(完整版)材料力学中英对照词汇

百度文库- 让每个人平等地提升自我！《材料力学性能》专业英语词汇2010-3-任课教师：李爱农专业班级：成型0703-05Metal materials 金属材料polymer materials 高分子材料Ceramic materials 陶瓷材料composite 复合材料Thermoplastic 热塑性thermosetting 热固性Hook's law 虎克定律elastic limit 弹性极限elastic deformation 弹性变形tensile strength抗拉强度Plastic Deformation塑性变形fracture strength断裂强度impact toughness冲击韧性fracture toughness断裂韧性Ductile-brittle transition韧脆转变温度critical stress 临界应力temperaturepoisson ratio泊松比疲劳强度compressive strength抗压强度shear strength剪切强度torsional strength 扭转强度stress concentration 应力集中Uniform deformation均匀变形Concentration of plastic集中塑性变形deformationNon-uniform deformation 不均匀变形Slip band 滑移带Tensile Test 拉伸试验gauge length 标距stress-strain diagram 应力-应变图dimensional stability 尺寸稳定性strain hardening index 应变硬化指数yield deformation 屈服变形yield strength 屈服强度strain hardening 加工硬化Distortion test 扭曲试验Stress state of soft factor 应力状态软性系数shear test 剪切试验Bending stress 弯曲应力flexure 挠曲，弯曲breaking strength 破裂强度deflection 挠曲，挠度endurance limit 疲劳极限damping effect 减震作用abrasion test 磨损试验Brinell hardness，HB 布氏硬度abrasion hardness 莫氏硬度、磨损硬度Rockwell hardness，HR 洛氏硬度acicular structure 针状组织vickers hardness，HV维氏硬度crystal boundary 晶界knoop hardness，HK 努氏硬度cup and cone fracture 杯形凹凸断口elastic modulus 弹性模量distortion 扭曲、畸变Shear modulus 切变模量ductility 延性，塑性after constriction 残余收缩elastic aftereffect 弹性后效ageing effect 时效作用embattlement 脆化，脆变高温强度endurance limit 疲劳极限elevated temperaturestrengthcantilever 悬臂（梁）force couple 力偶carbonized layer 渗碳层fatigue failure 疲劳断裂case depth 硬化层深度fatigue strength 疲劳强度case hardness 表面硬度fiber material 纤维（状）材料fiery fracture 光亮粗晶断口casting stress 铸造应力cellular segregation 网状偏析chill crack 冷裂纹checked surface 龟裂表面Erosion wear 冲蚀磨损stress corrosion test 应力腐蚀Wear resistance 耐磨性corrosion resistance 耐蚀性Chirp (impact) test 夏氏冲击试验safety factor 安全系数form factor 形状因数failure 失效cleavage brittleness 晶间脆裂intra-crystalline rupture 晶内断裂cleavage rupture 沿解理面断裂frictional coefficient 摩擦系数cracking 开裂、裂纹fracture criterion 断裂准则corrosion fatigue 腐蚀疲劳sectional sensitivity 壁厚敏感性galvanic corrosion 电解腐蚀creep deformation 蠕变critical diameter 临界直径crack sensitivity 裂纹敏感性solid solution phase 固溶相section size 剖面尺寸surface treatment 表面处理tribology 摩擦学Flanging coefficient 翻边系数expanding coefficient扩口系数minimum bending radius 最小弯曲半径bulging coefficient 胀形系数reverse deformation 反变形X-ray analysis X射线分析Ctrl+S 保存Ctrl+W 关闭程序Ctrl+N 新建Ctrl+O 打开Ctrl+Z 撤销Ctrl+F 查找Ctrl+X 剪切Ctrl+C 复制Ctrl+V 粘贴Ctrl+A 全选Ctrl+[ 缩小文字Ctrl+] 放大文字Ctrl+B 粗体Ctrl+I 斜体Ctrl+U 下划线Ctrl+Shift 输入法切换Ctrl+空格中英文切换Ctrl+回车QQ号中发送信息Ctrl+Home 光标快速移到文件头Ctrl+End 光标快速移到文件尾Ctrl+Esc 显示开始菜单Ctrl+Shift+< 快速缩小文字Ctrl+Shift+> 快速放大文字Ctrl+F5 在IE中强行刷新Ctrl+拖动文件复制文件Ctrl+Backspace 启动\关闭输入法拖动文件时按住Ctrl+Shift 创建快捷方式Alt+空格+C 关闭窗口Alt+空格+N 最小化当前窗口Alt+空格+R 恢复最小化窗口Alt+空格+X 最大化当前窗口Alt+空格+M 移动窗口Alt+空格+S 改变窗口大小Alt+Tab 两个程序交换Alt+255 QQ号中输入无名人Alt+F 打开文件菜单Alt+V 打开视图菜单Alt+E 打开编辑菜单Alt+I 打开插入菜单Alt+O 打开格式菜单Alt+T 打开工具菜单Alt+A 打开表格菜单Alt+W 打开窗口菜单Alt+H 打开帮助菜单Alt+回车查看文件属性Alt+双击文件查看文件属性Alt+X 关闭C语言Shift快捷键Shift+空格半\全角切换Shift + Delete 永久删除所选项，而不将它放到“回收站”中。

索引（按照汉语拼音字母顺序）A安全系数 safety factorB半桥接法 half bridge闭口薄壁杆件 thin-walled tubes比例极限 proportional limit边界条件 boundary conditions变截面梁 beam of variable cross section变形 deformation变形协调方程 compatibility equation标距 gage length泊松比 Poisson’s ratio补偿片 compensating blockC材料力学 mechanics of materials冲击荷载 impact load初应力，预应力 initial stress纯剪切 pure shear纯弯曲 pure bending脆性材料 brittle materialsD大柔度杆 long columns单位荷载 unit load单位力偶 unit couple单位荷载法 unit-load method单向应力 uniaxial stress等强度梁 beam of constant strength低周疲劳 low-cycle fatigue电桥平衡 bridge balancing电阻应变片 resistance strain gage电阻应变仪 resistance strain indicator叠加法 superposition method叠加原理 superposition principle动荷载 dynamic load断面收缩率 percentage reduction in area多余约束 redundant restraintE二向应力状态 state of biaxial stressF分布力 distributed force复杂应力状态 state of triaxial stress复合材料 composite materialG杆，杆件 bar刚度 stiffness刚架 frame刚节点 rigid joint高周疲劳 high-cycle fatigue各向同性材料 isotropical material功的互等定理 reciprocal-work theorem工作应变计 active strain gage工作应力 working stress构件 structural member惯性半径 radius of gyration of an area惯性积 product of inertia惯性矩 moment of inertia广义胡克定律 generalized Hook’s lawH横向变形 lateral deformation胡克定律 Hook’s law滑移线 slip-linesIJ基本系统 primary system畸变能理论 distortion energy theory畸变能密度 distortional strain energy density 极惯性矩 polar moment of inertia极限应力 ultimate stress极限荷载 limit load挤压应力 bearing stress剪力 shear force剪力方程 equation of shear force剪力图 shear force diagram剪力流 shear flow剪切胡克定律 Hook’s law for shear剪切 shear交变应力，循环应力 cyclic stress截面法 method of sections截面几何性质 geometrical properties of an area 截面核心 core of section静不定次数，超静定次数 degree of a statically indeterminate problem静不定问题，超静定问题 statically indeterminate problem静定问题 statically determinate problem静荷载 static load静矩 static moment颈缩 neckingK开口薄壁杆件 bar of thin-walled open cross section抗拉强度 ultimate stress in tension抗扭截面系数 section modulus in torsion抗扭强度 ultimate stress in torsion抗弯截面系数 section modulus in bendingL拉压刚度 axial rigidity拉压杆 axially loaded bar理想弹塑性假设 elastic-perfectly plastic assumption力法 force method力学性能 mechanical properties连续梁 continuous beam连续条件 continuity condition梁 beams临界应力 critical stress临界荷载 critical loadM名义屈服强度 offset yielding stress莫尔强度理论 Mohr theory of failure敏感栅 sensitive gridN挠度 deflection挠曲线 deflection curve挠曲线方程 equation of deflection curve挠曲线近似微分方程 approximately differential equation of the deflection curve 内力 internal forces扭矩 torsional moment扭矩图 torque diagram扭转 torsion扭转极限应力 ultimate stress in torsion扭转角 angel of twist扭转屈服极限 yielding stress in torsion扭转刚度 torsional rigidityO欧拉公式 Euler’s formula疲劳极限 endurance limit疲劳破坏 fatigue rupture疲劳寿命 fatigue life偏心拉伸 eccentric tension偏心压缩 eccentric compression平均应力 average stress平面弯曲 plane bending平面应力状态 state of plane stress平行移轴定理 parallel axis theorem平面假设 plane cross-section assumptionQ强度 strength强度理论 theory of strength强度条件 strength condition切变模量 shear modulus切应变 shear strain切应力 shear stress切应力互等定理 theorem of conjugate shearing stress 屈服 yield屈服强度 yield strength全桥接线法 full bridgeR热应力 thermal stressS三向应力状态 state of triaxial stress三轴直角应变花 three-element rectangular rosette三轴等角应变花 three-element delta rosette失稳 buckling伸长率 elongation圣维南原理 Saint-Venant’s principle实验应力分析 experimental stress analysis塑性变形 plastic deformation塑性材料 ductile materials塑性铰 plastic hingeT弹性变形 elastic deformation弹性模量 modulus of elasticity体积力 body force体积改变比能 density of energy of volume change体积应变 volume strainUW弯矩 bending moment弯矩方程 equation of bending moment弯矩图 bending moment diagram弯曲 bending弯曲刚度 flexural rigidity弯曲正应力 normal stress in bending弯曲切应力 shear stress in bending弯曲中心 shear center位移法 displacement method位移互等定理 reciprocal-displacement theorem稳定条件 stability condition稳定性 stability稳定安全系数 safety factor for stabilityX细长比，柔度 slenderness ratio线性弹性体 linear elastic body相当长度 equivalent length相当应力 equivalent stress小柔度杆 short columns形心轴 centroidal axis形心主惯性矩 principal centroidal moments of inertia 形心主轴 principal centroidal axis许用应力 allowable stress许用应力法 allowable stress method许用荷载 allowable load许用荷载法 allowable load methodY应变花 strain rosette应变片 strain gage应变能 strain energy应变比能 strain energy density应力 stress应力速率 stress ratio应力比 stress ratio应力幅 stress amplitude应力状态 state of stress应力集中 stress concentration应力集中系数 stress concentration factor应力－寿命曲线，S-N曲线 stress-cycle curve应力－应变图 stress-strain diagram应力圆，莫尔圆 Mohr’s circle for stresses约束扭转 constraint torsionZ正应变 normal strain正应力 normal stress中面 middle plane中柔度杆 intermediate columns中性层 neutral surface中性轴 neutral axis轴 shaft轴力 axial force轴力图 axial force diagram轴向变形 axial deformation轴向拉伸 axial tension轴向压缩 axial compression主平面 principal planes主应力 principal stress主应力迹线 principal stress trajectory主轴 principal axis主惯性矩 principal moment of inertia转角 angel of rotation转轴公式 transformation equation自由扭转 free torsion组合变形 combined deformation组合截面 composite area最大拉应力理论 maximum tensile stress theory 最大拉应变理论 maximum tensile strain theory 最大切应力理论 maximum shear stress theory最大应力 maximum stress最小应力 minimum stress。

材料力学的英语是Material Mechanics，是工程力学中的一个重要分支，主要研究材料的力学性能及其应用，涉及材料的弹性、塑性、破坏等方面。

以下是一些与材料力学相关的英语术语：
Elasticity（弹性）：材料在受力作用下能够恢复原状的能力。

Plasticity（塑性）：材料在受力作用下能够发生不可逆的形变。

Yield strength（屈服强度）：材料开始发生塑性变形的最小应力。

Ultimate strength（极限强度）：材料承受最大载荷时发生破坏的应力。

Fracture toughness（断裂韧性）：材料在破坏前能够承受裂纹扩展的能力。

Fatigue strength（疲劳强度）：材料在经历多次循环加载后能够承受的最大应力。

Stress concentration（应力集中）：材料中存在的应力集中点或者区域，会导致材料在该处产生更高的应力。

以上是材料力学中的一些英语术语，对于学习和掌握材料力学知识和技能有很大的帮助。

力学常用中英文词汇对照结构力学structural mechanics结构分析structural analysis结构动力学structural dynamics拱arch三铰拱three-hinged arch抛物线拱parabolic arch圆拱circular arch 穹顶dome空间结构space structure空间桁架space truss雪载[荷] snow load风载[荷] wind load土压力earth pressure地震载荷earthquake loading弹簧支座spring support支座位移support displacement支座沉降support settlement超静定次数degree of indeterminacy机动分析kinematic analysis结点法method of joints截面法method of sections结点力joint forces 共轭位移conjugate displacement影响线influence line三弯矩方程three-moment equation单位虚力unit virtual force刚度系数stiffness coefficient柔度系数flexibility coefficient力矩分配moment distribution力矩分配法moment distribution method力矩再分配moment redistribution分配系数distribution factor矩阵位移法matrix displacement method单元刚度矩阵element stiffness matrix单元应变矩阵element strain matrix总体坐标global coordinates贝蒂定理Betti theorem高斯--若尔当消去法Gauss-Jordan elimination Method 屈曲模态buckling mode复合材料力学mechanics of composites复合材料composite material纤维复合材料fibrous composite单向复合材料unidirectional composite泡沫复合材料foamed composite颗粒复合材料particulate composite层板laminate夹层板sandwich panel正交层板cross-ply laminate斜交层板angle-ply laminate层片ply多胞固体cellular solid膨胀expansion压实debulk劣化degradation脱层delamination脱粘debond纤维应力fiber stress层应力ply stress层应变ply strain层间应力interlaminar stress比强度specific strength强度折减系数strength reduction factor强度应力比strength -stress ratio横向剪切模量transverse shear modulus横观各向同性transverse isotropy正交各向异orthotropy剪滞分析shear lag analysis短纤维chopped fiber长纤维continuous fiber纤维方向fiber direction纤维断裂fiber break纤维拔脱fiber pull-out纤维增强fiber reinforcement致密化densification最小重量设计optimum weight design网格分析法netting analysis混合律rule of mixture失效准则failure criterion蔡--吴失效准则Tsai-Wufailure criterion达格代尔模型Dugdale model断裂力学fracture mechanics概率断裂力学probabilistic fracture Mechanics格里菲思理论Griffith theory线弹性断裂力学linear elastic fracturemechanics, LEFM弹塑性断裂力学elastic-plastic fracture mechanics,EPFM断裂fracture脆性断裂brittle fracture解理断裂cleavage fracture蠕变断裂creepfracture延性断裂ductile fracture晶间断裂inter-granular fracture准解理断裂quasi-cleavage fracture穿晶断裂trans-granular fracture裂纹crack裂缝flaw缺陷defect割缝slit微裂纹microcrack折裂kink椭圆裂纹elliptical crack深埋裂纹embedded crack[钱]币状裂纹penny-shape crack预制裂纹precrack短裂纹short crack表面裂纹surface crack裂纹钝化crack blunting裂纹分叉crack branching裂纹闭合crack closure裂纹前缘crack front裂纹嘴crack mouth裂纹张开角crack opening angle, COA裂纹张开位移crack opening displacement, COD裂纹阻力crack resistance裂纹面crack surface裂纹尖端crack tip裂尖张角crack tip opening angle, CTOA裂尖张开位移crack tip opening displacement,CTOD裂尖奇异场crack tip singularity Field裂纹扩展速率crack growth rate稳定裂纹扩展stable crack growth定常裂纹扩展steady crack growth亚临界裂纹扩展subcritical crack growth裂纹[扩展]减速crack retardation止裂crack arrest止裂韧度arrest toughness断裂类型fracture mode 滑开型sliding mode张开型opening mode撕开型tearing mode复合型mixed mode撕裂tearing撕裂模量tearing modulus断裂准则fracture criterionJ积分J-integralJ阻力曲线J-resistance curve断裂韧度fracture toughness应力强度因子stress intensity factorHRR场Hutchinson-Rice-RosengrenField守恒积分conservation integral有效应力张量effective stress tensor应变能密度strain energy density能量释放率energy release rate内聚区cohesive zone塑性区plastic zone 张拉区stretched zone热影响区heat affected zone, HAZ延脆转变温度brittle-ductile transitiontemperature固体力学solid mechanics弹性力学elasticity弹性理论theory of elasticity均匀应力状态homogeneous state of stress应力不变量stress invariant应变不变量strain invariant应变椭球strain ellipsoid 均匀应变状态homogeneous state of strain应变协调方程equation of strain compatibility拉梅常量Lame constants各向同性弹性isotropic elasticity旋转圆盘rotating circular disk楔wedge开尔文问题Kelvin problem布西内斯克问题Boussinesq problem艾里应力函数Airy stress function克罗索夫--穆斯赫利什维利法Kolosoff-Muskhelishvili method基尔霍夫假设Kirchhoff hypothesis板plate矩形板rectangular plate圆板circular plate环板annular plate波纹板corrugated plate加劲板stiffened plate,reinforced plate中厚板plate of moderate thickness弯[曲]应力函数stress function of bending 壳shell扁壳shallow shell旋转壳revolutionary shell球壳spherical shell[圆]柱壳cylindricalshell锥壳conical shell环壳toroidal shell封闭壳closed shell波纹壳corrugated shell扭[转]应力函数stress function of torsion翘曲函数warpingfunction半逆解法semi-inverse method瑞利--里茨法Rayleigh-Ritz method松弛法relaxation method莱维法Levy method松弛relaxation量纲分析dimensional analysis自相似[性]self-similarity影响面influence surface接触应力contact stress赫兹理论Hertz theory协调接触conforming contact滑动接触sliding contact滚动接触rolling contact压入indentation各向异性弹性anisotropic elasticity颗粒材料granular material散体力学mechanics of granular media热弹性thermoelasticity超弹性hyperelasticity粘弹性viscoelasticity对应原理correspondence principle褶皱wrinkle塑性全量理论total theory of plasticity滑动sliding微滑microslip粗糙度roughness非线性弹性nonlinear elasticity大挠度large deflection突弹跳变snap-through有限变形finite deformation格林应变Green strain阿尔曼西应变Almansi strain弹性动力学dynamic elasticity运动方程equation of motion准静态的quasi-static气动弹性aeroelasticity水弹性hydroelasticity颤振flutter弹性波elastic wave简单波simple wave柱面波cylindrical wave水平剪切波horizontal shear wave竖直剪切波vertical shear wave 体波body wave无旋波irrotational wave畸变波distortion wave膨胀波dilatation wave瑞利波Rayleigh wave等容波equivoluminal wave勒夫波Love wave界面波interfacialwave边缘效应edge effect塑性力学plasticity可成形性formability金属成形metal forming耐撞性crashworthiness 结构抗撞毁性structural crashworthiness拉拔drawing破坏机构collapse mechanism回弹springback挤压extrusion冲压stamping穿透perforation层裂spalling塑性理论theory of plasticity安定[性]理论shake-down theory运动安定定理kinematic shake-down theorem静力安定定理staticshake-down theorem率相关理论rate dependent theorem载荷因子load factor加载准则loading criterion加载函数loading function加载面loading surface塑性加载plastic loading塑性加载波plastic loading wave简单加载simple loading比例加载proportional loading卸载unloading卸载波unloading wave冲击载荷impulsive load阶跃载荷step load脉冲载荷pulse load极限载荷limit load中性变载neutral loading拉抻失稳instability in tension加速度波acceleration wave本构方程constitutive equation完全解complete solution名义应力nominal stress过应力over-stress真应力true stress等效应力equivalent stress流动应力flow stress应力间断stress discontinuity应力空间stress space主应力空间principal stress space静水应力状态hydrostatic state of stress对数应变logarithmic strain工程应变engineering strain等效应变equivalent strain应变局部化strain localization应变率strainrate应变率敏感性strain rate sensitivity应变空间strain space 有限应变finite strain塑性应变增量plastic strain increment 累积塑性应变accumulated plastic strain永久变形permanent deformation内变量internal variable应变软化strain-softening 理想刚塑性材料rigid-perfectly plastic Material刚塑性材料rigid-plastic material理想塑性材料perfect plastic material材料稳定性stability of material应变偏张量deviatoric tensor of strain应力偏张量deviatoric tensor of stress应变球张量spherical tensor of strain应力球张量spherical tensor of stress 路径相关性path-dependency线性强化linearstrain-hardening应变强化strain-hardening随动强化kinematic hardening各向同性强化isotropic hardening强化模量strain-hardening modulus幂强化power hardening塑性极限弯矩plastic limit bending Moment塑性极限扭矩plastic limit torque弹塑性弯曲elastic-plastic bending弹塑性交界面elastic-plastic interface弹塑性扭转elastic-plastic torsion粘塑性viscoplasticity非弹性inelasticity理想弹塑性材料elastic-perfectly plasticMaterial极限分析limit analysis极限设计limit design极限面limit surface上限定理upper bound theorem上屈服点upper yield point下限定理lower bound theorem下屈服点lower yield point界限定理bound theorem 初始屈服面initial yield surface后继屈服面subsequent yieldsurface屈服面[的]外凸性convexity of yield surface截面形状因子shape factor of cross-section沙堆比拟sand heap analogy 屈服yield屈服条件yield condition屈服准则yield criterion 屈服函数yield function屈服面yield surface塑性势plastic potential能量吸收装置energy absorbing device能量耗散率energy absorbing device塑性动力学dynamic plasticity塑性动力屈曲dynamic plastic buckling塑性动力响应dynamic plastic response塑性波plastic wave运动容许场kinematically admissible Field静力容许场statically admissible Field流动法则flow rule速度间断velocity discontinuity滑移线slip-lines滑移线场slip-lines field移行塑性铰travelling plastic hinge塑性增量理论incremental theory of Plasticity米泽斯屈服准则Mises yield criterion普朗特--罗伊斯关系prandtl- Reuss relation特雷斯卡屈服准则Tresca yield criterion洛德应力参数Lode stress parameter莱维--米泽斯关系Levy-Mises relation亨基应力方程Hencky stress equation赫艾--韦斯特加德应力空间Haigh-Westergaard stress space洛德应变参数Lode strain parameter德鲁克公设Drucker postulate盖林格速度方程Geiringer velocity Equation 连续过程continuous process碰撞截面collision cross section 通用气体常数conventional gas constant燃烧不稳定性combustion instability稀释度dilution完全离解completedissociation火焰传播flame propagation组份constituent碰撞反应速率collision reaction rate燃烧理论combustion theory 浓度梯度concentration gradient阴极腐蚀cathodic corrosion 火焰速度flame speed火焰驻定flame stabilization火焰结构flame structure着火ignition湍流火焰turbulent flame层流火焰laminar flame燃烧带burning zone渗流flow in porous media, seepage达西定律Darcy law赫尔-肖流Hele-Shawflow毛[细]管流capillary flow过滤filtration爪进fingering不互溶驱替immiscible displacement不互溶流体immiscible fluid互溶驱替miscible displacement互溶流体miscible fluid迁移率mobility流度比mobility ratio渗透率permeability孔隙度porosity多孔介质porous medium比面specific surface迂曲度tortuosity空隙void空隙分数void fraction注水water flooding可湿性wettability地球物理流体动力学geophysical fluid dynamics物理海洋学physical oceanography大气环流atmospheric circulation海洋环流ocean circulation海洋流ocean current旋转流rotating flow平流advection埃克曼流Ekman flow埃克曼边界层Ekman boundary layer大气边界层atmospheric boundary layer大气-海洋相互作用atmosphere-ocean interaction埃克曼数Ekman number罗斯贝数Rossby number罗斯贝波Rossby wave斜压性baroclinicity正压性barotropy内磨擦internal friction海洋波ocean wave盐度salinity环境流体力学environmental fluid mechanics斯托克斯流Stokes flow羽流plume理查森数Richardson number污染源pollutant source 污染物扩散pollutant diffusion噪声noise噪声级noise level 噪声污染noise pollution排放物effulent工业流体力学industrial fluid mechanics流控技术fluidics轴向流axial flow 并向流co-current flow对向流counter current flow横向流cross flow螺旋流spiral flow旋拧流swirling flow滞后流after flow混合层mixing layer抖振buffeting风压wind pressure附壁效应wall attachment effect, Coandaeffect简约频率reduced frequency爆炸力学mechanics of explosion终点弹道学terminal ballistics动态超高压技术dynamic ultrahigh pressure technique流体弹塑性体hydro-elastoplastic medium 热塑不稳定性thermoplastic instability空中爆炸explosion in air地下爆炸underground explosion水下爆炸underwater explosion电爆炸discharge-induced explosion激光爆炸laser-induced explosion核爆炸nuclear explosion点爆炸point-source explosion殉爆sympathatic detonation强爆炸intense explosion粒子束爆炸explosion by beam radiation聚爆implosion起爆initiation of explosion爆破blasting霍普金森杆Hopkinson bar电炮electric gun电磁炮electromagnetic gun爆炸洞explosion chamber轻气炮light gas gun马赫反射Mach reflection基浪base surge成坑cratering能量沉积energy deposition爆心explosion center爆炸当量explosion equivalent火球fire ball爆高height of burst蘑菇云mushroom侵彻penetration规则反射regular reflection崩落spallation应变率史strain rate history流变学rheology聚合物减阻drag reduction by polymers挤出[物]胀大extrusion swell, die swell无管虹吸tubeless siphon剪胀效应dilatancy effect 孔压[误差]效应hole-pressure[error]effect剪切致稠shear thickening剪切致稀shear thinning触变性thixotropy反触变性anti-thixotropy超塑性superplasticity粘弹塑性材料viscoelastoplastic material滞弹性材料anelastic material本构关系constitutive relation麦克斯韦模型Maxwell model沃伊特-开尔文模型Voigt-Kelvin model宾厄姆模型Bingham model奥伊洛特模型Oldroyd model幂律模型power law model应力松驰stress relaxation应变史strain history应力史stress history记忆函数memory function衰退记忆fading memory应力增长stress growing粘度函数viscosity function 相对粘度relative viscosity复态粘度complex viscosity拉伸粘度elongational viscosity拉伸流动elongational flow第一法向应力差first normal-stress difference第二法向应力差second normal-stress difference德博拉数Deborah number魏森贝格数Weissenberg number动态模量dynamic modulus振荡剪切流oscillatory shear flow宇宙气体动力学cosmic gas dynamics等离[子]体动力学plasma dynamics电离气体ionized gas行星边界层planetary boundary layer阿尔文波Alfven wave泊肃叶-哈特曼流]Poiseuille-Hartman flow哈特曼数Hartman number生物流变学biorheology生物流体biofluid生物屈服点bioyield point生物屈服应力bioyield stress电气体力学electro-gas dynamics铁流体力学ferro-hydrodynamics血液流变学hemorheology, blood rheology血液动力学hemodynamics磁流体力学magneto fluid mechanics磁流体动力学magnetohydrodynamics, MHD 磁流体动力波magnetohydrodynamic wave磁流体流magnetohydrodynamic flow磁流体动力稳定性magnetohydrodynamic stability生物力学biomechanics生物流体力学biological fluid mechanics生物固体力学biological solid mechanics宾厄姆塑性流Bingham plastic flow开尔文体Kelvin body沃伊特体V oigt body可贴变形applicable deformation可贴曲面applicable surface边界润滑boundary lubrication液膜润滑fluid film lubrication向心收缩功concentric work离心收缩功eccentric work关节反作用力joint reaction force微循环力学microcyclic mechanics微纤维microfibril渗透性permeability生理横截面积physiological cross-sectionalarea农业生物力学agrobiomechanics纤维度fibrousness硬皮度rustiness胶粘度gumminess粘稠度stickiness嫩度tenderness渗透流osmotic flow易位流translocation flow蒸腾流transpirational flow过滤阻力filtration resistance压扁wafering风雪流snow-driving wind 停滞堆积accretion遇阻堆积encroachment沙漠地面desert floor流沙固定fixation of shifting sand流动阈值fluid threshold通类名词力学mechanics牛顿力学Newtonian mechanics经典力学classical mechanics静力学statics运动学kinematics动力学dynamics动理学kinetics宏观力学macroscopicmechanics,macromechanics细观力学mesomechanics微观力学microscopicmechanics,micromechanics一般力学general mechanics固体力学solid mechanics流体力学fluid mechanics理论力学theoretical mechanics应用力学applied mechanics工程力学engineering mechanics实验力学experimental mechanics计算力学computational mechanics理性力学rational mechanics物理力学physical mechanics地球动力学geodynamics力force作用点point of action作用线line of action力系system of forces力系的简化reduction of force system等效力系equivalent force system刚体rigid body力的可传性transmissibility of force平行四边形定则parallelogram rule力三角形force triangle力多边形forcepolygon零力系null-force system平衡equilibrium力的平衡equilibrium of forces平衡条件equilibrium condition平衡位置equilibrium position平衡态equilibrium state分析力学analytical mechanics拉格朗日乘子Lagrange multiplier拉格朗日[量]Lagrangian拉格朗日括号Lagrange bracket循环坐标cyclic coordinate循环积分cyclic integral哈密顿[量]Hamiltonian哈密顿函数Hamiltonian function正则方程canonical equation正则摄动canonical perturbation正则变换canonical transformation正则变量canonical variable哈密顿原理Hamilton principle作用量积分action integral哈密顿--雅可比方程Hamilton-Jacobi equation作用--角度变量action-angle variables阿佩尔方程Appell equation劳斯方程Routh equation拉格朗日函数Lagrangian function诺特定理Noether theorem泊松括号poisson bracket边界积分法boundary integral method并矢dyad运动稳定性stability of motion轨道稳定性orbital stability李雅普诺夫函数Lyapunov function渐近稳定性asymptotic stability结构稳定性structural stability久期不稳定性secular instability弗洛凯定理Floquet theorem倾覆力矩capsizing moment自由振动free vibration固有振动natural vibration暂态transient state 环境振动ambient vibration反共振anti-resonance衰减attenuation库仑阻尼Coulomb damping同相分量in-phasecomponent非同相分量out-of-phase component超调量overshoot参量[激励]振动parametric vibration模糊振动fuzzy vibration临界转速critical speed of rotation阻尼器damper半峰宽度half-peak width集总参量系统lumped parameter system相平面法phase plane method相轨迹phase trajectory等倾线法isocline method跳跃现象jump phenomenon负阻尼negative damping达芬方程Duffing equation希尔方程Hill equationKBM方法KBM method,Krylov-Bogoliu-bov-Mitropol'skii method马蒂厄方程Mathieu equation平均法averaging method组合音调combination tone解谐detuning耗散函数dissipative function 硬激励hard excitation硬弹簧hard spring, hardening spring 谐波平衡法harmonic balance method久期项secular term自激振动self-excited vibration分界线separatrix亚谐波subharmonic软弹簧soft spring ,softening spring软激励soft excitation邓克利公式Dunkerley formula瑞利定理Rayleigh theorem分布参量系统distributed parameter system优势频率dominant frequency模态分析modal analysis固有模态natural mode of vibration同步synchronization超谐波ultraharmonic范德波尔方程van der pol equation频谱frequency spectrum基频fundamental frequencyWKB方法WKB method, Wentzel-Kramers-Brillouinmethod缓冲器buffer风激振动aeolian vibration嗡鸣buzz倒谱cepstrum颤动chatter蛇行hunting阻抗匹配impedance matching机械导纳mechanical admittance机械效率mechanical efficiency机械阻抗mechanical impedance随机振动stochastic vibration, randomvibration隔振vibration isolation减振vibration reduction应力过冲stress overshoot喘振surge摆振shimmy 起伏运动phugoid motion起伏振荡phugoid oscillation驰振galloping陀螺动力学gyrodynamics陀螺摆gyropendulum陀螺平台gyroplatform陀螺力矩gyroscoopic torque陀螺稳定器gyrostabilizer陀螺体gyrostat惯性导航inertial guidance 姿态角attitude angle方位角azimuthal angle舒勒周期Schuler period机器人动力学robot dynamics多体系统multibody system多刚体系统multi-rigid-body system机动性maneuverability凯恩方法Kane method转子[系统]动力学rotor dynamics转子[一支承一基础]系统rotor-support-foundation system静平衡static balancing动平衡dynamic balancing静不平衡static unbalance动不平衡dynamic unbalance现场平衡field balancing不平衡unbalance不平衡量unbalance互耦力cross force挠性转子flexible rotor分频进动fractional frequency precession半频进动half frequency precession油膜振荡oil whip转子临界转速rotor critical speed自动定心self-alignment亚临界转速subcritical speed涡动whirl。

a-grain 高铝颗粒abbe number or abbe value 阿贝值abbe refractometer 阿贝折射计abbertite 黑沥青ablation 耗损ablative shielding 剥落，散热性屏蔽(太空) abnormal setting 异常凝结abnormal steel 异常钢abradant 摩擦剂Abram's law 亚伯姆定律Abrams method of proportioning 阿不伦氏配合方法abrasion 磨耗abrasion cutting 磨切abrasion resistance 耐磨抗力abrasion test 磨耗实验abrasive 研磨剂，磨料abrasive belt 研磨带abrasive brick 研磨砖abrasive cloth 研磨布，砂布abrasive disc 金刚砂研磨盘abrasive grain 研磨粒abrasive grains 研磨粒abrasive hardness 耐磨硬度abrasive paper 砂纸abrasive paper 磨擦纸abrasive stone 磨石abrasive tool 磨具abrasive wheel 砂轮，磨轮abros 阿伯罗期1-一种抗腐蚀合金88%Ni；10%Cr；2%Mn) absolute temperature 绝对温度absorber1 中子吸收材料2 动能吸收材料(如铅，金属，蜂巢，塑胶泡沫等) absorption 吸着absorption band 吸收带absorption coefficient 吸收系数absorption edge 吸收限absorption limit 吸收限absorption test 吸收率实验absorption-type inhibitor (inhibiter)吸着型(腐蚀)抑制剂Abyssinian gold 阿比西尼亚金88%Cu,11.5%Zn,0.5%Au AC parametric test/AC testAC 参数实验/交流测试AC test 交流测试accelerated aging 加速老化(橡胶)accelerated cement 速凝水泥accelerated gum 速成胶acceleration自旋马达之加速度特性accelerationfactor 加速因数acceleration tube 加速管acceleration voltage 加速电压accelerator 催速剂；加速器acceptablewafer size 适用晶圆尺寸acceptor 受素；受体acceptor impurity 受素不纯物acceptor level1 受素能阶 2 受者能阶accessory mineral 附生矿物accommodation kink 缓和节accumulate/accumulation 累积加算accumulator metal 蓄电合金(90%Pb,9.2%Sn, 0.8%Sb) accuracy 精度accuracy test 精度实验acetone 丙酮acetylene 乙炔acetylenetetrabromide 四溴化乙炔Achesonfurnace 艾其逊炉(制碳化矽用电弧炉)Acheson process 艾其逊法(用电弧炉制碳化矽) acicular cast iron 针状铸体acicular powder 针状粉末acicularstructure 针状组织acid Bessemerconverter 酸性柏思麦转炉acidBessemer process 酸性柏思麦法acidBessemer steel 柏思麦钢acid brick 酸性砖acid brittleness 酸洗脆性acidbronze 耐酸青铜acid dip 酸浸acidearth 酸性土acid electric arc furnace酸性电弧炉acid electric furnace 酸性电炉acid embossing 酸刻acidetching 酸蚀acid flux 酸性溶剂acidfrosting 酸霜法（玻）acid hearth 酸性炉膛(床) acid lining1 酸性衬里 2 酸性炉衬acid open-hearth furnace 酸性平炉acid open-hearth process 酸性平炉法acid pickling 酸洗acid pig iron 酸性生铁acid polishing 酸磨光acidproof alloy 耐酸合金acid proof castiron 耐酸铸铁acid refractories 酸性耐火材料acid refractory material 酸性耐火材料acid resisting cast iron 耐酸铸铁acid resisting enamel 抗酸搪瓷acid resisting steel 耐酸钢acid slag酸性渣acid steel 酸性钢acid-coresolder 酸心软焊条acid-proof brick 耐酸砖acid-proof cement 耐酸水泥acidic component 酸性成分acidicoxide 酸性氧化物acidic rock 酸性岩acidity 酸度acierage 电镀铁(钢)acieration 加碳於铁(钢)包括渗碳表面硬化表面渗覆acoustic fatigue 音波疲劳(亦称sonic fatigue 为由噪音或乱气流所产生之疲劳acoustic mill 音控磨acrolite1 陨石2 爱尔兰合金(12%Cu,2%Mn 之活塞用铝合金) actinolite 阳起石activated absorption 活性吸着activated alumina 活性铝氧activatedatom 活化原子activated carbon 活性碳activated charcoal 活性炭activated species 活性种activation活性化activation analysis 活性分析activation energy 活性化能activationpolarization 活性极化activator 活化剂active carbon 活性碳active clay 活性黏土active damper 有源阻尼器activeload 有能源负载，主动负载activematerial 放射[性]材料active region活性区active-passive metal 活性-钝态金属active-passive transition 活性-钝态转变activity1 活[性]度 2 活[性]量activity coefficient 活性系数activityindex 活性指数actual wafer thickness晶圆实际厚度adapter brick 楔砖（陶）adaptive controller/automaticthickness controller 自适控制器/自动厚度控制器adaptive Z functionZ 轴上承载压自动调整功能adaptor 接头addition agent 添日剂additive 添加剂address multiplex function位址多工功能address scramblefunction 位址打散功能adherence test黏着实验adhesion force 附着力adhesion promoter coat/vapor primer黏着力促进膜涂敷/汽相底层adhesionstrength 附着强度adhesives 黏合剂adiabatic change 绝热变化adiabaticcompression 绝热压缩adiabaticcurve 绝热曲线adiabatic deformation绝热变形adiabatic demagnetization绝热去磁adiabatic elasticity 绝热弹性adiabatic equation 绝热方程式adiabatic expansion 绝热膨胀adiabatic gradient 绝热梯度adiabaticinvariance 绝热不变性adiabaticinvariant 绝热不变量adiabaticpotential 绝热电位adiabatic principle绝热原理adiabatic process 绝热过程adiabatic system 绝热系统adjustabledie 可调模具adjustable gauge 可调量规adjustable mandrel 可调心轴admiralty brass 海将炮铜admiraltymetal 海将金属admixture 搀和物Adnic alloy 艾德立克合金(冷凝器管用之铜镍合金，70%Cu,29%Ni,1%Sn) adobe admixture 土砖；晒乾砖adsorbed film 吸附膜adsorbed layer 吸附层adsorption 吸附[作用] adsorption energy 吸附能adularia 冰长石advance 艾德凡司(含40%-44%Ni 之铜合金热电偶用) advanced global alignment进步型全晶圆调准AEC, Atomic Energy commission原子能委员会aegirite 纯钠辉石aerated concrete 充气混凝土aeration 充气法aeration 充气（水泥）aeration cell 充气电池aerator 松砂机aerobic bacteria 嗜氧细菌aeroclay 风簸黏土aerograph 喷雾器aerolite1 陨石2 爱罗耐合金(12%Cu, 2%Mn 其余为Al 制活塞用) aerospace corrosion 太空腐蚀aerospace material 太空材料aerugo 铜绿after blow1 後期吹炼 2 後期吹风after contraction 再热收缩after cure/post cure 二次熟化/二次硬化after glow Microwave plasma enhanced CVD system 隔离行微波等离子体增强型CVD 系统after-corrosion 後端腐蚀after-treatment 後处理agalmatolite 寿山石agalmatolite brick 蜡石砖agate 玛瑙age 材龄age hardening 时效硬化agglomerated structure 聚结组织agglomerating 黏聚（从化工）agglomeration1 凝聚2聚结aggregate 骨材；聚集体aggregate-cement ratio 骨材水泥比aging 时效aging crack 时效裂纹(痕)aging range 时效温度范围aging test时效实验agitation 搅拌agitator 搅拌器agricultural steel 农具钢(0.25%-0.5%C) aguite 普通辉石airanalysis 风析air analyzer 风析器airautomatic welding 气体自动[电弧]焊接air belt1 风带2 风箱air bending 空中弯折air blast 鼓风air blastquenching 强风淬火air blasting 鼓风air box 风箱air breakdown 空气绝缘破坏air brick 通风砖air burner 喷灯air carbon-arc cutting 空气炭弧切割air chamber 气室air channel 开路airchuck 气动夹头air classification 空气分级air compressor 空气压缩机aircontent test 空气含量实验aircooling[ 空]气冷[却] air craft qualitysteel 航空级用钢air deposited clay 风积黏土air dried strength 风乾强度airdriven hammer 气动鎚air dry 兆乾air dry fiber 风乾纤维air dust 导气管air entraining admixture 输气搀加物air entraining agent 输气剂airentraining cement 拌沬水泥airentraining Portland cement 输气波特兰水泥air entrainment 输气airfloated powder 风簸粉air flue 空气道air furnace 空气炉air gap 空气隙airgas furnace 煤气炉air gauge(quauanatic micrometer)空气量规airgun 气枪air hammer 空气鎚airhardening 风硬air hardening steel风硬钢air hole 气孔air leakage test漏气实验air lift 气升air melting 大开熔解air meter 气量计air nozzle 空气喷嘴air patenting 空气勒化airpermeability 透气性air port 通气口air pressure 气压air pressure type 气压式air quenching cooler 风激泠却机（泥）air rammer 气动撞鎚air seal 气封air seal type clean draft chamber密封式洁净通风室air seasoning 辈乾法air separator 风析机air set process风硬[造模]法air setting[ 常温]空气自硬法air shrinkage 风乾收缩air sieve风析air slaked lime 风化石灰air slideconveyor 滑运机air tension 空气张力air toughening 空气勒化[法] airuptake 空气喉道air vent 透气孔airweight control 风量控制air-acetylene空气-乙炔air-annealing 空气退火air-borne sealing 吸粉封补air-entrained concrete 伴沫混凝土air-lift gravity drop hammer 气提自落鎚air-setting refractory mortar 风凝耐火泥air-slaked lime 风化石灰airless blast cleaner 离心喷砂机airless blast cleaning 离心喷光法airless spraying 压力喷涂AISIA(American Iron & Steel Institute)美国钢铁协会Aitch metal 爱蒂金属(含60%Cu,40%Zn,1-2þ, 有良好铸造性与强度) Ajax alloy 亚杰斯合金(－系一轴承，铸造用合金) Ajax-Northrup furnace亚杰诺斯电炉Ajax-Scomet inductionfurnace 亚杰斯可美感应电炉Ajax-Wyatt furnace 亚杰卫特电炉Akrit 亚克里特(切割工具尖端硬材料含38%Co,30%Cr,16%W,10%Ni,4þ,2%C) al-fin process 铝翅法(以铝镀覆钢面之热浸法) alabaster 雪花石膏，纯白生石膏alabaster glass 雪花玻璃alabasterware 雪花[骨灰] 瓷Alader 亚兰德合金(法国用名=Alpax alloys) Alar alloys 亚拉合金(一系列铝矽铸造合金，4.5-6%Si或10-13%Si，其余为铝，有时少许Cu 和Zn) albany glaze 阿邦尼釉albata 洋银，德[国]银，铜镍合金Albatra alloy 亚伯他合金(家庭器血用，今60%Cu,20%Zn, 有时加1-2%Pb) albertifurnace 阿伯蒂炉Albion metal 亚宾夹片金属(镀锡铝箔，作装饰品及玩具用)albite 钠长石albumen albumin 蛋白质(水溶性) ALCAN 加拿大铝业公司alchemy 链丹术alclad 铝夹板Alcoa美国铝业公司alcogel 醇凝胶alcomax亚可墨磁体合金(一系列硬脆永久磁性材料，含10%Al,15%Ni,20-25%Co, 其余为Fe, 另加少许F alcove 流槽Alcumite亚克美拟金合金(金色铝青铜，8%Al,0-2þ,1%Ni, 其余为铜) Alcunic亚克力合金(铝铜合金，16-27%Zn,2%Al,1%Ni, 其余为铜及1%以下Sn) aldip process 浸铝法(铝的热浸法) Aldural 亚杜拉铝夹板(杜拉铝两面包以商业用97.7%纯铝) aldurbra 亚杜保(一种铝黄铜，含2%Al,22%Zn, 其余为铜) alfenide 亚分镍黄铜(含(60%Cu,29%Zn,10%Ni,1þ) Alfenol 亚分铝铁合金(含14-18%Al, 其余为Fe, 具高导磁率，低磁滞，优良耐氧化性) alfer 亚福铝铁合金(含12%Al, 其余为Fe) alger metal 亚尔加合金(白色铸造合金，为廉价珠宝用，含90%Sn,10%Sb 与argentine metal 相若) algorithm controller 演算法控制器algorithmic pattern generator 演算法图案产生器aligner for large liquid crystal display substrate 大型液晶显示基板对准曝光器alignment 定向alignment accuracy 位置对准精确度alignment mark 对准标记alignment offset 对准偏移alignment scope 对准用双眼显微镜alignment stage 调准夹片台alite 矽酸三钙alitieren 渗铝法(铝粉渗透法) alkali 硷alkali (high) cement 高硷水泥alkali cleaning 硷洗alkali embrittlement 硷脆性alkali metals 硷金属alkali-aggregate expansion inhibitor 硷性-骨材膨胀抑制剂alkali-aggregate reaction 硷性骨材反应alkaline cleaning 硷洗alkaline earth metal 硷土金属alkaline glaze 硷性釉alkalinity 硷度alkalinity （PH4.8）含硷量（PH4.8）all-base furnace 全硷性炉all-mine pig-iron 原矿生铁allan metal 亚兰合金(一种轴承合金50%Cu,50%Pb, 有时加至5%Sn) alligator effect 鳄皮状效应(晶体之塑性变形而产生表面粗糙之金属片) alligator shears 鳄口形剪alligator skin 鳄皮状表面allomeric 同晶异晶allomorphous 同质异晶allophane 铝英石（从矿）allotriomorphic crystal 不整形晶体allotrope 同素异形体allotropic transformation 同素变态allotropy 同素异形allowable stress许用应力allowance 裕度allowancefor shrinkage 收缩裕度allowed band容许带alloxite (alundum)刚铝石alloy合金alloy carbide 合金碳化物alloycast iron 合金铸铁alloy element 合金元素alloy pig iron 合金生铁Alloyplating 合金电镀alloy powder 铝金粉末alloy steel 合金钢alloy steelcasting 合金钢铸件alloy strip 合金钢带alloy tool steel 合金工具钢alluvialclay 冲积黏土alluvial deposits 慢水流沉积物almandine 铁铝（石）榴子石alnico 亚力可(铝镍钴磁铁) alnico alloy亚力可合金aloxite (同alundum)刚铝石alpax alloy 亚伯斯合金(铝矽合金) alphabrassα- 黄铜alpha bronzeα- 青铜alpha-beta titanium alloyα-β 钛合金alpha-ironα- 铁alpha-par ticleα- 粒子alplate process 覆铝法alsifer 铝矽铁(一种40þ,40%Si,20%Al 之合金)alteration 交变（从物）alternate firing交互烧制alternate wet and dry test 交替乾湿实验alternating bend test 反覆弯曲实验alternating stress 交替应力aludip 铝浸钢片(以热浸法镀铝之钢片)alum 明矾alumel 亚铝美(热电偶用98%Ni, 2%Al) alumel-chromelthermocouple 亚铝美-克铬美热电偶alumilite cement 高铝水泥alumiliteprocess 铝阳极氧化法alumina 铝氧，氧化铝alumina brick 氧化铝砖，铝氧砖alumina cement 矾土水泥aluminaporcelain 高铝瓷alumina whiteware高铝白瓷器alumina-silica refractory矽铝耐火物aluminizing (calorizing)渗铝法alumino thermic process 铝热法alumino-nickle 铝镍合金alumino-silicate 铝矽砖aluminouscement 高铝水泥aluminum(aluminium)铝aluminum alloy 铝合金aluminum alloy casting 铝合金铸件aluminum brass 铝黄铜aluminumbronze 铝青铜aluminum cast iron 铝铸铁aluminum deoxidation 加铝脱氧aluminum foil 铝箔aluminum ink 铝墨汁aluminum ion 铝离子aluminumoxide tool 氧化铝刀具aluminumremoval 除铝剂aluminum soap 铝皂aluminum solder 铝焊料aluminumsoldering 铝软焊aluminum-tinbearings 铝锡轴承(一种轻轴承金属10%Sn,0.5%P,0.25%Pb, 其余为铝)alumna 亚铝锰(含15%Mn 之铝合金有良好防锈及深冲性) alundum 刚铝石alundum (同aloxite)刚铝石alunite 明矾石alzak process 亚砂克法(用於铝合金反射器及装饰品之一种专利电解研磨法)amalgam 汞齐amalgamate 汞齐化amalgamation 汞齐法amber 琥珀amber blanket 琥珀色胶泡amberglass 琥珀色玻璃amblygonite 鏻铝石ambrac AA 式安培克合金(一种铜镍锌合金) ambraloy 安培乐合金(一种铝青铜)ambrose alloys 安布洛白铜(含65-75%Cu,20-30%Ni,5%Zn,0.5%Mn 类似於nickel-silver) AmericanConcrete Institute (A.C.I)美国混凝土学会American gold 美国金币合金(90%Au,10%Cu) American Societyfor Testing Materials (A.S.T.M)美国材料实验学会amethyst 紫水晶ammonia carburizing 氨渗碳ammonia leaching1 氨水浸滤 2 氨水浸洗amorphous 非晶[形]的amorphous cement hypothesis 非晶质填充说amorphous graphite 非晶质石墨amorphous material1 非晶态材料2 非晶质材料amorphous state 非晶质状态amorphous theory 非晶质学说amount of finish 加工量amount ofoxygen precipitation 析出氧气量ampco metal 安柯金属amphotericelement 两性元素amphotericrefractory (neutral refractory)中性耐火材料ampoule 安亨(密封管)ampoule tube 密闭瓶管AMS(Aerospace Material Specification)[美国]太空材料规格AMU (Atomic MassUnit)原子质量单位anaerobic bacteria厌氧细菌analog test system 类比测试系统analog-digital mixed modesimulator 类比/数位混合型模拟器analyzer1 分析仪2 析光镜analyzingchamber 分析管〈腔〉analyzingmagnet 分析磁铁anatase 锐钛矿(TiO2) anatomical alloys 骨外科合金(钴，银，vitallium) anchor post 撑柱andalusite 红柱石andesine 中性长石(从矿) andesite 安山石(从矿) andrades law of transient creep 安瑞德过渡潜变定律andradite 钙铁石榴石anelastic creep 滞弹性潜变anelastic strain 滞弹性应变anelasticity 滞弹性angle 角形料angle bar 角铁angle of aperture 孔衡角(显微镜) angle of bite 咬角(轧辊) angle of nip 挟角angle steel 角钢angle, dihedral 二面角angle-resolved Auger electron spectroscopy 角度分解奥格电子光谱学anglesite 铅矾anhedralization 常界anhedrall 失界面anhydrite 无水石膏anion 阴离子anisothermal diagram 非恒温变态图anisothermal transformation 非恒温变态anisotropic etching 各向异性蚀刻，非等向性蚀刻anisotropic substance 异向性物质anisotropy 界向性anka 安克不锈钢(一种18-8不锈钢) anneal 退火处理anneal, annealing 退火annealed condition 退火状态annealed material 退火材料annealed structure 退火组织annealing 徐冷(玻) annealing box 退火箱annealing chamber 退火处理室annealing embrittlement 退火脆性annealing furnace 退火炉annealing point 退火点；钝化点；annealing pot 退火罐annealing temperature 退火温度annealing texture 退火织构annealing twin 退火双晶annealing uniformity 退火处理之均质性annealing-point temperature 韕化点温度annular kiln 环窑anode 阳极anode copper 阳极铜anode corrosionefficiency 阳极腐蚀效率anodecoupling 阳极耦合anode dissolution阳极分解anode effect 阳极效应anodeefficiency 阳极效率anode material 阳极材料anode mud (同anode slime)阳极泥anode pickling 阳极浸渍(法)anode slime 阳极泥(同anode mud)anodic coating 阳极护膜anodiccontrol 阳极控制anodic oxidation 阳极氧化anodic protection 阳极防蚀anodic reaction 阳极反应anodizing1阳极处理 2 阳极氧化anodizingtreatment 阳极处理anolyte 阳极电解液anorthite 钙斜长石anorthoclase钠微斜长石(从矿) antenna ratio 天线比anthracite 无烟煤anti reflectioncoating 防反射涂膜anti-carburizer 渗炭防止剂anti-corrosion 耐蚀anti-corrosion alloy 耐蚀合金anti-corrosion paint 防锈漆anti-ferromagnetism 反磁铁性anti-fouling compound 防?附化合物(船底油漆用) anti-friction metal 耐磨金属anti-oxidant 抗氧化剂anti-oxidation抗氧化anti-oxidation additives 抗氧化添加剂anti-piping compound 冒口保温剂anti-rusting grease 防锈脂anti-static tile 反静电砖anti-sweatinsulation 防湿绝缘anticorodalaluminum 耐蚀铝(一系族可热处理耐腐蚀的铝合金) antiferroelectric 反强电介体的antiferromagnetism 反铁磁性(从物) antimonial lead 含锑铅antimonyyellow 锑黄antimony (SB,51)锑antiphase domain 逆相区antiqueglass 仿古玻璃anvil 砧anylyzingmagnet 分析磁铁apatite 磷灰石API(American Petroleum Institute)美国石油学会aplite 半花冈岩apparentdensity 视密度apparent hardness 视硬度apparent modulus 视模数apparent porosity 视孔率apparentsolid density 视固体密度apparentsolid volume 视固体体积apparentspecific gravity 视比重applicationbox 操做箱application specific IC（ASIC）特殊应用IC applicationspecific standard produce 特殊应用规范产品aqua regia 王水aquadag 胶体石墨aragonite 文石，霰石aragonite文石arbor 心轴arborescent powder树枝状粉未arc brick 拱砖arcchamber 电弧室，电弧腔arc cutting 电弧切割arc furmace 电弧炉arcfurnace 电弧炉arc lamp annealer 弧光灯退火处理机arc melting, vacuum真空电弧泰炼arc spraying 电弧喷敷法arc welding 电弧焊接arch brick 拱砖arch-frame press 拱架压机architectural bronze 建筑青铜archless continuous kiln 无拱连续窑archless kiln 无拱窑area defect test面积缺陷实验arenaceous limestone矽质灰石argent Francais 亚琴法兰西合金(含(35-60%Cu,20-40%Ag,3-30%Ni)argentine metal 阿根近金属(含85%Sn,15%Sb 为廉价首饰用白色铸造合金与alger metal 相若) argillaceouslimestone 黏土质灰石argillaceousmaterials 黏土质材料argon arcwelding 氩气，电弧焊接argon purifier氩纯化器argon (Ar,18)氩argonautwelding 氩伴自动[电弧]焊接armcoiron 亚姆克铁(工业用纯铁) armor plate装甲板Armouring 装甲arrest point停留点arrhenius equation 阿瑞尼氏方程式Arrhenius graph/Arrhenius plot阿列尼厄图表arris 锋口arsenic(As,22)砷arsenical copper 含砷铜art marbles 艺术大理石artic bronze北极青铜(硬模铸造含铅青铜) artificialabrasive 人造磨消料artificialage-hardening 人工时效硬化artificialaging 人工时效artificial graphite 人造石墨artificial graphite 人造石墨artificial magnet 人造磁体artificialmeteor 人造流星artificial nuclear 人造核artificial puzzolana cement 人造火山灰水泥artwork 工艺图as cast[condition] 铸造状态as ingot[condition] 铸锭状态as quenched[condition] 淬火状态as received[condition] 原有状挚as rolled[condition] 巴制状态as-cut wafer 原切割晶圆ASARCO shaft furnace 亚萨柯直井炉asbestine 石棉质asbestos石棉asbestos pulp 石棉浆asbolite 钴土(从矿) ascending kiln 阶级窑；目字窑ash 灰ASIC micro computer 微电脑aspect ratio 纵横尺寸比asperity 平坦表面之突点asphalt1 沥青2柏油asphalt block 柏油砖，沥青砖asphalt cement 沥青胶泥asphalt coal 沥青煤asphalt cutback 涂料沥青asphalt felt 油毛毡asphalt flux 沥青溶剂asphalt paper 沥青纸asphaltene 沥青质asphaltic base 沥青基asphaltic fitumen 沥青系asphaltization 沥青化asphaltum 沥青，柏油(同asphalt)试金assayijng 试金astatine? (At,85) asterism 星芒(模糊星状绕射点) aston process 艾士通[熟铁制造]法asynchronous design 非同步设计AT speed test 时间延迟测试athermal transformation 非热变态atlas alloy 亚特拉斯合金(一种含9%Al,1þ的铝青铜) Atmosphere 蒙气Atmosphere corrosion 大气腐蚀atmosphere pressure method 大气压法atmospheric pressure CVD system 大气压CVD 系统atmospheric pressure vapor phase epitaxial growth system 大气压汽相磊晶生长系统atmospheric presure vapor phase epitaxial growth system 大气压汽相磊晶生长系统atmospheric thermal oxidation furnace 大气压热氧化炉Atom 原子Atom size1 原子粒度2原子大小Atomalloy treatment 超硬渗透处理Atomic chain reaction 原子连销反应Atomic coordinate 原子配位Atomic disintegration 原子蜕变Atomic energy 原子能atomic force microscope 原子间力显微镜Atomicform factor 原子构型因素Atomic heat原子热atomic layer epitaxial growthsystem 原子层磊晶生长系统Atomicmass 原子质量Atomic number 原子序Atomization 雾化Atomized metalpowder 雾化金属粉Atomizing 雾化ATR alloyA.T.R 合金(含0.5%Cu,0.5%Mo之Zr合金用於以CO2冷?之反应物) Attack 侵蚀Attractionforce 吸引力Attrition 擦耗attritionmill 磨粉机audio signalmeasurement 声频信号测试Audiolloy音响用合金(一种导磁性极高之铁镍合金)auger 螺钻Auger electronappearance spectroscopy 奥格电子出现电位光谱学Auger electronspectrometer 奥谐电子分光仪Augerelectron spectroscopy 奥格电子光谱学Ausaging 沃斯时效Ausforming 沃斯成形法Austempering 沃斯回火Austenite1 沃斯田铁2沃斯田体Austenite grain size 沃斯田体晶粒大小Austenitic alloy steel 沃斯田合金钢Austenitic cast iron 沃斯田铸铁Austenitic chrome nickel steel 沃斯田镍铬钢Austenitic manganese steel 沃斯田锰钢Austenitic stainless steel 沃斯田不锈钢Austenitic structure 沃斯田铁组织Austenitizing (austenitising)沃斯田铁化Austenitizing temperature沃斯田铁化温度Australian gold 澳大利亚金(8.33%Ag,其余为Au) Autofrettage 自紧法auto placement androuting 自动配置与配线Autoclave1 热压釜2 均压釜3蒸煮釜Autoclave test热压膨胀实验Autoclaved light weightconcrete 热压养护轻质混凝土autocombustion system 自动燃烧系统Autogenous welding 自熔熔接autohandler 自动程序处理机autolysis自消化Automatic batching equipment自动配料设备automatic calibrationfunction 自动校正功能automaticchemical diluting and mixingequipment 药品自动稀释混合设备Automatic control system 自动控制系统automatic damper/exhaust forcoater 自动风门/涂料器排气automaticdiameter control system 自动直径控制器automatic exhaust air mechanism自动排热机构automatic fireextinguisher 自动灭火机automaticflatness controller 自动平面度控制器Automatic gauge controlAGC 自动仪表控制automatic melt level controlsystem 自动融液面控制器automaticpressure contol 自动压力控制automatic probe to pad alignmentfunction 自动探针对准衬垫功能automatic single wafer polishingmachine 自动单晶圆抛光机automaticsizing device 自动定尺寸装置automatic temperature controller 自动温度控制器automatic testequipment 自动测试装置automatictest pattern generation 自动产生测试图案automatic test programgenerator 自动测试程式产生器automatically cutter set 自动切割机设定automatically set-up 自动调定Autoradiography1 辐射热自记法；2放射线自记法Auxiliary anode 辅助阳极availability 利用度，利用率availablelime 有效石灰aventurine glaze 金星釉Avialfe 艾维夫铜(一种铝青铜)Avogadro's number 亚佛加德罗[常]数axial ratio 轴率axinite 斧石Azurite蓝铜矿(2CuCoo3、Cu(OH02)B-H curveB-H 曲线(同磁滞曲线) B.N.F.jet testB.N.F 喷射实验(测量电镀层厚度)babbitt metal１巴比合金２巴氏合金back and design 後端设计backannotation 背面注解back rack 背後接线架back roll 背压轧辊back sand 背砂back side damage 背侧损伤backside reference method 背侧基准法back spattering 反电泼(离子蚀刻) backstamp 背款back surface luster 背面光泽度back-reflection focusing came背面反射聚焦照像机back-reflectionpinhole camera 背面反射针孔照像机back-reflection x-ray exami 背面反射X 光检验backing 背里backing pad衬垫backing plate 支撑板backlash齿隙backside rinse 背面冲洗backspill 逆溢料backstop tongs 後挡钳backstreaming 回流backwall 後墙backward extrusion 逆向挤制backward spinning 逆向旋弯成型backward welding 後退熔接bacterialcorrosion 细菌腐蚀bacterialoxidation 细菌氧化baddeleyite 二氧化锆矿badging 落款；标记baffle 挡板baffle mark 挡板痕Bag filter 袋滤器bag wall 盾墙bagging cement 袋装水泥bahnmetal 道金属(含0.7%Ca,0/6%Na,0.2%Al 0.05%Si, Li 或Ni 之铅基轴承合金) bainite chin 弯勒铁颚baked permeability 烘乾透气性baked strength 烘乾强度bakelite 电木baking core 烘乾砂心baking furnace 烘焙炉baking temperature uniformity 烘烤温度均质性baking unit oven 烘烤炉balance 天平；秤；均衡balanced blast cupola 均衡鼓风化铁炉balanced steel 平衡钢(一种半静钢) Balbach electrolytic process 巴巴赫电解法Balbach-Thum cell 巴森电解槽ball bearing 滚珠轴承ball bearing stee 滚珠轴承钢ball bonding 球形接合，球形压接ball clay 球[状][黏]土ball grid array 球状栅极阵列封装体ball mill １粉机２球磨机ball shape 球形，球状ball shear strength 球部抗切强度ball shear tester 球状压接端切变强度测试机ball size 球头尺寸，球形大小ballast 道碴balling 球状化bamboo leaves pattern 竹叶状(铁水)花纹band blade 条带刀片band saw 带锯band steel 钢带band theory 能带论band-run gravel 河岸砾石banded structure 带状组织banding 描边；边圈bank controller 触排控制器bank kiln 坡窑bank sand 河砂Banka tin 彭克锡(印尼彭克岛生产纯度99.7%之锡) banks 斜床bannering 修边Banox process 斑诺克斯法(以磷酸处理钢线，使拉制时产生润滑作用) bar１棒２杆３条bar drawing 条杆拉制bar iron 铁条bar mill 棒料轧机bar solder 软焊条Barba's law 巴巴定律bare electrode 裸熔接条baremetal 裸金属barffing 发黑处理(形成黑色磁铁层之蒸汽处理) barite 重晶石barium (Ba, 56)钡barium ferrite 钡铁氧磁体barium titanate 钛酸钡BarkHausen effect 巴好生效应(磁化) BarkHausen jumps 巴好生跳跃(磁化时之一种现象) barn (1 barn=10-24 cm2)邦(原子核截面积单位) Barr-Bardgettcreep test 巴尔-巴德格潜变实验barrelasher 圆筒型灰化机barrel finishing 打磨barrel type plasma etching system圆筒型等离子体蚀刻系统barreling 装桶Barret effect 巴瑞德效应(材料磁化体积膨胀现象) barrier 障壁Barronia 巴隆尼尔(防锈黄铜，用於冷凝管,82-85%Cu,4%Sn, 1%Fe, 其余为Zn) basal plane基面basalt 玄武岩basalt ware 玄武陶base bullion 含银粗铅base coat 底涂base exchange 硷交换base line 基线base metal１卑金属２母材basemetal thermocouple 卑金属热电偶base permeability 原砂透气性base-centered monoclinic 底心单斜Base-centered orthor hombic 底心斜方basic Bessemer converter 硷性柏思麦转炉basic Bessemer process 硷性柏思麦法basic Bessemer steel 硷性柏思麦钢basic brick 硷性砖basicelectric arc furnace 硷性电弧炉basicelectric furnace 硷性电炉basic lining１硷性衬里２硷性炉衬basic material硷性材料basic open hearth furnace硷性平炉basic open-hearth furnace硷性平炉basic oxygen converter 硷性氧气转炉basic oxygen process 硷性氧气炼钢法basic pig iron 硷性生铁basicrefractory 硷性耐火材料basic slag 硷性渣basic steel 硷性钢basic watercontent 基本含水量basicity 硷度basin 槽，池，盆basis metal 心材(包层产品之中心金属) basket ware 蓝纹陶bat 垫饼；泥饼；半截砖batch 批[料]batch meter 批量计batch processing分批处理batch wafer retrieval 晶圆片回批取出batch weights 批重batch[type] furnace 批式炉batch-to-batchdose uniformity 批次间之注入均质性batch-type annealing furnace 批式退火炉batch-type mixer 批拌机batch-type mixer 分批混合机batching equipment 配料设备batching plant 配料工厂bath 浴bathmetal 脆铜(廉价装饰用具，其成份为55%Cu, 其余为Zn) bath stabilizer 镀浴安定剂bath to bath transport time槽间输送时间bath with filter forcirculation solution 循环过滤洗条槽battering tool 鎚击工具batteriumalloy 含镍铝青铜(9%Al, 1%Ni, 其余为Cu) batting out machine 平椪机Baume hydrometer 波美比重计Baume's scale 波美度(比重单位)bauschinger effect 鲍辛格效应bauxite 水矾土，铝矾土bauxite brick矾土砖bauxite cement 铝矾土水泥Bayer process 拜耳法bead１熔珠；焊珠２珠bead weld 联珠泰接beadedrolls 起脊辊子beading 起脊beadingenamel 逸缘釉beam 梁beamcurrent 波束电流beam diameter 光束直径beam energy 波束能量beamfilter 波束滤波器beam focusingsystem 波束聚焦系统beam positioner光束定位器beam positioning accuracy光束定位精确度beam stability 波束安定性beam, HH 型梁beam, II 型梁beam, wide-flange 宽缘梁bearingbronze 轴承青铜bearing corrosion 轴承腐蚀bearing metals 轴承金属Beckaluminium recovery process 贝克铝品收法bed 床面bed cok 底焦bedding垫底bedding system 层集系统bedding, stratification 层理beehivecoke 蜂巢炉焦炭beehive oven 蜂房炼焦炉behavioral description language性能记述语言behavioral schematiceditor 性能简图编辑器behavioralsimulator 性能模拟器behavioralsynthesis/behavioral synthesizer 性能合成/性能合成器beidellite 贝德石(从矿) Beilby layer 比耳拜层(金属研磨样品表面形成之30-50%A 厚之非晶体层)belite 矽酸二钙bell and hoppe 钟斗形盖\(鼓风炉) bell bronze 钟青铜，响铜bell damper 钟形风门bell metal 钟用合金bell-type furnace 钟式炉belljar钟罩型反应器bellows pump 风箱泵belly 炉腹belt conveyor 带运机belt drop hammer 皮带落鎚belt grinding[ 连续]带研磨belt hammer 皮带鎚belt kiln 带式窑beltless transfer system 无带式输送系统bench mold 台制砂模bench molde 台制砂模工bend test 弯曲实验bendability 弯曲性bender１弯曲机２弯曲模bender, free-flow 开放式弯曲模bender, trapped-stock 关闭式弯曲模bending 弯曲bending roll 卷板机bending, air 空中弯曲bending, compression 压缩弯曲bending, roll 辊筒弯曲bending, stretch 拉伸弯曲benedict metal 班耐迪克金属(10%Ni, 20%Zn, 10%Pb, 2%Sn，其余为铜) benefaction 初选(矿) beneficiation 提选Bengough-Stuart process 班哥-可徙尔法(轻金属在3%铬酸中之阳极处理法) bentonite１膨土２土般土３火山黏土Berkelium (Bk, 97)(金北) berlin porcelain 柏林瓷Bernoulli chuck 伯努利吸盘Berrelius process 柏里法beryl 绿宝石beryllia 敛气(气化铍) berylliosis 铍毒效应beryllium (Be, 4)铍beryllium bronze 铍青铜beryllium-copper alloy 铍铜合金Bessemer cast steel 柏思麦铸钢Bessemer converter 柏思麦转炉Bessemer iron 柏思麦生铁Bessemer ore 柏思麦铁矿Bessemer pig iron 柏思麦生铁Bessemer process 柏思麦法Bessemer steel 柏思麦钢best fit plan reference 最妥适平面基准best fitplane reference 最妥适平面基准betaparticleβ 粒子beta structureβ 组织beta treatmentβ 处理beta (β) brassβ黄铜beta (β) graphiteβ 石墨beta (β)ironβ 铁Betts electrolytic leadprocess 柏兹电解铅法Bettselectrolytic process 柏兹电解法bevel斜角；截成斜角bevel brick 斜砖bevelcut 斜角切割bias 偏压biassputtering system 偏压溅镀系统biaxial stress 双轴应力biaxiality 双轴应力比billet 小[纲]坯billet mill 小坯轧机bimetallic corrosion 双金属腐蚀bimetals 双金属bin 测试结果之分门类别bin-dicator 料面指示器binary alloy二元合金binary decision diagram 双择判定图binary scale patternrecognition 二值标度图案识别binaryscan 二进扫描binary search 二次搜索binary system 二元系binder 黏结剂binding material 结合剂binding,draw 拉延弯曲biological corrosion 生物腐蚀biotite 黑云母biquartz 双石英片birefringent 双折射Birmabright柏玛勃莱合金(含1-7%Mg 之一组铝合金)Birmetal 柏尔合金(含0-4.5%Cu,5-6%Zn, 0.5-3%Mg, 0.3%Cr 之铝合金) Birmingham platinum (或platima)伯明罕白金(20-45%Cu, 其余为Zn)biscuit 素烧坯biscuit firing 素烧biscuit ware 无釉器；素烧呣Bismanol铋化锰(一种磁性材料) bismuth (Bi, 83)铋bismuth luster 铋光料bismuthtelluride 石帝化铋(一种热电材料)bisque 素烧坯bit defect test 点缺陷实验bitstone 碎矽石Bitter pattern 毕德氏磁区图bituminous cement 沥青胶泥bituminous coal 烟煤bituminouscoating 沥青涂面black annealing 黑色退火black ash 黑灰black body 黑体black edging 黑边black heartmalleable cast ir 黑心可锻铸铁，黑心展性铸铁black iron plate 黑铁板blacklead 石墨black lignite 黑褐煤blackoxide finish 黑色氧化处理black sand旧砂black sheet iron 黑铁皮blackskin 黑皮，毛坯面black speck 黑斑black wash 砂模黑浆blacking 碳质材料(如石墨等) blacking holes 黑洞(铸疵)blade 刀片blade breakage detectiondevice 刀片破损检测装置bladedeflection 刀片偏差blade deflectionsensor 刀片挠曲敢测器bladeexposure 刀刃曝露量blade heightcalibration 刀片高度校准bladeretension 刀片再加张力blade tension刀片张力blade tensioning frame 刀片张力框架blade wear compensation 刀片摩损补偿blaes 布拉土岩(从矿) blank坯料blank carburizing 空白渗碳blankholder１压料板２坯料夹blanknitriding 空白氮化blanket feed 毡式加料blanking 切坯blast 鼓风blastcleaning 喷砂处理blast furnace 鼓风炉，高炉blast furnace coke 鼓风炉焦碳，高炉焦碳blast furnace refractory高炉(鼓风炉)用耐火材料blast furnaceslag 鼓风炉渣blast furnace slagcement 鼓风炉渣水泥，高炉水泥blastmain 送风主管blast pipe 送风管blastpressure 鼓风压力blast regulator 风量调节器blast roasting 鼓风焙烧blastvolume meter 风量计blasting 喷击净面法bleaching 漂白bleaching clay漂白黏土bleb 气泡bleeding 渗出bleeding of concrete 混凝土渗水(泌水)blended sand 调合砂blending 搀合；拌合bleu persan 波斯蓝底白花彩blindcore 暗砂心blind feeder 暗补给口blind hole 盲孔blind riser 暗冒口blinding 堵塞blister１气泡２起泡blister copper 泡铜(粗铜) blister steel泡面钢bloating 胀大block 砖[块]block cut 方块切割block diagram 区块图；方块图block handle 实心柄block rake 刮痕blocker 成坯型(锻)blocker-type forging 坯锻blocking 锻坯blocking impression 成坯型blood钢面红锈bloom[ 金属]块料bloomer块料炉blooming mill 块料轧机blooming test 图像浮散实验blotch 残迹；輚痕blotter press 压滤机blow andblow process 重吹[法] blow hole 气孔blow mould 吹模blower 鼓风机blowing１喷出溶体(钢锭题耳结壳後喷出之溶体)２送风blowing iron 吹管blown casting 含气泡铸件blownmetal 吹津金属(转炉中杂质已氧化除去之金属) blue annealing 显蓝退火(温度较blueing 高) blue brick 青砖bluebrittleness 青脆性，蓝脆性blue。

以下是《材料力学》课中专业词汇，共141个，对机械、力学专业本科生绝对有用！mechanics of materials 材料力学axial force 轴向力bar 杆（只受轴向力）torsion 扭转shaft 轴（只受扭转）bending 弯曲beam 梁（只受弯曲）compression; compressive 压缩column 柱（只受压缩）stress 应力strain 应变displacement 位移deformation 变形strength 强度stiffness 刚度stability 稳定性tension; tensile 拉伸shear 剪切prismatic bar 等截面直杆cross section 截面uniformly distributed load; uniform load 均布载荷normal stress 正应力sign convention 符号规定stress distribution 应力分布stress concentration 应力集中dimensionless quantity 无量纲量homogeneous 匀质的uniaxial stress and strain 单轴应力和应变mechanical behavior (材料的)力学行为specimen 试件elongation 伸长量extensometer 引伸计gage length 标准长度nominal stress 名义应力true stress 真实应力proportional limit 比例极限elastic modulus; modulus of elasticity 弹性模量 (pl. moduli)yielding 屈服plastic 塑性strain hardening 强化necking 颈缩ultimate strength 强度极限ductile 韧性percent elongation 延伸率percent reduction in area 断面收缩率brittle 脆性elastic limit 弹性极限plasticity 塑性plastic flow 塑性流动creep 蠕变relaxation 松弛Hooke’s Law 胡克定律Poisson’s ratio 泊松比lateral strain 横向应变pure shear 纯剪切shear stress 切应力bearing 挤压shear modulus of elasticity 切变模量factor of safety 安全系数allowable stress 许用应力axial rigidity 抗拉刚度(EA)statically indeterminate 静不定equation of equilibrium 平衡方程equation of compatibility 变形协调方程constitutive relations 本构关系（物理方程）thermal stress 热应力coefficient of thermal expansion 线胀系数prestrain 预应变inclined section 斜截面strain energy 应变能strain energy density 应变能密度modulus of resilience 回弹模量impact load 冲击载荷dynamic load 动载荷repeated load 交变载荷fatigue 疲劳fatigue limit; endurance limit 疲劳极限Saint-Venant’s Principle 圣维南原理statically equivalent 静力等效stress-concentration factor 应力集中系数elastoplastic material 弹塑性材料couple 力偶moment of a couple 力偶矩vector 矢量torque; twisting moment 扭矩angle of twist / rotation 扭转角rate of twist; angle of twist per unit length 单位长度扭转角polar moment of inertia 极惯性矩Iptorsional rigidity 抗扭刚度GIpthin-walled open cross section 开口薄壁截面bending moment 弯矩shear force 剪力simply supported beam; simple beam 简支梁pin support 固定铰支座roller support 可动铰支座cantilever beam 悬臂梁fixed support; clamped support 固定端beam with an overhang 外伸梁concentrated load 集中力distributed load 分布力intensity (of distributed load) （分布力的）集度reaction 反力pure bending 纯弯曲nonuniform bending 横力弯曲neutral surface 中性层neutral axis 中性轴moment of inertia; second moment 惯性矩；二次轴矩flexural rigidity 抗弯刚度EI section modulus 抗弯截面系数fully stressed beam 等强度梁first moment 静矩products of inertia 惯性积beam of wide-flange shape 工字梁web 腹板flange 翼缘composite beam 复合梁deflection curve 挠度曲线curvature 曲率radius of curvature 曲率半径angle of rotation 转角slope 斜率differential equation 微分方程method of successive integrations 积分法boundary condition 边界条件continuity condition 连续性条件symmetry condition 对称性条件method of superposition 叠加法principal stress 主应力principal plane 主平面Mohr’s Circle 摩尔圆triaxial stress 三向应力electrical-resistance strain gage 电阻应变片strain rosette 应变花pressure vessel 压力容器combined loadings 组合应力buckling 屈曲critical load 临界压力effective length factor 长度因数slenderness ratio （压杆的）柔度或长细比。

百度文库- 让每个人平等地提升自我！《材料力学性能》专业英语词汇2010-3-任课教师：李爱农专业班级：成型0703-05Metal materials 金属材料polymer materials 高分子材料Ceramic materials 陶瓷材料composite 复合材料Thermoplastic 热塑性thermosetting 热固性Hook's law 虎克定律elastic limit 弹性极限elastic deformation 弹性变形tensile strength抗拉强度Plastic Deformation塑性变形fracture strength断裂强度impact toughness冲击韧性fracture toughness断裂韧性Ductile-brittle transition韧脆转变温度critical stress 临界应力temperaturepoisson ratio泊松比疲劳强度compressive strength抗压强度shear strength剪切强度torsional strength 扭转强度stress concentration 应力集中Uniform deformation均匀变形Concentration of plastic集中塑性变形deformationNon-uniform deformation 不均匀变形Slip band 滑移带Tensile Test 拉伸试验gauge length 标距stress-strain diagram 应力-应变图dimensional stability 尺寸稳定性strain hardening index 应变硬化指数yield deformation 屈服变形yield strength 屈服强度strain hardening 加工硬化Distortion test 扭曲试验Stress state of soft factor 应力状态软性系数shear test 剪切试验Bending stress 弯曲应力flexure 挠曲，弯曲breaking strength 破裂强度deflection 挠曲，挠度endurance limit 疲劳极限damping effect 减震作用abrasion test 磨损试验Brinell hardness，HB 布氏硬度abrasion hardness 莫氏硬度、磨损硬度Rockwell hardness，HR 洛氏硬度acicular structure 针状组织vickers hardness，HV维氏硬度crystal boundary 晶界knoop hardness，HK 努氏硬度cup and cone fracture 杯形凹凸断口elastic modulus 弹性模量distortion 扭曲、畸变Shear modulus 切变模量ductility 延性，塑性after constriction 残余收缩elastic aftereffect 弹性后效ageing effect 时效作用embattlement 脆化，脆变高温强度endurance limit 疲劳极限elevated temperaturestrengthcantilever 悬臂（梁）force couple 力偶carbonized layer 渗碳层fatigue failure 疲劳断裂case depth 硬化层深度fatigue strength 疲劳强度case hardness 表面硬度fiber material 纤维（状）材料fiery fracture 光亮粗晶断口casting stress 铸造应力cellular segregation 网状偏析chill crack 冷裂纹checked surface 龟裂表面Erosion wear 冲蚀磨损stress corrosion test 应力腐蚀Wear resistance 耐磨性corrosion resistance 耐蚀性Chirp (impact) test 夏氏冲击试验safety factor 安全系数form factor 形状因数failure 失效cleavage brittleness 晶间脆裂intra-crystalline rupture 晶内断裂cleavage rupture 沿解理面断裂frictional coefficient 摩擦系数cracking 开裂、裂纹fracture criterion 断裂准则corrosion fatigue 腐蚀疲劳sectional sensitivity 壁厚敏感性galvanic corrosion 电解腐蚀creep deformation 蠕变critical diameter 临界直径crack sensitivity 裂纹敏感性solid solution phase 固溶相section size 剖面尺寸surface treatment 表面处理tribology 摩擦学Flanging coefficient 翻边系数expanding coefficient扩口系数minimum bending radius 最小弯曲半径bulging coefficient 胀形系数reverse deformation 反变形X-ray analysis X射线分析Ctrl+S 保存Ctrl+W 关闭程序Ctrl+N 新建Ctrl+O 打开Ctrl+Z 撤销Ctrl+F 查找Ctrl+X 剪切Ctrl+C 复制Ctrl+V 粘贴Ctrl+A 全选Ctrl+[ 缩小文字Ctrl+] 放大文字Ctrl+B 粗体Ctrl+I 斜体Ctrl+U 下划线Ctrl+Shift 输入法切换Ctrl+空格中英文切换Ctrl+回车QQ号中发送信息Ctrl+Home 光标快速移到文件头Ctrl+End 光标快速移到文件尾Ctrl+Esc 显示开始菜单Ctrl+Shift+< 快速缩小文字Ctrl+Shift+> 快速放大文字Ctrl+F5 在IE中强行刷新Ctrl+拖动文件复制文件Ctrl+Backspace 启动\关闭输入法拖动文件时按住Ctrl+Shift 创建快捷方式Alt+空格+C 关闭窗口Alt+空格+N 最小化当前窗口Alt+空格+R 恢复最小化窗口Alt+空格+X 最大化当前窗口Alt+空格+M 移动窗口Alt+空格+S 改变窗口大小Alt+Tab 两个程序交换Alt+255 QQ号中输入无名人Alt+F 打开文件菜单Alt+V 打开视图菜单Alt+E 打开编辑菜单Alt+I 打开插入菜单Alt+O 打开格式菜单Alt+T 打开工具菜单Alt+A 打开表格菜单Alt+W 打开窗口菜单Alt+H 打开帮助菜单Alt+回车查看文件属性Alt+双击文件查看文件属性Alt+X 关闭C语言Shift快捷键Shift+空格半\全角切换Shift + Delete 永久删除所选项，而不将它放到“回收站”中。

力学词汇英汉对译通类名词力学 mechanics牛顿力学 Newtonian mechanics经典力学 classical mechanics静力学 statics运动学 kinematics动力学 dynamics动理学 kinetics宏观力学 macroscopic mechanics,macromechanics细观力学 mesomechanics微观力学 microscopic mechanics,micromechanics一般力学 general mechanics固体力学 solid mechanics流体力学 fluid mechanics理论力学 theoretical mechanics应用力学 applied mechanics工程力学 engineering mechanics实验力学 experimental mechanics计算力学 computational mechanics理性力学 rational mechanics物理力学 physical mechanics地球动力学 geodynamics力 force作用点 point of action作用线 line of action力系 system of forces力系的简化 reduction of force system等效力系 equivalent force system刚体 rigid body力的可传性 transmissibility of force平行四边形定则 parallelogram rule力三角形 force triangle力多边形 force polygon零力系 null-force system平衡 equilibrium力的平衡 equilibrium of forces平衡条件 equilibrium condition平衡位置 equilibrium position平衡态 equilibrium state分析力学 analytical mechanics拉格朗日乘子 Lagrange multiplier拉格朗日[量] Lagrangian拉格朗日括号 Lagrange bracket循环坐标 cyclic coordinate循环积分 cyclic integral哈密顿[量] Hamiltonian哈密顿函数 Hamiltonian function正则方程 canonical equation正则摄动 canonical perturbation正则变换 canonical transformation正则变量 canonical variable哈密顿原理 Hamilton principle作用量积分 action integral哈密顿--雅可比方程 Hamilton-Jacobi equation作用--角度变量 action-angle variables 阿佩尔方程 Appell equation劳斯方程 Routh equation拉格朗日函数 Lagrangian function诺特定理 Noether theorem泊松括号 poisson bracket边界积分法 boundary integral method 并矢 dyad运动稳定性 stability of motion轨道稳定性 orbital stability李雅普诺夫函数 Lyapunov function渐近稳定性 asymptotic stability结构稳定性 structural stability久期不稳定性 secular instability弗洛凯定理 Floquet theorem倾覆力矩 capsizing moment自由振动 free vibration固有振动 natural vibration暂态 transient state环境振动 ambient vibration反共振 anti-resonance衰减 attenuation库仑阻尼 Coulomb damping同相分量 in-phase component非同相分量 out-of -phase component超调量 overshoot参量[激励]振动 parametric vibration 模糊振动 fuzzy vibration临界转速 critical speed of rotation阻尼器 damper半峰宽度 half-peak width集总参量系统 lumped parameter system相平面法 phase plane method相轨迹 phase trajectory等倾线法 isocline method跳跃现象 jump phenomenon负阻尼 negative damping达芬方程 Duffing equation希尔方程 Hill equationKBM方法 KBM method, Krylov-Bogoliu-bov-Mitropol'skii method 马蒂厄方程 Mathieu equation平均法 averaging method组合音调 combination tone解谐 detuning耗散函数 dissipative function硬激励 hard excitation硬弹簧 hard spring, hardening spring谐波平衡法 harmonic balance method久期项 secular term自激振动 self-excited vibration分界线 separatrix亚谐波 subharmonic软弹簧 soft spring ,softening spring软激励 soft excitation邓克利公式 Dunkerley formula瑞利定理 Rayleigh theorem分布参量系统 distributed parameter system优势频率 dominant frequency模态分析 modal analysis固有模态 natural mode of vibration同步 synchronization超谐波 ultraharmonic范德波尔方程 van der pol equation频谱 frequency spectrum基频 fundamental frequencyWKB方法 WKB method, Wentzel-Kramers-Brillouin method 缓冲器 buffer风激振动 aeolian vibration嗡鸣 buzz倒谱 cepstrum颤动 chatter蛇行 hunting阻抗匹配 impedance matching机械导纳 mechanical admittance机械效率 mechanical efficiency机械阻抗 mechanical impedance随机振动 stochastic vibration, random vibration隔振 vibration isolation减振 vibration reduction应力过冲 stress overshoot喘振 surge摆振 shimmy起伏运动 phugoid motion起伏振荡 phugoid oscillation驰振 galloping陀螺动力学 gyrodynamics陀螺摆 gyropendulum陀螺平台 gyroplatform.陀螺力矩 gyroscoopic torque陀螺稳定器 gyrostabilizer陀螺体 gyrostat惯性导航 inertial guidance姿态角 attitude angle方位角 azimuthal angle舒勒周期 Schuler period机器人动力学 robot dynamics多体系统 multibody system多刚体系统 multi-rigid-body system机动性 maneuverability凯恩方法 Kane method转子[系统]动力学 rotor dynamics转子[一支承一基础]系统 rotor-support-foundation system 静平衡 static balancing动平衡 dynamic balancing静不平衡 static unbalance动不平衡 dynamic unbalance现场平衡 field balancing不平衡 unbalance不平衡量 unbalance互耦力 cross force挠性转子 flexible rotor分频进动 fractional frequency precession半频进动 half frequency precession油膜振荡 oil whip转子临界转速 rotor critical speed自动定心 self-alignment亚临界转速 subcritical speed涡动 whirl固体力学弹性力学 elasticity弹性理论 theory of elasticity均匀应力状态 homogeneous state of stress应力不变量 stress invariant应变不变量 strain invariant应变椭球 strain ellipsoid均匀应变状态 homogeneous state of strain应变协调方程 equation of strain compatibility拉梅常量 Lame constants各向同性弹性 isotropic elasticity旋转圆盘 rotating circular disk楔 wedge开尔文问题 Kelvin problem布西内斯克问题 Boussinesq problem艾里应力函数 Airy stress function克罗索夫--穆斯赫利什维利法 Kolosoff-Muskhelishvili method 基尔霍夫假设 Kirchhoff hypothesis板 Plate矩形板 Rectangular plate圆板 Circular plate环板 Annular plate波纹板 Corrugated plate加劲板 Stiffened plate,reinforced Plate 中厚板 Plate of moderate thickness弯[曲]应力函数 Stress function of bending 壳 Shell扁壳 Shallow shell旋转壳 Revolutionary shell球壳 Spherical shell[圆]柱壳 Cylindrical shell锥壳 Conical shell环壳 Toroidal shell封闭壳 Closed shell波纹壳 Corrugated shell扭[转]应力函数 Stress function of torsion 翘曲函数 Warping function半逆解法 semi-inverse method瑞利--里茨法 Rayleigh-Ritz method松弛法 Relaxation method莱维法 Levy method松弛 Relaxation量纲分析 Dimensional analysis自相似[性] self-similarity影响面 Influence surface接触应力 Contact stress赫兹理论 Hertz theory协调接触 Conforming contact滑动接触 Sliding contact滚动接触 Rolling contact压入 Indentation各向异性弹性 Anisotropic elasticity颗粒材料 Granular material散体力学 Mechanics of granular media热弹性 Thermoelasticity超弹性 Hyperelasticity粘弹性 Viscoelasticity对应原理 Correspondence principle褶皱 Wrinkle塑性全量理论 Total theory of plasticity 滑动 Sliding微滑 Microslip粗糙度 Roughness非线性弹性 Nonlinear elasticity大挠度 Large deflection突弹跳变 snap-through有限变形 Finite deformation格林应变 Green strain阿尔曼西应变 Almansi strain弹性动力学 Dynamic elasticity运动方程 Equation of motion准静态的 Quasi-static气动弹性 Aeroelasticity水弹性 Hydroelasticity颤振 Flutter弹性波 Elastic wave简单波 Simple wave柱面波 Cylindrical wave水平剪切波 Horizontal shear wave竖直剪切波 Vertical shear wave体波 body wave无旋波 Irrotational wave畸变波 Distortion wave膨胀波 Dilatation wave瑞利波 Rayleigh wave等容波 Equivoluminal wave勒夫波 Love wave界面波 Interfacial wave边缘效应 edge effect塑性力学 Plasticity可成形性 Formability金属成形 Metal forming耐撞性 Crashworthiness结构抗撞毁性 Structural crashworthiness 拉拔 Drawing破坏机构 Collapse mechanism回弹 Springback挤压 Extrusion冲压 Stamping穿透 Perforation层裂 Spalling塑性理论 Theory of plasticity安定[性]理论 Shake-down theory运动安定定理 kinematic shake-down theorem 静力安定定理 Static shake-down theorem率相关理论 rate dependent theorem载荷因子 load factor加载准则 Loading criterion加载函数 Loading function加载面 Loading surface塑性加载 Plastic loading塑性加载波 Plastic loading wave简单加载 Simple loading比例加载 Proportional loading卸载 Unloading卸载波 Unloading wave冲击载荷 Impulsive load阶跃载荷 step load脉冲载荷 pulse load极限载荷 limit load中性变载 nentral loading拉抻失稳 instability in tension加速度波 acceleration wave本构方程 constitutive equation完全解 complete solution名义应力 nominal stress过应力 over-stress真应力 true stress等效应力 equivalent stress流动应力 flow stress应力间断 stress discontinuity应力空间 stress space主应力空间 principal stress space静水应力状态 hydrostatic state of stress对数应变 logarithmic strain工程应变 engineering strain等效应变 equivalent strain应变局部化 strain localization应变率 strain rate应变率敏感性 strain rate sensitivity应变空间 strain space有限应变 finite strain塑性应变增量 plastic strain increment累积塑性应变 accumulated plastic strain永久变形 permanent deformation内变量 internal variable应变软化 strain-softening理想刚塑性材料 rigid-perfectly plastic Material 刚塑性材料 rigid-plastic material理想塑性材料 perfectl plastic material材料稳定性 stability of material应变偏张量 deviatoric tensor of strain应力偏张量 deviatori tensor of stress应变球张量 spherical tensor of strain应力球张量 spherical tensor of stress路径相关性 path-dependency线性强化 linear strain-hardening应变强化 strain-hardening随动强化 kinematic hardening各向同性强化 isotropic hardening强化模量 strain-hardening modulus幂强化 power hardening塑性极限弯矩 plastic limit bending Moment塑性极限扭矩 plastic limit torque弹塑性弯曲 elastic-plastic bending弹塑性交界面 elastic-plastic interface弹塑性扭转 elastic-plastic torsion粘塑性 Viscoplasticity非弹性 Inelasticity理想弹塑性材料 elastic-perfectly plastic Material 极限分析 limit analysis极限设计 limit design极限面 limit surface上限定理 upper bound theorem上屈服点 upper yield point下限定理 lower bound theorem下屈服点 lower yield point界限定理 bound theorem初始屈服面 initial yield surface后继屈服面 subsequent yield surface屈服面[的]外凸性 convexity of yield surface截面形状因子 shape factor of cross-section沙堆比拟 sand heap analogy屈服 Yield屈服条件 yield condition屈服准则 yield criterion屈服函数 yield function屈服面 yield surface塑性势 plastic potential能量吸收装置 energy absorbing device能量耗散率 energy absorbing device塑性动力学 dynamic plasticity塑性动力屈曲 dynamic plastic buckling塑性动力响应 dynamic plastic response塑性波 plastic wave运动容许场 kinematically admissible Field静力容许场 statically admissible Field流动法则 flow rule速度间断 velocity discontinuity滑移线 slip-lines滑移线场 slip-lines field移行塑性铰 travelling plastic hinge塑性增量理论 incremental theory of Plasticity米泽斯屈服准则 Mises yield criterion普朗特--罗伊斯关系 prandtl- Reuss relation特雷斯卡屈服准则 Tresca yield criterion洛德应力参数 Lode stress parameter莱维--米泽斯关系 Levy-Mises relation亨基应力方程 Hencky stress equation赫艾--韦斯特加德应力空间 Haigh-Westergaard stress space 洛德应变参数 Lode strain parameter德鲁克公设 Drucker postulate盖林格速度方程 Geiringer velocity Equation结构力学 structural mechanics结构分析 structural analysis结构动力学 structural dynamics拱 Arch三铰拱 three-hinged arch抛物线拱 parabolic arch圆拱 circular arch穹顶 Dome空间结构 space structure空间桁架 space truss雪载[荷] snow load风载[荷] wind load土压力 earth pressure地震载荷 earthquake loading弹簧支座 spring support支座位移 support displacement支座沉降 support settlement超静定次数 degree of indeterminacy机动分析 kinematic analysis结点法 method of joints截面法 method of sections结点力 joint forces共轭位移 conjugate displacement影响线 influence line三弯矩方程 three-moment equation单位虚力 unit virtual force刚度系数 stiffness coefficient柔度系数 flexibility coefficient力矩分配 moment distribution力矩分配法 moment distribution method 力矩再分配 moment redistribution分配系数 distribution factor矩阵位移法 matri displacement method单元刚度矩阵 element stiffness matrix单元应变矩阵 element strain matrix总体坐标 global coordinates贝蒂定理 Betti theorem高斯--若尔当消去法 Gauss-Jordan elimination Method 屈曲模态 buckling mode复合材料力学 mechanics of composites复合材料 composite material纤维复合材料 fibrous composite单向复合材料 unidirectional composite泡沫复合材料 foamed composite颗粒复合材料 particulate composite层板 Laminate夹层板 sandwich panel正交层板 cross-ply laminate斜交层板 angle-ply laminate层片 Ply多胞固体 cellular solid膨胀 Expansion压实 Debulk劣化 Degradation脱层 Delamination脱粘 Debond纤维应力 fiber stress层应力 ply stress层应变 ply strain层间应力 interlaminar stress比强度 specific strength强度折减系数 strength reduction factor强度应力比 strength -stress ratio横向剪切模量 transverse shear modulus横观各向同性 transverse isotropy正交各向异 Orthotropy剪滞分析 shear lag analysis短纤维 chopped fiber长纤维 continuous fiber纤维方向 fiber direction纤维断裂 fiber break纤维拔脱 fiber pull-out纤维增强 fiber reinforcement致密化 Densification最小重量设计 optimum weight design网格分析法 netting analysis混合律 rule of mixture失效准则 failure criterion蔡--吴失效准则 Tsai-W u failure criterion达格代尔模型 Dugdale model断裂力学 fracture mechanics概率断裂力学 probabilistic fracture Mechanics格里菲思理论 Griffith theory线弹性断裂力学 linear elastic fracture mechanics, LEFM 弹塑性断裂力学 elastic-plastic fracture mecha-nics, EPFM 断裂 Fracture脆性断裂 brittle fracture解理断裂 cleavage fracture蠕变断裂 creep fracture延性断裂 ductile fracture晶间断裂 inter-granular fracture准解理断裂 quasi-cleavage fracture穿晶断裂 trans-granular fracture裂纹 Crack裂缝 Flaw缺陷 Defect割缝 Slit微裂纹 Microcrack折裂 Kink椭圆裂纹 elliptical crack深埋裂纹 embedded crack[钱]币状裂纹 penny-shape crack预制裂纹 Precrack短裂纹 short crack表面裂纹 surface crack裂纹钝化 crack blunting裂纹分叉 crack branching裂纹闭合 crack closure裂纹前缘 crack front裂纹嘴 crack mouth裂纹张开角 crack opening angle,COA裂纹张开位移 crack opening displacement, COD裂纹阻力 crack resistance裂纹面 crack surface裂纹尖端 crack tip裂尖张角 crack tip opening angle, CTOA裂尖张开位移 crack tip opening displacement, CTOD裂尖奇异场 crack tip singularity Field 裂纹扩展速率 crack growth rate稳定裂纹扩展 stable crack growth定常裂纹扩展 steady crack growth亚临界裂纹扩展 subcritical crack growth 裂纹[扩展]减速 crack retardation止裂 crack arrest止裂韧度 arrest toughness断裂类型 fracture mode滑开型 sliding mode张开型 opening mode撕开型 tearing mode复合型 mixed mode撕裂 Tearing撕裂模量 tearing modulus断裂准则 fracture criterionJ积分 J-integralJ阻力曲线 J-resistance curve断裂韧度 fracture toughness应力强度因子 stress intensity factor HRR场 Hutchinson-Rice-Rosengren Field 守恒积分 conservation integral有效应力张量 effective stress tensor应变能密度 strain energy density能量释放率 energy release rate内聚区 cohesive zone塑性区 plastic zone张拉区 stretched zone热影响区 heat affected zone, HAZ延脆转变温度 brittle-ductile transition temperature剪切带 shear band剪切唇 shear lip无损检测 non-destructive inspection双边缺口试件 double edge notched specimen, DEN specimen单边缺口试件 single edge notched specimen, SEN specimen三点弯曲试件 three point bending specimen, TPB specimen中心裂纹拉伸试件 center cracked tension specimen, CCT specimen 中心裂纹板试件 center cracked panel specimen, CCP specimen紧凑拉伸试件 compact tension specimen, CT specimen大范围屈服 large scale yielding小范围攻屈服 small scale yielding韦布尔分布 Weibull distribution帕里斯公式 paris formula空穴化 Cavitation应力腐蚀 stress corrosion概率风险判定 probabilistic risk assessment, PRA损伤力学 damage mechanics损伤 Damage连续介质损伤力学 continuum damage mechanics细观损伤力学 microscopic damage mechanics累积损伤 accumulated damage脆性损伤 brittle damage延性损伤 ductile damage宏观损伤 macroscopic damage细观损伤 microscopic damage微观损伤 microscopic damage损伤准则 damage criterion损伤演化方程 damage evolution equation 损伤软化 damage softening损伤强化 damage strengthening损伤张量 damage tensor损伤阈值 damage threshold损伤变量 damage variable损伤矢量 damage vector损伤区 damage zone疲劳 Fatigue低周疲劳 low cycle fatigue应力疲劳 stress fatigue随机疲劳 random fatigue蠕变疲劳 creep fatigue腐蚀疲劳 corrosion fatigue疲劳损伤 fatigue damage疲劳失效 fatigue failure疲劳断裂 fatigue fracture疲劳裂纹 fatigue crack疲劳寿命 fatigue life疲劳破坏 fatigue rupture疲劳强度 fatigue strength疲劳辉纹 fatigue striations疲劳阈值 fatigue threshold交变载荷 alternating load交变应力 alternating stress应力幅值 stress amplitude应变疲劳 strain fatigue应力循环 stress cycle应力比 stress ratio安全寿命 safe life过载效应 overloading effect循环硬化 cyclic hardening循环软化 cyclic softening环境效应 environmental effect裂纹片 crack gage裂纹扩展 crack growth, crack Propagation 裂纹萌生 crack initiation循环比 cycle ratio实验应力分析 experimental stress Analysis 工作[应变]片 active[strain] gage基底材料 backing material应力计 stress gage零[点]飘移 zero shift, zero drift应变测量 strain measurement应变计 strain gage应变指示器 strain indicator应变花 strain rosette应变灵敏度 strain sensitivity机械式应变仪 mechanical strain gage直角应变花 rectangular rosette引伸仪 Extensometer应变遥测 telemetering of strain横向灵敏系数 transverse gage factor横向灵敏度 transverse sensitivity焊接式应变计 weldable strain gage平衡电桥 balanced bridge粘贴式应变计 bonded strain gage粘贴箔式应变计 bonded foiled gage粘贴丝式应变计 bonded wire gage桥路平衡 bridge balancing电容应变计 capacitance strain gage补偿片 compensation technique补偿技术 compensation technique基准电桥 reference bridge电阻应变计 resistance strain gage温度自补偿应变计 self-temperature compensating gage 半导体应变计 semiconductor strain Gage集流器 slip ring应变放大镜 strain amplifier疲劳寿命计 fatigue life gage电感应变计 inductance [strain] gage光[测]力学 Photomechanics光弹性 Photoelasticity光塑性 Photoplasticity杨氏条纹 Young fringe双折射效应 birefrigent effect等位移线 contour of equal Displacement暗条纹 dark fringe条纹倍增 fringe multiplication干涉条纹 interference fringe等差线 Isochromatic等倾线 Isoclinic等和线 isopachic应力光学定律 stress- optic law主应力迹线 Isostatic亮条纹 light fringe光程差 optical path difference热光弹性 photo-thermo -elasticity光弹性贴片法 photoelastic coating Method光弹性夹片法 photoelastic sandwich Method动态光弹性 dynamic photo-elasticity空间滤波 spatial filtering空间频率 spatial frequency起偏镜 Polarizer反射式光弹性仪 reflection polariscope残余双折射效应 residual birefringent Effect应变条纹值 strain fringe value应变光学灵敏度 strain-optic sensitivity应力冻结效应 stress freezing effect应力条纹值 stress fringe value应力光图 stress-optic pattern暂时双折射效应 temporary birefringent Effect脉冲全息法 pulsed holography透射式光弹性仪 transmission polariscope实时全息干涉法 real-time holographic interferometry 网格法 grid method全息光弹性法 holo-photoelasticity全息图 Hologram全息照相 Holograph全息干涉法 holographic interferometry全息云纹法 holographic moire technique全息术 Holography全场分析法 whole-field analysis散斑干涉法 speckle interferometry散斑 Speckle错位散斑干涉法 speckle-shearing interferometry, shearography 散斑图 Specklegram白光散斑法 white-light speckle method云纹干涉法 moire interferometry[叠栅]云纹 moire fringe[叠栅]云纹法 moire method云纹图 moire pattern离面云纹法 off-plane moire method参考栅 reference grating试件栅 specimen grating分析栅 analyzer grating面内云纹法 in-plane moire method脆性涂层法 brittle-coating method条带法 strip coating method坐标变换 transformation of Coordinates计算结构力学 computational structural mechanics加权残量法 weighted residual method有限差分法 finite difference method有限[单]元法 finite element method配点法 point collocation里茨法 Ritz method广义变分原理 generalized variational Principle最小二乘法 least square method胡[海昌]一鹫津原理 Hu-Washizu principle赫林格-赖斯纳原理 Hellinger-Reissner Principle 修正变分原理 modified variational Principle约束变分原理 constrained variational Principle 混合法 mixed method杂交法 hybrid method边界解法 boundary solution method有限条法 finite strip method半解析法 semi-analytical method协调元 conforming element非协调元 non-conforming element混合元 mixed element杂交元 hybrid element边界元 boundary element强迫边界条件 forced boundary condition自然边界条件 natural boundary condition离散化 Discretization离散系统 discrete system连续问题 continuous problem广义位移 generalized displacement广义载荷 generalized load广义应变 generalized strain广义应力 generalized stress界面变量 interface variable节点 node, nodal point[单]元 Element角节点 corner node边节点 mid-side node内节点 internal node无节点变量 nodeless variable杆元 bar element桁架杆元 truss element梁元 beam element二维元 two-dimensional element一维元 one-dimensional element三维元 three-dimensional element轴对称元 axisymmetric element板元 plate element壳元 shell element厚板元 thick plate element三角形元 triangular element四边形元 quadrilateral element四面体元 tetrahedral element曲线元 curved element二次元 quadratic element线性元 linear element三次元 cubic element四次元 quartic element等参[数]元 isoparametric element超参数元 super-parametric element亚参数元 sub-parametric element节点数可变元 variable-number-node element 拉格朗日元 Lagrange element拉格朗日族 Lagrange family巧凑边点元 serendipity element巧凑边点族 serendipity family无限元 infinite element单元分析 element analysis单元特性 element characteristics刚度矩阵 stiffness matrix几何矩阵 geometric matrix等效节点力 equivalent nodal force节点位移 nodal displacement节点载荷 nodal load位移矢量 displacement vector载荷矢量 load vector质量矩阵 mass matrix集总质量矩阵 lumped mass matrix相容质量矩阵 consistent mass matrix阻尼矩阵 damping matrix瑞利阻尼 Rayleigh damping刚度矩阵的组集 assembly of stiffness Matrices 载荷矢量的组集 consistent mass matrix质量矩阵的组集 assembly of mass matrices单元的组集 assembly of elements局部坐标系 local coordinate system局部坐标 local coordinate面积坐标 area coordinates体积坐标 volume coordinates曲线坐标 curvilinear coordinates静凝聚 static condensation合同变换 contragradient transformation形状函数 shape function试探函数 trial function检验函数 test function权函数 weight function样条函数 spline function代用函数 substitute function降阶积分 reduced integration零能模式 zero-energy modeP收敛 p-convergenceH收敛 h-convergence掺混插值 blended interpolation等参数映射 isoparametric mapping双线性插值 bilinear interpolation小块检验 patch test非协调模式 incompatible mode节点号 node number单元号 element number带宽 band width带状矩阵 banded matrix变带状矩阵 profile matrix带宽最小化 minimization of band width 波前法 frontal method子空间迭代法 subspace iteration method 行列式搜索法 determinant search method 逐步法 step-by-step method纽马克法 Newmark威尔逊法 Wilson拟牛顿法 quasi-Newton method牛顿-拉弗森法 Newton-Raphson method增量法 incremental method初应变 initial strain初应力 initial stress切线刚度矩阵 tangent stiffness matrix割线刚度矩阵 secant stiffness matrix模态叠加法 mode superposition method平衡迭代 equilibrium iteration子结构 Substructure子结构法 substructure technique超单元 super-element网格生成 mesh generation结构分析程序 structural analysis program前处理 pre-processing后处理 post-processing网格细化 mesh refinement应力光顺 stress smoothing组合结构 composite structure流体力学流体动力学 fluid dynamics连续介质力学 mechanics of continuous media 介质 medium流体质点 fluid particle无粘性流体 nonviscous fluid, inviscid fluid 连续介质假设 continuous medium hypothesis 流体运动学 fluid kinematics水静力学 hydrostatics液体静力学 hydrostatics支配方程 governing equation伯努利方程 Bernoulli equation伯努利定理 Bernonlli theorem毕奥-萨伐尔定律 Biot-Savart law欧拉方程 Euler equation亥姆霍兹定理 Helmholtz theorem开尔文定理 Kelvin theorem涡片 vortex sheet库塔-茹可夫斯基条件 Kutta-Zhoukowski condition 布拉休斯解 Blasius solution达朗贝尔佯廖 d'Alembert paradox雷诺数 Reynolds number施特鲁哈尔数 Strouhal number随体导数 material derivative不可压缩流体 incompressible fluid质量守恒 conservation of mass动量守恒 conservation of momentum能量守恒 conservation of energy动量方程 momentum equation能量方程 energy equation控制体积 control volume液体静压 hydrostatic pressure涡量拟能 enstrophy压差 differential pressure流[动] flow流线 stream line流面 stream surface流管 stream tube迹线 path, path line流场 flow field流态 flow regime流动参量 flow parameter流量 flow rate, flow discharge 涡旋 vortex涡量 vorticity涡丝 vortex filament涡线 vortex line涡面 vortex surface涡层 vortex layer涡环 vortex ring涡对 vortex pair涡管 vortex tube涡街 vortex street卡门涡街 Karman vortex street 马蹄涡 horseshoe vortex对流涡胞 convective cell卷筒涡胞 roll cell涡 eddy涡粘性 eddy viscosity环流 circulation环量 circulation速度环量 velocity circulation 偶极子 doublet, dipole驻点 stagnation point总压[力] total pressure总压头 total head静压头 static head总焓 total enthalpy能量输运 energy transport速度剖面 velocity profile库埃特流 Couette flow单相流 single phase flow单组份流 single-component flow均匀流 uniform. flow非均匀流 nonuniform. flow二维流 two-dimensional flow三维流 three-dimensional flow准定常流 quasi-steady flow非定常流 unsteady flow, non-steady flow 暂态流 transient flow周期流 periodic flow振荡流 oscillatory flow分层流 stratified flow无旋流 irrotational flow有旋流 rotational flow轴对称流 axisymmetric flow不可压缩性 incompressibility不可压缩流[动] incompressible flow浮体 floating body定倾中心 metacenter阻力 drag, resistance减阻 drag reduction表面力 surface force表面张力 surface tension毛细[管]作用 capillarity来流 incoming flow自由流 free stream自由流线 free stream line外流 external flow进口 entrance, inlet出口 exit, outlet扰动 disturbance, perturbation分布 distribution传播 propagation色散 dispersion弥散 dispersion附加质量 added mass ,associated mass 收缩 contraction镜象法 image method无量纲参数 dimensionless parameter 几何相似 geometric similarity运动相似 kinematic similarity动力相似[性] dynamic similarity平面流 plane flow势 potential势流 potential flow速度势 velocity potential复势 complex potential复速度 complex velocity流函数 stream function源 source汇 sink速度[水]头 velocity head拐角流 corner flow空泡流 cavity flow超空泡 supercavity超空泡流 supercavity flow空气动力学 aerodynamics低速空气动力学 low-speed aerodynamics 高速空气动力学 high-speed aerodynamics 气动热力学 aerothermodynamics亚声速流[动] subsonic flow跨声速流[动] transonic flow超声速流[动] supersonic flow锥形流 conical flow楔流 wedge flow叶栅流 cascade flow非平衡流[动] non-equilibrium flow细长体 slender body细长度 slenderness钝头体 bluff body钝体 blunt body翼型 airfoil翼弦 chord薄翼理论 thin-airfoil theory构型 configuration后缘 trailing edge迎角 angle of attack失速 stall脱体激波 detached shock wave波阻 wave drag诱导阻力 induced drag诱导速度 induced velocity临界雷诺数 critical Reynolds number前缘涡 leading edge vortex附着涡 bound vortex约束涡 confined vortex综合类：广义连续统力学 generalized continuum mechanics简单物质 simple material纯力学物质 purely mechanical material微分型物质 material of differential type积分型物质 material of integral type混合物组份 constituents of a mixture非协调理论 incompatibility theory微极理论 micropolar theory决定性原理 principle of determinism等存在原理 principle of equipresence局部作用原理 principle of objectivity客观性原理 principle of objectivity电磁连续统理论 theory of electromagnetic continuum 内时理论 endochronic theory非局部理论 nonlocal theory混合物理论 theory of mixtures里夫林-矣里克森张量 Rivlin-Ericksen tensor声张量 acoustic tensor半向同性张量 hemitropic tensor各向同性张量 isotropic tensor应变张量 strain tensor伸缩张量 stretch tensor连续旋错 continuous dislination连续位错 continuous dislocation动量矩平衡 angular momentum balance余本构关系 complementary constitutive relations共旋导数 co-rotational derivative, Jaumann derivative 非完整分量 anholonomic component爬升效应 climbing effect协调条件 compatibility condition错综度 complexity当时构形 current configuration能量平衡 energy balance变形梯度 deformation gradient有限弹性 finite elasticity熵增 entropy production标架无差异性 frame. indifference弹性势 elastic potential熵不等式 entropy inequality极分解 polar decomposition低弹性 hypoelasticity参考构形 reference configuration响应泛函 response functional动量平衡 momentum balance奇异面 singular surface贮能函数 stored-energy function内部约束 internal constraint物理分量 physical components本原元 primitive element普适变形 universal deformation速度梯度 velocity gradient测粘流动 viscometric flow当地导数 local derivative岩石力学 rock mechanics原始岩体应力 virgin rock stress构造应力 tectonic stress三轴压缩试验 three-axial compression test 三轴拉伸试验 three-axial tensile test三轴试验 triaxial test岩层静态应力 lithostatic stress吕荣 lugeon地压强 geostatic pressure水力劈裂 hydraulic fracture咬合[作用] interlocking内禀抗剪强度 intrinsic shear strength循环抗剪强度 cyclic shear strength残余抗剪强度 residual shear strength土力学 soil mechanics孔隙比 void ratio内磨擦角 angle of internal friction休止角 angle of repose孔隙率 porosity围压 ambient pressure渗透系数 coefficient of permeability [抗]剪切角 angle of shear resistance渗流力 seepage force表观粘聚力 apparent cohesion粘聚力 cohesion稠度 consistency固结 consolidation主固结 primary consolidation次固结 secondary consolidation固结仪 consolidometer浮升力 uplift扩容 dilatancy有效应力 effective stress絮凝[作用] flocculation主动土压力 active earth pressure 被动土压力 passive earth pressure 土动力学 soil dynamics应力解除 stress relief次时间效应 secondary time effect 贯入阻力 penetration resistance 沙土液化 liquefaction of sand泥流 mud flow多相流 multiphase flow马格努斯效应 Magnus effect韦伯数 Weber number环状流 annular flow泡状流 bubble flow层状流 stratified flow平衡流 equilibrium flow二组份流 two-component flow冻结流 frozen flow均质流 homogeneous flow二相流 two-phase flow。

材料科学专业英语词汇1. Material science - 材料科学2. Properties - 物性3. Structure - 结构5. Mechanical properties - 机械性能6. Thermal properties - 热性能7. Electrical properties - 电性能8. Optical properties - 光学性能9. Chemical properties - 化学性能10. Processing - 加工11. Synthesis - 合成12. Manufacturing - 制造13. Testing - 测试14. Characterization - 表征15. Nanomaterials - 纳米材料16. Polymers - 高分子材料17. Metals - 金属18. Ceramics - 陶瓷20. Biomaterials - 生物材料21. Material selection - 材料选择22. Material degradation - 材料退化23. Corrosion - 腐蚀24. Fracture - 断裂25. Fatigue - 疲劳26. Deformation - 变形27. Microstructure - 微观结构28. Phase transformation - 相变29. Crystal structure - 晶体结构30. Surface engineering - 表面工程31. Coating - 涂层32. Thin films - 薄膜33. Materials characterization techniques - 材料表征技术34. X-ray diffraction - X射线衍射35. Scanning electron microscopy - 扫描电子显微镜36. Transmission electron microscopy - 透射电子显微镜37. Atomic force microscopy - 原子力显微镜38. Differential scanning calorimetry - 差示扫描量热计39. Tensile testing - 拉伸试验。