建筑给排水
毕业设计外文资料翻译
系别：
专业：给排水工程
班级：2005085
姓名：李玉
学号：200508506
外文出处：Wan Fang foreign languages
（用外文写）
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1、外文原文（复印件）
Supplying and draining waterin hospital construction
With the fact that modern medicine science promptness develops,new technique,the new armamentarium are continuing without end,modernized medical treatment thereby consonant with that is building a hospital,are also are confronted with new design idea and new technology applying.Disregarding secondary hospital building function,what whose gets along environment, still,finclause the hospital builds equipment and is equipped with system,the request is without exception higher and higher.Because of it is to ensure daily work living not only need the rapid and intense life relevance recovering from the illness,avoiding crippling,rescuing,and promote with giving treatment to a patient.Not only the design accomplishing to the special field draining away water need to satisfy the request being unlike a function in hospital building on equipment, but also safety is be obliged to reliable.Following is built according to the hospital.
一HOSPITAL GIVES A SEWERAGE
1)Modernized hospital equipment and equipment system content is numerous,the function is peculiar,the request is very high.Except demanding to swear to continue supplying with the use water according with quality level sufficiently,need more according to demand of different medical treatment instrument and different administrative or tehcnical office to water quality, water pressure,the water temperature,classify setting up water treatment system and be in progress to system to increase pressure reduction.
2)The hospital operating rooms,the delivery room operation the water hygiene,saliva washing hands by shower bath water,the dentistry dentistry chair ought to adopt the water purifying degassing.In the homeland few are large-scale,the high rank hospital centre supplies a room,the centre disinfecting has also adopted to purify the water disinfecting,now that swear to there be no dust,the sterility,to remove the pathopoiesia source,to avoid the blockage infecting, cutting down equipment microtubule.
3)Hospital preparation rooms preparation uses water to adopt distilled water,and sets up in making distilled water system to have part pressure boost facilities.The handicraft responds to according to different hospital preparation handicraft but fixes concrete system distilled water, should satisfy demand of whose handicraft to water quality,water yield,water pressure act in close coordination that the preparation handicraft reserves corresponding to drain-pipe and
allocation chilled water circulatory system by the special field draining away water.
4)Hospital operating rooms,delivery rooms,baby rooms,supply rooms,medical treatment of the dermatological department wards,door emergency call,cures skill every administrative or tehcnical office and the request difference that the staff and worker logistics branch supplies to hot water need to set up hot water respectively supplying system more.Ordinary circumstances door emergency call,cures skill administrative or tehcnical office,centre supply a room,the staff and worker logistics branch supplies hot water to water supply the regular time,the comparison supplying time is consistent.The hospital is based on major part at present financial resources, ward building hot water supplies basic to the regular time,ought to be that24hs supply hot water judging from long-term angle but.Operating room,the delivery room operation wash hands,the hygiene h by the fact that the shower bath ought to be24supplies hot water,moreover the block of wood
5)Considers beautification to the environment,is inadvisable to adopt the steam boiled water stove,completely eradicates occurrence aroused the ward building pantry inner floor moistness, avoided interior wall mustiness phenomenon by leak or sparse steam water implement aerofluxus thereby.The hospital disregards size,boiled water supplies to should adopt automation volume or the electricity boiled water stove,a general disease area considers one,volume ascertains that according to using condition.The first easy to protect labor is managed,two is supplying ensuring that to the patient,improves the internal environment of ward at the same time.
6)Especially infecting the section ward every door emergency call administrative or tehcnical office,every consulting room,the hand movement water curing a room,washing a basin should set up mistake chew,may adopt elbow style,knee style or dyadic switch of pedal.If using the dyadic switch of pedal to must use the product guarding against leakage,the floor is to avoid using a place often damp,makes the patient,the medical personnel slip down,an accident happened. Operation waits for the operating room,the delivery room to wash hands should adopt the constant temperature muddy water valve,the constant temperature to produce water,taking as an example infrared ray induced electromagnetic valve control mode for fine.Cure skill part control laboratory,laboratory of administrative or tehcnical office have the peculiar request,water chews the form should ascertain whose water according to every administrative or tehcnical office coming functional request chewing.
7)Many administrative or tehcnical office,especially downstream pipelines such as pickling
bath,the pool disinfecting,develop pool in administrative or tehcnical office such as checking the room,the control laboratory,emitting section responds to of hospitals are adopt to be able to bear the rotten PVC2U draining off silent stock tube.
8)Pair of filth,waste water of all kinds must classify strictly according to the country in connection with the effluent standard,the field carrying out a pertinency with different treatment handicraft deals with and handles.
9)Uses a function to need since the modern hospital needs to be satisfied with not only, wants to think that the interior outside environment is beautiful too at the same time.The building needs especially door emergency call,cures skill sometimes because of medical treatment function,give the horizontal stroke draining away water,erect a tube arrange to lie scattered comparatively,more bright dew is in interior,warm the pipeline exchanging special field up in addition sometimes,make the pipeline that the room inner clearly shows more than the correct or required number,both inelegant,and affect hygiene.This demands right away in the process of engineering design,the rational arrangement the structure form should fully utilize not being the same as is carried out,needs to make the various pipeline conceal arrangement to the full according to the function,pays attention to beautiful befitting one's position or suited to the occasion under not affecting the premise being put into use.Certainly,these require that building structure special field is dense.Tier of furred ceilings and the basement top sometimes are every special field pipeline aggregation field,every special field norm and request having every special field,each sometimes arranges if the building designs middle in the ward,whose result either increase building storey height,or cannot attend to one thing without neglecting another.For overcoming this one abuse,should think in general that bigger flue pipe arrangement be in the most superjacent,it's on the down part is that several special field arrangement props up the public space being in charge of,down part is to arrange to give draining off,driving force,strong, weak electricity every system to do a tube again.Such is arranged than form arrangement is other comparatively economical,pragmatic.
10)Exchangers forms choice.In the system the tradition hospital hot water is supplied, people adopt volume mainly dyadic exchanger.Have been to think that what be provided steam amounts and hot water supplies the adjustment amounts dispatching value between maximum value mainly,have diminished a steam boiler designing amounts,have decreased by boiler room Zhan field area,have saved one time investment.People demands but more highly,and more
highly,especially the example discovering army group bacterium pathopoiesia in life hot water to water quality now,the altitude arousing people takes seriously.Be a bacterium mainly because of in the water55~C is the easiest to breed an army group in30~C~,WHO(WHO)is recommended by for this purpose:"Hot water responds to in60~C use And cycle at least above 50~https://www.doczj.com/doc/589938812.html,e if some users,need to fall to40~C or50~C or so with the faucet water temperature, to come true being able to use a thermoregulation to blend a valve at this time.The growth being a temperature Bu Li Yu pneumonia diplococcus swear to store water,is a regulating valve's turn to should set up the place closing down and suspending operation of point in drawing near".This be especially important to the hospital.Because of being in hospital the weak having disease,if bacterium of army group happened within the hospital is to be harmful for patient to treat and recover from the illness,the hospital has a grave responsibility.At present small hospital within the hospital especially a little condition is relatively poor,include the part area level hospital,24 unable hs supply hot water,and volume the dyadic converter inner water temperature is to use echelon in inside of exchanger,the water temperature very difficult to make keeps in60~C or so. Thereby,lead to volume produce the bacterium of army group in the pipeline supplying hot water system within dyadic exchanger,change a hospital using the exchanger form to respond to be a task of top priority.Adopt half to be to heat up style or be a dyadic hot exchanger,make whose hot water supply the system water temperature keeping the water supply being in progress in all above60~C area all the time,occurrence propagating,completely eradicating the bacterium of army group in order to avoiding the bacterium of army group.
二MULTILAYER WATER SUPPLY SYSTEM
At present,great majority cities municipal administration pipe network pressure can maintain above2kilograms in the homeland,take place individual small town water pressure can reach4 kilograms even.The pressure therefore,building the municipal administration pipe network's to the same multilayer has been already sufficient,has been in a small town especially since but municipal administration pipe network water yield supplying water,water pressure fluctuation are bigger.Have several kinds the following types mainly for overcome these shortcomings, multilayer water supply system design.
1)Direct water supply type is that pressure,direct water supply,sort making use of municipal administration pipe network directly apply to slightly high area of municipal administration pipe network pressure or higher range of water works vicinity pressure inner.The
shortcoming it is water yield,water pressure to be able to not ensure that.This water supply scheme economy function is very good but,to less pipe network of scale,does not need any other equipment or measure.
2)Water box water supply types have led municipal administration pipe network water to roof water box,discrepancy in elevation,gravity depending on a water box and using the water appliance have supplied water,have overcome water pressure water yield block of wood stability and then.Since but,secondary pollution,moreover,water box volume that the water box there exists in possibility is bigger,this way does not encourage therefore.
3)Water boxes,pipe networks ally self with a type when the ordinary time water yield water pressure is sufficient,unnecessary water enters the roof water box when covering water supply, overpressure as with a net directly from municipal administration,think that the water box supplies water to the consumer by gravity automation when pressure or the water yield is insufficient.The main force who is that regular directness supplies water on physics structure stretches the top cut-over water box,sets up and one exhalent siphon from the water box.Owe a scheme the volume having diminished a water box,and make water not need to enter a water box staying this one step,hygiene reliability increase by.The problem is(that the municipal administration now pipe network can accomplish)but if longtime stabilivolt supplies water,the water sojourn time in water box is on the contrary greatly increase by,easier to be contaminated. And,the water box all must readjust oneself to a certain extent in the building in all usage water boxes system most higher place,attractive looks being able to affect a building in some occasion, the physical design building even.
4)Pressure jars supply water since insecure water box factor,reason why use the jar sealing off reliable pressure to replace,and the pressure jar does not need,high position lay down, attractive looks and structure not affecting a building bearing,go down well very much over the past few years.Pressure jar system requires that the water pump and autocontrol system have to fit but,feasible cost increases by to some extent.However,in the late years whose market price already lets many consumers be able to choose.Systematic pressure jar principle is to make use of a water pump water compression to be sent to receive the pipe network building the inside,thinks that water enters the pressure jar,reaches certain pressure time,water pump motor stoppage or reduces the speed when pressure is too big,While pressure is smaller than regulation value,the pressure jar conveys water to the outside and starts the water pump or acceleration at the same
time(frequency conversion water pump).
5)Two time of compression types can make do for to small-scale consumer,if the building, the pressure jar are only systematic.The direction that the dwelling house spends at present to housing estate develops but,shows for the cluster arrangement that multilayer builds,concentrates stabilivolt mainly.The ability can not satisfy a request with pressure jar volume,the water pump concentrates compression therefore having appeared give first place to,pressure jar stabilivolt (remove the system water hammer)is subsidiary way.Economy cost rises only,also needs the specially-assigned person upkeep.Besides,pipe network system belongs to low pressure since tier of numbers are not many,pipeline,the direct cut-over without exception with layers consumer is be OK,comparatively simple.The steel tube prepares pipeline material with low pressure low pressure PPR silent stock tube give first place to.
2、外文资料翻译译文
医院建筑给水排水
随着现代医学科学的迅速发展,新技术、新医疗设备层出不穷,从而与之相符的现代化医疗建筑———医院,也面临着新的设计理念和新技术的运用。无论从医院建筑物功能、其所处的环境,还是医院建筑设备及装备系统,要求均愈来愈高。因为它不仅是保障日常工作生活的需要,而且与救治病人、促进康复、避免致残、挽救生命紧密相关。作为给排水专业的设计不仅需要满足医院建筑中设备上不同功能的要求,而且必须安全可靠。下面根据医院建筑中有关给水、排水各系统设计,从社会不断发展和超前的理念方面谈几点体会
一医院给排水系统
1)现代化医院的设备及装备系统内容繁多,功能特殊,要求很高。除了要求保证持续供给充分符合质量标准的用水外,更需要根据不同的医疗仪器以及不同科室对水质、水压、水温的要求,分门别类设置水处理系统和对系统进行增减压。
2)医院的手术室、产房的手术洗手水、卫生通过淋浴水、牙科的牙科椅的口水宜采用净化消毒水。国内一些大型的、级别高的医院中心供应室,消毒中心也采用了净化消毒水,既保证无尘、无菌,消除致病源,避免感染,又减少设备微细管道的阻塞。
3)医院制剂室的制剂用水采用蒸馏水,并在制蒸馏水系统中设有局部增压设施。具体制蒸馏水工艺应根据不同医院制剂工艺而定,给排水专业应密切配合制剂工艺预留给排水管和配置相应的冷却水循环系统,满足其工艺对水质、水量、水压的要求。
4)医院手术室、产房、婴儿室、供应室、皮肤科的医疗病房,门急诊、医技各科室和职工后勤部门对热水供应的要求差异较大,需要分别设置热水供应系统。一般情况门急诊、医技科室、中心供应室、职工后勤部门供应热水为定时供水,供应时间比较一致。大部分医院根据目前的财力,病房楼的热水供应基本为定时,而从长远角度来看,应该是24h供应热水。手术室、产房的手术洗手,卫生通过的淋浴器应该为24h供应热水,而且不能有任何间断,热水供应安全可靠,水温基本控制在人的正常体温37℃左右,故一般热水供应宜单独成为一个系统,以确保供应热水系统万无一失。
5)考虑到环境的美化,不宜采用蒸汽开水炉,从而杜绝蒸汽泄漏或疏水器排气所引起病房楼的备餐间内地面的潮湿,避免内墙发霉现象的发生。医院不管大小,开水供应都应采用自动容积或电开水炉,一般一个病区考虑一台,容积根据使用情况确定。一是便于护工管理;二是保证对病员的供应,同时改善病房内部的环境。
6)各门急诊科室,尤其是传染科病房各诊室、治疗室、洗涤盆应设非手动水咀,可采用肘式、膝式或脚踏式开关。如使用脚踏式开关一定要使用防渗漏的产品,以免使用处地面经常潮湿,使病员、医务人员滑倒,发生事故。手术室、产房手术等洗手应采用恒温混水阀,恒温出水,以红外线感应电磁阀控制方式为好。医技科室的部分化验室、实验室有特殊要求,水咀应根据各科室功能的要求来确定其水咀的形式。
7)医院的许多科室,尤其是检验室、化验室、放射科等科室中的酸洗池、消毒池、洗片池等下水管道应采用耐腐的PVC2U排水塑料管。
8)对各类污、废水必须严格按国家有关排放标准分门别类,用不同的处理工艺进行针对性地处置和处理。
9)由于现代医院不仅要满足使用功能需要,同时还要考虑室内外环境美观。尤其是门急诊、医技楼往往由于医疗功能需要,给排水横、立管布置较为散乱,较多的明露在室内,有时加之暖通专业的管道,使房间内明露的管道过多,既不雅观,又影响卫生。这就要求在工程设计过程中,应充分利用不同的结构形式进行合理布置,根据功能需要尽量使各种管道隐蔽布置,在不影响使用的前提下,注意美观得体。当然,这些需要建筑结构专业密切配合和结构形式的合理。另外,随着医院建筑中设备及装备系统增多,管道的数量大大增加,合理、综合布置各系统在平面吊顶内的管道则能降低建筑层高,减少投资。如在病房楼设计中,往往首层吊顶和地下室顶部为各专业管道的集合地,各专业有各专业的规范和要求,往往各自布置,其结果要么增加建筑层高,要么顾此失彼。为了克服这一弊端,一般应考虑将较大的风管布置在最上方,其下方为几个专业布置支管的公用空间,再下方是布置给排水、动力、强、弱电各系统干管。这样布置比其他形式布置较为经济、实用。
10)热交换器形式的选择。传统的医院热水供应系统中,人们基本上采用容积式热交换器。主要是考虑所提供蒸汽量与热水供应最大值之间差值的调节量,减小了蒸汽锅炉设计量,减少了锅炉房占地面积,节约了一次性投资。然而现在人们对水质要求愈来愈高,尤其是生活热水中发现军团菌致病的实例,引起人们的高度重视。主要是因为在30℃～55℃水中最容
易繁殖军团菌,为此世界卫生组织(WHO)推荐:“热水应在60℃以上储存,并至少在50℃以上循环。如某些使用者,需要将水龙头水温降至40℃或50℃左右,这时可以使用调温混合阀来实现。为保证蓄水温度不利于肺炎双球菌的生长,该调节阀应设定在靠近关停点的地方”。这点对医院尤为重要。因为住院的是有病的弱者,如在医院内发生军团菌则不利于病员治疗与康复,医院责任重大。目前医院内尤其是一些条件较差的小医院,包括部分区级医院,不能24 h供应热水,并且容积式交换器内水温是以梯形状态分布,在热交换器内部很难使水温保持在60℃左右。从而导致容积式热交换器内供应热水系统管道中产生军团菌,改变医院使用热交换器形式应是当务之急。采用半即热式或即热式热交换器,使其热水供应系统水温始终保持在60℃以上区域进行供水,以避免军团菌滋生,杜绝军团菌的发生。
二多层给水系统
目前，国内大多数城市的市政管网压力可以维持在2公斤以上，个别小城镇的出水压力甚至可以达到4公斤。因此，对于一般的多层建筑市政管网的压力已经足够了，但是由于市政管网的供水水量、水压波动较大，尤其在小城镇。为了克服这些缺点，多层给水系统的设计主要有以下几种类型。
1）直接供水型就是直接利用市政管网的压力，直接供水，一般适用于市政管网压
力稍高的地区或水厂附近压力较高的范围内。缺点就是水量、水压不能保证。但是，对于规模较小的管网这种供水方案的经济性能很好，不需要任何其他设备或措施。
2）水箱供水型将市政管网的水引至屋顶水箱，然后靠水箱与用水器具的高差，重力供水，克服了水压水量的不稳定性。但是，由于水箱可能存在的二次污染，而且，水箱体积较大，因此这种方式不提倡。
3）水箱、管网联合型平时水量水压足够时，直接由市政网供水，超压时，多余水进入屋顶水箱，当压力或水量不足时，水箱靠重力自动向用户供水。物理结构上就是正常的直接供水的主干管伸顶接入水箱，并由水箱设一出水管。该方案减小了水箱的体积，并使水不需要都进入水箱停留这一步骤，卫生可靠性增加。但是问题就是如果长时间的稳压供水（现在的市政管网可以办到的），水箱中的水的停留时间反而大大增加，更容易受污染。而且，所有使用水箱的系统中水箱都必须放在建筑的最高处，在某些场合会影响建筑的美观，甚至建筑的结构设计。
4）气压罐供水由于水箱的不安全因素，所以用密封可靠的气压罐代替，而且，气压罐不需要高位摆放，不影响建筑美观与结构承重，近几年很受欢迎。但是气压罐系统需要水泵和自动控制系统得配合，使得成本有所增加。不过，近年其市场价格已经让很多用户能够选择。气压罐系统的原理就是利用水泵将水加压送进建筑内部管网，当压力过大时，水进入气压罐，达到一定压力时，水泵停车或减速；当压力小于规定值时，气压罐向外输水并同时启动水泵或加速（变频水泵）。
5）二次加压型对于，小规模的用户，如单幢建筑，气压罐系统可以应付。但是，目前住宅向小区化的方向发展，主要表现为多层建筑的集群布置，集中稳压。以气压罐的容积能力不能满足要求，所以出现了水泵集中加压为主，气压罐稳压(消除系统水锤)为辅的方式。只是经济成本上升，也需要专人维护。另外，管网系统由于层数不多，属于低压管道，均分层直接接入用户即可，较为简单。管道材料以低压钢管和低压PPR塑料管为主。
浮选柱处理含油废水的研究 摘要：本文介绍了一种为处理含油废水而开发的新型溶气浮选柱装置。溶气浮选柱将溶气气浮法和浮选柱巧妙的加以结合运用，溶解空气在柱体分离系统中释放。本文对这种具有潜在应用价值的柱体系统分离含油废水中油分的效果进行了研究，在一系列的 实验中该装置均取得了理想的分离效果，同时还对溶气浮选柱中采用的气泡产生器的曝气效果进行了专门研究。 关键词：含油废水；分离；气浮；气泡发生器；溶气浮选柱 一、引言 含油废水是石油开发利用过程中产生的面积广，数量大的污染源。废水中的油分包括浮油，分散油，乳化油，溶解油和油-固结合物。含油废水常用的处理技术有物理法、物理化学法、化学破乳法、生物化学法和电化学法。分离难易程度取决于油分在水体中的存在形式。含油废水中的浮油一般可以采用重力分离技术予以去除，溶解油可以通过生物处理法将其去除，而以胶体状态存在的分散油和乳化油由于其平均粒径小，化学稳定性咼而难以去除。 近年来，浮选技术由于具有分离效率高，资金投入少，运行费用低的特点而吸引了众多学者的关注，并且已经开发出一些新型的快速高效的含油废水处理装置。Feng P B 和其合作者开发出一种高效节能浮选柱进行含油废水处理，其油分的去除率可以达到90% 左右。GU Xuqing等人开发出一种新型多级环流式浮选柱可处理含油废水，其独特的流体环流模式极大的提高了油珠和气泡之间的接触几率，分离效果显著，5分钟内，分离 效率可以达到96%-97%0Xiao K L等人用多级浮选柱处理含油废水，空气分散在装置的柱体托盘底部，含油废水在柱体的各个托盘中进行处理，除油率达94%。 含有乳化油的废水处理较为困难，为保证浮选效率，分离时要求气泡粒径小，并且在分离区域中形成安静的水力学环境。分离区应当又长又窄这一概念引发了利用柱状体作为分离设备这一设计理念。由此产生了一种叫做溶气浮选柱的新型设备，溶解空气在该装置的柱体分离系统中析出，以此来处理含油废水。 二、材料与方法 （一）材料 实验废水是用胜利油田的脱水脱气原油配制的乳化油经过稀释得到的。水样经过三 十分钟的高速搅拌混合以保证油珠完全地分散到水中。采用激光粒度分析仪分析油珠的 粒径分布；平均粒径为18.15微米，约有77.8%的粒子的粒径在25微米左右或更小（图
Laminar and Turbulent Flow Observation shows that two entirely different types of fluid flow exist. This was demon- strated by Osborne Reynolds in 1883 through an experiment in which water was discharged from a tank through a glass tube. The rate of flow could be controlled by a valve at the outlet, and a fine filament of dye injected at the entrance to the tube. At low velocities, it was found that the dye filament remained intact throughout the length of the tube, showing that the particles of water moved in parallel lines. This type of flow is known as laminar, viscous or streamline, the particles of fluid moving in an orderly manner and retaining the same relative positions in successive cross- sections. As the velocity in the tube was increased by opening the outlet valve, a point was eventually reached at which the dye filament at first began to oscillate and then broke up so that the colour was diffused over the whole cross-section, showing that the particles of fluid no longer moved in an orderly manner but occupied different relative position in successive cross-sections. This type of flow is known as turbulent and is characterized by continuous small fluctuations in the magnitude and direction of the velocity of the fluid particles, which are accompanied by corresponding small fluctuations of pressure. When the motion of a fluid particle in a stream is disturbed, its inertia
广东水利电力职业技术学院 2011届给水排水工程技术专业 毕业设计任务书与指导书 课题名称：广州某小学教学楼 给排水工程设计 专业班级 姓名 学号 指导教师：孙超 二O一三年十二月
第一部分 毕业设计任务书 一、毕业设计（论文）的内容与要求 1、毕业设计的内容 受广州某学校的委托，设计其教学楼，要求设计完善的建筑给水、排水和消防给水系统。并满足下列要求： 1)给水系统供水安全可靠，保证水质、水压、水量、水温； 2)排水畅通、气压稳定、室内环境卫生条件好； 3)技术先进、运行管理方便、投资少。 2、毕业设计的要求与数据 （1）工程概况 某小学教学楼建筑总面积为3010.8m2, 地上5层，各层高详见建筑图。各层功能详见平面所示，首层为架空层和水泵设备房、电房，2~5层为教室，每层设用男女卫生间，内设台式洗脸盆、大便器，小便槽等。教职工人数按学生人数的10%计。每层走廊预留恒温饮水机进水管（DN20，设置倒流防止器）。 （2）原始资料 A、建筑设计资料 1)各层建筑平面图 2)屋面、楼梯顶建筑平面图 B、给排水设计资料 3)据市政建设和环保部门批准文件决定，给水进水管从建筑北面的规划路给 水管DN150引入，市政给水管网常年提供可靠水压为0.25MPa，水质符合 饮用水标准。城市管网不允许直接抽水。 4)污水、雨水排出管可从建筑西南面的规划路排出，与城市排水管网相连。 该市设有城市污水处理厂，室内生活污水需经化粪池处理后排入城市污水 管道。接入市政雨污水管前必须设置水质检测井。
（3）工程地质和地震资料 不考虑地震影响。 二、毕业设计（论文）应完成的工作 1、设计、计算、说明书一份，（约为2万字），装订成册。包括6部分： 1)设计总说明； 2)目录 3)前言：设计资料、工程性质、设计任务和设计范围、设计内容等； 正文： 1、分析设计资料，确定建筑内部的给排水、消防系统方式。 2、用水房间卫生器具及管道的布置及敷设。 3、室内外管道材料、设备的选用及敷设安装方法的确定。 4、建筑内部给排水系统、消防系统的计算。 5、水泵房布置及计算。 4)结论 5)参考文献 6)致谢 2、设计图纸包括： 1)图纸目录； 2)总说明、图例、设备统计表； 3)各层给排水平面图（首层给、排水平面图分开） 4)各层水消防平面图 5)消防水箱大样图； 6)泵房平面布置图； 7)泵房剖面及管道轴测图； 8)给水管道系统图；
本科生毕业设计（论文）开题报告题目：综合楼给水排水设计 学院：建筑工程学院系土木工程 专业： 班级： 学号： 姓名： 指导教师： 填表日期：
一、选题的依据及意义 本设计选题依据：学校对给排水专业学生的培养方案而定，作为即将毕业的我们，应该对自己的专业有更深刻的了解，也应该更多的去学习如何将所学知识运用到实践中去。因此，本设计选择课题为高层综合楼给排水设计。 一般来讲，任何建筑都必须进行给排水设计，这与建筑使用的安全性和舒适性密切相关。随着土地资源的紧张，高层建筑越来越多，高层建筑给排水设计成为设计师的必备技能。 该设计建筑共有18层，是以公共餐厅、办公及高档旅馆为主题的综合楼，几乎涉及了建筑给排水设计的所有内容。我希望此次设计达到以下几点目标： （1）通过毕业设计，巩固自己所学的基础理论和专业知识，加强自己的基本技能，使自己的知识体系综合起来，以达到学以致用，独立完成建筑给排水设计的目的。 （2）通过毕业设计，掌握资料获取、处理数据和计算机应用等方面的能力，培养自己的实践能力、创新能力和独立思考意识。 （3）通过毕业设计，了解社会生产实际中的问题，及时发现自己知识的缺陷和漏洞，补充自己没有掌握的知识，为以后的工作打好坚实的基础。 二、国内外研究现状及发展趋势（含文献综述） 随着建筑业的发展，建筑给水排水专业迅速发展，已成为给水排水中不可缺少而又独具特色的组成部分。我国建筑给排水积累了实践经验，借鉴了国外的新技术，专业技术有了明显的突破和发展, 其中消防给水系统在建筑给排水中的发展尤为突出。此外，我国建筑给排水产品设备的发展也促进了建筑给排水技术的发展。建筑给水排水技术的发展是与科研工作、工程实践(设计、安装)、产品开发等多方面有关。近年来, 高层建筑给排水日趋增加, 例如上海在浦东建成的金茂大厦和上海国际环球金融中心。在产品开发上, 也不断引进先进国家的技术。为了使传统的给排水工程与社会可持续发展在我国的经济条件下有机结合, 我国正积极发展水工业，作为给水排水工程在21世纪的新发展。 国内外对建筑给排水的研究目前主要集中在两个方向，分别是节水新技术和节能新技术。 1、节水新技术 （1）推广使用优质管材、阀门 由于传统镀锌钢管容易生锈，会造成水质污染，且长时间闲置后再使用时会有锈水放出导致浪费，同时接头处如果锈蚀也会漏水渗水。采用新型管材如铝塑复合管、钢塑复合管、不锈钢管、铜管、PP—R管、PE管、PVC—U管等能很好的解决此类问题。 阀门是建筑给排水中最常用的配件之一，其类型和质量的好坏也能影响用水的质量。一
6月19日星期三天气晴 昨晚回宿舍后学习图纸，一直看到11点多钟，上床后满脑子尽是图纸在打架。这是一个技改扩建项目，主要内容为建设一个工厂自备热电站和碱回收工程，大小单位工程36个，主厂房将锅炉房、常用配电室、汽轮机房合为一体，并与煤廊、烟囱连接，结构复杂，难度高，是整个工程项目的核心部分。建设项目中，也有结构极为简单的平房，如砖砌体结构的仪器维修车间和钢结构的干煤棚。还有多个地下钢筋混凝土水池和两个45m ( 高的烟囱)一个是钢筋混凝土的，另一个是砖烟囱*。赵工程师说，这个工程要力争中标。我想中标后参加该工程施工，对我是一个极好的学习和锻炼的机会。想着想着，我成了一个头戴安全帽、身穿工作服、站在高高的脚手架上、进行质量检查的实习施工员，我心旷神怡地向着远方眺望，突然吹来一阵大风，脚手架摇晃了几下后把我抛到了空中，我大叫了一声醒了，原来是一个梦，只觉得背上全是冷汗。 6 月21 日星期五天气阴 上午和赵工程师去造纸厂工地进行实地考察。赵工程师说，在编制施工组织设计（方案）前，一定要到现场进行实地考察，千万不能想当然地闭门造车。只有详细了解了现场的具体情况后，编制的施工组织设计（方案）才有针对性，也才有较好的实用价值。临行前，赵工程师要我了解以下一些主要内容： 1.现场供电情况（线路、容量等）；
2. 现场供水、排水情况（线路、容量等）； 3. 现场道路畅通情况； 4.现场可供利用的建筑物情况； 5. 现场已有地下管线情况； 6.现场周围城市测量控制点情况等。 赵工程师说，如果是外地工地，还应了解当地施工期间的气温、降雨量、风力、风向以及地震烈度、地方资源、地方交通运输、地方施工协作单位以及当地建设行政主管部门的有关建筑市场的管理文件等。 下午，赵工程师主持召开技术工作会议，讨论造纸厂投标工程施工组织设计编制要点，要求项目部有关人员提出意见和建议。大家从进度、质量、安全、成本等多方面提出了各自的意见，我听了很受启发。我最后一个发言，根据设计图纸和上午了解的现场情况，提出了三个方面的建议。 第一，建议本工程以主厂房为主线编制施工进度网络图。为便于锅炉房和汽轮机房的屋架制作和屋面吊装工作，建议两车间中的楼层部分在屋面吊装结束后再施工，这样可大大加快主厂房的施工进度。第二，现场可供利用的原有建筑物不多，如果全部搭建临时用房，成本较高。建议将两栋结构简单的平房———砖混结构的仪器维修车间和钢结构的干煤棚开工时抢建后（干煤棚的钢柱、钢屋架提前在综合厂预制好），作为工地办公用房、工具用房和工地搅拌站用房，以节约搭设临时设施的费用。
河北建筑工程学院 毕业设计（论文）外文资料翻译 系别：城建系 专业：给水排水工程 班级： 姓名： 学号： 外文出处：Wan Fang foreign languages （用外文写） literature datebase 附件：1、外文原文；2、外文资料翻译译文。
1、外文原文（复印件） Supplying and draining waterin hospital construction With the fact that modern medicine science promptness develops,new technique , the new armamentarium are continuing without end , modernized medical treatment thereby consonant with that is building a hospital , are also are confronted with new design idea and new technology applying. Disregarding secondary hospital building function , what whose gets along environment, still , finclause the hospital builds equipment and is equipped with system, the request is without exception higher and higher. Because of it is to ensure daily work living not only need the rapid and intense life relevance recovering from the illness , avoiding crippling , rescuing, and promote with giving treatment to a patient. Not only the design accomplishing to the special field draining away water need to satisfy the request being unlike a function in hospital building on equipment , but also safety is be obliged to reliable. Following is built according to the hospital. 一HOSPITAL GIVES A SEWERAGE 1) Modernized hospital equipment and equipment system content is numerous , the function is peculiar , the request is very high. Except demanding to swear to continue supplying with the use water according with quality level sufficiently, need more according to demand of different medical treatment instrument and different administrative or tehcnical office to water quality , water pressure , the water temperature, classify setting up water treatment system and be in progress to system to increase pressure reduction. 2) The hospital operating rooms , the delivery room operation the water hygiene, saliva washing hands by shower bath water , the dentistry dentistry chair ought to adopt the water purifying degassing. In the homeland few are large-scale , the high rank hospital centre supplies a room, the centre disinfecting has also adopted to purify the water disinfecting, now that swear to there be no dust , the sterility , to remove the pathopoiesia source , to avoid the blockage infecting , cutting down equipment microtubule. 3) Hospital preparation rooms preparation uses water to adopt distilled water, and sets up in making distilled water system to have part pressure boost facilities. The handicraft responds to according to different hospital preparation handicraft but fixes concrete system distilled water, should satisfy demand of whose handicraft to water quality , water yield , water pressure act in close coordination that the preparation handicraft reserves corresponding to drain-pipe and
毕业设计 [论文] 题目：重庆市快捷大酒店 学院：市政与环境工程学院 专业：给水排水科学与工程 姓名：宋严 学号：024409135 指导老师：朱伟萍 完成时间：2013年6月
摘要 本设计为重庆市快捷大酒店，是一幢16层的大酒店的设计，设计内容主要包括给水冷水系统、排水系统、消防系统、热水系统这四大块的设计。 室内冷水系统分为低区与高区两个区供水，低区为地下室至四层，由市政管网直接供水;高区为五层至十六层，根据要求,在地下室设生活水池，然后由变频泵抽水为高区供水。室内排水系统采用合流制，每个卫生间设置独立的排水立管，地下室至四层共有9根立管，五层至十六层为标准套房，卫生间布局一样，每层有34个房间，故共需34根立管，并且由于到四层时，这些立管位于办公室、商场等的房间中部，所以需另设立管，总计59根。消火栓系统不分区，在地下室设置消防水池，楼顶设置高位水箱。按照相关规定每层都需设置闭式自动喷淋系统，共分为五个区，水源来自于地下室的消防水池。另外，根据实际情况，综合考量之后,本酒店五层到十六层还需设置热水系统，热水供应方式采用集中供热，热媒采用蒸汽，采用半循环里面的干管循环系统。 关键词：大酒店，高层，给水系统，排水系统，消火栓系统，闭式自动喷淋系统，热水系统
Abstract The design for the Chongqing express Le Grand Large Hotel, is to design a 16 - storey Le Grand Large Hotel, design content mainly includes these four large water supply water system, drainage system, fire control system, hot water system. Indoor water supply system is divided into low and high two district water supply, low area as the basement to the four layer, by the municipal water supply pipe network directly; the area of five to sixteen layers, according to the requirements of life, a pool in the basement, and then pumped by frequency conversion pump for high water. Indoor drainage system adopt confluence, each toilet set independently of the drainage tube, the basement to the four layer consists of 9 vertical pipes, five layer to the sixteen layer as a standard suite, room layout, each floor has 34 rooms, so a total of 34 riser, and because of the four layer, the middle the room is located in the vertical pipe office, shopping malls, so need to set up a total of 56 root canal. Fire hydrant system does not partition, setting fire pool in the basement, roof water tank. In accordance with the relevant provisions of each layer shall be installed closed automatic sprinkler system, is divided into five zones, water from the basement of pool fire. In addition, according to the actual situation, comprehensive consideration, this hotel five layer to the sixteen layer also need to set the hot water system, water supply mode with centralized heating, heat medium with steam, with half cycle inside the stem vascular system. Keywords: Le Grand Large Hotel, top, water supply system, drainage system, fire hydrant system, closed automatic sprinkler system, hot water system
译文来源：美国PE杂志建筑给排水工程师2010年第10期 The multilevel residential housing is given and drains off water several questions designed Summary : This text give and drain off water on multilevel residential housing design supply water the exertion of the tubular product , Way of laying of pipeline, water gauge produce family set up, establishment and air conditioner condensation water of pot-type boiler discharge issue goes on the discussion , And put forward some concrete views. Keyword: Skyscraper, supply water the tubular product , the pipeline is laid, The water gauge, the solar water heater The skyscraper is simple with its auxiliary facility, the fabrication cost is low, the characteristic such as being convenient of estate management, Receive the welcomes of the real estate developer and vast resident of small and medium-sized cities very much. How project planning and design of inhabited region, scientific and technological industry of comfortable house, lead the request according to 2000, Improve the design level of the house, build out a comfortable living space for each household, It is each designers duty. As the heart of the house --The kitchen, bathroom, is that the function is complicated, hygiene, safe and comfortable degree are expected much, It is miscellaneous to build, the space expecting much in technology. So, the designer must consider synthetically with the idea and method of global design that the kitchen, bathroom give installation of the drainage pipeline and equipment,etc. . Give and drain off water on skyscraper design supply water exertion, to lay pipeline of tubular product, water gauge produce family set up, establishment and empty of pot-type boiler now Transfer condensation water discharge issue discuss together with colleagues. ( 1)supply water tubular product select problem for use Traditional watersupply tubular product adopt zinc-plated steel tube generally, because zinc-plated steel tube exchange the corrosion, Use short-lived , use for and send domestic water can satisfied with water quality sanitary standard shortcoming, Ministry of Construction is popularizing the application of the feed pipe of plastics energetically . A lot of districts and cities have already expressed regulations: Forbid designing and using the zinc-plated steel tube , use widely the feed pipe of plastics. The plastics supply water In charge of compared with metal pipeline, light, it is fine to able to bear the intensity of keeping, Send obstruction little liquid , able to bear chemistry better to corrode performance, it is convenient to install, The steel energy-conservation of the province, merit of having long performance life etc.. Supply water and use plastics pipeline: Hard polyvinyl chloride( PVC-U), high density polyethylene( HDPE), pay and unite polyethylene( PEX) , modify the polypropylene( PP-R, PP-C), gather butene( PB), aluminium mould and compound and in charge of and the steel is moulded and compound and is managed etc.. Choice of tubular product economic comparative
给水排水工程毕业设计开题报告 随着我国经济的快速发展和人们生活水平的日益提高，人们的消费能力和消费水平有了极大的提升，商务、度假、旅游等活动使我国城市酒店业得到了快速的发展。现代星级酒店作为一个城市的名片和对外窗口，其酒店形象和服务水平都从侧面反映出这个城市的整体形象和文化特质。因此，现代星级酒店建筑设计不仅要注重建筑外形的气质塑造，还应致力于其良好的内在功能品质及酒店文化性与异质性的挖掘。作为建筑给水排水设计人员，在设计过程中除了按国家有关规范进行统筹考虑、全面规划外，还要强调供水安全可靠性的同时，尽可能地采取节能意义的措施和设计，以免造成不必要的水电浪费。结合当前水资源缺乏的严峻形势，立足建筑给排水，提出一些建议，以减少水资源的隐形浪费，实现节约用水。还必须考虑到给排水系统的噪声控制，结合新工艺和自身的工作经验在舒适性和经济性间寻求平衡点将室内给排水噪声减到最低，树立整体环境意识，努力为人们营造一个安静和舒适的室内环境。同时，酒店的功能复杂，失火可能性大，失火后蔓延迅速，人员疏散及扑救困难。为此，必须设置安全可靠的室内消防给水系统，满足各类消防的要求，而且也是酒店质量审核中的重中之重。因此，酒店室内给排水、消防给水工程在设计方面，都比一般室内给排水工程、消防给水提出了更高的要求。
通过该毕业设计，提高资料检索、文献阅读、设计计算、绘制图纸、编写设计说明的能力;培养自己理论联系实际的独立工作能力，综合分析、判断的思维能力，运用所学知识解决实际问题的能力等。同时达到对学习成果的综合性总结和检阅，也是以后从事相关工作的最初尝试。 随着人们生活水平的提高和居住环境的改善，人们对室内噪声越来越重视。据调查，在发达国家，人们在室内滞留的时间已占全天的90%，因此对室内噪声环境的要求越来越高。然而，由于建筑施工、安装和给排水管道的安装及卫生设备的选型不当，加上水泵自身的机械振动等诸多因素，室内的噪声环境愈加严重。在现实生活中，由于噪声过大而干扰人们的 正常生活，影响人们的身体健康的事件屡见不鲜。很多住宅室内的实际噪声都超过40dBA，在这样的噪声环境中生活不但会严重影响人们的休息质量，干扰脑力劳动者的工作，使人们产生失眠、疲劳、头晕、记忆力减退等症状，长此下去还会导致人们产生神经衰弱症。不仅如此，因噪声扰民而使业主与开发商对簿公堂的民事诉讼案也不在少数。据报道，北京市某小区业主李某因楼下的生活给水泵房噪声过大而严重扰乱其作息秩序，起诉开发商，法院一审判令开发商采取控制噪声的措施，并赔偿李某精神损失费十万元，创下全国噪声扰民赔偿记录。
目录 第一章室内冷水系统 (3) 一竖向分区 (3) 二用水量标准及计算 (3) 三冷水管网计算 (4) 四引入管及水表选择 (9) 五屋顶水箱容积计算 (10) 六地下贮水池容积计算 (11) 七生活水泵的选择 (11) 第二章室内热水系统 (12) 一热水量及耗热量计算 (12) 二热水配水管网计算 (12) 三热水循环管网计算 (15) 四循环水泵的选择 (16) 五加热设备选型及热水箱计算 (17) 第三章建筑消火栓给水系统设计 (18) 一消火栓系统的设计计算 (18) 二消防水泵的选择 (20) 三消防水箱设置高度确定及校核 (20) 四消火栓减压 (20) 五消防立管与环管计算 (21) 六室外消火栓与水泵接合器的选定 (21)
第四章自动喷水灭火系统设计 (22) 一自动喷水灭火系统的基本设计数据 (22) 二喷头的布置与选用 (22) 三水力计算 (22) 四水力计算 (23) 五自动喷水灭火系统消防泵的选择 (26) 第五章建筑灭火器配置设计 (28) 第六章建筑排水系统设计 (29) 一排水管道设计秒流量 (29) 二排水管网水力计算 (29) 三化粪池设计计算 (33) 四户外排水管设计计算 (34) 第七章建筑雨水系统设计 (35) 一雨水量计算 (35) 二水力计算 (36)
第一章室内冷水系统 一.竖向分区 本工程是一栋十二层高的综合建筑，给水分两个区供给。一、二、三层商场和办公室作为低区，由市政管网直接供水；三至十二层客房作为高区，由屋顶水箱供水。 二.用水量标准及用水量计算 1.确定生活用水定额q d 及小时变化系数k h。 根据原始资料中建筑物性质及卫生设备完善程度，按《建筑给水排水规范》确定用水定额和小时变化系数见下，未预见用水量高区按以上各项之和的15%计，低区按10%计。列于用水量表中。 2.用水量公式： ①最高日用水量 Q d =Σmq d /1000 式中 Qd：最高日用水量，L/d； m：用水单位数，人或床位数； q d ：最高日生活用水定额，L/人.d，L/床.d，或L/人.班。 ②最大小时生活用水量 Q h =Q d K h /T 式中 Q h ：最大小时用水量，L/h； Q d ：最高日用水量，L/d； T： 24h； K h ：小时变化系数，按《规范》确定。⑴.高区用水量计算 客房：用水单位数：324床； 用水定额：400L/（床/d）； 时变化系数Kh=2； 供水时间为24h 最高日用水量Qd=324×400=129600L/d 最高日最大时用水量Qh=Kh×Qd/24=10.8 m3/h 未预见水量:按15％计，时变化系数Kh=1. 最高日用水量Qd=129600×15％=19400L/d 最高日最大时用水量Qh=19400/24=0.81 m3/h ⑵.低区用水量计算 办公：用水单位数：442×2×60％/7=76人 用水定额50L/（人*班） 时变化系数Kh=1.5
建筑给排水外文翻译外文文献英文文献多层住宅建筑 给排水设计的几个问题 译文来源:美国PE杂志建筑给排水工程师2010年第10期 The multilevel residential housing is given and drains off water several questions designed Summary : This text give and drain off water on multilevel residential housing design supply water the exertion of the tubular product , Way of laying of pipeline, water gauge produce family set up, establishment and air conditioner condensation water of pot-type boiler discharge issue goes on the discussion , And put forward some concrete views. Keyword: Skyscraper, supply water the tubular product , the pipeline is laid, The water gauge, the solar water heater The skyscraper is simple with its auxiliary facility, the fabrication cost is low, the characteristic such as being convenient of estate management, Receive the welcomes of the real estate developer and vast resident of small and medium-sized cities very much. How project planning and design of inhabited region, scientific and technological industry of comfortable house, lead the request according to 2000, Improve the design level of the house, build out a comfortable living space for each household, It is each designers duty. As the heart of the house --The kitchen, bathroom, is that the function is complicated, hygiene, safe and comfortable degree are expected much, It is
-*给水排水管道敷设规范及要求（整理的很全面） 1给水管道的敷设及管材 室内给水管道的敷设、布置应严格按照建筑给排水设计规范 （G B-50015-2003 ）的要求进行，建筑室内管道布置和敷设原则 如下： （1）室内生活给水管道宜布置成枝状管网，单向供水。 （2）室内给水管道不应穿越变配电房、电梯机房、通信机房、 大中型计算机房、计算机网络中心、音像库房等遇水会损坏设备和 引发事故的房间，并应避免在生产设备上方通过。室内给水管道的 布置，不得妨碍生产操作、交通运输和建筑物的使用。 （3）室内给水管道不得布置在遇水会引起燃烧、爆炸的原料、 产品和设备的上面。 （4）埋地敷设的给水管应避免布置在可能受重物压坏处。管道 不得穿越生产设备基础，在特殊情况下必须穿越时，应采取有效的 保护措施。 （5）给水管道不得敷设在烟道、风道、电梯井内、排水沟内。 给水管道不宜穿越橱窗、壁柜、给水管道不得穿过大便槽和小便槽， 且立管离大、小便槽端部不得小于 0.5m 。 （6）给水管道不宜穿越伸缩缝、沉降缝、变形缝。如必须穿越 时，应设置补偿管道伸缩和剪切变形的装置。 （7）塑料给水管道在室内宜暗设。明设时立管应布置在不易受 撞击处，如不能避免时，应在管外加保护措施。塑料给水管道不得 与水加热器或热水炉直接连接，应有不小于0.4m 的金属管段过渡。
（8）室内给水管道上的各种阀门，宜装设在便于检修和便于操 作的位置。 （9）建筑物内埋地敷设的生活给水管与排水管之间的最小净距，平行埋设时不应小于 0.5m ；交叉埋设时不应小于 0.15m ，且给水管道应在排水管的上面。 （10）给水管的伸缩补偿装置，应按直线长度、管材的线膨胀 系数、环境温度和管内水温的变化、管道节点的允许位移量等因素 经计算确定。应尽量利用管道自身的折角补偿温度变形。 （11）当给水管道结露会影响环境，引起装饰、物品等受损害时，给水管道应作防结露保冷层，防结露保冷层的计算和构造，按 现行的《设备及管道保冷技术通则》执行。 （12）给水管道暗设时，应符合下列要求： ○1不得直接敷设在建筑物结构层内； ○2干管和立管应敷设在吊顶、管井、管窿内，支管宜敷设在楼（地）面的找平层内或沿墙敷设在管槽内； ○3敷设在找平层或管槽内的给水支管的外径不宜大于25mm ； ○4敷设在找平层或管槽内的给水管管材宜采用塑料、金属与塑 料复合管材或耐腐蚀的金属管材； ○5敷设在找平层或管槽内的管材，如采用卡套式或卡环式接口 连接的管材，宜采用分水器向各卫生器具配水，中途不得有连接配件，两端接口应明露。地面宜有管道位置的临时标识。 （13）给水管道应避免穿越人防地下室，必须穿越时应按人防 工程要求设置防暴阀门。