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英文回答：The drying process in the chemical unit is the process by which wet raw materials are reduced to the required water content by certain means。
Usually the drying process involves the exposure of wet raw materials to higher temperatures， the evaporation or volatilization of their internal water through heat winds or other heating media for drying purposes。
Depending on the process requirements and feedstock characteristics，there are many methods used for drying in chemical production，including but not limited to heating air drying， vacuum drying，spray drying， roller drying， etc。
The different drying methods differ from process to process， but the water within the feedstock is converted from liquid or adsorbent to vapourby heat transfer and then removed by dry media flow or exhaust。
化工单元中的干燥过程是将湿润的原料通过一定的方法使其含水量降低到符合要求的工艺过程。
工艺流程图题干燥方法英语Drying Methods.Drying is a process of removing moisture from a solid, liquid, or gas. It is used in a wide variety of industrial and commercial applications, including food processing, pharmaceutical manufacturing, and chemical processing.There are many different methods of drying, each with its own advantages and disadvantages. The most common methods include:Convection drying: This method uses hot air or other gases to evaporate moisture from the surface of the material being dried. Convection drying is a relatively simple and inexpensive method, but it can be slow and inefficient.Conduction drying: This method uses heated surfaces to transfer heat to the material being dried. Conductiondrying is a more efficient method than convection drying, but it can be more expensive and complex.Radiation drying: This method uses electromagnetic radiation to heat the material being dried. Radiation drying is a very fast and efficient method, but it can be expensive and requires specialized equipment.Freeze drying: This method involves freezing the material to be dried and then subliming the ice directly to a vapor. Freeze drying is a very gentle method that preserves the quality of the material being dried, but it is also expensive and time-consuming.The choice of drying method depends on a number of factors, including the type of material being dried, the desired moisture content, and the available budget.Convection Drying.Convection drying is the most common method of drying. It is used in a wide variety of applications, includingfood processing, pharmaceutical manufacturing, and chemical processing.In convection drying, hot air or other gases are passed over the surface of the material being dried. The heat from the air or gases evaporates the moisture from the surface of the material, and the evaporated moisture is carried away by the air or gases.Convection drying is a relatively simple and inexpensive method, but it can be slow and inefficient. The rate of drying depends on the temperature of the air or gases, the velocity of the air or gases, and the relative humidity of the air or gases.Conduction Drying.Conduction drying is a more efficient method of drying than convection drying. In conduction drying, heated surfaces are used to transfer heat to the material being dried. The heat from the heated surfaces evaporates the moisture from the surface of the material, and theevaporated moisture diffuses through the material to the surface.Conduction drying is a more efficient method than convection drying because the heat is transferred directly to the material being dried. This reduces the amount of time required to dry the material.Conduction drying is used in a variety of applications, including food processing, pharmaceutical manufacturing, and chemical processing. It is particularly well-suited for drying materials that are sensitive to heat or that have a high moisture content.Radiation Drying.Radiation drying is a very fast and efficient method of drying. In radiation drying, electromagnetic radiation is used to heat the material being dried. The heat from the radiation evaporates the moisture from the surface of the material, and the evaporated moisture is carried away by the air or gases.Radiation drying is a very fast and efficient method, but it can be expensive and requires specialized equipment. It is used in a variety of applications, including food processing, pharmaceutical manufacturing, and chemical processing. It is particularly well-suited for drying materials that are sensitive to heat or that have a high moisture content.Freeze Drying.Freeze drying is a very gentle method of drying. It is used to dry materials that are sensitive to heat or that have a high moisture content.In freeze drying, the material to be dried is frozen and then placed in a vacuum chamber. The vacuum chamber is then heated, and the ice in the material sublimes directly to a vapor. The vapor is then condensed and collected.Freeze drying is a very gentle method, but it is also expensive and time-consuming. It is used in a variety ofapplications, including food processing, pharmaceutical manufacturing, and chemical processing.。
课后翻译P127制药081班寇芸芸080203122Solids Mixing and Drying混合和干燥的固体Mixing混合The theory of solids mixing has not advanced much beyond the most elementary of concepts and , consequently , is far behind that which has been developed for fluids. 混合固体的理论已经不先进，远远超出最初级的概念，因此，远远落后于已开发流体。
This lag can be attributed primarily to an incomplete understanding of the ways in which particulate variables influence such systems and to the complexity of the problem itself.这种滞后主要可以归因于对微粒的变数影响这些系统和问题复杂性的本身的不完整的理解的方式。
When viewed superficially ,such multiparticulate（多粒子）solids as pharmaceutical bulk powders or tablet granulation are seen to behave somewhat like fluids.当从表面上看，作为制药原料粉末或片剂造粒等多粒子固体看到的行为有点像流体。
That is ,to the casual observer ,they appear to exhibit fluid-like flow when they are poured from one container to another and seem to occupy a more or less constant bulk volume.也就是说，不经意的观察，他们似乎表现出流体状流，即当他们从一个容器倒入另一个似乎占据了更多或更少恒定的总体积。
化工原理7：固体干燥1. 简介固体干燥是化工过程中常用的一种技术，在许多行业中都有广泛的应用。
固体干燥的目的是去除固体材料中的水分或其他溶剂，以提高其保存性、稳定性和使用性能。
本文将介绍固体干燥的原理、常用的干燥方法以及干燥过程中需要注意的问题。
2. 固体干燥的原理固体干燥的原理是基于蒸发的原理，即将液体中的水分或溶剂蒸发掉，使固体材料中的水分含量降低。
固体干燥的过程中主要发生三个阶段的变化：加热阶段、干燥阶段和冷却阶段。
加热阶段：在这个阶段，固体材料被暴露在高温环境中，使其表面的水分开始蒸发。
同时，固体材料内部的水分也会通过温度梯度的传导逐渐向表面迁移。
干燥阶段：在加热阶段之后，固体材料的表面水分已经蒸发光了，此时需要继续加热，使固体内部的水分逐渐排出。
这个阶段需要维持一个适当的温度和湿度条件。
冷却阶段：在固体材料的内部水分排除后，需要将温度逐渐降低，使固体完全干燥。
冷却阶段也是干燥过程中的最后一个阶段。
3. 常用的固体干燥方法固体干燥有许多不同的方法，下面介绍几种常见的固体干燥方法：3.1 自然干燥自然干燥是最简单直接的干燥方法之一，它利用自然环境中的风力和阳光将固体材料中的水分蒸发掉。
自然干燥的优点是成本低廉，但缺点是速度较慢，无法控制干燥的速度和温度。
3.2 通风干燥通风干燥是通过将空气吹入干燥室，利用空气中的热量和携带的湿度将固体材料中的水分蒸发掉。
通风干燥的优点是干燥速度较快，可以通过控制风速和温度来控制干燥的速度和效果。
3.3 热空气干燥热空气干燥是将热空气通过固体材料中，以提高固体材料表面的温度，从而使水分蒸发。
热空气干燥的优点是速度快，可以精确控制干燥速度和温度，缺点是需要大量的能源。
3.4 微波干燥微波干燥是将微波辐射传递到固体材料中，利用微波辐射的加热效应使固体材料中的水分蒸发。
微波干燥的优点是速度快，能耗低，但需要对固体材料的形状和尺寸进行适当的调整。
4. 注意事项在进行固体干燥过程中，需要注意以下几点：•确定干燥的目标，即需要达到的水分含量或溶剂含量。
化工原理-8章固体物料的干燥概述干燥是化工过程中常见的一种操作，用于除去固体物料中的水分或其他溶剂。
固体物料的干燥可以提高品质、耐久性以及减少储存和运输过程中的重量。
本文将介绍固体物料干燥的原理、方法和设备。
干燥原理固体物料的干燥是通过将物料暴露在热空气中，使其表面的水分蒸发，从而实现水分的除去。
下面是几种常见的干燥原理：1. 自然干燥自然干燥是指将物料暴露在自然环境下，利用自然空气的热量和湿度来除去水分。
这种方法适用于气候干燥、温度适宜的环境中，例如阳光充足的地区。
然而，自然干燥速度较慢，且受到天气条件的限制。
2. 对流干燥对流干燥是通过将热空气通过物料层进行流动，加速水分的蒸发和除去。
对流干燥可以使用多种方法实现，包括气流在固体颗粒之间自由冲洗和气流通过固体床进行传导。
3. 辐射干燥辐射干燥是利用电磁波（通常是红外线）的能量来加热物料表面，从而除去水分。
辐射干燥适用于需要低温干燥的物料，因为它可以避免由于高温而导致的品质降低或热解反应发生。
干燥方法固体物料的干燥可以使用多种方法实现。
以下是几种常见的干燥方法：1. 批处理干燥批处理干燥是将物料放置在干燥器中，在一定的时间内进行干燥。
这种方法适用于小规模生产或试验室规模，但效率相对较低。
2. 连续干燥连续干燥是通过将物料从干燥器的一端输入，经过干燥器内部的输送装置传送，最后从另一端输出。
这种方法适用于大规模生产，具有高效率和连续操作的优势。
3. 喷雾干燥喷雾干燥是将物料转化为液滴，通过将热空气通过喷雾器进行喷射，使液滴迅速蒸发并转化为固体颗粒。
这种方法适用于液态物料的干燥，可以实现快速、均匀的干燥。
干燥设备干燥设备是实现固体物料干燥的关键。
以下是几种常见的干燥设备：1. 滚筒干燥器滚筒干燥器是最常用的干燥设备之一，适用于大多数固体物料的干燥。
它由一个旋转的筒体和加热装置组成，物料通过旋转筒体的内部，与热空气进行热交换实现干燥。
2. 流化床干燥器流化床干燥器是一种在物料层中通过气流的冲击使物料悬浮起来的干燥器。
