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《人口的合理容量》教案4(新人教版必修2)

《人口的合理容量》教案4(新人教版必修2)
《人口的合理容量》教案4(新人教版必修2)

第三节环境承载力与合理人口容量(共2课时)

一、课标要求:

说出环境承载力与人口合理容量的区别

二、教学目标

1.理解环境承载力的概念和影响环境承载力的因素。

2.理解合理人口容量的含义。

3.认识我国的环境人口容量,深刻理解我国实施计划生育和环境保护的重大意义,树

立正确的人口观、资源观和环境观。

4.通过阅读和分析各类图表,培养读图、读表能力。

三、教学重点:

环境承载力的影响因素、合理人口容量。

四、教学难点:

环境承载力与合理人口容量的区别。

五、教学方法:

图表法、比较法、案例分析法、举例法、讨论法

六、课时安排

共2课时

七、教学过程

新课导入:同学们有没有想过我们地球上最多能容纳多少人?地球上容纳多少人适合?

今天我们就来学习第三节环境承载力与合理人口容量

〖活动1〗课本P18图1-3-1(计算机模拟的未来趋势)分析

(1)2000年以后世界人口的增长有何特点?

(2)在人口增长、粮食增长、自然资源、工业生产

和污染五个因素中,哪个因素的发展变化会导

致其他因素的变化?

(3)当资源不断减少、污染不断增加时,人们的生

活质量会发生怎样的变化?这些变化反映了什

么问题?

〖活动2〗探索河流淡水资源对环境承载力的影响

(1)从河流淡水饼状图中找出河流淡水总量居于前三位的大洲和总量最少的大洲; (2)对照人口比重饼状图,你认为那些大洲会出现水源短缺问题?

(3)为何各大洲的水资源总量与人口总量占世界的比重不一样?说明影响环境承载力大小的因素有哪些?

(4)为什么世界上许多国家和地区正面临着淡水资源不足的危机?

下图是人口增长与土地资源减少的动态关系图,请同学们在它们之间加上因果关系的箭头。

〖活动4〗阅读教材第20页,《地球到底能承载多少人口》

然后展示下图,让学生谈一谈自己对地球环境承载量的看法

小结:可以乐观的相信,地球的人口增长不会达到自然环境的最高人口容量,因为科技水平在不断提高,新科技能为人类的生存和发展提供更为广阔的未来;另外人类对其自身与自然界的关系的认识不断加深,已能主动调节人口增长与环境关系,世界人口增长已得到有效控制。但是乐观的态度并不表示忽视环境承载力估计的意义。

〖活动5〗请你说出环境承载力和人口合理容量的区别(小组合作完成下表)

〖活动6〗根据以下两段材料区别环境人口容量和合理人口容量

材料一:20世纪80年代后期,中国科学院开展了我国土地资源生产能力及人口容量的研究工作。从土地资源的生产能力估测,全国耕地面积保持1.23亿公顷,播种面积1.93

亿公顷,粮食总产量8.3亿吨,若以年人均消费粮食500千克、550千克和600千

克三个方案测算,我国耕地面积可承载人口的极限分别为16.6亿、15.1亿、13.8

亿。最多能养活16亿人。

材料二:一些专家根据我国的资源、人体营养和文化教育等条件,尤其是对我国耕地、草原和水资源利用状况进行分析,预测我国的人口容量为8亿-9亿人。如保证人民能

获取所需营养,我国人口应控制在10亿之内;如果按照美国的消费水平,我国人

口大致应控制在7亿之内。

问题:

(1)材料一是指;材料二是指。

(2)提高我国合理人口容量应该采取哪些措施?

八、板书设计:

【评价设计】

读最佳人口规模示意图,回答问题(多选

..)。

(1)图中反映的人口规模属于()

A.P为较低生产力水平条件下的合理人口容量

B.P’为环境承载力

C.P’为较高生产力水平条件下的合理人口容量D.P为环境承载力生活质量

(2)图中反映了()

A.人口规模与生活质量呈正相关关系

B.人口规模与生活质量呈负相关关系

C.当人口水平低于最佳人口规模时,人口的增长将导致生活质量的提高

D.当人口水平高于最佳人口规模时,人口的增长将导致生活质量的下降

(3)下面因素中可能使最佳人口规模扩大的是()

A.新资源的不断发现B.科学技术进步

C.自然资源的开发利用效率提高D.地域开放程度提高,实现资源互补

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