SAT阅读练习题

sat试题及答案解析SAT试题及答案解析1. 阅读下列句子，选择最恰当的词汇填入空白处。

句子：The artist's new painting was a _______ of colors that left the audience in awe.选项：A. explosionB. collectionC. mixtureD. gathering答案：A解析：在这个句子中，"explosion"（爆炸）一词用来形容色彩的强烈和丰富，给人以强烈的视觉冲击，因此是最合适的词汇。

2. 阅读以下段落，回答以下问题。

段落：In the early morning, the sun rose slowly over the horizon, casting a golden glow on the sleepy town. The streets were still quiet, with only a few people walking by.问题：What time of day is described in the passage?答案：Early morning解析：文中提到“the sun rose slowly over the horizon”和“streets were still quiet”，这些描述都暗示了时间是清晨。

3. 完成以下数学题。

题目：If a car travels 120 miles in 3 hours, what is its speed in miles per hour?答案：40 mph解析：速度的计算公式是距离除以时间。

因此，120英里除以3小时等于40英里每小时。

4. 阅读下列句子，判断下列陈述是否正确。

句子：The scientist's hypothesis was proven incorrectafter the experiment.陈述：The experiment confirmed the scientist's hypothesis.答案：错误解析：句子中提到“hypothesis was proven incorrect”，意味着实验结果与科学家的假设相反，因此陈述是错误的。

sat试题及答案SAT试题及答案一、阅读理解（共20题，每题2分，总计40分）1. 根据文章A，作者主要讨论了什么主题？A. 环境保护的重要性B. 科技发展对环境的影响C. 可持续发展的策略D. 气候变化的成因答案：C2. 文章B中提到的“生态足迹”是指什么？A. 人类对自然资源的消耗量B. 人类对环境的污染程度C. 人类对生物多样性的影响D. 人类对气候系统的影响答案：A...20. 文章T中作者对于未来的看法是什么？A. 悲观的B. 乐观的C. 中立的D. 无法确定答案：B二、写作（共1题，总计20分）21. 根据所给材料，写一篇不少于500字的议论文，阐述你对“教育公平”的看法。

答案：略三、数学（共20题，每题2分，总计40分）22. 如果一个圆的半径是5厘米，那么它的面积是多少平方厘米？A. 78.5B. 100C. 157D. 196答案：A23. 一个直角三角形的两条直角边分别是3厘米和4厘米，那么它的斜边是多少厘米？A. 5B. 6C. 7D. 8答案：A...41. 如果一个数列的前三项是2, 4, 6，那么这个数列的第10项是多少？A. 20B. 22C. 24D. 26答案：A四、语法（共20题，每题2分，总计40分）42. 下列句子中，语法正确的是：a) She is one of the student who is going to the concert.b) He has more books than me.c) The children was playing in the park.d) I have been living here for two years.答案：d43. 选择正确的动词形式填空：The teacher _______ (explain/explained) the concept to the students yesterday.答案：explained...61. 选择正确的形容词填空：The _______ (boring/interested) lecture made the audience fell asleep.答案：boring五、词汇（共10题，每题2分，总计20分）62. 选择与“innovative”意思相近的词：A. TraditionalB. ConservativeC. CreativeD. Outdated答案：C63. 选择与“compromise”意思相反的词：A. AgreementB. DisputeC. ConflictD. Resolution答案：C...71. 选择与“meticulous”意思相同的词：A. CarelessB. SloppyC. ThoroughD. Haphazard答案：C请注意：以上内容为示例，实际SAT试题及答案会根据考试的具体内容而有所不同。

2023年SAT考试真题【正文部分】有关2023年SAT考试的真题，我们将提供一些范例问题供您参考。

这些问题旨在帮助您更好地了解SAT考试的题型和难度，但这些问题并非真正的2023年SAT考试题目。

请注意，以下范例问题中的题型和难度可能与实际考试有所不同。

Reading Section (阅读理解部分)范例问题1：Passage 1（以下是一篇关于自然保护的文章）According to the passage, which of the following best describes the ecological impact of deforestation?(A) Increase in soil erosion(B) Decrease in carbon emissions(C) Growth of natural habitats(D) Improvement of air quality范例问题2：Passage 2（以下是一篇关于历史文化的文章）What is the main idea conveyed in this passage?(A) The significance of traditional cuisine in shaping cultural identity(B) The impact of globalization on local food customs(C) The health benefits of adopting a plant-based diet(D) The rise in popularity of fast food chains worldwideWriting and Language Section (写作与语言部分)范例问题1：Choose the option that best replaces the underlined portion of the sentence.The scientist's research is conducted with extreme care, and the results were analyzed meticulously.(A) and the results analyzed meticulously.(B) and the results were meticulously analyzed.(C) and the results have been analyzed meticulously.(D) and the results, being meticulously analyzed.范例问题2：Choose the option that corrects the underlined portion of the sentence.The company's new marketing strategy aims to appeal a broader consumer base.(A) to appeal to a broader consumer base.(B) appealing to a broader consumer base.(C) appeal to a broader consumer base.(D) for appealing a broader consumer base.范例问题1：If f(x) = 2x^2 - 3, what is the value of f(4)?(A) 21(B) 23(C) 25(D) 29范例问题2：The graph of y = 2x + 1 is a straight line that passes through which of the following points?(A) (0, 1)(B) (1, 2)(C) (-1, -1)(D) (2, 5)在SAT考试中，作文题目会根据不同年份的考试有所变化，因此无法提供2023年SAT作文的真正题目。

2023年SAT英语阅读真题2023年SAT英语阅读考试将涵盖多个主题和文本类型，以评估学生在阅读理解方面的能力。

以下是一些示例题目，供学生们了解考试形式和要求。

题目1：Passage 1：In recent years, there has been a growing interest in sustainable agriculture, which focuses on environmentally friendly farming practices. Sustainable agriculture aims to minimize the negative impact on ecosystems, reduce the use of chemical inputs, and promote biodiversity. While it is a promising approach to address the environmental challenges, there are also concerns about its economic feasibility and scalability.Passage 2：One of the key components of sustainable agriculture is organic farming. Organic farming relies on natural fertilizers and biological pest control methods, instead of synthetic chemicals. This not only reduces the pollution of soil and water, but also improves the quality and nutritional value of crops. However, organic farming often requires more labor and expertise, leadingto higher production costs and limited scalability.Passage 3：Another aspect of sustainable agriculture is precision farming, which utilizes advanced technologies such as GPS and remote sensing to optimizethe use of resources. Precision farming allows farmers to monitor and manage their fields more efficiently, thereby reducing waste and enhancing productivity. Despite its potential benefits, precision farming requires substantial initial investments, making it less accessible to small-scale farmers.题目2：Passage 1：The Internet of Things (IoT) refers to a network of interconnected devices that can collect and exchange data without human intervention. This technology has the potential to revolutionize various industries, including healthcare, transportation, and manufacturing. However, there are also concerns about privacy and security risks associated with the massive amount of data generated by IoT devices.Passage 2：One of the applications of IoT is in healthcare, where connected devices can monitor patients' vital signs and provide real-time data to healthcare professionals. This enables early detection of health issues and timely interventions, improving patient outcomes. Nevertheless, the collection and storage of personal health data raise concerns about privacy breaches and unauthorized access.Passage 3：IoT also plays a significant role in smart cities, where sensors and devices are used to monitor and manage various aspects of urban life, suchas traffic flow, air quality, and energy consumption. This allows cities to become more efficient, sustainable, and livable. However, the reliance on interconnected devices also exposes cities to cyber threats, such as hacking and data manipulation.题目3：Passage 1：The concept of universal basic income (UBI) has gained attention in recent years as a solution to income inequality and job displacement caused by automation. UBI proposes providing a periodic cash payment to all individuals, regardless of their employment status. Proponents argue that UBI can guarantee a basic standard of living and promote economic stability and social justice. However, critics raise concerns about the affordability and potential disincentive to work.Passage 2：UBI experiments have been conducted in several countries, providing valuable insights into its impact on society. For example, the pilot program in Finland showed that UBI recipients experienced less stress and improved overall well-being. However, the program did not lead to a significant increase in employment rates. This raises questions about the long-term sustainability and effectiveness of UBI as a policy.Passage 3：UBI also poses challenges in terms of funding and implementation. Critics argue that financing UBI would require significant tax increases orbudget reallocation, which could negatively affect the economy. Moreover, determining the appropriate amount of UBI and eligibility criteria is a complex and subjective task, which may result in unintended consequences and dependency on government support.以上是2023年SAT英语阅读真题的内容描述。

[sat阅读真题]sat阅读第一篇sat阅读:SAT的阅读美文FictionJames Agee, A Death in the FamilyKingsley Amis, Lucky JimJane Austen, EmmaMansfield ParkPride and PrejudiceJames Baldwin, Go Tell It on the MountainCharlotte Bronte, Jane EyreVilletteJoseph Conrad, The Heart of DarknessStephen Crane, The Open BoatCharles Dickens, Barnaby RudgeGreat E某pectationsLittle DorrittNicholas NickelbyOur Mutual FriendMargaret Drabble, A Summer Bird-CageGeorge Eliot, MiddlemarchRalph Ellison, The Invisible ManWilliam Faulkner, Collected Stories of William Faulkner Intruder in the DustSartorisF. Scott Fitzgerald, Babylon RevisitedThe Great GatsbyE.M. Forster, A Room with a ViewElizabeth Gaskell, CranfordSylvias LoversWilliam Golding, Lord of the FliesGraham Greene, The Heart of the MatterOur Man in HavanaThe Power and the GloryThe Third ManThomas Hardy, Far from the Madding Crowd第二篇sat阅读:如何快速有效地找到SAT阅读文章的答案SAT阅读其实是一个特别考察英语基本素质的部分。

sat模拟试题1. 阅读理解Passage 1Date: January 14thTime: 9:00 am - 12:00 pmLocation: Room 205Passage 2Date: January 15thTime: 1:00 pm - 4:00 pmLocation: Room 308Passage 3Date: January 16thTime: 9:00 am - 12:00 pmLocation: Room 101Passage 4Date: January 16thTime: 2:00 pm - 5:00 pmLocation: Room 3042. 数学问题a) 用方程y = mx + c表示一条直线，其中m为斜率，c为y轴截距。

给定点A(2, 4)和B(4, 8)，求通过这两点的直线方程。

b) 如果一辆汽车以每小时60英里的速度行驶，那么它以每分钟多少英尺的速度行驶？（1英里=5280英尺）c) 华氏温度和摄氏温度之间的关系可以用公式F = (9/5)C + 32来表示，其中F表示华氏温度，C表示摄氏温度。

如果一个地方的气温是摄氏20度，请问相应的华氏温度是多少？3. 语法问题在下列句子中，选择适当的动词形式填空。

a) The cat (is, are) playing in the garden.b) My brother and I (go, goes) to the same school.c) The book, along with its contents, (is, are) on the table.4. 写作任务请你根据下面的题目，撰写一篇关于自然保护的短文。

题目：保护海洋生态环境的重要性海洋生态环境对地球上的生态系统和人类生存都至关重要。

然而，由于人类活动的过度干扰和污染，海洋生物多样性面临严重威胁。

因此，保护海洋生态环境至关重要。

首先，海洋生态环境为无数物种提供了栖息和繁衍的场所。

3The passages below are followed by questions based on their content; questions following a pair of related passages may also be based on the relationship between the paired passages. Answer the questions on the basis of what is stated or implied in the passages and in any introductory material that may be provided.Questions 6-9 are based on the following passages. Passage 1The eighteenth-century botanist Carolus Linnaeus'enormous and essential contribution to natural historywas to devise a system of classification whereby anyplant or animal could be identified and slotted into5 an overall plan. Yet Linnaeus himself would probably have been the first to admit that classification is onlya tool. and not the ultimate purpose. of biological inquiry. Unfortunately, this truth was not apparentto his immediate successors, who for the next hundred10 years were to concern themselves almost exclusivelywith classification.Passage 2I am a heretic about Linnaeus. Ido not dispute thevalue of the tool he gave natural science, but I am waryabout the change it has effected on humans' relationship 15 to the world. From Linnaeus on. much of science has been devoted to sorting masses into individual entitiesand arranging the entities neatly. The cost of having so successfully itemized and pigeonholed nature is to limitcertain possibilities of seeing and apprehending. For20 example. the- modem human thinks that he or she can best understand a tree (or a species of tree) by examininga single tree. But trees are not intended to grow in isolation. They are social creatures. and their society in tum supports other species of plants. insects. birds. mammals. and micro- 25 organisms. all of which make up the whole experience of the woods. '6. Compared to the author of Passage 2. the authorof Passage l regards Linnaeus with more(A) cynicism(B) bafflement(C) appreciation(D) nostalgia(E) resentment7 Unlike the author of Passage l, the author of Passage 2 makes use of(A) scientific data (B) literary allusion(C) historical research(D) personal voice(E) direct citation8 Both passages emphasize which of the following aspects of Linnaeus' work?(A) The extent to which it contributed to naturalscience(B) The way in which it limits present-day science(C) 'Die degree to which it revived interest in biology(D) 'l`he decisiveness with which it settled scientific disputes(E) The kinds of scientific discoveries on whichit built `9 The author of Passage 1 would most likely respondto the opening of Passage 2 (lines 12- I7) by arguingthat the author of Passage 2 has(A) demonstrated that Linnaeus should be betterknown as a scientist than he currently is(B) minimized the achievements of those scientistswho built on Linnaeus' work(C) refused to appreciate the importance of proper classification to scientific progress(D) failed to distinguish the ideas of Linnaeus fromthose of his followers(E) misunderstood Linnaeus` primary contributionto natural historyQuestions 10-15 are based on the following passage.The following is an excerpt from a translation of a novel written in Spanish by an author from Colombia. In a fanciful manner. the novelist portrays the townspeopleof an isolated village.Dazzled by so many and such marvelous inventions, the people of Macondo did not know where their amazement began. They stayed up all night looking at the pale electric bulbs fed by the electric plant that Aureliano Triste had5 brought back when the train made its second trip, and ittook time and effort for them to grow accustomed to itsobsessive noise.They became indignant over the living images that the prosperous merchant Bnino Crespi projected on the screen 10 in the theater with the lion-head ticket windows, for the character who had died and was buried in one film, and for whose misfortune tears of affliction had been shed, would reappear alive and transformed into an Arab sheik in the next one. The audience. who paid two cents apiece to share 15 the difficulties of the actors, would not tolerate such an outlandish fraud and they broke up the seats. The mayor,at the urging of Bruno Crespi, explained in a proclamation that the cinema was a machine of illusions that did not merit the emotional outbursts of the audience. With that20 discouraging explanation many felt that they had been the victims of some new trickery and they decided not to return to the movies. considering that they already had too many troubles of their own to weep over the acted-out misfor- tunes of imaginary beings.25 Something similar happened with cylinder phonographsbrought from France and intended as a substitute for theantiquated hand organs used by the band of musicians. Fora time the phonograph records had serious effects on thelivelihood of the musicians. At first curiosity increased the 30 business on the street where they were sold and there waseven word of respectable persons who disguised them-selves as workers in order to observe the novelty of thephonograph at firsthand. but from so much and such close observation they soon reached the conclusion that it was 35 not an enchanted mill as everyone had thought and as somehad said, but a mechanical trick that could not be compared with something so moving, so human, and so full of every- day truth as a band of musicians. It was such a serious disappointment that when phonographs became so popular 40 that there was one in every house they were not considered objects for amusement for adults but as something good for children to take apart.On the other hand, when someone from the town had the opportunity to test the crude reality of the telephone45 installed in the railroad station, which was thought to bea rudimentary version of the phonograph because of itscrank. even the most incredulous were upset. It was as ifGod had decided to put to the test every capacity for sur-prise :ind was keeping the inhabitants of Macondo in a50 permanent alternation between excitement and disappoint-ment. doubt and revelation, to such an extreme that no oneknew for certain where t.he limits of reality lay.10 The word "obsessive" (line 7) most nearly means(A) enthusiastic(B) persistent(C) obvious(D) infatuated(E) hardworking11 The "fraud" (line 16) that upset the citizens of Macondowas related to the(A) excessive charge for admission(B) outlandish adventures of the characters on the screen(C) fact that the events depicted on the screen did not actuallyoccur(D) types of difficulties the actors faced(E) implausible plots of the stories that were told12 The citizens lost interest in their phonographs(A) the machines lacked the heart and soul of true musicians(B) few people were able to operate them(C) the machines were too difficult to observe firsthand(D) many musicians lost their jobs because of(E) the children were breaking them faster than were made13 The citizens of Macondo were distressed by the of thetelephone because they(A) did not know where it had come from(B) had expected a more socially beneficial invention(C) could envision the changes it would bring to daily village life(D) no longer felt able to make the usual assumptions about their world(E) were fearful that it would have serious effects on their continued employment14 The aspect of the new inventions that most disappointed the citizens was that these inventions(A) were not all fashioned with a crank(B) did not have any real educational value(C) were not at all what they seemed to be(D) were meant purely for entertainment(E) were so intricate they were difficult to operate15 The major purpose of the passage is to(A) illustrate the influence the distinguished residents of Macondo had on the other citizens(B) describe the new scientific inventions that were introduced to Macondo(C) depict a diverse crowd reacting in unison to amagical performance(D) describe the people's responses to the influx oftechnical advances(E) delineate old-fashioned ideas about the virtue ofnature over technologyQuestions 16-24 are based on the following passage.This passage is by a choreographer who worked with the influential dancer and choreographer Martha Graham (1894-1991). It focuses on the use of space and gesture in dance.I am not an adept aesthetician, and I could not presume to an alyze Nlartha’s sense of design or approach toward design. But I believe she dealt with the elements of line and direction with the instincts of a mathematician or physicist.5 adding to each their emotional relations. For example. astraight line rarely, if ever, occurs in nature, but it doesoccur in art, and it is used in art with various tellingeffects. Direction works similar magic. An approachingbody produces one kind of emotional line, a receding or 10 departing body another; the meeting of two forces produces visual. kinesthetic, and emotional effects. with a world of suggestibility around them like a penumbra that evokes many ideas and emotions whenever these forms are manip- ulated. Basic human gesture: assume, therefore. an almost 15 mystic power. The simple maneuver of turning the face away. for example, removes personality, relationship. Not only mat, it seems to alter the relation of the individual to present time and present place, to make here-and-now other-where and other-time. It also shifts the particular20 personality to the general and the symbolic. This is the power of the human face and the human regard. and the meeting of the eyes is probably as magic a connection as can be made on this earth. equal to any amount of electrical shock or charge. It represents the heart of dynamism. life 25 itself. The loss of that regard reduces all connections to nothingness and void."Turning one`s back" has become a common figure of speech. It means withholding approval. disclaiming. negat- ing: and, in fact. in common conduct the physical turning 30 of the back is equated with absolute negation and insult.No back is turned on a royal personage or :r figure of high respect. This is linked with the loss of visual contact and regard. One cuts dead by not meeting the eyes.We know much about emotional symbols. Those used35 by the medieval and Renaissance painters were understoodby the scholars and artists of the time-but. more wonder-ful. they mean to us today spontaneously just what tl1ey meant then; they seem to be permanent. We dream. Jung`tells us. in terms and symbols of classic mythology. And40 since. according to Jung, all people share a “collectiveunconscious." people from disparate traditions nonethelessdream in the same terms. ls it not also likely. then, thatcertain space relations, rhythms. and stresses have psy-chological significance. that some of these pattems are45 universal and the key to emotional response. that theirdeviations and modifications can be meaningful to artistsin terms of their own life experiences and that these over-tones are grasped by spectators without conscious arzalysis?These matters are basic to our well-being as land and air50 animals. As plants will tum to sunlight or rocks or moisture according to their nature, so we bend toward or escapefrom spatial arrangements according to our emotional needs. Look around any restaurant and see how few people will sit at a center table unless the sides are filled up. Yet55 monarchs of old always dined dead center and many Limqin public.The individual as a personality. then, has a particular :code in space and rhythm, evolved from his or her life Qhistory and from the history of the human race. It is just60 the manipulation of these suggestions through time-space that is the material of choreography. ‘*A Swiss psychologist (1875-1961)16. The first two sentences (lines l-5) are characterized, respectively, byA disclaimer and assertionB invocation and definitionC apology and confessionD authority and hypothesisE rebuttal and analysis17. In lines 5-6. the statement "a straight line rarely, if ever. occurs in nature” emphasizes the author’s recognition of the(A) choreographer’s need for spectacular effects(B) choreographer’s use of mathematical forms(C) choreographer’s estrangement from nature(D) impossibility of performing certain choreographer motions(E) universality of geometrical forms18. By saying that the meeting of two forces produces effectsthat have "a world of suggestibility around them" (lines l l-12) the author means that the physical event(A) provokes unwarranted suspicions(B) reveals the motives of the artist(C) acts on the gullibility of the audience(D) lulls the audience into complacent acceptance(E) evokes a vast number of associations19. The authors main point about "human gestures"(line 14) is that they(A) are not subject to an individuals control( B ) are difficult to analyze without scientific terminology(C) provoke different responses in people(D) carry powerful. universally understood messages(E) evolve with changes in cultural hierarchy20 The author mentions "the meeting of the eyes" '(lines 2|-22) to suggest the(A)effect that tank or status has on gestural meaning(B)difficulty of controlling emotional symbols(C)degree to which body language is not a function of personality(D)extent of the power of individual human contact(E)nature of artistically pleasing events21 The author suggests which of the following aboutthe work of "medieval and Renaissance painters" (line 35) ?(A) It was influenced by its royal patronage.( B) It was conceived more spontaneously than is modem art.(C) It should be cherished for its unique symbolism.(D) It contains symbols that are immediately accessible to contemporary viewers.(E) It is an unsophisticated version of symbolism developed later by choreographers.22 As used in line 43. "stresses" most nearly means(A) emphases(B) loads(C) anxieties(D) influences(E) sounds23 As used in line 48. "grasped" most nearly means(A)adhered to(B) seized on(C) controlled(D) held(E) understood 24 The author suggests that people in a restaurant (lines 53-54) are expressing their emotional need for(A) unhindered interaction(B) relative privacy(C) respect from strangers(D) approval from others(E) reclusive isolation7The passages below are followed by questions based on their content; questions following a pair of related passages may alsobe based on the relationship between the paired passages. Answer the questions on the basis of what is stared or implied in the passages and in any introductory material that may be provided.Questions 9~l0 are based on the following passage.When the tide was in and the water rose up to withina foot of the lawn. we children boasted that we could fishout of our bedroom windows. This was not quite true. But it was true that, from our front lawn, the house was full of 5 waves. When the tide was up and the sun was shining. the white front of the house was in movement with reflected waves. The tall windows became so solid in color and form, gold and blue. that the house seemed to be hill of Sea; until, of course. one turned round and saw the teal10 sea. so miraculously real that it startled.9. What does the narrator mean by the comment “the house was full of waves” (lines 4-5)(A) The house ws decorated with a nautical theme.(B) The children enjoyed drawing pictures of the sea.(C) The house mirrored the movements of the sea.(D) 'The basement of the house sometimes killed with water.(E) The house appeared as if it had been damaged by the sea.10. In context. the tone of lines 5-10 (“When . . . startled") is best described as one of(A) awe and fear(B) mischief and curiosity(C) sadness and confusion(D) wonder and delight(E) uncertainty and impatienceQuestions 11-12 are based on the following passage.Recently excavated artifacts from Pakistan have inspireda reevaluation of one of the great early urban cultures--theenigmatic Indus Valley civilization. one of the four greatearly Old World state-cultures, along with Mesopotamia,5 Egypt, and China's Yellow River civilization Much lessis known about the Indus civilization than these other states because linguists have yet to decipher the Harappan script found on recovered objects. Attempting to understand these vanished people and their social structures, my colleagues 10 and I have drawn clues from the miscellaneous objects we uncover and sites we excavate. In this effort, the Harappan writings have not been totally useless; we have gleanedinsights by examining the context of the writing's use.11. A major assumption of the passage is that(A) the spot within an excavated site where an object is found is a clue to its social significance(B) it is a great help in understanding a civilization tobe able to decode its language'(C) there are similarities among the social structures of ancient urban civilizations(D) an effective archaeologist should learn the language of the civilization being studied(E) ancient languages are all very difficult to decipher12. 'The author’s tone in the final sentence is best described as(A) frustrated(B) resigned(C) ambivalent(D) somewhat encouraged(E) unshakably confidentQuestions 13-24 are based on the following passages.These were two passages. written in the 1990’s. address the ways in which environmental consent: have been made public. Passage 1There is nothing wrong with attempting to make theoften difficult and complex Endings of science availableto a wider audience. but environmental popularizers often present a one-sided picture and hide important scientific5 disagreements on issues relevant to environmental quality.The zeal to draw firm conclusions from the results of sci-entific research frequently prompts speculative mattersto be left out or presented with greater authority than theydeserve. The partisanship implicit in these failures is most10 often excused by the originality of the author’s perspectiveon the subject or a passionate commitment to do good.H ow could one regret the “minor” confusions that mightarise from such noble impuises?But using one-sided and incomplete accounts of the state15 of scientific knowledge has led to projections, predictions, and warnings that. not surprisingly, have been falsified byevents. No one knows what the future holds. But reports that Lake Erie and the oceans would be dead by now were surely greatly exaggerated. The United States is wracked 20 neither by food riots nor a great epidemic of pesticide- induced cancers. Birds continue to sing in the mornings, and they do not have to face the rigors of either an ice age caused by humans or a global warming caused by the heat of increased energy production and consumption. With25 what confidence should we look upon the projected honors of global warming. rain forest destruction, or toxic waste, given the record of the past?This failure of prophecy may be an intellectual weakness. yet prophecy continues because it provides the popularizers 30 with a profound rhetorical strength: it releases the power of fear. 'lite central role of this sentiment in political rhetoric has long been understood. Arousing fear. though. is not always easy. Even as far back as Aristotle. it was observed that we fear things less the more distant they are. Hence35 when Churchill sought to rouse the British. he brought the Germans to the beaches. landing grounds, fields. streets. and hills of "our island.“ So. too. to arouse fears the popu- larizers have to present pict1.tres of imminent calamities that could befall their relatively comfortable and well-off 40 readers. Environmental disasters like endemic waterbome disease due to inadequate sewage treatment in faraway nations do not Et this category. The prospect of my getting skin cancer due to ozone depletion does. Without such immediacy. one could only arouse a sentiment like com-45 passion. which is not as strong as fear.Passage 2Few ideas are more deeply entrenched in our political culture than that of impending ecological doom.in l962., when Rachel Carson wamed readers that polluting was a threat to all life on the planet, pessimistic appraisal;50 of the health of the environment have been issued with increasing urgency. And yet. thanks in large part to her Q warnings. a powerful political movement was born and a series of landmark environmental bills became law: the fs; Clean Air Act (1970). the Clean Water Act (l972), and55 the Endangered Species Act (1973). These laws and their ` equivalents i.n Western Europe, along with a vast array of private efforts, have been a stunning success. ln both the United States and Europe, environmental trends are, forth; most part, positive; and environmental regulations, far from 60 being burdensome and expensive, have proved to be strik--ingly effective, have cost less than was anticipated, andhave made the economies of the countries that havethem into effect stronger. not weaker.Nevertheless, the vocabulary of environmentalism has65 continued to be dominated by images of futility. crisis, anddecline. In 1988. Thomas Berry, an essayist popular amongec ologists. wrote that “the planet canno t long endure present modes of human exploitation.” ln 1990, Gaylord Ne lsonthe former senator from Wisconsin who was a prime mover 70 behind the first Earth Day in l970, said that environmental problems “are a greater threat to Earth's life-sustaining systems than a nuclear war." And in l993 Vice PresidentAl Gore said that the planet now was sufferi ng ‘grave and perhaps irreparable damage." But. at least insofar as the75 Western world is concerned. this line of thought is an anachronism. rendered obsolete by its own success. Norare environmentalists the only people reluctant to acknowl- edge the good news: advocates at both ends of the political; spectrum. each side for its own reasons, seem to have80 tacitly agreed to play it down. The Left is afraid of the environmental good news because it undercuts stylish pessimism: the Right is afraid of the good news becauseit shows that government regulations might occasionally amount to something other than wickedness incarnate and85 actually produce benefits at an affordable costThis is a bad bargain-for liberals especially. Their philosophy is under siege on many fronts-crime welfare? medical care, and education. among others. So why not trumpet the astonishing, and continuing, record of success90 in environmental protection?13. l.n line 14, “state" most nearly means(A) rank(B) excitement(C) territory(D) government(E) condition14.The author of Passage l indicates that "food riots" (line 20) and "pesticide-induced cancers" (lines 20~21) are(A)problems the nation will ultimately encounter(B)problems facing underdeveloped areas of the world(C)among the predictions of environmental popularizers(D)among the consequences of global warming(E)potential results of the pollution of lakes and oceans15 The term "rigors" in line 22 refers to(A)the efforts needed for environmental cleanup(B)stringent regulations put in place since 1970(C)moralistic attitudes of many environmental popularizers(D)projected consequences of environmental decline(E)ability of nature to recover from environmental abuse16 The author of Passage l uses the example in lines 42-43 ("The prospect. . . does") to(A)describe a personal experience(B)imply that the subject should not be frightening(C)elicit sympathy from the reader(D)demonstrate a psychological fact(E)emphasize the prevalence of a crisis17 The first paragraph of Passage 2(lines 46-63) presents(A)an elaborate speculation(B)a historical summary(C)a list of sources(D)an Introductory aside(E)a scientific theory18 ln Passage I. the phrase "rendered . . success" (line76)indicates that(A)the desires of environmentalists have changed over the years(B)the success of the environmental movement has frightened conservative politicians(C)the accomplishments of the environmental movement have made its public pronouncements irrelevant(D)environmentalists often appear old-fashioned in a world primarily concerned with technology(E)environmentalism plays on the political concerns of both liberals and conservatives19 The Phrase "wickedness incarnate" (line84)is used to(A)cast aspersions on bureaucratic ineptitude(B) parody the language used by people with certain political leanings(C) convey humorously a deep longing of the author(D) rail against blatant polluters of the environment(E)suggest the quasi-religious underpinnings of environmentalism20 The attitudes toward environmentalism of the authors of Passage l and Passage 2. respectively. are(A)outrage and resentful disappointment(B)skepticism and qualified admiration(C) indifference and urgent concern(D) alarm and grudging acceptance (E) open-mindedness and staunch advocacy21 What would the author or Passage I most likely say about the sort of reports mentioned in lines l7~l9 of Passage l ?(A) They were unethical attempts to manipulate public opinion(B) They reflected the scientific uncertainty of their era.(C) They seem quite naive in retrospect.(D) They served a purpose in their time.(E) They are needed today more than ever.22 The author of Passage l would most likely argue that the "line oftl1ought" (line 75) illustrated in Passage 2 was(A) once original hut is now trite(B) once wholly based on science but is now driven by politics(C) in no way meant to be taken literally(D) of no significance to faraway nations(E) of dubious validity from the beginning23 How would the author of Passage l be most likely to answer the question posed at the end of Passage 2(A)Because good news is less of a stimulus to action than are dire warnings(B)Because environmentalists fear alienating either the Left or the Right(C)Because environmentalists themselves are divided about whether their task has been accomplished(D)Because boasting is still considered in appropriate by the liberal elite(E)Because laypersons lack the training to evaluate the environmental record24 The authors of Passage l and Passage 2 agree that(A)the state of the environment continues to worsen(B)the environmental movement lacks political influence(C)most of the information citizens receive about the environment is overly technical(D)spokespeople for the environmental movement art not sufficiently knowledgeable(E)the environmental movement employs exaggerated rhetoric9The passage below is followed by questions based on its content. Answer the questions on the basis of what is stated or implied in the passage and in any introductory material that may be provided.Questions 7-19 are based on the following passage. Frederick Douglass (1817-1895), who escaped from slavery, became an author and publisher and was internationally known for his instrumental role in the abolitionist movement.In spite of the ridicule that various newspapers aimed at the women’s movement, Frederick Douglass continued to lend it his active support. Indeed, few women’s rights con- ventions were held during the l850’s at which Douglas s5 was not a featured speaker and whose proceedings were notfully reported in his paper. Invariably. the notice would be accompanied by an editorial comment hailing the meeting and expressing the editorial hope that it “will have a power- fu l effect on the public’s mind." In 1853,`when Douglass 10 was considering changing the name of his newspaper, he rejected the proposed title, The Brotherhood, because it “implied the exclusion of the Sisterhood." He called itFrederick Douglass' Paper, and underneath the title werethe words "All Rights For All!" '15 Because women were not permitted to speak at mass meetings of state temperance associations,| women in New York formed the Woman's State Temperance Society, with Elizabeth Cady Stanton as president. Douglass supported the society but took issue with the move led by secretary20 Amelia Bloomer to limit to women the right to hold its offices. He aligned himself with Stanton and Susan B. Anthony in opposing this as a violat ion of “the principleof human equality"-a violation, in short. of men’s rights. Douglass felt that by excluding men from office the society 25 would lose supporters in the battle against those in the temperance movement who wished to deny women equal rights. l-low. he asked. could women effectively contendfor equality in the movement when they denied it to men?ln lune l853. the society accepted the logic of this position 30and admitted men to office.Douglass leamed much from women with whom he associated at the national and state women`s rights conven- tions. At one time, he had entertained serious doubts about wives being given the tight to share equally with their 35 husbands the disposition of property. since “the husband labors hard" while the wife might not be earning money. But his discussions with pioneers of the women’s rights movement convinced him that even though wives were not paid for their domestic labors, their work was as important 40 to the family as that of their husbands. Once convinced, he acted. He wrote the call for the 1853 convention in Rochester, New York. which demanded not only that women be paid equally with men for their work. but also that women. including married women. have equal rights 45 with men in the ownership and disposition of property. ln his newspaper that year. Douglass urged state legislation calling for passage of a law requiring equality in "the holding. and division of real and personal property.”On one issue, however,Douglass refused to budge.50 He was critical of women’s rights leaders who addressed audiences from \which Black people were barred. His particular target was Lucy Stone. Douglass often praised this abolitionist and veteran lighter for equal tights for women. but he criticized her for not having canceled a _ 55 lecture in l853 at Philadelphi a’s Music Hall when she discovered that Black people would be excluded. Later.he was more severe when he learned that she had invited Senator Stephen A. Douglas of Illinois, one of the archi- tects of the infamous Fugitive Slave Act of 1850.3 to join 60 the women who were to meet in Chicago in i859 to pub- licize the women’s rights cause. Frederick Douglass bluntly accused Stone of willingness to advance women’s rights on the back of “the defenceless slave woman" who "has alsoto bear the ten thousand wrongs of slavery in addition to 65 the common wrongs of woman."Douglass' disputes with some of the women’s rights leaders went beyond the question of their appearance before segregated audiences. Women like Stanton and Anthony were close to abolitionist William Lloyd Garrison.70 When Douglass split with Garrison over the latter’s reli-ance on words and “moral suasion” as the maj or route to abolition. as well as over Garrison`s opposition to anti-slavery political action, some women’s tights leaders grew。

2023年SAT英语阅读真题解析2023年2023年SAT英语阅读真题解析2023年SAT英语阅读真题如下：Passage 1：Climate Change and Its Impact on Global HealthQuestions：1. According to the passage, what is the primary cause of climate change?2. How does climate change affect human health?3. What are the potential consequences of rising global temperatures?4. What actions are recommended to mitigate the effects of climate change on health?Passage 2：The Benefits of BilingualismQuestions：1. According to the passage, what are the cognitive advantages of bilingual individuals?2. How does bilingualism strengthen communication skills?3. What are the potential benefits of bilingualism in the job market?4. What advice does the author provide for those interested in becoming bilingual?Passage 3：The History of Artificial IntelligenceQuestions：1. According to the passage, when was the term "artificial intelligence" first coined?2. What were the early goals of artificial intelligence research?3. How did the field of artificial intelligence evolve over the years?4. What are the potential future applications of artificial intelligence?Passage 4：The Importance of Financial LiteracyQuestions：1. According to the passage, what is financial literacy?2. Why is financial literacy important for individuals and communities?3. How does financial literacy contribute to personal financial success?4. What recommendations does the author provide for improving financial literacy education?请注意，本次解析将以题目为主线，根据题目需要回答相应的问题。

1 Hoping to ________ the dispute, negotiators proposed a compromise that they felt would be ________to both labour and management.A. efulB. end......divisiveC. overcome......unattractiveD. extend......satisfactoryE. resolve.......acceptable2 The cat demonstrates her astonishing ________by leaping from the low porch step to the top of the five-foot fence.A. balanceB. awkwardnessC. agilityD. heightE. curiosity3 Many healing practices that doctors once derided as ________have now been sanctioned by the medical community.A. benignB. diagnosticC. inefficaciousD. discretionaryE. therapeutic4 The art collection of the children museum is quite ________, ranging from furniture to sculpture to finger painting.A. imaginaryB. repetitiveC. elusiveD. eclecticE. circumscribed5 Before becoming a stockbroker, Victoria had a career as a ________, someone believed to have insights about events beyond ordinary human perception.A. mentorB. profiteerC. counterfeiterD. clairvoyantE. propagandist6 Because Peter ________to finish his homework, the teacher ________him in front of the class.A. hastened....fathomedB. determined.....beratedC. neglected...admonishedD. disdained...circumscribedE. reconciled....alienated7 While the ________explorers faced risks courageously, they were not ________, choosing instead to avoid needless dangers.A. flagrant....punctualB. intrepid....foolhardyC. genial....clandestineD. resolute...amicableE. culpable...irresponsible8 Destruction of rainforest habitat has continued ________in South America due to the relentless ________of human settlement.A. escalating.....destructionB. accelerating...continuanceC. intermittently...growthD. consistently...interferenceE. unabated...encroachment9 Jennifer loves roses for the ________appeal of their petals and leaves, but i am most ________by their olfactory properties.A. arid...detestedB. aesthetic....enthralledC. tactful....estrangedD. visual...appalledE. worldly....obliged10 Onlookers considered Justin a ________after watching him eat; however, little didthey know that he was ________following a week-long hunger strike.A. miser...parchedB. glutton....famishedC. thief....angryD. pariah...starvedE. celebrity....ostracized11 Steven tried hard to give up sweets, but he found it particularly difficult to________chocolate.A. digestB. extolC. impugnD. forgoE. relish12 The library’s collection is a ________of Asian American historical documents,including rare materials about race relations.A. summaryB. fabricationC. consensusD. troveE. replication13 As she surveyed the layers of sediment of deposited over millions of years, Julie reflected on the ________nature of human life.A. ephemeralB. mysticC. amorphousD. incomprehensibleE. grandiose14 Usually ________to criticism, Mr. Smith showed surprising ________at his negative reviews from the critics.A. impervious....piqueB. immune....volubilityC. hostile...truculenceD. disgruntled...dismissivenessE. derisive....rage15 Despite all of the advertisements ________the new products, its first quarter sales were ________.A. criticizing...protractedB. censuring....bellicoseC. lauding...abysmalD. placentE. ousting...prodigal16 Critics describe the new novel as ________, even________; it excoriates teh rich and powerful and sounds a call for the disempowered to mobilize.A. controversial....offensiveB. belligerent...mockingC. salacious...blasphemousD. iconoclastic...revolutionaryE. disturbing...malevolent17 By handing out pamphlets on a busy street corner, members of the organization were able toeffectively ________ their message.A. concealB. mitigateC. reconcileD. oustE. disseminate18 Pat made the descent with unusual caution, placing each foot first ________, then firmly.A. heavenlyB. clumsilyC. tentativelyD. confidentlyE. languidly19 Ms. Turner was an ________opponent, one who never swerved from her purpose and would never compromise or yield.A. inexorableB. ambivalentC. eloquentD. impassiveE. obstreperous20 For all her ________talent, Sylvia Plath could not shake the ________that ultimately drove her to commit suicide.A. extraordinary....reservationsB. honed......sadnessC. considerable.....deliriumD. remarkable....melancholyE. estimable.....disintegration21 In an attempt to malign and misrepresent their opponents, some candidates resort to ________.A. arbitrationB. narcissismC. calumnyD. tenacityE. solicitude22 After tons of waste had been dumped at the landfill, a ________smell emanated from the site.A. luridB. dolefulC. putridD. despicableE. dauntless23 Although most people tend to be resistant to change, they are also quick to ________new technology when it proves useful in daily life.A. embraceB. eschewC. enactD. empowerE. abhor24 Because the media corporation owned such a large portion of the news channels, it enjoyed a high degree of ________in the news market.A. discretionB. zealC. atonementD. monotonyE. monopoly25 The dog sat forlornly beside the door; he had been ________and ________since his master left.A. electrified....contentB. deferential....bemusedC. morose....listlessD. eager....disappointedE. dilatory....exultant26 The ________countryside stretched out before her, cool and quiet in the morning mist.A. raucousB. placidC. livelyD. jadedE. cacophonous27 While the general demand that his men act ________, he also insisted that they not be ________to danger.A. bravely....intrepidB. affirmatively....dubiousC. courageously...obliviousD. lively....incredulousE. floridly....impertinent28 Because the employee’s motives were found to be ________, no disciplinary action will be taken against him for the mistake.A. absurdB. gratuitousC. mellifluousD. benignE. totalitarian29 Rose smiled approvingly but gave neither written nor spoken permission to proceed with the project: her consent, in short, was ________.A. tacitB. ferventC. unqualifiedD. impetuousE. conditional30 As an ardent ________of standardized test preparation, Andrew had a ________ of supporters at the education conference established to promote the test preparation industry.A. critic....multitudeB. proponent....myriadC. ckD. opponent...plethoraE. foe...crowd31 Only________drivers should attempt to ________Black Mountain Road, which includes steep grades and dangerous hairpin curves.A. dedicated...enjoinB. supercilious....driveC. skilled....encounterD. dynamic....derideE. seasoned...negotiate32 Excessive secrecy tends to ________excessive curiosity and thus serves to ________the very impulses against which it guards.A. inhabit....protectB. disguise....supplantC. satisfy...limitD. compel....derideE. invite...provoke33 Because this novel is not so narrowly concerned with ________political issues, it seems as ________today as it did two hundred years ago.A. momentary...derivativeB. evanescent...nostalgicC. transient...freshD. sagacious...wiseE. dated...quaint34 Because an older horse is more ________than a younger one, it is safer for a novice rider.A. frolicsomeB. cantankerousC. gargantuanD. tractableE. precipitate35 Although ________as a masterpiece today, Kate Chopin’s The Awakening was ________by contemporary critics because its heroine violated the standards of social acceptability for women of the 1890’s.A. udedB. derided...rejectedC. hailed....castigatedD. described...disentangledE. enumerated....dismissed36 Apple pie, baseball, rock and roll music, and the stars and stripes of the United States flag are all thought to ________American popular culture.A. satirizeB. affrontC. imitateD. embodyE. dispel37 Her husband planned their entire vacation ________; he had an itinerary broken down into 30-minutes increments of what they would be doing at precisely what time for the eight days that they would be gone.A. tumultuouslyB. meticulouslyC. frivolouslyD. meticulouslyE. arrogantly38 The local animal shelter is funded completely by the ________donations of the community; without the financial aid of the public, it is ________that the shelter would be forced to shut down.A. affluent....conjecturalB. generous....inevitableC. frugal...destinedD. charitable...wantonE. frivolous....neutralized39 Despite the large amount of money that the Mauros spent on their luxury cruise vacation, the food was disappointingly ________, and the entertainment options were very ________.A. dulcet...copiousB. unsavoury...limitedC. regal....scantyD. meagre....conduciveE. presumptuous...Symbolic40 The politician was ________: she refused to change her crooked ways even after being indicated for corruption.A. incorrigibleB. loquaciousC. maudlinD. candidE. ephemeral。

2The passages below are followed by questions based on their content; questions following a pair of related passages may also be based on the relationship between the paired passages. Answer the questions on the basis of what is stated or implied in the passages and in any introductory material that may be provided.Questions 9-12 are based on the following passages. Passage 1The intelligence of dolphins is well documented by sci-ence. Studies show that dolphins are able to understandsign language, solve puzzles, and use objects in their environment as tools. Scientists also believe that dolphins5 possess a sophisticated language: numerous instances havebeen recorded in which dolphins transmitted informationfrom one individual to another. A recent experiment provedthat dolphins can even recognize themselves in a mirrorsomething achieved by very few animals. This behavior10 demonstrates that dolphins are aware of their own indi-viduality, indicating a level of intelligence that may bevery near our own.Passage 2Are dolphins unusually intelligent? Dolphins havelarge brains, but we know that brain size alone does15 not determine either the nature or extent of intelligence.Some researchers have suggested that dolphins have bigbrains because they need them for sonar and soundprocessing and for social interactions. Others have arguedthat regardless of brain size, dolphins have an intelligence20 level somewhere between that of a dog and a chimpanzee. The fact is, we don¡¯t know, and comparisons may not be especially helpful. Just as human intelligence is appropri-ate for human needs, dolphin intelligence is right for the dolphin’s way of life. Until we know more, all we can say25 is that dolphin intelligence is different.9. In lines 2-8, the author of Passage 1 mentions activities that suggest dolphinsA are unusually sensitive to their environmentB do not generally thrive in captivityC have a unique type of intelligence .D are uncommonly playful animalsE have skills usually associated with humans10.The author of Passage 2 would most likely respond to the last sentence of Passage 1 byA suggesting that intelligence in animals is virtually impossible to measureB observing that intelligence does not mean the same thing for every speciesC questioning the objectivity of the studies already conductedD noting that dolphin activities do not require a high level of intelligenceE arguing that little is actually known about dolphin social behavior11 . The two passages differ in their views of dolphin intelligence in that Passage 1 states that dolphinsA share a sophisticated culture, while Passage 2contends that dolphin intelligence is roughly equal to human intelligenceB are as intelligent as humans, while Passage 2 notes that dolphins outperform other animalsC are more intelligent than most other animals, while Passage 2 points out that dolphins are less intelligent than other mammalsD are highly intelligent, while Passage 2 suggests that there is not enough evidence to understand dolphin intelligence fullyE have large brains, while Passage 2 argues that brain size does not signify intelligence12.Which generalization about dolphins is supported by both passages?A They display self-awareness.B They are more emotional than other animals.C They learn at a rapid rate.D They have a certain degree of intelligence.E They have shown the ability to use tools.Questions 13-24 are based on the following passage.The following passage appeared in an essay written in 1987 in which the author, who is of Native American descent, examines the representation of Native Americans during the course of United States history.In many respects living Native Americans remain as mysterious, exotic, and unfathomable to their contempo-raries at the end of the twentieth century as they were to the Pilgrim settlers over three hundred fifty years ago. Native5 rights, motives, customs, languages, and aspirations are misunderstood by Euro-Americans out of a culpable igno-rance that is both self-serving and self-righteous. Part ofthe problem may well stem from the long.b standing ten-dency of European or Euro-American thinkers to regard10 Native Americans as fundamentally and profoundlydifferent, motivated more often by mysticism than byambition, charged more by unfathomable visions thanby intelligence or introspection.This idea is certainly not new. Rousseau’s* “noble15 savages” wandered, pure of heart, through a pristine world. Since native people were simply assumed to be incompre-hensible, they were seldom comprehended. Their societies were simply beheld, often through cloudy glasses, andrarely probed by the tools of logic and deductive analysis 20 automatically reserved for cultures prejudged to be“civilized .”And on those occasions when Europeansdid attempt to formulate an encompassing theory, it was not, ordinarily, on a human-being-to-human-being basis,but rather through an ancestor-descendant model. Native 25 Americans, though obviously contemporary with theirobservers, were somehow regarded as ancient, examplesof what Stone Age Europeans must have been like.It’ s a great story, an international crowd pleaser, butthere is a difficulty: Native Americans were, and are,30 Homo sapiens sapiens. Though often equipped with a shovel-shaped incisor tooth, eyes with epicanthic folds,or an extra molar cusp, Native American people have hadto cope, for the last forty thousand years or so, just like everyone else. Their cultures have had to make internal35 sense, their medicines have had to work consistently andpractically, their philosophical explanations have had to be reasonably satisfying and dependable, or else the ancestorsof those now called Native Americans would truly havevanished long ago.40 The reluctance in accepting this obvious fact comesfrom the Eurocentric conviction that the West holds a monopoly on science, logic, and clear thinking. Toadmit that other, culturally divergent viewpoints areequally plausible is to cast doubt on the monolithic45 center of Judeo-Christian belief: that there is but oneof everything God, right way, truth ---and Europeans alone knew what that was. If Native American cultures were acknowledged as viable, then European societieswere something less than an exclusive club. It is little50 wonder, therefore, that Native Americans were perceivednot so much as they were but as they had to be, from aEuropean viewpoint. They dealt in magic, not method.They were stuck in their past, not guided by its precedents.Such expedient misconception argues strongly for the55 development and dissemination of a more accurate, more objective historical account of native peoples a goaleasier stated than accomplished. Native American societies were nonliterate before and during much of.the early periodof their contact with Europe, making the task of piecing60 together a history particularly demanding. The familiar and reassuring kinds of written documentation found in European societies of equivalent chronological periods do not exist,and the forms of tribal record preservation available oral history, tales, mnemonic devices, and religious rituals-65 strike university-trained academics as inexact, unreliable, and suspect. Western historians, culture-bound by theirown approach to knowledge, are apt to declaim that next to nothing, save the evidence of archaeology, can be knownof early Native American life. To them, an absolute void70 is more acceptable and rigorous than an educated guess.However, it is na to assume that any culture’s historyis perceived without subjective prejudice. Every modern observer, whether he or she was schooled in the traditionsof the South Pacific or Zaire, of Hanover, New Hampshire, 75 or Vienna, Austria, was exposed at an early age to one oranother form of folklore about Native Americans. For some, the very impressions about Native American tribesthat initially attracted them to the field of American history are aspects most firmly rooted in popular myth and stereo- 80 type. Serious scholarship about Native American culture andhistory is unique in that it requires an initial, abrupt, andwrenching demythologizing. Most students do not startfrom point zero, but from minus zero, and in the process are often required to abandon cherished childhood fantasies of 85 superheroes or larger-than-life villains.* Rousseau was an eighteenth-century French philosopher.13. The reference to “the Pilgrim settlers”(lines 3-4) is used to(A) invite reflection about a less complicated era(B) suggest the lasting relevance of religious issues(C) establish a contrast with today’s reformers(D) debunk a myth about early colonial life(E) draw a parallel to a current condition14. In line 12, “charged” most nearly means(A) commanded(B) indicated(C) replenished(D) inspired(E) attacked15. In line 14, the reference to Rousseau is used to emphasize theA philosophical origins of cultural biasB longevity of certain types of misconceptionsC tendency to fear the unknownD diversity among European intellectual traditionsE argument that even great thinkers are fallible16. The phrase “international crowd pleaser” (line 28) refers toA an anthropological fallacyB an entertaining noveltyC a harmless deceptionD a beneficial errorE a cultural revolution17. Th e “difficulty”referred to in line 29 most directly underminesA the ancestor-descendant model used by European observers .B the possibility for consensus in anthropological inquiryC efforts to rid popular culture of false stereotypesD theories based exclusively on logic and deductive reasoningE unfounded beliefs about early European communities18. Lines 34-37 (“Their cultures . . . dependable”) describeA customs that fuel myths about a societyB contradictions that conventional logic cannot resolveC characteristics that are essential to the survival of any peopleD criteria that Western historians traditionally use to assessculturesE preconditions that must be met before a culture can influence others19. The two senten ces that begin with “They” in lines 52-53 serve to express theA way one group perceived anotherB results of the latest researchC theories of Native Americans about EuropeansD external criticisms that some Native Americans acceptedE survival techniques adopted by early human societies20. In lines 66-70, the author portrays Western historians asA oblivious to the value of archaeological researchB disadvantaged by an overly narrow methodologyC excessively impressed by prestigious credentialsD well meaning but apt to do more harm than goodE anxious to contradict the faulty conclusions of their predecessors21. The “educated guess”mentioned in line 70 would most likely be based onA compilations of government population statisticsB sources such as oral histories and religious ritualsC analyses of ancient building structures by archaeologistsD measurements of fossils to determine things such asphysical characteristicsE studies of artifacts discovered in areas associated withparticular tribes22. The geographical references in lines 74-75 serve tounderscore theA influence Native American culture has had outside theUnited StatesB argument that academic training is undergoingincreasing homogenizationC universality of certain notions about Native AmericanpeoplesD idea that Native Americans have more in common withother peoples than is acknowledgedE unlikelihood that scholars of Native American historywill settle their differences23.The passage suggests that “Most students” (line 82) need to undergo a process of(A) rebelliousness(B) disillusionment(C) hopelessness(D) inertia(E) self-denial24.In line 83, “minus zero” refers to the(A)nature of the preconceptions held by most beginning scholars of Native American culture(B) quality of scholarship about Native American cultures as currently practiced at most universities(C) reception that progressive scholars of Native American history have received in academia(D) shortage of written sources available to studentsof Native American history(E) challenges that face those seeking grants to conductoriginal research about Native American history5Each passage below is followed by questions based on its content. Answer the questions on the basis of what is stated or implied in each passage and in any introductory material that may be provided.Questions 6-7 are based on the following passage.Sometimes the meaning of old phrases is self-evident,as with to move like greased lightning and a close shave.But quite often we are left with language that seems tohave sprung out of the blue and does not appear to signify5 anything in particular even steven, fit as a fiddle, or topaint the town red. Explanations are frequently positedbut are too often unpersuasive. One popular dictionary, for example, suggests that to be joshing might be connected tothe humorist Josh Billings, but in fact the term was current10 as early as 1845. Josh Billings was unknown outside his neighborhood until 1860.6. Which of the following phrases would the author he most likely to add to the list in lines 5-6?A To take a chanceB To jump for joyC To lend an earD To talk through your hatE To flareup7. The last sentence of the passage primarilyserves toA cite a well-known factB invalidate a theoryC make a veiled accusationD note a puzzling incidentE explain the origins of a phrase Questions 8-9 are based on the following passage.The following study is concerned with Western citiesfrom the Middle Ages up to the twentieth century, in termsof who did what, why, where, and when. It aims to startwith the functions that have drawn people to cities, and to5 work outward from them to the spaces and buildings thatgrew up to cater to them. Savoring cities in ignorance or drinking them in visually is not enough; I want to find outnot just who designed the buildings and when they werebuilt but why they were built.8. Which of the following would most likely be found at the beginning of this study?A A statistical analysis of crime rates in severalancient Western citiesB A discussion of the role of central market- places in the early Middle AgesC A series of portraits of famous people who have chosen city lifeD An account of the architectural challenges involved in building large cathedrals.E An essay on ancient archaeological sites worth visiting today9. The primary purpose of the passage is toA criticize a studyB justify an expenseC explain an approachD depict an eraE defend a decisionQuestions 10-18 are based on the following passage.In this passage, a British novelist and critic recalls afavorite painring.The first painting I ever bought was by Sheila Fell Iwent to her studio in Redcliffe Square feeling uncom-fortable and even embarrassed, thinking how awful to bean artist. having to put up with prospective buyers coming5 to gape, whereas writers never need to see anyone readtheir books. I kept wishing, all the way up the steep flightsof stairs, that I could go and look without Sheila beingthere. I imagined she must be feeling the same.I was wrong. Sheila didn’t care who looked at her10 paintings or what they thought of them or whether she sold them. She was perfectly at ease, seemed to me to enjoy showing her work. There was a confidence about how she propped up canvas after canvas tha(made me in turn relax.I don t know why I d been so apprehensive after all,15 we had Cumberland in common, there was no need for meto explain why I was drawn to her work. What I missed,exiled in London, she missed: the landscape of where wehad both been born and brought up.The painting was of a haystack in a field. The haystack20 had clearly just been made. it was golden and the field flooded with a red-gold light. the whole atmospheremellow and rich.It was a large painting and I realized as soon as it arrived at my home,that however much 1 loved it I had no wall and 25 no room to do it justice. I put it on the largest wall we hadin the biggest room and still I felt I was insulting it ---thepower of the picture was too huge to be contained in ourordinary house. And the light was wrong. The paintingcouldn’t glow. as it wanted to it needed a vast, empty30 room and a great distance in front of it. One day, 1 hoped,I’d take it back to Cumberland and find a house therewhere it could settle happily. But when, after thirty years, we found that house, the painting was failed again. Thewalls were no bigger and neither were the rooms. So I sold 35 the painting and bought another, smaller hei1a Fell.It was a terrible mistake. The moment The painting had been taken away I realized how stupid I¡¯d been. So it hadbeen overwhelming, too large, too dramatic to contain ineither house but I shouldn’t have let that matter, I should40 have found a way to keep it. I grieved for it and wished I could buy it back, marry it again after the folly of a divorce.But it was too late. And then, in I 990, 1 went to the Sheila Fell Exhibition at the Royal Academy and there, in prideof place, at the end of the longest room, the room it had45 always needed, was my painting. Its beauty was stunning. People stopped and stared and admired and I wanted toshout that what they were looking at was mine. I am notat all possessive by nature but suddenly I felt fiercelypossessive. This glorious painting had been part of my life 50 for so very long and I didn’t seem to be able to grasp that Ihad willfully let it go.I went back to the exhibition day after day and on the last one became almost maudlin at saying my goodbyes.I don’ t know who owns the painting now it merely said55 “Private Collection¡± in the catalog -- but I doubt if I’ll ever.see it again. In a way, that’s better than being able to goand look at it hanging in a public gallery I’d only go on torturingiyse1f with wanting it back. I can see every detail ofit in my mind’s eye anyway. It lives in my head. I can60 recite it like a poem, and so in a sense I can never lose it. 10. Which statement best summarizes the description of the hypothetical group of people in lines 45 compared to that ofthe actual group in line 46 ?A The first is uneducated; the second has professional training.B The first slights the artist; the second is overly respectful.C The first is somewhat intrusive; the second is apparently appreciative.D The first rejects the artist’s methodology; thesecond praises it. . .E The first is acquisitive; the second is generous and giving.11. Line 8 (“I imagined . . . the same”) suggests that the narratorA believes that most artists feel as she does in the presence of an audienceB is as excited about Sheila Fell’s work as she is about her ownC is insecure about promoting her books in front of prospective buyersD regards Sheila Fell’s attitude as eccentricE enjoys the company of artists and writers12. The central contrast between the first paragraph (lines 1-8) and the second (lines 9-18) is best described in which terms?A Idealism versus practicalityB Expectation versus realityC Speculation versus investigationD Anticipation versus disappointmentE Generosity versus possessiveness13 In line 25, the author assumes that “justice” would beA recognizing the unique achievements of an artistB ensuring that a work of art reaches the widest possible audienceC displaying a work of art to its best advantageD enhancing one’s daily life with beautiful artE providing elegant surroundings for exceptional paintings14. “It was a terrible mistake”(line 36) because the narratorA had no other souvenirs of CumberlandB allowed pragmatic concerns to override her fondness for the paintingC did not realize how valuable the painting would become to collectorsD felt that she had betrayed Sheila Fell’s trustE was unable to appreciate the smaller Sheila Fell painting15 In line 41, the metaphor describing “folly” suggests that paintings canA lose their aura when seen too often in familiar surroundingsB reinforce misleading recollections of childhood placesC arouse strong emotions in their ownersD provoke artists to make premature decisions p bring backE painful memories of what they depict16 The narrator says that for her the painting is “like a poem”(line 60) because itA may be shared with others as a source of pleasureB is essential to the narrator’s sense of identityC represents the narrator’ s longing for beautiful objectsD makes a powerful firm impression upon the narratorE is preserved vividly within the narrator’s mind17 In the closing paragraphs, the narrator uses the language of human interaction in describing the painting in order to emphasize theA empathy she feels with its creatorB difficulty she encounters in maintaining itC pressure she feels to “divorce”D it extent to which she feels its lossE quality of her nostalgia for what it depicts18. The passage serves mainly toA discuss the influence of environment on artistic achievementB defend the works of a controversial artist explore the emotionalC context of a particular series of eventsD argue against placing undue emphasis on the economic value of artE stimulate interest in an overlooked artistic genreQuestions 19-24 are based on the following passage.The following passage is excerpted from a review of a book about aviation’s early years.Aviation belonged to the new century in payt becausethe engineering that went into flying machines was utterly. different from that of the Industrial Revolution. Nineteenth-century engineering revolved around the steam engine. It5 was about weight and brute power beautifully machined heavy steel, burnished bronze, polished copper pipes,ornamental cast iron everything built, with no expense spared, to withstand great pressures and last any number oflifetimes. Airplane construction was the opposite of all that;10 it was about lightness.The Wright brothers, who created 4rne of the first airplanes, started out making bicycles, which were all therage at the turn of the century. They knew about thin-wallsteel tubes, wire-spoked wheels, chain droves, and whatever 15 else it took to construct efficient machines that weighed as little as possible. In effect, they were practical engineers atthe cheap end of the market, but they happened to befascinated by flight. Says one writer, “Wilbur [Wright]spent his time studying the flight of vultures, eagles,20 ospreys, and hawks, trying to discover the secret of theirability to maneuver with their wings in unstable air.Tothose who later asked him how he learned to fly, he lovedto reply through his scarcely opened lips: ‘Like a bird.’”This is the point at which engineering intersects with the 25 imagination, with humanity’s ancient dream of freeingitself from gravity. Until the first fliers got to work, thebody was earthbound,but it enclosed a soul that flew--- inmeditation, in poetry, and, as the seventeenth-centuryEnglish poet Andrew Marvell showed, sometimes30 spectacularly in both:Casting the body’ s vest asideMy soul into the boughs does glide:There, like a Bird, it sits and sings,Then whets and combs its silver wings,35 And, till prepared for longer flight,Waves in its plumes the various light.At the beginning of this century, the new light engineering that allowed people to fly seemed to theuninitiated a kind of poetry . In 1913 , a writer in the40 Atlantic Monthly claimed that “machinery is our new artform” and praised “the engineers whose poetry is too deepto look poetic” and whose gifts “have swung. their soulsfree . . . like gods.” One of Wright’s most eloquent admirers called him a poet and compared him to one of45 “those monks of Asia Minor who live perched on the topsof inaccessible mountain peaks. The soul of Wilbur Wright is just as high and faraway.” Wright was, in fact, “deeplymiddle-class and unheroic,¡” writes one biographer, butthose obsessed with the glamour of flight pretended not to 50 notice.19.The primary purpose of the passage is toA profile the unique personalities of aviation pioneersB examine the theme pf flight in contemporary poetryC survey the effects of aviation on twentieth-centurylifestylesD explain important principles of flight in nontechnical languageE discuss how early aviation captured people’s imagination20. In lines 3-9, the description of the steam engine is primarily intended to illustrateA how train engineers provided a model that aviation engineers could followB how the Industrial Revolution accelerated society’s interest in travelC a form of engineering that emphasized immense mass and strengthD a twentieth-century preoccupation with style over practicalityE an inefficient mode of transportation whose value was overrated21. The author refers to “the cheap end of the market” (line17) to make the point thatA aviation’s progress was hindered by people who had little concern for qualityB the public could afford to fly because airplanes used inexpensive materialsC aviators were the target of unwarranted and petty criticismD the pioneers of aviation had modest technological beginningsE nineteenth-century engineering methods were too extravagant22 In lines 3 1 -36, the author quotes Marvell’s poetry primarily to illustrateA the contrast between imaginative and practical engineeringB the solution to the mystery of flightC how the advantages of flight outweigh its dangersD how those who analyze the mechanics of flight overlook its beautyE humanity’s deep longing to be able to fly23. The quotation in lines 41-42 (“t he engineers. . . poetic”) serves to reinforce the point thatA machines can be as inspiring as works of artB technology and poetry are both misunderstoodC scientific practicality is more important than artistic creativityD the technical language of engineers has a lyrical qualityE artistic pretensions are not suitable for engineers24. In lines 47-48, the inclusion of the biographer’s remarks is intended toA criticize an instance of unimaginative thinkingB demystify the image of an individualC reiterate a generally accepted viewD reassess the importance of an inventionE perpetuate the legacy of a scientific hero8The two passages below are followed by questions based on their content and on the relationship between the two passages. Answer the questions on the basis of what is stated or implied in the passages and in any introductory material that may beprovided.Questions 7-19 are based on the following passages.The narrator of Passage I describes the behavior of hisf riend Jerry, with whom he is rooming in an unspecified African country. In Passage 2, a different narrator describes himself while visiting an English couple in London. Both. fictional works were published in the early 1980’s.Passage 1Jerry was deceitful, but at the time I did not think hewas imaginative enough to do any damage. And yet his was not the conventional double life that most White people led in Africa. Jerry had certain ambitions: ambition makes 5 more liars than egotism does. But Jerry was so careful, his lies such modest calculations, that he was always believed. He said he was from Boston. “Belmont actually,” he told me. when I said I was from Medford. His passport said Watertown. He felt he had to conceal it. That explained10 a lot: the insecurity of living on the lower slopes of the long hill, between the smoldering steeples of Boston and the clean, high-priced air of Belmont. We are probably nomore class-conscious than the British, but when we make class an issue, it seems more than snobbery. It becomes15 a bizarre spectacle, a kind of attention-seeking, and I can- not hear an American speaking of his or her social position without thinking of a human fly, one of those tiny peoplein grubby capes whom one sometimes sees clinging to the brickwork of a tall building.20 What had begun as fantasy had, after six months of his repeating it in our insignificant place, made it seem like fact. I had the impression that it was one of the reasons Jerry wanted to stay in Africa. If you tell enough lies about your- self. they take hold. It becomes impossible ever to go back, 25 since that means facing the truth. In Africa, no one could dispute what Jerry.said he was: a wealthy Bostonian, from a family of some distinction, adventuring in philanthropy before inheriting his father’s business.Passage 2Anna and Chris made me at ease the first day in their 30 polished living. room -though I was not sure why these people would bother putting themselves out for me at all. And when they kept inviting me back for dinner partiesand extending their hospitality; I wondered if maybe they were bored, or if their ignorance of American types was35 such that they failed to see that I was not at all of their social class: 1 kept expecting some crude regional expression to betray me; and, once 1 thought of it in those terms, I knew 1 would have to make sure they saw that side of me--- todo less would be like trying to ¡°pass.¡±.Yet whatever I said 40 seemed to make no difference in their acceptance. 1 thensuspected that my rough-edgedness itself was entertainingto them as a source of vitality, their diversion-of-the-month. This would have made more sense if the Hodgkinsons were bored, dried-up people who needed to feast on any new45 stranger, but they were not; they were in the world andleading stimulating lives and I finally had to come to the anxious conclusion that they simply liked me.The truth was 1 had changed, though I was perhapsthe last to see it. While still feeling myself a child from50 the slums; I had gotten a university education, acquireda taste for esoteric culture; and now. when I thought backto my students in East Harlem, where I felt I should really belong, it seemed that I was a stranger there as well. Yet Idid no fit in with people born to middle-class comfort either.55 It see4ied there was no group at all in which I could feel athome.Perhaps anyone with the tiniest sensitivity comes tothat banal conclusion. But what I was seeing now with horror,in the accepting eyes of those a class above me, was that。