INTRODUCTION
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nature对introduction的要求
Introduction 占全文比例10-15$\%$左右,字数控制在400-500字为宜。
在这一部分,你需要提出科学问题、研究假说,并向读者简要概述你的主题和研究的原因,设置研究背景并给读者留下良好的第一印象。
在写作过程中,你应该注意逻辑清晰,段落内容安排合理。
可以采用“起承转合”的四步心法框架结构和“漏斗式”的模式,逐步细化研究领域和背景介绍,给读者一个清晰的思路。
同时,你应该使用适当的参考文献来支撑你的观点,让读者感觉到你对研究的自信心。
请注意,不同的期刊和学科可能会对 Introduction部分有不同的要求,因此在写作之前,最好查阅相关的投稿指南或阅读往期的文章,以确保符合投稿要求。
用introduction造句-回复1. As an introduction to the class, I would like to welcome everyone and outline the course objectives.2. The introduction of new technology has greatly improved our productivity in the workplace.3. In his speech, the speaker provided a brief introduction to the topic and then delved deeper into its complexities.4. I will begin my presentation with a brief introduction to the history of the company.5. The book's introduction provides a captivating overview of the plot, enticing readers to delve into the story.6. As an introduction to our vacation destination, let me share some stunning photos of the beaches and landmarks.7. The introduction of renewable energy sources has been instrumental in addressing climate change issues.8. The introduction of stricter security measures has significantly reduced theft in our neighborhood.9. In the introduction of the research paper, the author presents the problem statement and research questions.10. The introduction of a balanced diet and regular exercise can greatly improve one's overall health.11. As an introduction to our new employee, let me give you somebackground information about their qualifications and experience.12. The introduction of a new product line has boosted our company's sales and attracted a wider customer base.13. The introduction of foreign languages as part of the school curriculum enhances students' cultural awareness and communication skills.14. The introduction of an online booking system has streamlined the reservation process and improved customer satisfaction. 15. As an introduction to our project, we will demonstrate a prototype that showcases the key features and functionality.。
introduction英语解释An introduction is a way to begin a conversation, a presentation, or a written piece. It's like the first handshake that sets the tone for the whole encounter. It gives a glimpse of what's coming next and makes people curious to hear more. In a speech, an introduction might catch your attention with a funny anecdote or a thought-provoking question. In writing, it might draw you in with a vivid description or an intriguing fact. It's that little hook that makes you want to stick around and find out more.When introducing something to a friend, it's like showing them a new toy and saying, "Hey, look at this!Isn't it cool?" You want to share the excitement and make them interested in what you're about to reveal. An introduction in a book or article might be more formal, but it still serves the same purpose to grab the reader's attention and make them want to dive deeper into the subject.Think of an introduction as the appetizer before the main course. It whets your appetite, gives you a taste of what's to come, and makes you eager for the rest. It's that brief moment that sets the stage and prepares you for the journey ahead.And let's not forget, introductions are not just about what's coming next. They're also about who's bringing it to you.。
INTRODUCTION结构框架:1、论文涉及到的选题和核心概念的文献回顾.(1)研究领域(2)前人工作(3)问题所在(4)本文贡献1.Begin the Introduction by providing a concise background account of the problem studied.研究背景介绍)2.State the objective of the investigation.Your research objective is the most important part of the introduction.(研究的必要性)3.Establish the significance of your work: Why was there a need to conduct the study?(研究的意义)4.Introduce the reader to the pertinent literature. Do not give a full history of the topic. Only quote previous work having direct bearing on the present problem.5.Clearly state your hypothesis, the variables investigated, and concisely summarize the methods used.6.Define any abbreviations or specialized terms.7.Provide a concise discussion of the results and findings of other studies so the reader understands the big picture.8.Describe some of the major findings presented in your manuscript and explain how they contribute to the larger field of research.9.State the principal conclusions derived from your results.10.Identify any questions left unanswered and any new questions generated by your study.abstract例句:精美句子总结:To the author’s knowledge*****,There is little information available in literature about ****We conducted this study to determine wether******。
SCI科技论文Introduction四步法写作技巧SCI论文的Introduction应该回答"为什么"的问题:你为什么选择该主题进行研究;为什么它很重要;为什么你采用了特定的方法或途径;等等。
你也可以将Introduction看作是指出本领域内的gap的部分(你的result和discussion需要填补这个gap); Introduction也可以用来在广泛的研究领域中定义和主张自己的领域(立“山头”)。
Introduction的另一项工作是提供一些背景信息并设定背景。
您可以通过描述您考虑的研究问题或提出的研究问题(在论文的主体部分,您将提供问题的解决方案或问题的答案),并简要回顾过去尝试过的任何其他解决方案或方法来完成这项工作。
学位论文通常有一个单独的、标题为"文献综述"的章节,但研究论文没有这样的部分;但是,Introduction中包含了简要的综述。
既然你已经给出并设定了背景,那么Introduction的最后一部分既应该明确论文中描述的实验方法或分析研究的目标,也应该包括具体的细节或论文后面要回答的具体问题。
Introduction一般包含三个段落,约占一般研究论文正文总字数的10%,采用“倒金字塔式”写法。
四步法写Introduction1. 提供背景资料,设置背景Introduction的这一初始部分为读者准备了后面更详细、更具体的信息。
前几句一般都是概括性的。
以下是一些例子:一篇关于土壤中有机物的论文可以这样开头:"可持续的作物生产是土壤的物理、化学和生物特性的函数,而这些特性又明显地受到土壤中有机物的影响。
”一篇讨论细菌在治疗癌症方面可能发挥的有益作用的论文,可以这样开头。
"细菌作为抗癌剂的作用早在一百年前就被认识到了。
”一篇关于锂电池的论文可以用以下句子来介绍研究内容:“锂离子电池的快速增长及其新的用途,如为电动汽车提供动力和为电网供应储存电能,这就要求有更可靠的方法来了解和预测电池的性能和寿命。
INTRODUCTION写法
一般为三段论
【A 】概论。
研究对象和研究问题,研究对象是什么、意义何在。
研究的问题有哪些,我要研究什么。
本人一般就用四句话说清楚,不多不少。
【B】问题。
别人的研究概况,并指出问题,举2-4个最新例子或观点,每个一句话要有层次!并用1-2句话最后指出问题。
【C】我要做什么。
研究问题的具体诉述。
本论文采用什么新方法、观念、有什么新发现(注意不是结论,但要卖关子的),本方法的意义。
一般4-5句话。
总之,我的INTRODUCTION一般不超过700 Words。
另外,Abstract我喜欢的写法
一个总的原则就是结构化(逻辑上的和数据上的!)
第一句话概括本论文的研究问题。
第二句话就是本论文的发现,
一般喜欢用
(i);
(ii);
and(iii),
最后一句话总结意义。
注意(i)、(ii)and(iii)的逻辑关系!
并且一定要用短句,言简意赅!
外国人尤其是美国人不喜欢用那么多有定语的或意思转进的复合长句!
总的说来,前言要从宏观到一般问题再到具体问题,逐层叙述。
a. 首先一般要讲所研究问题在这一领域内的重要性或者提供背景信息
b. 其次要叙述所研究地区能够解决的诸多问题
c. 在这一地区已经开展的前人工作。
一般可以按时间先后顺序列出前人工作的重点
d. 提出前人工作的不足,从而转折到自己要做的重点问题
e. 总结自己的观点
在总结部份,提出自己预期的目标以及有待改进的问题。
INTRODUCTIONAirbus Group is committed to the highest standards of ethics & Compliance and to conduct business with integrity in accordance with all applicable laws.空中客车集团以最高的商业伦理道德标准为要求并根据现行的法律,全面致力于业务经营。
(难)Integrity and transparency are as important to our success as innovation, quality and safety. Upholding these traits fosters our most valuable asset, our reputation as a trustworthy, reliable company.诚信和透明对我们的成功所起到的作用和创新质量和安全一样重要。
坚持这些特征是我们最宝贵的财富,能够维护我们公司值得信赖的,可靠的名誉。
(难)Acting with integrity preserves this asset and strengthens our relationship with our customers, suppliers, and other business partners.以诚信行事传承了这些优点,并加强了我们与客户,供应商和其他商业伙伴的关系。
Key AIRBUS GROUP Document to References空中客车集团重要的参考文献Airbus Group Standards of Business Conduct空客集团商业行为准则§EMPLOYEE DUTIES员工的职责Employees are required to diligently and faithfully perform duties to the best of their abilities and comply with Company rules and regulations.员工需要尽最大的努力忠实地履行自己的职责并遵守公司规章制度。
Employees shall conduct themselves professionally, ethically, within legal and socially responsible behavior while performing their duties.员工在履行自己的职责时,承担法律和社会责任,并展示出自己专业的,符合伦理的一面,§ANTI-BRIBERY反贿赂No AIRBUS GROUP employees may engage in any kind of corruption, whether public or private. We may never offer, attempt to offer, authorize or promise any sort of bribe, facilitation payment or kickback to a public official or private body for the purpose of obtaining or retaining business or an improper advantage. Likewise, we must never solicit or accept a bribe or kickback from a public official or private body.空客集团员工不得从事任何形式的腐败,无论是公共或私人机构。
我们永远不会向为了得到或维护商业关系和不正当的优势的公共官方或私人机构提供,试图提供,授权或承诺提供任何形式的贿赂,便利支付的机会。
同样,我们必须从不从公共官方或私人机构征求或接受贿赂或回扣。
In addition, we must never hire someone else to do anything that we cannot ethically or legally do ourselves.此外,我们绝不雇用别人来做任何违背伦理或法律的事情。
We must apply our anti-corruption policies in the negotiation and execution of commercial contracts as well as to mergers and acquisitions and other在商业合同的谈判和执行以及合并与收购等活动中,我们必须运用反腐败政策。
Key AIRBUS GROUP Document to ReferencesBusiness Ethics Policy, Processes and Guidelines商业道德政策,流程和指南§GIFT AND HOSPITALITY礼品与招待Business courtesies, such as gifts and hospitality, given to or received from customers, suppliers and other partners are commonly used to build goodwill and acknowledge appreciation in business relationships. However, these courtesies must reflect a normal courtesy of business and may not influence, or give the appearance of influencing, any business decision.Good judgment should always guide us in these situations. Business courtesies are prohibited by law under certain circumstances and in certain countries. We must each follow the policies that apply to us. Gifts of cash or cash equivalents, such as gift certificates and vouchers, are never permitted.商务礼节,比如礼物和款待,是给予或接收来自客户、供应商和其他合作伙伴且通常用于在业务关系中建立商誉和承认升值。
然而,这些礼节必须反映业务,不得影响正常的礼貌,或影响任何的业务决定。
在这些情况下应该用良好的判断力来引导我们。
法律上禁止商业礼节用在某些特定情况和某些国家。
我们必须各自遵循适用于我们的准则。
现金礼物或现金等价物,例如礼券和代金券,是绝对不允许的Key AIRBUS GROUP Document to ReferencesGift and Hospitality China Country Matrix礼物和款待中国国家矩阵§CONFLICT OF INTEREST利益冲突As part of our efforts to protect AIRBUS GROUP’ reputation and ensure we are acting on the basis of what is best for the Company, we must avoid both actual and apparent conflicts of interest at all times, and if we cannot avoid a conflict of interest, we must make it known to our supervisor. 我们应努力保护空中客车集团的声誉并确保我们做事是基于对公司有益的原则,我们必须避免实际和明显的利益冲突,如果我们遇到不能避免的利益冲突,必须向我们的主管汇报。
In particular, when hiring current and former public officials or government employees, we should comply with all applicable laws, regulations and directives, including those dealing with conflicts of interest. These rules extend to negotiations or contracts with government employees relating to potential employment by AIRBUS GROUP either on the payroll or as consultants or subcontractors.特别是当招聘现任和前任政府官员或政府雇员时,我们应该遵守所有适用的法律,法规和指令,包括那些处理利益冲突的规则。
这些规则适应于空客集团与政府雇员谈判或签订相关的潜在就业问题的合同就工资或顾问或分包商方面的问题。
Key AIRBUS GROUP Document to ReferencesConflict of Interest Policy for China与中国利益相冲突的政策§EXPORT CONTROL出口管制As a global company, we purchase goods and services from a diverse group of suppliers. We also provide goods and services to customers all over the world. It is therefore critical that we carefully comply with all applicable regulations that govern our import and export activities.This is a complex legal and regulatory environment. The Export Compliance organization can answer any questions regarding the import or export of goods, services or information.Key AIRBUS GROUP Document to ReferencesExport Control Directive§CONDUCTING RESPONSIBLE SOURCINGBy engaging in responsible sourcing, we aim to achieve long-term relationships with suppliers who accept the principles of our Standards of Business Conduct. We aim to work with best-in-class suppliers that embrace the highest integrity standards.We expect our supplier base to understand, share and adhere to our business ethics standards. Suppliers may be asked to provide evidence of the application of these principles as appropriate, in particular in the areas of business ethics, anti-corruption, human rights, labor standards and environmental sustainability.Key AIRBUS GROUP Document to ReferencesGrowing Together – Supplier Code of Conduct§PERSONAL DATA PROTECTIONAirbus Group collects processes and uses personal data of its employees and partners to fulfil its operational activities. We comply with obligations resulting from various regulations and, as applicable, with any local laws and regulations concerning how individual personal data is collected, processed and used. We must always respect and protect the privacy of our employees, customers, suppliers and partners.Key AIRBUS GROUP Document to ReferencesAIRBUS GROUP Binding Corporate Rules§CONFIDENTIAL DISCLOSURE PROGRAMMEBecause the right answer is not always obvious, all employees are strongly encouraged to openly communicate and to clarify their questions or concerns. Employees can approach the Business Compliance Representatives, our trained and trusted advisors, who can also help navigate the challenges they may encounter.Airbus Group maintains a confidential disclosure program, referred to as the Open Line that allows employees to report suspected violations of laws and regulations. Airbus Group has established a toll free number and a dedicated website that can be used for confidential reporting.·NON RETALIATION PRINCIPLEAIRBUS GROUP will not tolerate retaliation against employees making reports in good faith and/or assisting in investigations of suspected violations of laws or internal regulations.Key AIRBUS GROUP Document to ReferencesOpenLine Policy开放政策Airbus Group Policy for Investigation。