【中考英语常考易错点】专题一名词
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名词1. 名词语法的基本框架2.名词语境辨析3.名词的正确形式填空4.名词词组填空5.名词在句子中运用6.名词语篇填空1名词语法基本框架名词的数名词的所有格名词单复数的判断1.如何判定是可数名词还是不可数名词①可数名词有单数和复数两种形式,如:desk,desks;②可数名词前面可以被基数词,不定冠词(a/an),many修饰,如:three boys,an apple, many students。
2.如何判定是不可数名词①不可数名词没有复数形式,如:tea,meat;②不可数名词,若表示数量,可用量词加不可数名词,如:a piece of paper, two cups of tea。
3. 常见的名词修饰词①只修饰可数名词的修饰语few 几乎没有a few 有几个several 有几个many 很多a couple of 两个a number of 若干a great/large number of 许多②只修饰不可数名词的修饰语little很少,几乎没有a little有一点儿much很多a good/great deal of很多a bit of有一点儿a large amount of大量的③既可修饰可数名词又可修饰不可数名词的修饰语some 一些a lot of 很多lots of 很多plenty of 充足的enough 足够的most 大多数的hardly any 几乎没有the rest of 剩下的名词拓展1.voice, noise, soundvoice指人的说话声或唱歌声,指人的“嗓音”;noise是“吵闹声、噪音”,指不悦耳的声音;sound指自然界中的任何声音。
2.work与jobwork是不可数名词,指需花费体力和脑力的工作;job是可数名词,多指“零工”或“短工”。
例:a part-time job一份兼职工作;out of work 失业3.family, home, housefamily强调整体,指“家、家庭”时,谓语动词用单数;强调个人,指“家庭成员”时,谓语动词用复数;不用于指住房。
名词属于十大词类中的一种,主要包括普通名词和专有名词两种。
纵观近几年中考对于名词的考查,主要以选择题和填空题为主,考查内容以词义理解、名词所有格及词形转换居多。
在备考2023年中考时,注意掌握名词变复数的变化规则,掌握不可数名词向可数名词转化的规律,名词所有格的用法,名词的句法功能等,并做到灵活运用,以便提高综合运用能力。
中考考查重点:一、名词词义辨析;二、名词的数;三、名词所有格。
考向一:名词的分类分类说明例句普通名词可数名词个体名词表示人或事物的个体名称city城市,panda熊猫,chair椅子,hospital医院,nurse护士集体名词表示一群人或一些事物的总称public公众,people人们,class班级,family家庭,police警察不可数名词物质名词表示无法分为个体的物质或材料的名称rice大米,snow雪,steel钢铁,cotton棉花,corn玉米,air空气抽象名词表示行为、状态、品质、感情等抽象概念的名词courage勇气,determination决心,satisfaction满意,happiness幸福,success成功,love热爱专有名词表示人名、地名、国名London伦敦,Tom汤姆,the Great Wall长城,Asia亚洲表示书名、电影名、各种标语Spider Man 《蜘蛛侠》表示机构、组织、团体UNESCO联合国教科文组织集体名词的分类1. 本身是复数,如,cattle牛群,people人们,police警察。
2. 本身单复数均可表示,如audience观众,class班级,club俱乐部,committee委员会,company公司,crew船员,enemy敌人,family家庭,government政府,group组,team队(当这一类词作主语时,谓语动词的单复数形式取决于其表示的具体含义,如果作为一个整体看待时,谓语动词用单数形式;如果指的是具体成员,则谓语动词用复数形式)►The family is the basic unit of society. 家庭是构成社会的基本单位。
易错点01 名词易错考点【01】词义辨析在中考中,对于名词的考查,更多集中在具体语言环境下名词词义的辨析上。
结合中考,可以看出,多数学生出错,是由于没能准确掌握形(义)近词的细微差别,或不善于结合具体语言环境中加以辨析,而导致失分,建议单词默写时,能做到看英识汉,看汉默英,结合语境,灵活运用。
...................牢记:只有把单词放入语境,单词才有灵魂。
易错考点【02】可数名词的数可数名词数的考查,中考永恒的考点,而学生错误,更多的是对于特殊单词的复数变化规则掌握不牢造成的。
如:不规则变化,单复同形,同形复数与规则复数的意义变化,国人复数的变化等。
建议多背多用,借助口诀,巧妙记忆。
可数名词变复数的不规则变化fish鱼sheep羊deer鹿“某国人”的复数形式:中日不变英法变,其余S加后面。
中日不变:a Chinese- --two Chinese a Japanese---four Japanese英法变:an Englishman --- three Englishmen 3个英国人其余S加后面: a German- --five Germans 5个德国人易错考点【03】不可数名词的量出错原因,主要是由于单复数不能正确区分,或对于不可数名词量方法掌握不牢。
突破方法:变复只变计量单位。
可不可数区分口诀:名词分两半,能把原名叫,就是不可数。
如:water, 分成两半,还是water,所以是不可数名词。
易错考点【04】名词所有格记牢名词所有格的不同表达法。
's口诀:分别所有分别's,公共所有最后's,s结尾只加'。
学生失分的主要原因,是对所有格加‘s的规律掌握不牢固,或是不能通过语境来确定是公共所有还是分别所有。
A 12-year-old boy from Hunan invented a new kind of window because of his _________.The window can prevent children from falling out.A.c ommunicationB. celebrationC. honestyD. creativity答案详解:由于句意没有理清,容易出错。
一、选择题1.— Is this room yours? —No, it's not__________.It's __________.A.mine; Lily's and Lucy's B.my; Lily and Lucy'sC.my; theirs D.mine; Sally's2.—Let’s make a banana milk shake.—How many ________ do we need?A.bananas B.cup of milk C.honey3.With the ________ of society, our environment is becoming worse and worse. So we should do what we can ________ our environment.A.development; to protect B.developing; to protect C.development; protect D.develop; protect4.—What does your mother have for dinner?—A.Chickens and tomato B.Chicken and tomatoes.C.Chicken and tomato.5.—There are beautiful flowers everywhere to celebrate the National Day, and we have—________ holiday. That means we have seven days ________ for this public holiday.A.a seven-day; off B.a seven-days; awayC.seven-day; over D.a seven-days’; off6.—Tom likes soccer.What club can he join?—He can join the ______ club.A.sport B.musicC.sports D.swimming7.Do you know the three ______ under the tree? Their mothers are all ______in our school. A.boy students; woman teachers B.boy students; women teachersC.boys students; women teachers D.boys students; woman teachers 8.—What can I do for you?—Err, I want a glass of milk, some bread and .A.some chickens B.any chicken C.some chicken9.The computer is _______________.A.Amy's and Lily's B.Amy and Lily C.Amy's and Lily D.Amy and Lily's 10.I am hungry. But there is little left. I have to go and buy some.A.sandwiches B.potatoes C.water D.bread11.I guess __________bikes are yellow. They have many things in the same color.A.Lucy's and Lily's B.Lucy and Lily's C.Lucy and Lily D.Lucy's and Lily 12.________wild animals are disappearing because of the ________of their living areas. A.The number of; lost B.The number of; losing C.A number of; loseD.A number of; loss13.— How _______ is it from Xi'an to Dunhuang? — It's less than 3 _______ flight.A.long; hour's B.far; hour's C.long; hours' D.far, hours' 14.That is my ________ and my ________ are on it.A.desk; books B.desks; book C.desks; books D.desk, book15.________ your reading speed, or you can’t finish the English reading materials in ________ limited time.A.Increase; 100 minutes’B.To increase; a 100-minute C.Increasing; 100-minutes’16.I’m happy ________ a friend of ________.A.to visit, my B.visiting my C.to visit, mine D.visiting, my 17.Some bananas ______ in the bag. Some mutton ______ on the table.A.are; are B.is; is C.are; is D.is; are18.--What kind of noodles you like?--I’d l ike noodles.A.do;tomatoes B.would;tomato C.do;tomato D.would;tomatoes 19.As we know, China was the first country in the world________.A.make papers B.to make papers C.to make paper 20.These aren’t.They’re my brother’s.A.pen;mine B.pens;mineC.pen;my D.pens;my21.Is that your ________?A.a picture B.photos C.photoes D.picture 22.Learning English in a classroom is important, but using English in real ________ will improve skills greatly.A.conditions B.situations C.events D.positions 23.Mary, please get some ________for me.A.orange B.pear C.tomato24.There are some ________and ________ on the table.A.potatoes; tea B.chicken; sweets C.tomatos; porks D.tomatos; milk 25.—Kate, what do you have ____________ dinner?—I have some____________, And I like them very much.A./; chicken B.for; chicken C./; vegetables D.for; vegetables 【参考答案】***试卷处理标记,请不要删除一、选择题1.D解析:D【解析】【详解】句意:——这是你的房间?——不,这不是我的房间,这是Sally的房间。
重难点01 易混名词辨析中考英语对名词的考查集中在单项选择题,单词题、完型填空、短文填空题。
考查重点包括:名词词义辨析、名词的数和名词所有格的用法。
本专题目的在于帮助学生梳理易混名词,明晰他们之间的区别与用法。
名词词义辨析题主要考查结合语境区分名词词义的能力,在平时的学习中应当掌握常用名词的基本意义,注意一词多义和熟词生义;养成推敲句子的含义以及对语境理解的习惯。
(2023中考真题建议用时:15分钟)1.(2023·辽宁鞍山·中考真题)—Why does Mary get good grades each time?—I think that’s because she puts most of her ________ into her schoolwork.A.energy B.practice C.exercise D.process2.(2023·内蒙古·中考真题)—The model plane is wonderful! How did you make it?—It’s easy. Follow the ________ and you can do it, too.A.discussion B.education C.conditions D.instructions3.(2023·江苏淮安·中考真题)As a student, you should keep a ________ between your schoolwork and yourhobbies.A.diary B.record C.secret D.balance4.(2023·湖北襄阳·中考真题)—Mr. Fan runs at least half an hour every day.—What a good ________! No wonder he looks healthy.A.habit B.question C.article D.prediction5.(2023·湖北黄石·中考真题)—Could you tell me the ________ of making such tasty dumplings?—Well, I just follow the steps on Tiktok.A.cost B.method C.time D.menu6.(2023·内蒙古呼和浩特·中考真题)High-speed trains are seen as one of the new Four Great ________ of China.A.Inventions B.Advantages C.Environments D.Technologies7.(2023·江苏常州·中考真题)After she was brought back to China, the sick giant panda Ya Ya received good ________ in her new home and got better.A.education B.communication C.entertainment D.treatment8.(2023·江苏南通·中考真题)—________ are easily made, but not easily kept.—That’s true. Once you make one, be sure to keep it.A.Speeches B.Decisions C.Promises D.Suggestions9.(2023·江苏镇江·中考真题)The main ________ of the cities along the Grand Canal (大运河) is history and culture.A.attraction B.pollution C.invention D.situation10.(2023·青海·中考真题)A taxi driver prevented (阻止) an _________ when he saw a car with serious problems travelling across Huangnan.A.accident B.interview C.advertisement11.(2023·山东青岛·中考真题)Before flying a plane, a ________ must take a lot of training.A.policeman B.musician C.nurse D.pilot12.(2023·湖北十堰·中考真题)—How did you fix up the machine, dad?—It’s easy. I just followed the ________.A.instructions B.inventions C.interviews D.influences13.(2023·江苏徐州·中考真题)Of all the ________, I love summer best.A.seasons B.subjects C.colours D.hobbies14.(2023·辽宁丹东·中考真题)Mary’s parents are interested in ________, so they often take her to concerts.A.sports B.music C.science D.movies15.(2023·江苏宿迁·中考真题)—The girl’s beautiful pronunciation caught our ________ in yesterday’s English speech competition.—Yes, many students couldn’t help cheering for her.A.condition B.attention C.invention D.position16.(2023·江苏泰州·中考真题)—Good news! The Chinese women table tennis team won a gold and a silver again.—Great! No matter who wins the medals, it is the ________ of our country.A.price B.pioneer C.pride D.pain17.(2023·黑龙江牡丹江·中考真题)Although our school life is a little busy, it is full of ________.A.pain B.sadness C.laughter18.(2023·四川遂宁·中考真题)—Which movie would you like to watch, Tracy?— Um…it’s hard to make a ________.A.survey B.choice C.call D.wish19.(2023·辽宁·中考真题)Thanks to the teacher’s help, I solved all the ________ easily.A.chances B.problems C.habits D.grades20.(2023·辽宁营口·中考真题)Scientists who are full of ________ always come up with new ideas and bring great changes to our life.A.instruction B.instrument C.invention D.introduction1.A【详解】句意:——为什么玛丽每次都取得好成绩?——我想那是因为她把大部分精力都放在功课上了。
中考英语名词易混易错考点点拨易混易错知识考点一不可数名词量的表达法不可数名词没有复数形式,不能在词尾加S,其前也不能带数词。
其数量的表达法基本有两种:一是用little , a little , much ,a lot of ,lots of 等;二是用"计量词+of"表示,如a glass of water , three pieces of paper 等。
[中考真题]1.( )Mrs Jenny gave us _____ on how to learn English well.(天津)A. some advicesB. many advicesC. some adviceD. an advice[解析]此题中advice是个不可数名词,没有单、复数之分,其前不能直接用数词或不定冠词,其后不能加So若是表示"一条建议"贝U用a piece of advice,故此题只能选C。
2.( )-There _______ a lot of meat on the plate. Would you like some?-Just a little, please.(北京朝阳区)A.isB. areC. amD. be[解析]此题中meat是个不可数名词,没有复数形式,故be动词相应地要用iso同学们很容易受题中a lot of的影响而误选B ,正确答案为Ao3.()- __ y ogurt (酸奶)do you want? (f-西玉林)-Two bottles.A.How muchB.How manyC.WhatD.What kind of[解析]此题中yogurt是个不可数名词,但装它的容器bottle是可数名词,所以同学们很容易受答语two bottles的影响而误选B ,正确答案为A。
易混易错知识点二不可数名词的一词多义性某些名词既可用作可数名词,又可用作不可数名词,作可数名词用与作不可数名词用时是不同的意思,其歧义性导致容易混淆而判断出错。
01 名词中考高频、易错考点考点一名词词义辨析The New York Times is a popular daily .A. DictionaryB. magazineC. newspaperD. guidebook错因分析:易错选B。
daily 意为“每日的”,不能准确理解此词的意思就易错选答案。
正确解答:C句意为:“《纽约时报》是一份很流行的日报。
"dictionary"词典;magazine" 杂志”;newspaper' 报纸”; guidebook"指南”。
能用daily“每日的"修饰的只能是“报纸”。
考点二可数名词的数1. I saw some and dancing in the street the day before yesterday.A. Germen; EnglishmenB. Germans. EnglishmansC. Germans;Englishmen错因分析:易错选A。
误认为German和Engishman的复教形式变化规则相同。
正确解答:C. German 的复数为Germans,而Englishman的复数为Englishmen.2. There are fifty in our school. They are all friendly to us.A. woman teachersB. women teacherC. woman teacherD. women teachers错因分析:易错选A。
复合名词变复数时,忽视由man和woman构成的复合名词这一特殊形式。
正确解答:D由man和woman构成的复合名词变复数时,前后两个名词都要变成复数。
考点三不可数名词I'm so hungry. Please give me to eat.A. three breadB. three pieces of breadC. three pieces of breads错因分析:易错选C。
1. 【2019 • 四川省自贡市】—What else do we need to make cold beef ?—____________.A. Two spoons saltB. Two spoons of saltsC. Two spoons of salt【参考答案】C【试题解析】考查名词的用法。
句意:——我们还需要什么来做冷牛肉呢?——两勺盐。
Salt为不可数名词,不可数名词的数量可以用适当的表容器的名词作单位来表示,结构为"数词+表容器的名词+ of +不可数名词"。
故用表“两勺……”时,用two spoons of…。
掌握不可数名词具体数量的表达法是做这道题的关键,不可数名词本身含义上不可数,没有复数形式,但也可以表示复数概念,即把量词变为复数形式,且量词和不可数名词之间必须有of。
很多同学没有掌握住这一点,导致出错。
要表示不可数名词的具体数量,其前必须用"计量名词+of"短语,但计量名词有单、复数之分。
例如:a/one cup of tea 一杯茶two bags of rice 两袋米three glasses of water 三玻璃杯水a piece of paper 一张纸a tin of Coca Cola 一罐可口可乐Two bottles of water 两瓶水【温馨提示】做题时切忌直接在不可数名词后直接加s,另外需记牢"数词+表容器的名词+ of +不可数名词"结构。
不可数名词一般情况下,专有名词、物质名称、抽象名词为不可数名词。
不可数名词一般没有复数形式,但有些名词在不同的语境下有不同的含义,从而也表现出可数与不可数性。
1. 常见的不可数名词不能用具体的数字来表示。
cotton棉花,food食物,hair头发,health健康,ice冰,wind风, steel 钢铁2. 可转化为可数名词的物资名称(1)有些不可数名词在表达个体概念时,是可数名词。
rain雨→a rain一场雨,wind风→a wind一阵风,beer啤酒→a beer一杯啤酒,paper纸→a paper一份论文(2)有些物质名词的复数形式表示特殊含义。
专题一名词易错清单1. information,message,news(1) information作“信息”解,通常指在阅读、观察、谈话或书信往来中特别关注的消息、情报、资料等。
它侧重内容,是不可数名词。
如:They must find out some information about planes to Kunming as quickly as possible.他们必须尽快查到有关飞往昆明班机的信息。
(2)news作“新闻”解,一般指通过广播、电视、报纸等新闻媒体向大众发布的社会各方面的最新消息,它侧重一个“新”字,是不可数名词。
如:There's a piece of interesting news in today's newspaper. 在今天的报纸上有一条有趣的消息。
No news is good news.没消息就是好消息。
(3)message作“音信”解,一般指口头传递的或书写的“消息”,是可数名词。
如:She often sends messages to me with her mobile phone.她经常给我发手机短信。
2. noise,voice,sound(1) sound “声音”,为最常用词,指可以听到的任何声音,强的,弱的,令人愉快的或不愉快的,有意义的或无意义的。
如:I was reading last night,when suddenly I heard a sound in the next room.昨晚我正看书时,突然听到隔壁房间有声音。
(2) noise 常指太响或人们不愿听到的声音,“嘈杂声、喧闹声”。
如:The boys made too much noise.孩子们太吵闹了。
(3) voice 指“说话声”“唱歌声”“嗓音”如:That sounds like Mary's voice. 那声音听起来好像玛丽的声音。
3. family,house,home,room(1) family 的意思是“家庭、家庭成员”,与居住的房子无关。
当family作为整体概念的“家庭”讲时是单数;当“家庭成员”讲时是复数。
如:Mr Green's family is very large. 格林先生家里的人很多。
(2)house 指“家”时含义较窄,仅指“房屋”这一建筑物,一般指独门独户的房子,不指楼房。
如:There are many new houses in our village.我们村里有很多新房子。
(3)home 指“家、住所”,指一个人(或一家人)居住的地方,也可指一个人出生或长大的地方(乡村、城市或国家等)。
它具有house所没有的感情色彩(如“团聚”、“思念”等)。
如:The American friends are leaving Beijing for home tomorrow. 明天美国朋友要离开北京回国了。
East or west,home is best. 金窝银窝不如自己的草窝。
(4)room除作可数名词用表示“房间”外,还可用作不可数名词,指“空间;地方;余地”。
例如:There is only standing room in the bus.公共汽车上只有站的地方了。
4. place,room,area,space(1) place 表示一个具体地点。
如:We will meet up at the place where we met last Friday.我们在上周五见面的地方见面。
(2)room当表示地方的时候呢,通常在这样的情况下用,表示容得下容不下的意思。
如:There is no room for her.这没她的地方。
(3)area表示一片区域。
如:Tibet area藏区(4)space表示地方的时候通常表实意。
We could put bags at that space.我们可以把包放在那个空地。
5. problem,questionquestion 是需要“解答”的问题,question 往往是“疑问”。
problem 是需要“解决”的问题。
problem 所指的问题,往往是“老难的问题”。
这两个词在实际使用中,一般不能相互替代。
如:Please answer the following questions.请回答以下问题。
problem指说话者认为难以解决的问题,它与动词solve或settle(解决)搭配。
而question指说话者需要寻找答案的问题,它常与动词ask或answer连用。
试比较:①The problem is difficult to be solved.这个问题很难解决。
②May I ask you some questions?我可以问你一些问题吗?problem可用于数学或物理的习题,而question却无此义。
question可表示一件“与……有关的事”。
试比较:①Can you work out this maths problem?你能算出这道数学题吗?②It's a question of money/time.这是一个与金钱/时间有关的问题。
6. suggestion, advicesuggestion是可数名词,表示“意见,建议,提议”,特指为了改进或解决某一问题而提出建议,办法等,但不一定正确,仅供参考。
在这一含义上,它和opinion同义,但比opinion正式。
语气比advice客气、委婉。
多用作可数名词,常和介词about,as to,at,on,by,with等搭配。
如:This trip was made at his teacher's suggestion. 这次旅行是由他的老师建议组织的。
By her mother's suggestion the contribution was raised. 根据她妈妈的建议发起了募捐。
表示“一条建议”用a suggestion,“一些建议”是some suggestions,“许多建议”是many suggestions。
与suggestion经常连用的词组和短语常见的有:accept a suggestion put forward by...接受……提出的建议;adopt a suggestion采纳建议;advance the suggestion that提出……的建议;carry a suggestion of...使人想起……给人以……的联想;follow out suggestion 贯彻建议;take the suggestion into consideration考虑这个建议;throw away a suggestion抛弃一项建议;volunteer suggestions on...对……主动提出建议;at(on)sb.'s suggestion按照某人的建议;at(on)the suggestion of...在……的建议下,按照……的建议;by sb.'s suggestion根据某人的建议;be full of suggestions充满了暗示,含义深远;act on sb.'s suggestion按照某人的建议行事。
I have some suggestions to submit.我有几个建议要提出。
advice表示“忠告,意见,指点”,是指具有丰富的知识,足够的经验,正确的判断力和明智的观点的人对另一个人的“劝告”或“见解”,既可以是对于严肃的事物,也可以对琐碎事情提出意见。
advice经常带有客观性质,在实际应用中,凡是与自己没有关系,完全是为了对方而提出的意见或建议都可用advice, advice是不可数名词表示“一条建议”是a piece of advice,“一些建议”是some advice:On the doctor's advice her mother is staying in bed.她的妈妈遵医嘱卧床休息。
You must act with advice at present. 目前,你一定要谨慎行事。
advice常和介词against,at,by,for,of,on,to,about,with等搭配。
如:My advice to you is that you should treat your wife with more consideration.我给你的忠告是你要多体贴妻子。
It was only by my advice that she had given up the idea.在我的劝导下她才放弃了这个念头。
7. influence,effectinfluence 表示“影响”,主要指对行为、性格、观点等产生间接的或潜移默化的影响。
通常不可数名词,但有时可连用不定冠词。
如:What you read influences your thinking. 你读的东西对你的思想有影响。
Television has a strong influence on people. 电视对人有很大的影响。
influence可用作及物动词。
如:It's clear that her painting has been influenced by Picasso. 她的画显然受了毕加索的影响。
effect可用作可数或不可数名词。
用作可数名词时,常与介词on连用。
have an effect on 相当于affect。
如:To affect a policy is to have an effect on it. 影响一项政策就是对该政策具有一种影响。
The news had no effect on her at all.=The news did not affect her at all. 这条消息对她没有一点影响。
effect 有时虽用作动词(及物),但不表示“影响”,而表示“实现”或“产生”等。
如:He effected great changes in the company. 他使公司发生了巨大的变化。
提分策略一、答题时,首先要注意句子中名词是单数还是复数形式,是可数名词还是不可数名词,并要搞清楚所给选项中的名词概念上的区别。
【例1】(2014·湖北鄂州·33)—It's convenient to travel from Ezhou to Wuhan by taking the newly-built green railway.—Yes. It's said that is enough.A. fifteen minutes driveB. fifteen-minutes driveC. fifteen minute's driveD. fifteen minutes' drive【解析】考查名词所有格的用法。