will not fail.我们已经证明，不妥协的决心是对这次袭击的最佳回应。

全世界人民同仇敌忾，誓在消灭恐怖主义的威胁。

全世界的各个国家，宗教和武装联合起来共同对抗恐怖袭击的行动一定会取得胜利。

课外练习Passage 1 Chinese-English Interpretation北京观光客自然都会游览故宫和长城，这是因为故宫和长城是举世闻名的旅游景点。

而今天我却想向各位推荐北京第三大旅游场所，北京世界公园。

北京世界公园于90年代初在北京兴建，是北京的最新旅游景点。

这里游客那种“一日游尽天下景”的梦想便可成真。

北京世界公园的规模雄踞亚洲同类公园之冠，所收微缩复制品的数量也堪称亚洲之最。

世界七大奇观以及50个国家的约100处历史名胜和自然景观均以微缩模型展出。

占地面积46.7公顷的世界公园分为17处风景区，收集了亚洲、非洲、欧洲。

南北美洲以及大洋洲的主要名胜景点。

游客可以在这里观赏法国的凯旋门、埃菲尔铁塔、罗浮宫玻璃金字塔、凡尔赛宫和巴黎圣母院；英国伦敦的塔桥和白金汉宫；意大利的比萨斜塔、罗马大斗兽场、威尼斯水城和圣可马广场；西班牙的阿卡沙堡；德国的科隆大教堂；荷兰的风车和郁金香田园风光；希腊的雅典卫城；俄罗斯的克里姆林宫墙及钟楼；印度的泰姬陵；泰国的泰王宫；柬埔寨的吴哥窟；缅甸的仰光大金塔；新加坡的狮头鱼身像；埃及的基萨金字塔群和阿布辛伯勒神庙；美国的大峡谷和自由女神像；澳大利亚的悉尼歌剧院；墨西哥的巨石头像；智利的复活节岛巨人石像；秘鲁的那斯卡线画；中国的长城和故宫等景物复制品。

这些旅游景观制作精巧，工艺精湛，其中大多为原作的精确复制品，用料均为白玉、理石、上乘花岗岩石或其他优质石料。

例如，莫斯科的红场是以500块比麻将牌还小的红砖铺就而成。

而埃及的金字塔则以20万块大理石砌成。

美国的科罗拉多河和大峡谷的微缩景观高达32米，一条“巨型瀑布”从16米的高处飞流直冲谷底。

公园的东北角有一条300米长的国际街，这条具有欧美建筑风格的国际街集餐饮、购物和娱乐于一体，游客可以在这里领略各国情调，品尝他乡风味，购买纪念礼品，参加各种娱乐活动。

北京世界公园自开放以来已吸引了许多海内外游客前来观赏美景。

U n i t F o u rB u s i n e s s T r a v e lUnit Objectives (单元目标)After reading this unit, you should➢understand the ways to identify the main ideas of the source text.➢find ways to improve your interpreting skills and performance.➢master the basic words and expressions about business travel.➢know some cultural background knowledge about business travel.PreparingI. Interpreting Skills (口译技能)Read the following presentation about discourse analysis and try tounderstand the four speech types and know how to identify the mainideas of the source text. Then complete the following task:1. Listen to the passage, “ My first day in New York”, and answer the followingquestions:1). When did the author first arrive in the US?2). What did the author do on the way to his hotel?3). Where did the author get something to eat after his friend had left?4). Why couldn’t he have what he really wanted at the restaurant?5). What did the author do after dinner?2. Listen to the passage again and try to catch more details, then retell thestory in your own words.Decoding Training (II): Discourse Analysis（语篇分析）Interpreting is to “understand and make understood”. To interpret the speech, one must first understand the message of the speech. However, comprehension（理解）of the source discourse goes beyond the simple recognition of words and linguistic structures. The interpreter shall make an analysis of the source discourse. More importantly, the interpreter shall identify（识别）the speech type and know how to identify the main ideas of the original speeches.Identification of the Speech TypesSpeeches are diversified serving different occasions and purposes. It will be of great help to the interpreters if they know the speaker’s style. In most cases, speeches are prepared beforehand. Therefore, a study of the different types of writing helps an interpreter identify the main idea of a given speech. Following are the basic types of writing.1. Descriptive WritingDescriptive（描述性的）writing involves a great deal of detailed information. A descriptive discussion aimed at providing details of an event, a scene, a procedure, or a situation.This speech type demands a thorough background investigation of the speaker and the relevant situation by the interpreter.2. Narrative WritingNarrative（叙述性的）writing focuses on the development of events. There is no doubt that the interpreter should be very sensitive to dates, time phrases, and verb tenses when a narrative speech is dealt with.3. Expositive WritingExpositive（说明性的）writing deals with its subject matter in such orders as chronological, spatial, comparison, and definition. It would be to the advantage of the interpreter to conduct a background investigation of the speaker and the situation, for that would provide the interpreter with not only thenecessary glossary but also the speaker’s standpoint（立场）.4. Persuasive WritingPersuasive（劝说性的）writers always want to make their arguments clear, strong and convincing. When the purpose is to convince, writers of persuasive writing mainly employ two techniques -- induction（归纳）and deduction（推论）. Inductive writing starts with specific examples or points to draw a general conclusion, while deductive writing illustrates its thesis at first and then supports and reinforces the thesis through specific examples or subordinate ideas.Identification of the Main IdeasIn the context of interpreting, the main ideas of the source speech can be identified at the sentence level and at the discourse level. Priority should always be attached to identifying the main idea at the sentence level. We argue that identification of main ideas be done on the basis of sentences. Training in identifying the main ideas in interpreting should naturally take place first at the sentence level.1. Sentence LevelThe most important task for an interpreter to identify the main ideas at the sentence level is to discern (洞悉）the subject, verb and object (SVO). It is highly significant for the interpreter to catch the SVO of the sentence while listening to the source text, as the SVO usually carries the major information of the sentence. For example, when listening to “The best way to carry money while traveling is to have a major credit card”, the interpreter is expected to catch “The best way is to have a credit card.” If the interpreter is able to catch the SVO of the sentence, he then will produce a complete sentence with the major information in the target language.2. Discourse LevelThere are also some skills an interpreter might employ on different occasions for grasping the gist （要点）of a speech at the discourse level. In a well-organized speech, the speaker usually explains his point in the first few sentences. Therefore, one of the ways to get the main idea of a speech is to attach priority to the beginning of the speech. Secondly, if the interpreter encounters a speech that is inductively constructed, the interpreter should, to the best of their ability, conduct a study of the speaker's background and viewpoints so that they can follow the speaker's logical guidelines.II. Phrase Interpreting (短语口译)Work on the following words and phrases. Interpret them into Chineseand English respectively.A. English to Chinese1. Have a population of…2. Cover an area of…3. Date back to…4. Have a history of…5. Be situated in…6. The gross domestic product7. Dive-in restaurant 8. Quarantine certificate9. Duration of stay 10. Residence permitB. Chinese to English1、日程安排2、旅行路线3、起飞时间4、机场大楼5、候机室6、贵宾室7、问讯处8、安全检查9、免税店10、个人物品III. Sentence Interpreting （句子口译）Work on the following sentences. Interpret them into Chinese andEnglish respectively.A. English to Chinese1. I believe you're going out of your way for us.2. Wouldn't you like to spend an extra day or two here?3. I'm afraid that won't be possible, much as we'd like to.4. I wonder if it is possible to arrange shopping for us.5. I will keep you posted.B. Chinese to English1. 我特地为你们安排，使你们在北京的逗留愉快。

高口口译E-C Unit4. Be optimistic about life 乐观人生Passage 1Optimism can help us to be happier, healthier and more successful. Pes simism leads, by contrast to hopelessness, sickness and failure, and is li nked to depression, loneliness and painful shyness. If we could teach ot hers to think more positively, it would be like inoculating them againt me ntal ills. Your belief to succeed will affect whether or not you will.. Optim ists and pessimists deal with the same challenges in quite different ways. When things go wrong, optimist looks for loopholes, while the pessimist tends to blame himself. Optimistic or pessimistic, it was a sef-fulfilling p rophecy. If one feels hopeless, they don't bother to acuqire skills they ne ed to success.by contrast conversly 相反的think positively... 积极地思考inoculate sb againt the illness/disease 给某人注射疫苗look for loopholes 找出漏洞blame oneself 责备自己a self-fulfilling prophecy 自我实现的预言bother to do sth 努力做... acq uire skills to 获得...的技能Passage 2Our modern society is stressful. We competer at work ,by sport and eve n with our friends, It may be that you feel hopeless in a situation. Take control of this situation instead of being overwhelmed or powerless.The sense of control ist the best weapon against stress. The optimist feels hi mself in control of his own life. If things go badly, they act quickly, looki ng for solutions ,forming new plans of action, and reaching out for advic es. Pessimist feels fate's playing and moves slowly. He doesn't seek adv ices, since he thougt nothing can be changed.If you change your mind a nd become optimistic, you can change your life.stressful pressurized 充满压力的compete with sb与某人竞争take control of sth instead of being overwhelmed机制控制...而不是被压倒things go wrong/badly 事情不顺利act quickly, form new plan, reach out for advice 迅速行动,制定新计划, 征求建议fate is playing 命运在捉弄Passage 3If you expect sth to turn out badly, they probably will. Pessimism is seld om disappointed, But the same principle also works in reverse.If you feel sth good will happen, they usually do. There seems to be a natural ca use-and-effect relationship between optimism and success.Optimism and Pessimism are both powerful forces,each of us has to cho ose which we want to shap an outlook and expectation . There are eou gh good and bad in everyone's life, ample sorrow and happiness, suffuci ent joy and pain, to help us to find a rational bassis for either optimism or pesimism. We can chooseto claugh or cry, bless or curse. It's our decision, from which perspective to view our lives. look up in hope or dow n in depair?I believe in upward look. I highlight positive and slip fight over negative. I'm an optimist by choice as much as by nature. Sure, i know problems do exist. I 'm in my 70s and have lived throughmore than one crisis. Bu t, when all is said and done, i find th good ones far outweigh the bad Optimism is not a luxury,it's a necessity. The way in which you look at your life will determine how you feel, how you perform , and how well you will get along with the others. Conversely, negative thoughts, attitude s and expectations feed on themselves, it was a self-fulfilling prophecy. Pessimism will creat a dismal place where no one want to liveThe only thing more powerful than negativism is a positive affirmation, a word of hope and positive. One of the things that i'm most thankful for is the fact that i've grown up in a nation with grand tradition of optimism. Once c culture adopts a upward look ,even the incredible things can be accomplished. When people view the world as a positive and hopeful pl ace,they 're empowered to attempt and to achieveOptimism needn't to be naive. When you are an optimist, you can still r ecognize problems exist, and some of them are not dealt with easily. Bu t what a difference optimism makes in attitude of problem solvers. For e xample, throug these years i have heard many people say, that the mon ey spent on the space program has been wasted. Instead of spending 4 55 million dollars to put a man on the moon, they said, why not spend that money here on the erath on poverty problems. But when you ask t hem exactly how they would spend the ,oney to solve the poverty proble ms, the most of them don;t have an answer. Give me a solution i tell them , ten i will raise money. Think in positive terms about how to addres s the issues instead of criticing the money spent on another program.Su ch as Americans space program, which resulted in numbers of positive d iscoveries, whcih have benefited humanity.Optimism can divert our attention from ngative and channels it into positi ve and constructive thinkings. When you are an optimist, you are more concerned with problem-solving rather than with carping about issues. In fact, without optimism, problems as big and ongoing as poverty have no hope to solution. It takes a dreamer, someone with hopelessly optimistic ideas, great persistence and unlimited confidence, ta tackel a problem t hat is big. It's your choice.a natural cause-and-effect relationship 天然的因果关系sth turn out badly 结果糟糕the same principle works in reverse 同样的法则反过来也适用in reverse反过来ample sorrow and happiness sufficient jor and pain 充足的悲伤与快乐, 欢欣与痛苦choose to laugh or cry, bless or curse, from which perspective to view t he world 笑或哭,祝福或诅咒看世界的眼光/视角look up in hope /look down in despair 充满希望向上看/充满绝望向下看live through crisis 经历挫折/饱经风霜far outweigh 远远超过not a luxury, a necessity 不是奢侈,而是必需feed on themselves 自成因果a positive affirmation 一个积极的肯定a nation with grand tradition of optimism grand tradition 有着保持乐观光荣传统的国家adopt a upward look 采取积极向上的态度accomplish incredible things 实现不可能的事be empowered to do sth to attempt to achieve 被赋予...的力量去努力尝试/努力实现think in positive terms 积极地思考how to address issues 如何解决问题raise money 筹钱result in many positive dicoveries 带来很多有价值的发现benefit humani ty 造福人类divert sth away from sth 把...从...中转移divert our attention away from negative thoughtchannel sth into... channel ...into positive and constructive thinkings把...转向...have hope to solution 有希望解决hopelessly optimistic ideas great persistence, unlimited confidence极度乐观的精神, 持久的坚毅, 无限的信心tackle a problem 解决一个问题别具一格的方式idiozyncratic fashions一点都不摆架子total absence of any airs正派的decent和蔼affability坚持不懈preseverance领略读书的情趣take delight in reading敏锐的观察力keen power of observation虔诚piety情趣和见识sentmient and vision奢侈的extravagant身体状况良好的标志a sign of physical fitness十分热情incredibly warm支持bolster bolster economy bolster up bolster up crimes喜自夸的boastful兴高采烈的elated有益健康的活动health-promoting activities择静雅之处secure a serene space精神世界升华到崇高的艺术境界one's spirits soaring up to a sublime aest hetic realm。

4-1 行在美国Q：据说美国是一个由汽车驱动的国家，美国人实际上是个生活在轮子上民族。

你认为这是一种夸张的说法吗?A: 这种看法基本上是正确的，它反映了美国人的生活方式。

美国人喜欢开车办事。

你到处可以看到“免下车”银行、“免下车”餐馆、“免下车”教堂和“免下车”电影院。

Q :如果我以游客的身份访问美国，我可以在美国境内开车吗?A:你可以在美国开车。

如果你是外国人，又没有某州的驾驶执照，可你想开车，那你最好携带一张国际驾驶执照。

美国50个州都有各自的交通法规。

即使外州来的开车人也应知晓当地的法律。

你在穿越州界时可以在新到的那个州所设的旅游信息中心打听情况。

Q：在中国某些道路上开车，司机必须将自己的行车速度控制在标牌规定的限速内。

美国是否也有限速?A: 是的。

大多数州的高速公路限速为每小时55英里，约88公里/小时。

有些道路，如地方高速公路或州际高速公路，还规定行车时速不得低于40英里，约65公里/小时。

Q：我作为一名出公差来美国的旅行者，可没有必要为了旅行而去买一辆车子。

我想贵国一定有某种租车服务行业吧?A:那是自然的。

我国有世界上最发达的租车业。

美国两家最大的租车公司Hertz和Avis在全美国都有公司办事处，在大部分机场和许多国际都市设有租车站。

其他一些全国性的租车公司如Thrifty、National、Budger、Dollar等也在其他国家设有租车办事处，所以你可以通过国内的旅行社办理租车预订事宜。

0：那么租车时我以什么方式来付款呢?A: 租车时你必须拥有一张大公司的信用卡，如“万事达”卡、“威萨”卡，或者“美国运通”卡。

你若没有信用卡，也许就得付一笔高额押金。

如果你不想花费太多的钱，也可以向二手车租车公司，如Rent—A-Junker和Ugly Ducklin9公司租上一辆二手车。

这类公司的收费往往比较低，而且也不一定非要租车者用信用卡付款不可。

有时它们还给顾客优惠价，使租车的费用总额更为低廉。

欧盟口译教程unit4字幕文章如下：保护自然环境的责任最终属于每个人，而不是政府。

讨论你在多大程度上同意或不同意上述观点。

从你自己的经历、观察或阅读中，用理由和/或例子来支持你的观点。

虽然几乎每个人都会在原则上同意，保护自然环境的某些努力符合人类的最大利益，但环境问题总是涉及相互冲突的政治利益和经济利益之间的拉锯战。

正因为如此，由于严重的环境问题通常规模较大，所以需要政府的参与来确保环境的保护。

经验告诉我们，个人倾向于为自己的短期经济和政治利益而行动，而不是为环境或公众。

例如，目前的技术使完全消除汽车的污染排放成为可能。

然而，无论是汽车制造商还是消费者都不愿意或能够自愿做出必要的短期牺牲来实现这一目标。

只有政府拥有监管和执行的权力来实施必要的标准，并确保我们实现这些目标。

Responsibility for preserving the natural environment ultimately belongs to each individual person, not to government.Discuss the extent to which you agree or disagree with the opinion stated above. Support your views with reasons and/orexamples from your own experience, observations, or reading.While nearly everyone would agree in principle that certain efforts to preserve the natural environment are in humankinds best interest, environmental issues always involve a tug of war among conflicting political and economic interests. For this reason, and because serious environmental problems are generally large in scale, government participation is needed to ensure environmental preservation.Experience tells us that individuals tend to act on behalf of their own short-term economic and political interest, not on behalf of the environment or the public at large. For example, current technology makes possible the complete elimination of polluting emissions from automobiles. Nevertheless, neither automobile manufacturers nor consumers are willing or able to voluntarily make the short-term sacrifices necessary to accomplish this goal. Only the government holds the regulatory and enforcement power to impose the necessary standards and to ensure that we achieve such goals.。