2020年高考英语 语法备考(典型陷阱+分析+练习)虚拟语气考点
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2020年高考英语语法考点讲解与真题分析专题13：虚拟语气
2020年高考语法考点讲解与真题分析13虚拟语气虚拟语气表示与事实相反的假设。
高考对虚拟语气的考查主要在于条件句、含蓄条件句、名词性从句和其他一些从句中。
考生应当熟悉使用虚拟语气的各种情况，并牢记不同情况下虚拟语气的动词形式。
考点一用于条件句虚拟条件句可表示与现在、过去或将来事实相反，从句和主句谓语动词根据不同的时间，用不同的形式。
1. They might have found a better hotel if they _________ a few more kilometers. （2018北京）A. droveB. would driveC. were to driveD. had driven【答案】D【解析】由语境可知，主、从句都表示与过去事实相反，故从句用过去完成时。
2. If the new safety system _______ to use, the accident would never have happened.（2017北京）A. had been putB. were putC. should be putD. would be put【答案】A【解析】由语境可知，主、从句都表示与过去事实相反，故从句用过去完成时。
3. Why didn’t you tell me about your trouble last week? If you _______ me, I could have helped. （2016北京）A. toldB. had toldC. were to tellD. would tell【答案】B【解析】由last week可知，主、从句都表示与过去事实相反，故从句用过去完成时。
4. I was wearing a seatbelt. If I hadn’t been wearing one, I ________.（2016天津）A. were injuredB. would be injuredC. had been injuredD. would have been injured【答案】D【解析】主、从句都表示与过去事实相反，故主句用would have done。
高考英语语法考点总结——虚拟语气(共27张PPT)
C. was
D. has been
考点3：as if/as though问题
as if/as though表示不可能实现的事情时，用虚拟 语气；表示很有可能实现的事情或较大的可能性时， 用陈述语气。
A The sky is covered with black cloud. It looks as if
考点2：if only
在if only感叹句中, 表示“但愿”，“要是……就好 了”。
D If only the committee
the regulations and put them into
effect as soon as possible.
A. approve B. will approve C. can approve D. would approve
If they ____ earlier than expected, they ____ here now.
A. had started, would be B. started, might be C. had started, would have been
A
D. will start, might have been
当上述表示建议、命令的动词以其名词形式出现，并 且被用作主语，引导一个表语从句或者同位语从句时， 谓语动词用should+动词原形，should可以省略。
B My advice is that_____________ till next week is reasonable.
A.she waits B. she wait C. wait she
It is requested by the hotel manager that radios o’clock at night.
2020年高考英语语法必考考点 8 虚拟语气及情态动词
2020年高考英语语法必考考点（8）虚拟语气及情态动词【考点解读】 情态动词是每年高考的热点也是难点，每年单项填空题必考一题。
考点集中在：情态动词表示推测的基本用法及区别;情态动词否定式的用法辨析：“情态动词+have done”的用法区别等。
虚拟语气在高考命题中不是重点，但是难点。
考点常集中在含蓄条件句以及主语、宾语从句等特定句型中虚拟语气的使用上，因此考生应熟练掌握含蓄条件句中主从句的时态要求以及一些典型句型中虚拟语气的具体形式。
虚拟语气考点透析 考点一、虚拟语气的基本用法 1.与现在事实相反的虚拟语气，基本结构为：主语+动词的一般过去时(be动词用were)+其他成分+if +should/would/could...+动词原形+其他成分。
例如： ①If it were not for the fact that she ______ sing，I would invite her to the party.A. couldn’tB. shouldn’tC. can’tD. might not 解析句意为：如果不是因为她不会唱歌的事实，我会邀请她来参加那次聚会的。
that从句为同位语从句，描述的是事实，用陈述语气。
正确答案为C。
2.与过去事实相反的虚拟语气，基本结构为：主语+动词的过去完成时+其他成分+if +should/would/could...+have done+其他成分。
例如： If the weather had been better，we could have had a picnic. But it ______ all day.A. rainedB. rainsC. has rainedD.is raining 解析句意为：如果天气好的话，我们是能够去野餐的，但是下了一天的雨。
句子前半部分陈述的是与过去事实相反的事情，所以用了虚拟语气。
“下了一天的雨”是事实，所以用陈述语气。
高考英语虚拟语气重点归纳和练习
高考英语虚拟语气重点归纳和练习虚拟语气的重点是：1．一些常见的虚拟语气的句型或结构。
2．虚拟语气的特殊形式，即用来表示要求、建议、命令、提议、意愿等的主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句中的虚拟形式。
3．主从句表示不同的时间概念、事实或假设情况，从而交错成为复合虚拟语气。
4．含蓄条件句中的虚拟语气的表示愿望的虚拟形式。
下面我们将主要从上述四个方面来重点论述在考试中应该注意的问题。
一、虚拟语气的常见类型和句型（1）由wish引起的表示愿望的虚拟语气A．用wish表示对现在的愿望时，它所引起的宾语从句中谓语动词形式为：过去式（be动词用were）。
B．用wish表示对将来的愿望时，它所引起的宾语从句中谓语动词形式为：would, could, might+ 动词原形。
C．wish用于对过去的事实表示一种不可能实现的愿望时，宾语从句中的谓语动词形式为：had+动词过去分词或could, would + have +动词过去分词。
The picture exhibition bored me to death; I wish I had not gone to it.---"I let Joe borrow our radio for the afternoon."---"That's all right, but I wish he would buy one of his own."I wish that he weren't so lazy.(2)had hoped引起的宾语从句中备用语动词形式为would+动词原形，表示一种过去未实现的愿望或令人失望的事。
His father had hoped that his son would go to business with him, but his son became an artist later.(3)would (had) rather, would as soon, would sooner和would prefer所引起的从句中要求用过去式表示当时或将来的情况，用过去完成时表示过去的情况，表示希望或婉转的责备。
易错点09 情态动词和虚拟语气(4大陷阱)-备战2024年高考英语考试易错题(解析版)
易错点09情态动词和虚拟语气目录01易错陷阱（4大陷阱）02举一反三【易错点提醒一】情态动词基本用法易混易错点【易错点提醒二】情态动词表判断推测易混易错点【易错点提醒三】情态动词后+have done易混易错点【易错点提醒四】虚拟语气易混易错点03易错题通关易错陷阱1：情态动词基本用法易混易错点。
【分析】功能：情态动词不能单独作谓语，后跟动词原形共同构成谓语。
形式：情态动词没有人称和数的变化。
否定形式是多数情态动词的否定式是在情态动词的后面加not。
时态：个别情态动词有现在式和过去式两种形式，过去式用来表达更加客气、委婉的语气。
位置：情态动词在谓语之前；谓语动词前若有助动词，则在助动词之前。
疑问句中在主语之前。
【高频考点】1.can/could表能力、请求、可能性(表示可能性用于否定句及疑问句中)；特殊句型：can not...too.../enough(再怎么……也不过分)、can't help but do sth.(不得不做某事)、can't wait to do sth.(迫不及待地做某事)。
2.may/might表较小的可能性；表示请求许可以及祝愿。
句型和搭配：may/might as well do表示“还是……好；最好……”；may well do表示“很可能”；may可以用来表示祝愿，用“may＋主语＋动词原形”结构。
May you succeed.祝你成功。
3.must表示非常肯定的推测；表“偏要；非要……不可”；mustn't意为“禁止”，表示“不必”应用needn't。
4.shall的用法用于第二、三人称的陈述句中，表命令、警告、许诺或威胁等，语气强于should；用于第一、三人称的疑问句中，表示征询意见。
5.should/ought toshould表责任、义务、劝告、建议等，意为“应该”，还可表出乎意料的语气，意为“竟然”；ought to表义务或责任，意为“应该”。
2020年高考英语语法讲解及考点练习虚拟语气含解析202101181169
虚拟语气重难点分析虚拟语气是英语中一个较大的语法项目，高考语法填空和短文改错都曾经设过考点，考生应予以重视。
英语中的语气分为陈述语气、祈使语气、虚拟语气、疑问语气和感叹语气五类。
虚拟语气表示说话人的愿望、假设、猜测或建议，而不是表示客观存在的事实。
此外如需表达主观愿望或某种强烈的感情时，也可用虚拟语气。
虚拟语气通过谓语动词的特殊形式来表示。
一、虚拟语气在从句中的用法和构成一览表二、其他要注意的事项1. 虚拟语气中出现be的过去式，在口语中，当主语是第一、三人称单数时，可用was，但在if的倒装句中只能用were。
如：Were I you, I would apologize to her. 如果我是你的话，我就会去向她道歉。
2. suggest表“暗示、表明”和insist表“坚持认为”时，其后的宾语从句用陈述语气。
如：Your pale face suggests that you are ill. 你苍白的脸色表明你生病了。
He insisted that he was right. 他坚持认为他是对的。
(如insist表“坚持要求”时，其后的宾语从句则要用虚拟语气)3. if虚拟语气条件句中如有had, should, were，可省略if，并将这些词提前引起倒装。
如：Were I you, I would remain. 如果我是你，我会留下来。
Had you told me earlier, I wouldn’t have missed it. 如果你早点告诉我，我就不会错过它了。
4. 可用without, but for构成的介词短语代替虚拟语气条件句。
如：But for your help, I would have failed the exam. 如果没有你的帮助，我不会通过考试的。
Without water, there would be no life. 没有水，就没有生命。
2020年高考英语易错题集锦 虚拟语气中的时态
虚拟语气中的时态（要点精讲）虚拟语气表示说话人的主观愿望或纯假设情况，是说话人的心情和心理态度的表示，而这种表示在英语中是通过动词时态的变化来体现的。
一、虚拟语气用于if条件句中1．表达与现在事实相反：If＋S＋过去式/were，S＋would/should/could/might＋动词原形If I were not sick, I would make a trip round the world.＝As I am sick, I will not make a trip round the world.如果没有生病，我会环游世界。
If I had a lot of money, I would buy a new car.=As I have not a lot of money, I cannot buy a new car.如果我有很多钱，我会买辆新车。
He would tell me if he knew, but he does not know anything about it.如果他知道他会告诉我，但是他一点儿都不知道。
2．表达与过去事实相反：If＋S＋had＋过去分词，S＋would/should/could/might＋have ＋过去分词If I had got our director’s consent, I would have gone to America at once.＝As I did not get our director’s consent, I did not go to America at once.如果得到主任的同意，我就马上去美国了。
If you had left home at six, you could have caught the train.=As you did not leave home at six, you could not catch the train.如果你在六点钟离家，你本可以赶上火车的。
2020年高考英语难点突破22：虚拟语气
难点22 虚拟语气虚拟语气是动词的一种特殊形式。
它用来表示所说的不是事实，或者是不可能发生的情况，而是一种愿望，建议或是与事实相反的假设。
●难点磁场1.(★★★★)Jane’s face suggested that she________ ill,and her parents suggested that she________ a medical examination.A.be;should haveB.was;haveC.should be;hadD.was;has2.(★★★★)You didn’t let me drive.If we________ in turn,you________ so tired.A.drove;didn’t getB.drove;wouldn’t getC.were driving;wouldn’t getD.had driven;wouldn’t have got3.(★★★★)How I wish every family________ a large house with a beautiful garden. (2002上海春季)A.hasB.hadC.will haveD.had had●案例探究1.I wish I ________ you yesterday.A.seenB.did seeC.had seenD.were to see命题意图：此题旨在考查wish后加宾语从句表示可实现的愿望。
此题属四星级题。
知识依托：wish+宾语从句表示不可实现的愿望，译为“……就好了，但愿……”错解分析：A、B、D项都不是跟过去事实相反的虚拟语气结构。
解题方法与技巧：掌握wish后宾语从句的三种谓语动词结构。
答案：C2.I suggested that the meeting________ till tomorrow morning.A.should put offB.be put offC.is put offD.will put off命题意图：此题旨在考查suggest （建议）后加宾语从句，从句谓语动词的用法。
(完整)2019-2020年高考英语虚拟语气考点透视
2019-2020年高考英语虚拟语气考点透视虚拟语气是历年高考的选考考点。
考点常集中在含蓄条件句以及宾语从句中的虚拟语气上。
所设选项常通过谓语动词的特殊形式来表示，而且都是结合具体语境来考查对考点的运用能力。
今后高考对虚拟语气的命题重点仍会是在特定语境中考查虚拟语气中的含蓄虚拟条件句、宾语从句中的谓语动词等。
常考点清单考点一、条件句中虚拟语气的用法①从句省略if, 用倒装句式"were, had, should+主语”Were I in school again, I would work harder.Had you been here earlier, you would have seen him. Should there be a meeting tomorrow, I would e.Without air, there would be no living things. I would not have succeeded but for your help.③有时条件从句中的动作和结果从句中的动作发生的时间不一致，如：If he had followed the doctor’s advice, he would be quite all right now.考例1.____he had not hurt his leg; John would have won the race. (07全国)A IfB SinceC thoughD When答案: A2. But for your help, we ______the work so soon.（01上海）A won’t finishB can’t finishC wouldn’t finishD couldn’t have finished答案: D考点二、wish 引导的宾语从句中虚拟语气的用法wish其后的宾语从句有以下三种虚拟语气形式：①动词用过去式来说明与现在的事实相反(be动词常用were)。
2020高考英语 最后30天语法精讲 虚拟语气
2020;2020高考英语最后30天语法精讲虚拟语气１、If 条件句时间从句主句与现在相反过去式woul d / should /could / might do与过去相反 had done would / should / could have done与将来相反①过去式② were to do③ should dowould /should /could / might doIf I were you, I would leave now.If you had asked me yesterday, I could have told you.If it should rain tomorrow, we couldn’t climb.NOTICE: 错综时间条件句（根据所表示的时间调整）If you had followed me, you wouldn’t miss the train now.２、主语从句中的虚拟①It is (was) important (necessary, strange ) that-clauseIt’s necessary that you (should) be present at the meeting.②It is (was) ordered (suggested, required, requested) that-clause It was ordered that the room (should) be cleaned.3、wish + that-clause①现在的愿望：I wish that you weren’t so lazy.②过去的愿望：I wish that you hadn’t hurt Jim so much.③将来的愿望：I wish you wouldn’t talk like that.--- Have you ever studied French ?--- No, but I wish I had.４、表语从句和同位语从句中的虚拟通常由几个要求接虚拟语气的名词引起：order, demand, suggestionHe gave orders that the test (should) be fin ished before 5:30.His suggestion is that the house (should) be built there.５、宾语从句中的虚拟下列动词后的宾语从句用虚拟语气：demand, insist, order, require, etc. The judge ordered that the thief (should) not be punished.NOTICE: ①suggest “暗示，表明“Her expression suggested that he was angry.②insist “坚持认为是怎么回事”The Arab insisted that he had never seen the camel.He insisted that John (should) do it.6、状语从句中的虚拟①as if (though)●与现在相反，从句用过去时He talks as if he knew everything.●与过去相反，从句用过去完成时He looks (looked) as if she had wept.●客观事实，从句用陈述句语气It looks as if you are tired.②so that, even if (though)Nothing could have saved him even if he had been tended .7、由介词短语引起的虚拟语气①without : Without your help, I shouldn’t get a result.②but for”若非“： But for you, we couldn’t have carried out the plan.8、句型①It’s time + that-clause (指现在或将来）It’s time that you went to school .( should go to school)②would rather + that-clause（指现在或将来）I’d rather you went home now.Don’t come tomorrow, I’d rather you came next week.③what if… “如果… 怎么办?“What if they should come here ?9、虚拟语气的倒装Were I you, I would leave now.Had you asked me yesterday, I could have told you.Should it rain tomorrow, we couldn’t climb.EXERCISES:1.We last night, but we went to the concert instead. A. wouldstudyA. must have studied C. might study D. should have studied2.---When can I come for the photos? I need them tomorrow afternoon.---They be ready by 12:00. A. can B. should C. might D. need3. ---Will you stay for lunc h? ---Sorry, . My brother iscoming tosee me. A. I can’t B. I mustn’t C. I needn’t D. I won’t4. ---Write to me when you get home. --- .A..I mustB. I shouldC.I willD. I can5. The fire spread through the hotel very quickly but everyone get out.A. had toB. wouldC. was able toD. could6. Tom ought not to me your secret, but he meant no harm.A. have toldB. tellC. be tellingD. having told7. A computer think for itself, it must be told what to do.A. can’tB. couldn’tC. may notD. might not8. Peter come with us tonig ht, but he isn’t very sure yet.A. mustB. mayC. canD. will(DBACCAAB)。
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虚拟语气考点◆典型陷阱题分析◆1. I forget where I read the article, or I _____ it to you now.A. will showB. would showC. am going to showD. am showing【陷阱】几个干扰项均有可能误选。
【分析】正确答案选B。
根据上文的语境可知句中的 or 隐含有一个虚拟的条件，即or=if I didn’t forget where I read the article（要是我没忘记我在哪儿读过这篇文章的话——但事实上忘了）。
2.“It looks as if he were drunk.” “So it does. _____.”A. He’d better give up drinkingB. He shouldn’t have drunk so muchC. Health is more important than drinkD. I wonder why he is always doing so【陷阱】几个干扰项均有可能误选，主要是受句中 drunk 一词的影响。
【分析】最佳答案为D。
关键信息是It looks as if he were drunk 中的虚拟语气，句子既然用了虚拟语气，也就是说，“他喝醉了”不是事实，只是他的言行好像是醉了，所以此题的最佳答案是D。
3.“M ary looks hot and dry” “So _____ you if you had so hi gh a fever.”A. doB. areC. willD. would【陷阱】容易误选A或C。
选A者，认为前后两句的动词性质应一致；选C者，认为其后带有if 条件状语从句，从语气上看，主句应用将来时态。
【分析】此题最佳答案为D。
分析如下：(1) “so + 助动词 + 主语”是一个很有用的结构，它表示“……也一样”时。
如：He likes to watch TV, and so do I. 他喜欢看电视，我也一样。
When animals and plants disappear, so will man. 当动植物消失的时候，人类也会随之消失。
(2) 由于空格后的 if 条件状语从句的谓语用的是虚拟语气（这是很重要的信息），所以主句要用 would 而不用 will，即答案应选D。
4.“He will come tomorro w.” “But I’d rather he _____ the day after tomorrow.”A. will comeB. is comingC. cameD. had come【陷阱】容易误选A或B。
根据上文的 He will come tomorrow 以及下文的时间状语 the day after tomorrow 似乎都表明空白处应填一个一般将来时态。
【分析】但此题的最佳答案是 C。
按照英语习惯，would rather 后接that 从句时，从句谓语通常要用虚拟语气，即用过去式表示现在或将来，用过去完成时表示过去。
又如：I’d rather you left right now. 我宁愿你现在就离开。
I would much rather it was forgotten. 我更愿这事被遗忘掉。
I’d rather he hadn’t told me about it. 我宁愿他没告诉我这事。
请再做以下试题(答案均为B)：(1) “Shall I come tomorrow ?” “I’d rather you ______.”A. won’tB. didn’tC. don’tD. wouldn’t(2) “I’ve told him about it.” “But I’d rather you ______.”A. didn’tB. hadn’tC. don’tD. wouldn’t(3) “He will take you as well.” “But I’d rather he ______.”A. won’tB. didn’tC. doesn’tD. wouldn’t5.All the doctors in the hospital insisted that he ____ badly wounded and that he ____ at once.A. should be; be operated onB. were; must be operated onC. was; should be operatedD. was; be operated on【陷阱】几个干扰项均有可能误选。
【分析】最佳答案选 D。
insist后的从句谓语有时用“should+动词原形”这样的虚拟语气，有时不用，具体要看该谓语动词所表示的含义。
一般说来，若该谓语动词所表示的动作尚未发生，或尚未成为事实，则用虚拟语气；若该谓语动词所表示的动作已经发生，或已经成为事实，则要用陈述语气。
分析上题的句意，可知只有选D最合适。
请做以下类似试题（答案选B）：(1) The patient insisted that he _______ ill and _______ to the hospital.A. wasn’t, wasn’t sentB. was n’t, shouldn’t be sentC. shouldn’t be, wasn’t sentD. shouldn’t be, shouldn’t be sent(2) The man in prison insisted that he _______ nothing wrong and _______ set free.A. should do, should beB. had done, should beC. had done, had beenD. should do, had been(3) I advised that he ______ to the hospital at once, but he insisted that he ______ quite well then.A. was sent; feltB. be sent; was feelingC. he sent; feelD. should be sent; should feel6. ______ smoking, he would not have got cancer in the lung.A. Was he given upB. Had he given upC. Did he giveD. If he gave up【陷阱】容易误选 D。
【分析】正确答案应选B。
之所以不能选D，是因为时态前后有矛盾。
由于主句谓语是would not have got，这表明是对过去事实作出的假设，所以从句谓语应该是 had given up，而不是像D项那样用一般过去时。
另外，当虚拟条件句中有 had, should, were 等词时，通常可以省略 if，并将 had, should, were 提前置于句首。
又如：Were they to cease advertising, prices would come down.= If they were to cease advertising, prices would come down. 如果他们停止做广告，价钱会降下来。
Had I been there, I would have filmed the occasion.= If I had been there, I would have filmed the occasion. 如果我在那里，我会把那场面拍摄下来了。
◆精编陷阱题训练◆1.“I still haven’t thanked Aunt Lucy for her present.” “It’s time you _____.”A. doB. didC. hadD. would2.If I hadn’t been lucky enough to meet you. I really _____ what I would have done.A. don’t knowB. hadn’t kno wnC. wasn’t knowingD. wouldn’t know3.“I’ve told everyone about it.” “Oh, I’d rather you _____.”A. don’tB. hadn’tC. couldn’tD. wouldn’t4.It has been raining for a day, but even though it hadn’t rained, we _____ there by tomorrow.A. can’t getB. won’t getC. hadn’t gotD. wouldn’t get5.“Do you know his address?” “No, I also wish I _____ where he _____.”A. knew, liveB. knew, livesC. know, livesD. know, lived6.“Isn’t it about time you _____ to do morning exercises?” “Yes, it is. Would you l ike to join us?”A. beginB. have begunC. beganD. had begun7. It is hard for me to imagine what I would be doing today if I ____ in love, at the age of seven, with the Melinda Cox Library in my hometown.A. wouldn’t have fallenB. had not fallenC. should fallD. were to fall8.He hesitated for a moment before kicking the ball, otherwise he ____ a goal.A. had scoredB. scoredC. would scoreD. would have scored9. If only he _______ quietly as the doctor instructed, he would not suffer so much now.A. liesB. layC. had lainD. should lie10.Without the air to hold some of the sun’s heat, the earth at night ____ for us to live.A. would be freezing coldB. will be freezing coldlyC. would be frozen coldD. can freeze coldly11. Yesterday, Jane walked away from the discussion. Otherwise, she ____ something she would regret later.A. had saidB. saidC. might sayD. might have said12.You didn’t let me drive. If we ____ in turn, you ____ so tired.A. drove; didn’t getB. drove; wouldn’t getC. were driving; wouldn’t getD. had driven; wouldn’t have got13. When a pencil is partly in a glass of water, it looks as if it ______.A. breaksB. has brokenC. were brokenD. had been broken14. But for the help you gave me, I _______ the examinations.A. would have passedB. would passC. wouldn’t have passedD. wouldn’t pass【答案与解析】1.选B。