财务管理第七章作业

可编辑修改精选全文完整版第七章练习题答案：1．解：留存收益市场价值＝400500800250=⨯(万元) 长期资金＝200+600+800+400＝2000(万元)(1)长期借款成本=5％×（1-25％）＝3.75％比重=2001200010= (2)债券成本=5008%(125%) 5.21%600(14%)⨯⨯-=⨯- 比重=6003200010= (3)普通股成本=50010%(16%)6%12.97%800(15%)⨯⨯++=⨯- 比重=8004200010= (4)留存收益成本=25010%(16%)6%12.63%400⨯⨯++= 比重=4002200010= (5)综合资金成本=3.75%×110+5.21%×310+12.97%×410+12.63％×210=9.65%2. 解：（1）2009年变动经营成本=1800×50%=900（万元）2009年息税前利润EBIT 2009=1800-900-300=600（万元）2009/600450/450 1.67/18001500/1500EBIT EBIT DOL S S ∆===∆（-）（-） 2009200920102009200920091800(150%) 1.51800(150%)300S C DOL S C F -⨯-===--⨯-- （2）2008200920082008450 1.8450200EBIT DFL EBIT I ===-- 2010/22.5% 1.5/15%EPS EPS DFL EBIT EBIT ∆===∆ （3）200920092009 1.67 1.8 3.006DTL DOL DFL =⨯=⨯=201020102010 1.5 1.5 2.25DTL DOL DFL =⨯=⨯=3．解：（1）设每股利润无差别点为EBIT 0，那么220110)1)((EBIT )1)((EBIT N T I N T I --=-- 00(EBIT 40012%)(125%)(EBIT 40012%30014%)(125%)9060-⨯--⨯-⨯-=EBIT 0=174（万元）（2）如果预计息税前利润为150万元，应当选择第一个方案，即发行股票方案。

A、250
B、200
C、15
D、12
【正确答案】D
【答案解析】应收帐款占用资金应计利息＝日销售额×平均收现期×变动成本率×资本成本＝2000/360×45×60%×8%＝12（万元）
单选题
3、关于应收帐款的成本，下列说法中不正确的是（ ）。
A、因投放于应收帐款而放弃其他投资所带来的收益，即为应收帐款的机会成本
【答案解析】企业经营的不确定性和风险忍受程度决定了流动资产的存量水平，表现为在流动资产帐户上的投资水平，所以选项B的说法不正确。对于不同的产业和公司规模，流动资产与销售额比率的变动范围非常大，所以选项A的说法不正确；一个公司必须选择与其业务需要和管理风格相符合的流动资产投资策略。如果公司管理政策是保守的，它将选择一个高水平的流动资产/销售收入比率，保证更高的流动性（安全性）。所以选项C的说法正确；在不可预见的事件没有损坏企业的流动性而导致严重问题发生的情况下，紧缩的流动资产投资策略会提高企业效益，选项D的说法缺乏前提，所以不正确。
【答案解析】在成本模型中，考虑的成本包括机会成本、管理成本和短缺成本，三种成本之和最小时的现金持有量为最佳持有量。所以，选项A的说法不正确。三种模型的共同点是都考虑了机会成本，在存货模型中，考虑的是机会成本和交易成本（交易成本与现金和有价证券之间的转换次数成正比，相当于存货的变动订货成本与订货次数的关系，这有助于理解为什么在现金的存货模型中考虑了交易成本），在最佳现金持有量下，机会成本＝交易成本；在随机模型中，回归线R的计算公式 中的i表示的是以日为基础计算的现金机会成本，由此可知，考虑了机会成本。b表示的是每次有价证券的固定转换成本，由此可知，考虑了交易成本。由于H＝3R－2L，所以，H－R＝2×（R－L）。
B、应收帐款的机会成本＝应收帐款平均余额×资本成本

一单项选择1.应收账款的成本中不包括（）。

A.管理成本B.机会成本C.转换成本D.坏账成本2.某企业按“1/20，n/55”的条件购进商品一批，若该企业放弃现金折扣，而在信用期满时付款，则放弃现金折扣的成本为（）。

3. A.11.22% 在下列各项中，属于应收账款机会成本的是（）。

A．收账费用 B．坏账损失C．应收帐款占用资金的应计利息 D．对客户信用进行调查的费用4.企业置存现金的原因，主要是为了满足（）。

A．交易性、预防性、收益性需要 B．交易性、投机性、收益性需要C．交易性、预防性、投机性需要 D．预防性、收益性、投机性需要5.某企业预测的年赊销额为900万元，应收账款平均收账期为45天，变动成本率为70%，资金成本率10%，则应收账款的机会成本为（）万元。

A． B．8.2 C． D．6.下列公式中错误的是（）。

A. 应收账款机会成本=应收账款平均余额×资金成本率B. 维持赊销业务所需要资金=应收账款平均余额×变动成本率C. 应收账款平均余额=年赊销额/360×平均收账天数D. 应收账款平均余额=平均每日赊销额×平均收账天数7.某企业按“2/10，n/30”的条件购进一批商品，并假定商品价款为100万元。

若企业放弃现金折扣，在信用期内付款，则其放弃现金折扣的机会成本为（）。

8. A．35% B．33% C．34% D．%9.现金作为一种资产，它的（）。

10.A．流动性强，盈利性也强 B．流动性强，盈利性差11.C．流动性差，盈利性强 D．流动性差，盈利性也差12.某企业全年需用A材料2400吨，每次订货成本为400元，每吨材料年储备成本12元，则每年最佳订货次数为（）次。

13.A．12 B．6 C．3 D．414.企业信用政策的内容不包括（）。

15.A.信用标准 B.现金折扣政策 C.信用期间 D.信用额度16.对信用期限的叙述，正确的是（）。

17. A．信用期限越长，企业坏账风险越小18. B．信用期限越长，表明客户享受的信用条件越优越19. C．延长信用期限，不利于销售收入的扩大20. D．信用期限越长，应收账款的机会成本越低21.对现金折扣的表述，正确的是（）。

第7章投资决策原理【例1·单选题】将企业投资区分为固定资产投资、流动资产投资、期货与期权投资等类型所依据的分类标志是（D）。

A.投入行为的介入程度B.投入的领域C.投资的方向D.投资的内容『答案解析』根据投资的内容，投资可以分为固定资产投资、无形资产投资、其他资产投资、流动资产投资、房地产投资、有价证券投资、期货与期权投资、信托投资和保险投资等。

【例2·判断题】直接投资是指通过购买被投资对象发行的金融工具而将资金间接转移交付给被投资对象使用的投资（错）『答案解析』间接投资是指通过购买被投资对象发行的金融工具而将资金间接转移交付给被投资对象使用的投资，如企业购买特定投资对象发行的股票、债券、基金等。

【例3·计算题】某企业拟投资新建一个项目，在建设起点开始投资，历经两年后投产，试产期为1年，主要固定资产的预计使用寿命为10年。

据此，可以估算出该项目的如下指标：（1）建设期；（2）运营期；（3）达产期；（4）项目计算期。

『正确答案』建设期＝2年运营期＝10年达产期＝10－1＝9（年）项目计算期＝2＋10＝12（年）【例4·计算题】B企业拟新建一条生产线项目，建设期2年，运营期20年。

全部建设投资分别安排在建设起点、建设期第2年年初和建设期末分三次投入，投资额分别为100万元、300万元和68万元；全部流动资金投资安排在投产后第一年和第二年年末分两次投入，投资额分别为15万元和5万元。

根据项目筹资方案的安排，建设期资本化利息22万元。

要求：计算下列指标（1）建设投资；（2）流动资金投资；（3）原始投资；（4）项目总投资。

『正确答案』（1）建设投资合计＝100＋300＋68＝468（万元）（2）流动资金投资合计＝15＋5＝20（万元）（3）原始投资＝468＋20＝488（万元）（4）项目总投资＝488＋22＝510（万元）【例5·判断题】在项目投资决策中，净现金流量是指经营期内每年现金流入量与同年现金流出量之间的差额所形成的序列指标。

第七章废品损失和停工损失的核算一、2001年填空题：1、废品损失是指在生产过程中发现的和入库后发现的不可修复废品的＿＿＿＿以及可修复废品的＿＿＿＿扣除收回的废品残料价值和应收赔款以后的损失【解析】：净损失、修复费2、为了单独核算停工损失，在会计科目中应设置＿＿＿＿科目；在成本项目中应增设＿＿＿＿项目。

【解析】：停工损失停工损失成本二、2002年1、单项选择题：（）不应在“废品损失”科目进行归集反映。

A、可修复废品的修复费B、不可修复废品的成本C、可修复废品返修前的生产费用D、废品残料的回收价值和应收的款项【解析】：应选择C2、多项选择题下列各项中，不属于废品损失的是（）A、生产过程中发生的损失B、出售不合格品的降价损失C、保管不善而发生的产品损坏变质损失D、回收的残料价值E、修复废品发生的修复费【解析】：应选择B C D3、填空题;⑴、废品按其是否可以修复可分为＿＿＿＿和＿＿＿＿两种。

【解析】：可修复废品、不可修复废品⑵、实行包退、保修、包换“三包”的企业，在产品售出以后发现的废品所发生的一切损失，应计入＿＿＿＿，不包括在＿＿＿＿内。

【解析】：管理费用废品损失4、判断题：停工损失是指在停工期间发生的损失，所以，在计算停工损失时，不考虑停工时间的长短，也不考虑损失发生的地点。

【解析】：╳5、计算题某企业某车间生产乙产品300件，产品加工程度为50％时发现其中30件不可修复废品。

该产品成本明细账所记合格品和废品共同发生的生产费用为：原材料费用36000元，工资及福利费为14250元，制造费用为22800元，合计73050元。

原材料是在生产开始时一次投入的，加工费随加工进度投入。

另外，可修复废品发生修复费为：原材料费用250元，直接工资为130元，制造费用为90元。

废品回收的残料计价25元，已验收入库。

要求：⑴计算不可修复废品的成本⑵计算废品净损失⑶编制有关废品损失的会计分录【解析】：⑴计算不可修复废品成本原材料费用分配：分配率＝36000/300＝120（原材料一次投入每件的材料费相同）废品材料成本＝30×120＝3600工资及福利费用分配：（产品加工到50％时发生废品，应折合成约当产量）分配率＝14250/（300－30）＋30×50％＝14250/285＝50废品工资及福利费成本＝30×50％×50＝750制造费用分配：分配率＝22800/（300－30）＋30×50％＝22800/285＝80废品制造费用成本＝30×50％×80＝1200废品损失总成本＝3600＋750＋1200＝5550⑶编制有关的会计分录①结转废品实际成本的会计分录借：废品损失5550贷：基本生产成本5550②收回残值的会计分录借：原材料25贷：废品损失25废品净损失＝5550－25＋（250＋130＋90）＝5995③结转废品净损失的会计分录借：基本生产成本5995贷：废品损失5995三、2003年1、单项选择题不可修复废品的成本扣除回收的废品残值后的净额称为（）A、废品损失B、废品净损失C、废品报废损失D、废品总损失【解析】：应选择B2、多项选择题发生停工损失时，可能借记的科目有（）A、停工损失B、制造费用C、管理费用D、营业外支出E、基本生产成本【解析】：应选择A B D3、填空题对于发生的废品净损失，应从“废品损失”科目的贷方转入＿＿＿＿科目的借方，在所属有关产品成本明细账中，记入＿＿＿＿成本项目。

C.可增强筹资灵活性，不受其他债权人的反对
D.若股价低迷，面临兑付债券本金的压力
3.下列关于资金成本的说法中，正确的有()。
A.资金成本的本质是企业为筹集和使用资金而发生的代价
B.资金成本并不是企业筹资决策中所要考虑的唯一因素
C.资金成本的计算主要以年度的相对比率为计量单位
D.资金成本可以视为项目投资或使用资金的机会成本
简要资产负债表
2007年12月31日单位：元
该公司2007年的营业收入为100000元，营业净利率为10%，现在还有剩余生产能力，即增加收入不需进行固定资产投资，此外流动资产和流动负债中的应付账款均随营业收入的增加而增加。
（1）如果2008年的预计营业收入为120000元，公司的股利支付率为50%，其他条件不变，那么需要从企业外部筹集多少资金？
A.定额预测法
B.比率预测法
C.资金习性预测法
D.成本习性预测法
6.某企业向银行借款100万元，期限1年，年利率为10%。按照贴现法付息，该项贷款的实际利率是（）。
A.11%
B.10%
C.9%
D.12%
7.相对于借款购置设备而言，融资租赁设备的主要缺点是( )。
A.筹资速度较慢
B.融资成本较高
C.到期还本负担重
【解析】本题的考点是各种筹资方式的优缺点。吸收直接投资属于增加自有资金，所以有利于壮大企业经营实力，有利于降低企业财务风险。但其资金成本较高，且会分散控制权。
6.
【答案】BCD
【解析】商业信用是短期筹资方式，其筹资风险较大。
7.
【答案】ABC
【解析】公司股票上市的不利影响主要有：
（1）使公司失去隐私权；
④第60天付款，付全额。

第七章证券投资决策一、单项选择题1、市场利率上升时，债券价值的变动方向是（）。

A.上升B.下降C.不变D.随机变化2、甲公司在2008年1月1日发行5年期债券，面值1000元，票面年利率8%，于每年6月30日和12月31日付息，到期时一次还本。

ABC公司欲在2011年7月1日购买甲公司债券100张，假设市场利率为6%。

则债券的价值为（）元。

已知（P/A，3%，3）＝2.8286；（P/F，3%，3）＝0.9151；（P/A，6%，2）＝1.8334；（P/F，6%，2）＝0.8900A.998.90B.1108.79C.1028.24D.1050.113、下列各项中，不会对债券价值的计算产生影响的是（）。

A.债券面值B.票面利率C.到期日D.发行价格4、假设市场上有甲乙两种债券，甲债券目前距到期日还有3年，乙债券目前距到期日还有5年。

两种债券除到期日不同外，其他方面均无差异。

如果市场利率出现了急剧上涨，则下列说法中正确的是（）。

A.甲债券价值上涨得更多B.甲债券价值下跌得更多C.乙债券价值上涨得更多D.乙债券价值下跌得更多5、现有一份刚发行的面值为1000元，每年付息一次，到期归还本金，票面利率为14%，5年期的债券，若某投资者现在以1000元的价格购买该债券并持有至到期，则该债券的投资收益率应（）。

A.小于14%B.等于14%C.大于14%D.无法计算6、关于债券投资，下列各项说法中不正确的是（）。

A.债券期限越长，对于票面利率不等于市场利率的债券而言，债券的价值会越偏离债券的面值B.只有债券价值大于其购买价格时，才值得投资C.长期债券对市场利率的敏感性会大于短期债券D.债券只可以年为单位计息7、某投资者购买A公司股票，并且准备长期持有，要求的最低收益率为11%，该公司本年的股利为0.6元/股，预计未来股利年增长率为5%，则该股票的内在价值是（）元/股。

A.10.0B.10.5C.11.5D.12.08、甲股票目前的股价为10元，预计股利可以按照5%的增长率固定增长，刚刚发放的股利为1.2元/股，投资人打算长期持有，则股票投资的收益率为（）。

第七章：投资决策原理一、名词解释1、企业投资2、间接投资3、短期投资4、长期投资5、对内投资6、对外投资7、初创投资8、独立项目9、互斥项目 10、相关项目11、常规项目 12、现金流量 13、净现值 14、内含报酬率15、获利指数 16、投资回收期 1 7、平均报酬率二、判断题1、对现金、应收账款、存货、短期有价证劵的投资都属于短期投资。

（）2、长期证劵投资因需要可转为短期投资。

（）3、对内投资都是直接投资，对外投资都是间接投资。

（）4、原有固定资产的变价收入是指固定资产更新时变卖原有固定资产所得的现金收入，不用考虑净残值的影响。

（）5、在互斥选择决策中，净现值法有时会做出错误的决策，而内含报酬率法则始终能得出正确的答案。

（）6、进行长期投资决策时，如果某一备选方案净现值比较小，那么该方案的内含报酬率也相对较低。

（）7、由于获利指数是用相对指数来表示，所以获利指数法优于净现值法。

（）8、固定资产投资方案的内含报酬率并不一定只有一个。

（）9、某些自然资源的储量不多，由于不断开采，价格将随储量的下降而上升‘因此对这些自然资源越晚开发越好。

（）三、单项选择题1、有关企业投资的意义，下列叙述中不正确的是（）A.企业投资是实现财务管理目标的基本前提。

B.企业投资是发展生产的必要手段C.企业投资是有利于提高职工的生活水平D.企业投资是降低风险的重要方法2、某企业欲购进一套新设备，要支付400万元，该设备的使用寿命为4年，无残值，采用直线法并计提折旧。

预计每年可生产税前净利140万元，如果所得税税率为40%，则回收期为（）年。

A、4.5B、2.9C、2.2 D3.23、当贴现率与内含报酬率相等时（）A、净现值小于零B、净现值等于零C、净现值大于零D、净现值不一定4、某企业准备新建一条生产线，预计各项支出如下：投资前费用2000元，设备购置费用8000元，设备安装费用1000元，建筑工程费用6000元，投产时需垫支营运资金3000元，不可预见费按总支出的5%计算，则该生产线的投资总额为（）元。

第6章：1. 计算回收期Old Country公司采用3年作为它的国际投资项目的回收期取舍时限。

如果该公司有下列两个项目可以选择，它应该接受哪一个？（金额单位：美元）年份现金流量（A）现金流量（B）0 －50 000 －70 0001 30 000 9 0002 18 000 25 0003 10 000 35 0004 5 000 425 000年份现金流量（A）累计现金流量现金流量（B）累计现金流量0 －50 000 －50 000 －70 000 －70 0001 30 000 -20000 9 000 -610002 18 000 -2000 25 000 -360003 10 000 8000 35 000 -10004 5 000 425 000 424000项目A的PP=2+2000/10000=2.2年<3项目B的PP=3+1000/425000=3.02年>3因此接受A项目。

2. 一个投资项目的成本为10 000美元，每年的现金流量为2 100美元，共6年。

如果贴现率为3%，其贴现回收期是多长？如果贴现率是5%呢？15%呢？2100（P/A,I,n）=10000, 当i=3%，n=5.215当i=5%，n=5.574当i=15%，n=8.9643. 你正在考虑是否要兴建新厂以扩展业务。

工厂的安装成本为1 500 万美元，将以直线法在4年的寿命周期内折旧完毕。

如果该项目在这4年的预测净利润分别为：1 416 000美元、1 868 000美元、1 562 000美元和985 000美元，这个方案的平均会计报酬率（AAR）是多少？AAR=[(141.6+186.8+156.2+98.5)/4]/(1500/2)=19.44%4. 计算NPV和IRR 一个项目提供9年期、每年14 000美元的现金流量，目前的成本是70 000美元。

如果必要报酬率为8%，这是一个好项目吗？如果必要报酬率是16%呢？当贴现率是多少时，是否接受这个项目对你来说都没有差别？当必要报酬率为8%时，NPV=14000(P/A,8%,9)-70000=87,456.43-70000=17456.43>0，是好项目。

财务管理第九版第七章课后题答案1、下列项目中，应计入营业外收入的有（）。

[单选题] *A.处置交易性金融资产的收益B.固定资产盘盈C.接受捐赠(正确答案)D.无法收到的应收账款2、税金及附加核算的内容不包括（）。

[单选题] *A.增值税(正确答案)B.消费税C. 资源税D.资源税3、小规模纳税企业购入原材料取得的增值税专用发票上注明:货款20 000元。

增值税2 600元，在购入材料的过程中另支付包装费500元。

则该企业原材料的入账价值为（）元。

[单选题] *A.19 500B.20 500C.22 600D.23 100(正确答案)4、用盈余公积弥补亏损时，应借记“盈余公积”，贷记（）。

[单选题] *A.“利润分配——未分配利润”B.“利润分配——提取盈余公积”C.“本年利润”D.“利润分配——盈余公积补亏”(正确答案)5、固定资产报废清理后发生的净损失，应计入（）。

[单选题] *A.投资收益B.管理费用C.营业外支出(正确答案)D.其他业务成本6、．（年浙江省第三次联考）下列项目中不需要进行会计核算的是（）[单选题] *A签订销售合同(正确答案)B宣告发放现金股利C提现备发工资D结转本年亏损7、企业自创的专利权与非专利技术，其研究开发过程中发生的支出，应当区分研究阶段支出与开发阶段支出分别处理。

无法区分研究阶段支出和开发阶段支出，应当将其所发生的研发支出全部费用化，计入当期损益中的（）。

[单选题] *A.管理费用(正确答案)B.财务费用C.营业外支出D.销售费用8、A企业2014年12月购入一项固定资产，原价为600万元，采用年限平均法计提折旧，使用寿命为10年，预计净残值为零，2018年1月该企业对该项固定资产的某一主要部件进行更换，发生支出合计400万元，符合固定资产确认条件，被更换的部件的原价为300万元。

则对该项固定资产进行更换后的原价为( )万元。

[单选题] *A.210B.1 000C.820D.610(正确答案)9、．（年浙江省第三次联考）下列属于事前核算职能的是（）[单选题] *A记账B分析C考核D预测(正确答案)10、企业对应付的商业承兑汇票，如果到期不能足额付款，在会计处理上应将其转作（）。

1、股票股利与股票分割影响的区别在于（C）。

A.股东的持股比例是否变化B.所有者权益总额是否变化C.所有者权益结构是否变化D.股东所持股票的市场价值总额是否变化2、下列销售预测方法中，不属于定性分析法的是( C )。

A.德尔菲法B.推销员判断法C.因果预测分析法D.产品寿命周期分析法3、关于公司净利润的分配，以下说法正确的是( C )。

A.公司从税后利润中提取法定公积金后，经董事会批准，还可以从税后利润中提取任意公积金B.公司向投资者分配股利(利润)时，股份有限公司股东按照实缴出资比例分红C.法定公积金可用于弥补亏损或转增资本D.税后利润弥补亏损必须用当年实现的净利润4、上市公司发放现金股利的原因不包括（D）。

A.投资者偏好B.减少代理成本C.传递公司的未来信息D.减少公司所得税负担5、某公司现有发行在外的普通股200万股，每股面值1元，资本公积300万元，未分配利润800万元，股票市价10元，若按10%的比例发放股票股利并按市价折算，公司报表中资本公积的数额将会增加（A）万元。

A.180B.280C.480D.300你的答案：发放股票股利之后增加的资本公积＝200×10%×10－200×10%×1＝180（万元）6、（A）认为用留存收益再投资带给投资者的收益具有很大的不确定性，并且投资风险随着时间的推移将进一步增大，所以投资者更喜欢现金股利。

A.在手之鸟理论B.信号传递理论C.代理理论D.股利无关论7、（A）的依据是股利无关论。

A.剩余股利政策B.固定股利政策C.固定股利支付率政策D.低正常股利加额外股利政策8、某公司近年来经营业务不断拓展，目前处于成长阶段，预计现有的生产经营能力能够满足未来10年稳定增长的需要，公司希望其股利与公司盈余紧密配合。

基于以上条件，最为适宜该公司的股利政策是( C )。

A.剩余股利政策B.固定股利政策C.固定股利支付率政策D.低正常股利加额外股利政策9、下列因素中，有可能导致公司采取较紧的利润分配政策的是( C )。

思考题1．答题要点：如果通过事后审计将赔偿责任引入投资项目的预测阶段，从积极的方面来说，由于赔偿责任的约束，一方面进行投资预测的工作人员会不断地改进预测方法，总结经验教训，更加认真踏实地做好本职工作，从而提高投资项目预测的准确度，从而持续提高投资管理的效率。

另一方面，进行投资预测的工作人员在进行项目预测时会更加谨慎，从而降低企业的投资风险。

从消极的方面来说，由于赔偿责任的存在，进行预测的工作人员为了规避这种风险，可能故意低估一些风险比较大的项目的决策指标，从而使公司丧失投资效率最高的项目。

另外，某一项目的实际值和预测值的偏差可能是多种原因导致的，其中可能有环境变化方面的原因，可能有投资实施阶段的原因，如果责任划分不清，会使投资项目预测的工作人员感到不公平，降低他们的工作满意度，从而影响他们的工作积极性，主动性和创造性，最终对投资项目造成不利影响。

2．答题要点：按照现金流量的发生时间，投资活动的现金流量可以被分为初始现金流量、营业现金流量和终结现金流量。

初始现金流量一般包括如下的几个部分：（1）投资前费用；（2）设备购置费用；（3）设备安装费用；（4）建筑工程费；（5）营运资金的垫支；（6）原有固定资产的变价收入扣除相关税金后的净收益；（7）不可预见费。

营业现金流量一般以年为单位进行计算。

营业现金流入一般是指营业现金收入，营业现金流出是指营业现金支出和交纳的税金。

终结现金流量主要包括：（1）固定资产的残值收入或变价收入（指扣除了所需要上缴的税金等支出后的净收入）；（2）原有垫支在各种流动资产上的资金的收回；（3）停止使用的土地的变价收入等。

投资决策采用折现现金流量指标更合理的的原因是：（1）非折现指标把不同时间点上的现金收入和支出当作毫无差别的资金进行对比，忽略了资金的时间价值因素，这是不科学的。

而折现指标则把不同时间点收入或支出的现金按照统一的折现率折算到同一时间点上，使不同时期的现金具有可比性，这样才能做出正确的投资决策。

第七章练习题答案：1．解：留存收益市场价值＝400500800250=⨯(万元) 长期资金＝200+600+800+400＝2000(万元)(1)长期借款成本=5％×（1-25％）＝3.75％比重=2001200010= (2)债券成本=5008%(125%) 5.21%600(14%)⨯⨯-=⨯- 比重=6003200010= (3)普通股成本=50010%(16%)6%12.97%800(15%)⨯⨯++=⨯- 比重=8004200010= (4)留存收益成本=25010%(16%)6%12.63%400⨯⨯++= 比重=4002200010= (5)综合资金成本=3.75%×110+5.21%×310+12.97%×410+12.63％×210=9.65%2. 解：（1）2009年变动经营成本=1800×50%=900（万元）2009年息税前利润EBIT 2009=1800-900-300=600（万元）2009/600450/450 1.67/18001500/1500EBIT EBIT DOL S S ∆===∆（-）（-） 2009200920102009200920091800(150%) 1.51800(150%)300S C DOL S C F -⨯-===--⨯-- （2）2008200920082008450 1.8450200EBIT DFL EBIT I ===-- 2010/22.5% 1.5/15%EPS EPS DFL EBIT EBIT ∆===∆ （3）200920092009 1.67 1.8 3.006DTL DOL DFL =⨯=⨯=201020102010 1.5 1.5 2.25DTL DOL DFL =⨯=⨯=3．解：（1）设每股利润无差别点为EBIT 0，那么220110)1)((EBIT )1)((EBIT N T I N T I --=-- 00(EBIT 40012%)(125%)(EBIT 40012%30014%)(125%)9060-⨯--⨯-⨯-= EBIT 0=174（万元）（2）如果预计息税前利润为150万元，应当选择第一个方案，即发行股票方案。

第七章期权价值评估一、单项选择题1.某投资人觉得单独投资股票风险很大，但是又看好股价的上涨趋势，此时该投资人最适合采用的投资策略是（）。

A.保护性看跌期权B.抛补性看涨期权C.多头对敲D.空头对敲2.运用二叉树方法对期权估价时，期数增加，要调整价格变化的升降幅度，以保证年收益率的标准差不变。

这里的标准差是指（）。

A.标的资产年复利收益率的标准差B.标的资产连续复利报酬率的标准差C.标的资产期间复利收益率的标准差D.标的资产无风险收益率的标准差3.欧式看涨期权和欧式看跌期权的执行价格均为60元，12个月后到期，看涨期权的价格为9.72元，看跌期权的价格为3.25元，股票的现行价格为65元，则无风险年报酬率为（）。

A.2.51%B.3.25%C.2.89%D.2.67%4.同时卖出一支股票的看涨期权和看跌期权，它们的执行价格和到期日均相同。

该投资策略适用的投资者是（）。

A.预计标的资产的市场价格将会发生剧烈波动B.预计标的资产的市场价格将会大幅度上涨C.预计标的资产的市场价格将会大幅度下跌D.预计标的资产的市场价格相对比较稳定5.某人售出1股执行价格为100元，1年后到期的ABC公司股票的看跌期权。

如果1年后该股票的市场价格为80元，则该期权的到期日价值为（）元。

A.20B.－20C.180D.06.有一项标的资产为1股A股票的欧式看涨期权，执行价格为50元，半年后到期，目前期权价格为2元，若到期日A股票市价为51元。

则卖出1份该看涨期权的净损益为（）。

A.－3B.2C.1D.－17.在期权寿命期内，标的股票发放的股利越多，看涨期权的价值（）。

A.越大B.越小C.不变D.变化方向不确定8.某投资人购买了1股股票，同时出售该股票1股股票的看涨期权。

目前股票价格为15元，期权价格为2元，期权执行价格为15元，到期日时间为1年。

如果到期日股价为18元，则该投资人的投资净损益为（）元。

A.2B.－2C.3D.－39.下列关于期权的表述中，正确的是（）。

ChProblems1. City Farm Insurance has collection centers across the country to speed up collections. Thecompany also makes its disbursements from remote disbursement centers. The collection time has been reduced by two days and disbursement time increased by one day because of these policies. Excess funds are being invested in short-term instruments yielding12 percent per annum.a. If City Farm has $5 million per day in collections and $3 million per day indisbursements, how many dollars has the cash management system freed up?b. How much can City Farm earn in dollars per year on short-term investments madepossible by the freed-up cash?7-1. Solution:City Farm Insurancea. $5,000,000 daily collections× 2.0 days speed up = $10,000,000 additional collections$3,000,000 daily disbursements× 1.0 days slow down = $ 3,000,000 delayed disbursements$13,000,000 freed-up fundsb. $13,000,000 freed-up funds12% interest rate$1,560,000 interest on freed-up cash2. Nicholas Birdcage Company of Hollywood ships cages throughout the country. Nicholashas determined that through the establishment of local collection centers around thecountry, he can speed up the collection of payments by one and one-half days. Furthermore, the cash management department of his bank has indicated to him that he can defer hispayments on his accounts by one-half day without affecting suppliers. The bank has aremote disbursement center in Florida.a. If the company has $4 million per day in collections and $2 million per day indisbursements, how many dollars will the cash management system free up?b. If the company can earn 9 percent per annum on freed-up funds, how much will theincome be?c. If the annual cost of the new system is $700,000, should it be implemented?7-2. Solution:Nicholas Birdcage Company of Hollywooda. $4,000,000 daily collections× 1.5 days speed up = $6,000,000 additional collections$2,000,000 daily disbursements× .5 days slow down = $1,000,000 delayed disbursements$7,000,000 freed-up fundsb. $7,000,000 freed-up funds9% interest rate$630,000 interest on freed-up cashc. No. The annual income of $630,000 is $70,000 less than theannual cost of $700,000 for the new system.3. Megahurtz International Car Rentals has rent-a-car outlets throughout the world. It alsokeeps funds for transactions purposes in many foreign countries. Assume in 2003, it held 100,000 reals in Brazil worth 35,000 dollars. It drew 12 percent interest, but the Brazilian real declined 20 percent against the dollar.a. What is the value of its holdings, based on U.S. dollars, at year-end (Hint: multiply$35,000 times 1.12 and then multiply the resulting value by 80 percent.)b. What is the value of its holdings, based on U.S. dollars, at year-end if it drew9 percent interest and the real went up by 10 percent against the dollar?7-3. Solution:Megahurtz International Car Rentala. $35,000 × 1.12 = $39,200$39,200 × 80% = $31,360 dollar value of real holdingsb. $35,000 × 1.09 = $38,150$38,150 × 110% = $41,965 dollar value of real holdings4. Thompson Wood Products has credit sales of $2,160,000 and accounts receivableof $288,000. Compute the value of the average collection period.7-4. Solution:Thompson Wood ProductsAccounts Receivable Average collection period Average daily credit sales$288,000$2,160,000/360$288,00048days $6,000====5. Lone Star Petroleum Co. has annual credit sales of $2,880,000 and accounts receivableof $272,000. Compute the value of the average collection period.7-5. Solution:Lone Star Petroleum Co.Accounts Receivable Average collection period Average daily credit sales$272,000$2,288,000/360$272,0008,00034days ====6. Knight Roundtable Co. has annual credit sales of $1,080,000 and an average collectionperiod of 32 days in 2008. Assume a 360-day year. What is the company ’s averageaccounts receivable balance? Accounts receivable are equal to the average daily credit sales times the average collection period.7-6. Solution:Knight Roundtable Co.$1,080,000annual credit sales $3,000credit sales a day 360days per year=$3,000 average 32 average $96,000 average accounts daily credit sales collection period receivable balance=⨯7.Darla ’s Cosmetics has annual credit sales of $1,440,000 and an average collection period of 45 days in 2008. Assume a 360-day year.What is the company ’s average accounts receivable balance? Accounts receivable are equal to the average daily credit sales times the average collection period. 7-7. Solution:Darla ’s Cosmetic Company$1,440,000 annual credit sales/360 = $4,000 per day credit sales $4,000 credit sales × 45 average collection period = $180,000average accounts receivable balance8. In Problem 7, if accounts receivable change to $200,000 in the year 2009, while credit salesare $1,800,000, should we assume the firm has a more or a less lenient credit policy? 7-8. Solution:Darla ’s Cosmetics (Continued)To determine if there is a more lenient credit policy, compute the average collection period.Accounts ReceivableAverage collection period Average daily credit sales$200,000$1,800,000/360$200,00040 days $5,000====Since the firm has a shorter average collection period, it appears that the firm does not have a more lenient credit policy.9. Hubbell Electronic Wiring Company has an average collection period of 35 days. Theaccounts receivable balance is $105,000. What is the value of its credit sales?7-9. Solution:Hubbell Electronic Wiring CompanyAccounts receivable Average collection period Average daily credit sales$105,00035 days credit sales 360$105,000Credit sales/36035 daysCredit sales/360$3,000 credit sales per dayCredit sales $3,==⎛⎫ ⎪⎝⎭===000360$1,080,000⨯=10. Marv ’s Women ’s Wear has the following schedule for aging of accounts receivable.Age of Receivables, April 30, 2004(1)(2) (3) (4)Month of SalesAge of Account Amounts Percent of Amount Due April .................................0–30 $ 88,000 ____ March ...............................31–60 44,000 ____ February ...........................61–90 33,000 ____ January .............................91–120 55,000 ____ Total receivables ...........$220,000 100%a . Fill in column (4) for each month.b . If the firm had $960,000 in credit sales over the four-month period, compute the average collection period. Average daily sales should be based on a 120-day period.c . If the firm likes to see its bills collected in 30 days, should it be satisfied with the average collection period?d . Disregarding your answer to part c and considering the aging schedule for accounts receivable, should the company be satisfied? e . What additional information does the aging schedule bring to the company that theaverage collection period may not show?7-10. Solution:Marv’s Women’s WearAge of Receivables, April 30, 2004a.(1)(2)(3)(4)Month of SalesAge ofAccount AmountsPercent ofAmount DueApril 0-30 $ 88,000 40% March 31-60 44,000 20% February 61-90 33,000 15% January 91-120 55,000 25% Total receivables $220,000 100%b.Accounts receivable Average Collection PeriodAverage daily credit sales$220,000$960,000/120$220,000$8,00027.5 days====c. Yes, the average collection of 27.5 days is less than 30 days.d. No. The aging schedule provides additional insight that 60percent of the accounts receivable are over 30 days old.e. It goes beyond showing how many days of credit salesaccounts receivables represent, to indicate the distribution of accounts receivable between various time frames.11. Nowlin Pipe & Steel has projected sales of 72,000 pipes this year, an ordering cost of$6 per order, and carrying costs of $2.40 per pipe.a . What is the economic ordering quantity?b . How many orders will be placed during the year?c . What will the average inventory be?7-11. Solution:Nowlin Pipe and Steel Companya. EOQ 600 units =====b. 72,000 units/600 units = 120 ordersc. EOQ/2 = 600/2 = 300 units (average inventory)12. Howe Corporation is trying to improve its inventory control system and has installed anonline computer at its retail stores. Howe anticipates sales of 126,000 units per year, an ordering cost of $4 per order, and carrying costs of $1.008 per unit.a . What is the economic ordering quantity?b . How many orders will be placed during the year?c . What will the average inventory be?d . What is the total cost of inventory expected to be?7-12. Solution:Howe Corp.a. EOQ 1,000 units ===b. 126,000 units/1,000 units = 126 orders7-12. (Continued)c. EOQ/2 = 1,000/2 = 500 units (average inventory)d. 126 orders × $4 ordering cost= $ 504 500 units × $1.008 carrying cost per unit = 504 Total costs = $1,00813. (See Problem 12 for basic data.) In the second year, Howe Corporation finds it can reduceordering costs to $1 per order but that carrying costs will stay the same at $1.008 per unit. a . Recompute a, b, c , and d in Problem 12 for the second year.b . Now compare years one and two and explain what happened.7-13. Solution:Howe Corp. (Continued)a. EOQ 500 units =====126,000 units/500 units = 252 ordersEOQ/2 = 500/2 = 250 units (average inventory)252 orders × $1 ordering cost= $252 250 units × $1.008 carrying cost per unit = 252 Total costs = $504b. The number of units ordered declines 50%, while the numberof orders doubles. The average inventory and total costs both decline by one-half. Notice that the total cost did not decline in equal percentage to the decline in ordering costs. This isbecause the change in EOQ and other variables (½) isproportional to the square root of the change in orderingcosts (¼).14. Higgins Athletic Wear has expected sales of 22,500 units a year, carrying costs of $1.50per unit, and an ordering cost of $3 per order.a. What is the economic order quantity?b. What will be the average inventory? The total carrying cost?c. Assume an additional 30 units of inventory will be required as safety stock. What willthe new average inventory be? What will the new total carrying cost be?7-14. Solution:Higgins Athletic Weara. EOQ==300 units===b. EOQ/2 = 300/2 = 150 units (average inventory)150 units × $1.50 carrying cost/unit = $225 total carrying costc.EOQAverage inventory Safety Stock230030150301802=+=+=+= 180 inventory × $1.50 carrying cost per year = $270 total carrying cost15. Dimaggio Sports Equipment, Inc., is considering a switch to level production. Costefficiencies would occur under level production, and aftertax costs would decline by$35,000, but inventory would increase by $400,000. Dimaggio would have to finance the extra inventory at a cost of 10.5 percent.a. Should the company go ahead and switch to level production?b. How low would interest rates need to fall before level production would be feasible? 7-15. Solution:Dimaggio Sports Equipment, Inc.a. Inventory increases by $400,000× interest expense 10.5%Increased costs $ 42,000Less: Savings 35,000Loss ($ 7,000)Don’t switch to level production. Increased ROI is less thanthe interest cost of more inventory.b. If interest rates fall to 8.75% or less, the switch would befeasible.$35,000 Savings8.75%$400,000 increased inventory16. Johnson Electronics is considering extending trade credit to some customers previouslyconsidered poor risks. Sales will increase by $100,000 if credit is extended to these new customers. Of the new accounts receivable generated, 10 percent will prove to beuncollectible. Additional collection costs will be 3 percent of sales, and production and selling costs will be 79 percent of sales. The firm is in the 40 percent tax bracket.a. Compute the incremental income after taxes.b. What will Johnson’s incremental return on sales be if these new credit customers areaccepted?c. If the receivable turnover ratio is 6 to 1, and no other asset buildup is needed to servethe new customers, what will Johnson’s incremental return on new averageinvestment be?7-16. Solution:Johnson Electronicsa. Additional sales .................................................... $100,000Accounts uncollectible (10% of new sales) ......... – 10,000Annual incremental revenue ................................ $ 90,000Collection costs (3% of new sales) ...................... – 3,000Production and selling costs (79% of new sales) .– 79,000Annual income before taxes ................................. $ 8,000Taxes (40%) ......................................................... – 3,200Incremental income after taxes ............................ $ 4,800b.Incremental income Incremental return on salesIncremental sales$4,800/$100,000 4.8%===c. Receivable turnover = Sales/Receivable turnover = 6xReceivables = Sales/Receivable turnover= $100,000/6= $16,666.67Incremental return on new average investment =$4,800/$16,666.67 = 28.80%17. Collins Office Supplies is considering a more liberal credit policy to increase sales, butexpects that 9 percent of the new accounts will be uncollectible. Collection costs are5 percent of new sales, production and selling costs are 78 percent, and accounts receivableturnover is five times. Assume income taxes of 30 percent and an increase in sales of$80,000. No other asset buildup will be required to service the new accounts.a. What is the level of accounts receivable to support this sales expansion?b. What would be Collins’s incremental aftertax return on investment?c. Should Collins liberalize credit if a 15 percent aftertax return on investment isrequired?Assume Collins also needs to increase its level of inventory to support new sales and that inventory turnover is four times.d. What would be the total incremental investment in accounts receivable and inventoryto support a $80,000 increase in sales?e. Given the income determined in part b and the investment determined in part d,should Collins extend more liberal credit terms?7-17. Solution:Collins Office Suppliesa.$80,000 Investment in accounts receivable$16,0005==b. Added sales .......................................................... $ 80,000Accounts uncollectible (9% of new sales) ........... – 7,200 Annual incremental revenue ................................ $ 72,800 Collection costs (5% of new sales) ...................... – 4,000 Production and selling costs (78% of new sales) – 62,400 Annual income before taxes ................................. $ 6,400 Taxes (30%) ......................................................... – 1,920 Incremental income after taxes ............................ $ 4,480Return on incremental investment = $4,480/$16,000 = 28% c. Yes! 28% exceeds the required return of 15%.7-17. (Continued)d.$80,000 Investment in inventory =$20,0004Total incremental investmentInventory $20,000Accounts receivable 16,000Incremental investment $36,000 $4,480/$36,000 = 12.44% return on investmente. No! 12.44% is less than the required return of 15%.18. Curtis Toy Manufacturing Company is evaluating the extension of credit to a new group ofcustomers. Although these customers will provide $240,000 in additional credit sales,12 percent are likely to be uncollectible. The company will also incur $21,000 in additionalcollection expense. Production and marketing costs represent 72 percent of sales. Thecompany is in a 30 percent tax bracket and has a receivables turnover of six times. No other asset buildup will be required to service the new customers. The firm has a 10 percentdesired return on investment.a. Should Curtis extend credit to these customers?b. Should credit be extended if 14 percent of the new sales prove uncollectible?c. Should credit be extended if the receivables turnover drops to 1.5 and 12 percent ofthe accounts are uncollectible (as was the case in part a).Curtis Toy Manufacturing Companya. Added sales ............................................................. $240,000Accounts uncollectible (12% of new sales) ............ 28,800 Annual incremental revenue ................................... 211,200 Collection costs ....................................................... 21,000 Production and selling costs (72% of new sales) .... 172,800 Annual income before taxes .................................... 17,400 Taxes (30%) ............................................................ 5,220 Incremental income after taxes ............................... $ 12,180 $240,000Receivable turnover 6.0x 6.040,000 in new receivables ==$12,180Return on incremental investment 30.45%$40,000== b. Added sales ..........................................................$240,000 Accounts uncollectible (14% of new sales) .........– 33,600 Annual incremental revenue ................................$206,400 Collection costs ....................................................– 21,000 Production and selling costs (72% of new sales) .–172,800 Annual income before taxes .................................$ 12,600 Taxes (30%) .........................................................– 3,780 Incremental income after taxes ............................ $ 8,820$8,820Return on incremental investment 22.05%$40,000== Yes, extend credit.c. If receivable turnover drops to 1.5x, the investment inaccounts receivable would equal $240,000/1.5 = $160,000.The return on incremental investment, assuming a 12%uncollectible rate, is 7.61%.$12,180==Return on incremental investment7.61%$160,000The credit should not be extended. 7.61% is less than thedesired 10%.19. Reconsider problem 18. Assume the average collection period is 120 days. All other factorsare the same (including 12 percent uncollectibles). Should credit be extended?7-19. Solution:Curtis Toy Manufacturing Company (Continued) First compute the new accounts receivable balance.Accounts receivable = average collection period × average dailysales240,000120 days120$667$80,040⨯=⨯=360 daysorAccounts receivable = sales/accounts receivable turnover360 days==Accounts receivable turnover3x120 days=$240,000/3$80,000Then compute return on incremental investment.$12,18015.23%=$80,000Yes, extend credit. 15.23% is greater than 10%.20. Apollo Data Systems is considering a promotional campaign that will increase annualcredit sales by $600,000. The company will require investments in accounts receivable, inventory, and plant and equipment. The turnover for each is as follows:Accounts receivable (5x)Inventory (8x)Plant and equipment (2x)All $600,000 of the sales will be collectible. However, collection costs will be 3 percent of sales, and production and selling costs will be 77 percent of sales. The cost to carryinventory will be 6 percent of inventory. Depreciation expense on plant and equipment will be 7 percent of plant and equipment. The tax rate is 30 percent.a. Compute the investments in accounts receivable, inventory, and plant and equipmentbased on the turnover ratios. Add the three together.b. Compute the accounts receivable collection costs and production and selling costsand add the two figures together.c. Compute the costs of carrying inventory.d. Compute the depreciation expense on new plant and equipment.e. Add together all the costs in parts b, c, and d.f. Subtract the answer from part e from the sales figure of $600,000 to arrive at incomebefore taxes. Subtract taxes at a rate of 30 percent to arrive at income after taxes.g. Divide the aftertax return figure in part f by the total investment figure in part a. If thefirm has a required return on investment of 12 percent, should it undertake thepromotional campaign described throughout this problem.7-20. Solution:Apollo Data Systemsa. Accounts receivable = sales/accounts receivable turnover=$120,000$600,000/5Inventory = sales/inventory turnover=$75,000$600,000/8Plant and equipment = sales/(plant and equipment turnover)=$600,000/2$300,000Total investment$495,0007-20. (Continued)b. Collection cost = 3% × $600,000 $ 18,000Production and selling costs = 77% × $600,000 = 462,000Total costs related to accounts receivable $480,000c. Cost of carrying inventory6% × inventory6% × $75,000 $4,500d. Depreciation expense7% × Plant and Equipment7% × $300,000 $21,000e. Total costs related to accounts receivable $480,000Cost of carrying inventory 4,500Depreciation expense 21,000Total costs $505,500f. Sales $600,000– total costs 505,500Income before taxes 94,500Taxes (30%) 28,350Income after taxes $ 66,150g. Income after taxes$66,15013.36%Total investment495,000==Yes, it should undertake the campaignThe aftertax return of 13.36% exceeds the required rate of return of 12%21. In Problem 20, if inventory turnover had only been 4 times:a. What would be the new value for inventory investment?b. What would be the return on investment? You need to recompute the total investmentand the total costs of the campaign to work toward computing income after taxes.Should the campaign be undertaken?7-21. Solution:Apollo Data Systems (Continued)a. Inventory = sales/inventory turnover$150,000 = $600,000/4b. New Total InvestmentAccounts receivable $120,000Inventory 150,000Plant and equipment 300,000$570,000Total Cost of the CampaignCost of carrying inventory6% × $150,000 = $9,000 ($4,500 more than previously)New Income After TaxesSales $600,000– total costs 510,000 ($505,500 + 4,500)Income before taxes 90,000Taxes (30%) 27,000Income after taxes $ 63,000Income after taxes$63,000==11.05%Total investment570,000No, the campaign should not be undertakenThe aftertax return of 11.05% is less than the required rate ofreturn of 12%(Problems 22–25 are a series and should be taken in order.)22. Maddox Resources has credit sales of $180,000 yearly with credit terms of net 30 days,which is also the average collection period. Maddox does not offer a discount for early payment, so its customers take the full 30 days to pay.What is the average receivables balance? What is the receivables turnover?7-22. Solution:Maddox ResourcesSales/360 days = average daily sales$180,000/360 = $500Accounts receivable balance = $500 × 30 days = $15,000Receivable turnover =Sales$180,00012x Receivables$15,000==or360 days/30 = 12x23. If Maddox were to offer a 2 percent discount for payment in 10 days and every customertook advantage of the new terms, what would the new average receivables balance be?Use the full sales of $180,000 for your calculation of receivables.7-23. Solution:Maddox Resources (Continued)$500 × 10 days = $5,000 new receivable balance24. If Maddox reduces its bank loans, which cost 12 percent, by the cash generated from itsreduced receivables, what will be the net gain or loss to the firm?7-24. Solution:Maddox Resources (Continued)Old receivables – new receivables with discount = Funds freed by discount$15,000 – $5,000 ................................... = $10,000Savings on loan = 12% × $10,000 .......... = $ 1,200Discount on sales = 2% × $180,000 ........ = (3,600)Net change in income from discount ...... $(2,400) No! Don’t offer the discount since the income from reduced bankloans does not offset the loss on the discount.25. Assume that the new trade terms of 2/10, net 30 will increase sales by 20 percent becausethe discount makes the Maddox price competitive. If Maddox earns 16 percent on salesbefore discounts, should it offer the discount? (Consider the same variables as you did for problems 22 through 24.)7-25. Solution:Maddox Resources (Continued)New sales = $180,000 × 1.20 = $216,000 Sales per day = $216,000/360 = $600 Average receivables balance = $600 × 10 = $6,000 Savings in interest cost ($15,000 – $6,000) × 12% = 1,080 Increase profit on new sales = 16% × $36,000* = $5,760 Reduced profit because of discount = 2% × $216,000 = (4,320) Net change in income ............................................ $2,520 Yes, offer the discount because total profit increases.*New Sales $36,000 = $216,000 – $180,000COMPREHENSIVE PROBLEMBailey Distributing Company sells small appliances to hardware stores in the southern California area. Michael Bailey, the president of the company, is thinking about changing the credit policies offered by the firm to attract customers away from competitors. The current policy calls for a1/10, net 30, and the new policy would call for a 3/10, net 50. Currently 40 percent of Bailey customers are taking the discount, and it is anticipated that this number would go up to50 percent with the new discount policy. It is further anticipated that annual sales would increase from a level of $200,000 to $250,000 as a result of the change in the cash discount policy.The increased sales would also affect the inventory level. The average inventory carried by Bailey is based on a determination of an EOQ. Assume unit sales of small appliances will increase from 20,000 to 25,000 units. The ordering cost for each order is $100 and the carrying cost per unit is $1 (these values will not change with the discount). The average inventory is based on EOQ/2. Each unit in inventory has an average cost of $6.50.Cost of goods sold is equal to 65 percent of net sales; general and administrative expenses are 10 percent of net sales; and interest payments of 12 percent will be necessary only for the increase in the accounts receivable and inventory balances. Taxes will equal 25 percent of before-tax income.a. Compute the accounts receivable balance before and after the change in the cashdiscount policy. Use the net sales (Total sales – Cash discounts) to determine theaverage daily sales and the accounts receivable balances.b. Determine EOQ before and after the change in the cash discount policy. Translate thisinto average inventory (in units and dollars) before and after the change in the cashdiscount policy.c. Complete the income statement.Before Policy Change After Policy ChangeNet sales (Sales – Cash discounts)Cost of goods soldGross profitGeneral and administrativeexpenseOperating profitInterest on increase in accountsreceivable and inventory (12%)Income before taxesTaxesIncome after taxesd. Should the new cash discount policy be utilized? Briefly comment.Bailey Distributing Companya. Accounts receivable = average collection × averageperiod daily sales Before Policy ChangeAverage collection period .40 × 10 days = 4 .60 × 30 days = 18 22 days Average daily sales()()()$200,000.01.40$200,000Credit sales Discount 360360$200,000$800360$199,200360Average daily sales $553.33--=-===22 days × $553.33 = $12,173.26 accounts receivable before policy changeAfter Policy Change Average collection period .50 × 10 days = 5 .50 × 50 days = 25 30 days。

财务管理第七章习题一、单项选择题1. 企业将资金占用在应收账款上而放弃其他方面投资可获得的收益是应收账款的（ A ）。

A.管理成本B.坏账成本C.资金成本D.机会成本2.经济批量是指（ D ）。

A.采购成本最低的采购批量B.订货成本最低的采购批量C.储存成本最低的采购批量D.存货总成本最低的采购批量3.在对存货采用ABC法进行控制时，应当重点控制的是（ B ）。

A.数量较大的存货B.占用资金较多的存货C.品种多的存货D.价格昂贵的存货4.信用标准常见的表示指标是（ A ）。

A.信用条件B.预期的坏账损失率C.现金折扣D.信用期 5.企业置存现金，主要是为了满足（ D ）。

A.交易性、预防性、盈利性需要B.交易性、预防性、投机性需要C.支付性、预防性、盈利性需要D.交易性、预防性、流通性需要 6.企业评价客户登记，决定给予或拒绝客户信用的依据是（ A ）。

A.信用标准B.收账政策C.信用条件D.信用政策7.下列各项属于应收账款机会成本的是（ C ）。

A.坏账损失B.收账费用C.应收账款占用资金的应计利息D.对客户信用进行调查的费用8.现金作为一种资产，它的（ A ）。

A.流动性强，盈利性差B.流动性强，盈利性强C.流动性差，盈利性强D.流动性差，盈利性强9.在存货ABC分类控制法中，对存货的最基本的分类标准为（A ）。

A.金额标准B.品质标准C.品种数量标准D.质量成容积标准二、多项选择题1.控制现金支出的有效措施包括（ ABCD ）A.推迟支付应付款B.采用汇票付款C.加速收款D.合理利用“浮游量”260 2.最佳现金持有量的模式包括（ ABC ）A.现金周转模式B.存货模式C.成本分析模式D.因素分析模式3.企业持有现金的动机包括（ ABC ）A.交易动机B.预防动机C.投机动机D.满足未来偿债要求建立偿债4.下列各项中，属于信用政策的有（ BCD ）A.现销政策B.信用标准C.收账政策D.信用条件5.存货成本包括（ ABCD ）A.缺货成本B.订货成本C.储存成本D.购置成本三、判断题1.根据存货经济订货量模型，经济订货量是能使订货总成本与储存总成本相等的订货批量（×）。

一、单项选择题1.一般而言，营运资金指的是（）。

（2018 年）A.流动资产减去存货的余额B.流动资产减去流动负债的余额C.流动资产减去速动资产后的余额D.流动资产减去货币资金后的余额2.由于供应商不提供商业信用，公司需要准备足够多的现金以满足材料采购的需求，这种现金持有动机属于（）。

（2020 年）A.交易性需求B.投机性需求C.预防性需求D.储蓄性需求3.某公司发现某股票的价格因突发事件而大幅度下降，预判有很大的反弹空间，但苦于没有现金购买。

这说明该公司持有的现金未能满足（）。

（2019 年）A.投机性需求 B.预防性需求C.决策性需求D.交易性需求4.某公司资产总额为9 000 万元，其中永久性流动资产为2 400 万元，波动性流动资产为 1 600 万元，该公司长期资金来源金额为8 100 万元，不考虑其他情形，可以判断该公司的融资策略属于（）。

（2017 年）A.匹配融资策略B.保守融资策略C.激进融资策略D.风险匹配融资策略5.某公司用长期资金来源满足非流动资产和部分永久性流动资产的需要，而用短期资金来源满足剩余部分永久性流动资产和全部波动性资产的需要，则该公司采用的流动资产融资策略是（）。

（2015 年）A.激进融资策略B.保守融资策略C.折中融资策略D.匹配融资策略6.在利用成本模型进行最佳现金持有量决策时，下列成本因素中未被考虑在内的是（）。

（2019 年）A.机会成本B.交易成本C.短缺成本D.管理成本7.某公司当年的资本成本率为10%，现金平均持有量为30 万元，现金管理费用为2 万元，现金与有价证券之间的转换成本为1.5 万元，则该公司当年持有现金的机会成本是（）万元。

（2018 年）A.5B.3.5C.6. 5D.38.某公司采用随机模型计算得出目标现金余额为200 万元，最低限额为120 万元，则根据该模型计算的现金上限为（）万元。

（2019 年）A.280B.360C.240D.3209.某公司存货周转期为160 天，应收账款周转期为90 天，应付账款周转期为100 天，则该公司现金周转期为（）天。