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《概率论与数理统计》基本名词中英文对照表英文中文Probability theory 概率论mathematical statistics 数理统计deterministic phenomenon 确定性现象random phenomenon 随机现象sample space 样本空间random occurrence 随机事件fundamental event 基本事件certain event 必然事件impossible event 不可能事件random test 随机试验incompatible events 互不相容事件frequency 频率classical probabilistic model 古典概型geometric probability 几何概率conditional probability 条件概率multiplication theorem 乘法定理Bayes's formula 贝叶斯公式Prior probability 先验概率Posterior probability 后验概率Independent events 相互独立事件Bernoulli trials 贝努利试验random variable 随机变量probability distribution 概率分布distribution function 分布函数discrete random variable 离散随机变量distribution law 分布律hypergeometric distribution 超几何分布random sampling model 随机抽样模型binomial distribution 二项分布Poisson distribution 泊松分布geometric distribution 几何分布probability density 概率密度continuous random variable 连续随机变量uniformly distribution 均匀分布exponential distribution 指数分布numerical character 数字特征mathematical expectation 数学期望variance 方差moment 矩central moment 中心矩n-dimensional random variable n-维随机变量two-dimensional random variable 二维离散随机变量joint probability distribution 联合概率分布joint distribution law 联合分布律joint distribution function 联合分布函数boundary distribution law 边缘分布律boundary distribution function 边缘分布函数exponential distribution 二维指数分布continuous random variable 二维连续随机变量joint probability density 联合概率密度boundary probability density 边缘概率密度conditional distribution 条件分布conditional distribution law 条件分布律conditional probability density 条件概率密度covariance 协方差dependency coefficient 相关系数normal distribution 正态分布limit theorem 极限定理standard normal distribution 标准正态分布logarithmic normal distribution 对数正态分布covariance matrix 协方差矩阵central limit theorem 中心极限定理Chebyshev's inequality 切比雪夫不等式Bernoulli's law of large numbers 贝努利大数定律statistics 统计量simple random sample 简单随机样本sample distribution function 样本分布函数sample mean 样本均值sample variance 样本方差sample standard deviation 样本标准差sample covariance 样本协方差sample correlation coefficient 样本相关系数order statistics 顺序统计量sample median 样本中位数sample fractiles 样本极差sampling distribution 抽样分布parameter estimation 参数估计estimator 估计量estimate value 估计值unbiased estimator 无偏估计unbiassedness 无偏性biased error 偏差mean square error 均方误差relative efficient 相对有效性minimum variance 最小方差asymptotic unbiased estimator 渐近无偏估计量uniformly estimator 一致性估计量moment method of estimation 矩法估计maximum likelihood method of estimation 极大似然估计法likelihood function 似然函数maximum likelihood estimator 极大似然估计值interval estimation 区间估计hypothesis testing 假设检验statistical hypothesis 统计假设simple hypothesis 简单假设composite hypothesis 复合假设rejection region 拒绝域acceptance domain 接受域test statistics 检验统计量linear regression analysis 线性回归分析。
《概率论与数理统计》基本名词中英文对照表英文中文Probability theory 概率论mathematical statistics 数理统计deterministic phenomenon 确定性现象random phenomenon 随机现象sample space 样本空间random occurrence 随机事件fundamental event 基本事件certain event 必然事件impossible event 不可能事件random test 随机试验incompatible events 互不相容事件frequency 频率classical probabilistic model 古典概型geometric probability 几何概率conditional probability 条件概率multiplication theorem 乘法定理Bayes's formula 贝叶斯公式Prior probability 先验概率Posterior probability 后验概率Independent events 相互独立事件Bernoulli trials 贝努利试验random variable 随机变量probability distribution 概率分布distribution function 分布函数discrete random variable 离散随机变量distribution law 分布律hypergeometric distribution 超几何分布random sampling model 随机抽样模型binomial distribution 二项分布Poisson distribution 泊松分布geometric distribution 几何分布probability density 概率密度continuous random variable 连续随机变量uniformly distribution 均匀分布exponential distribution 指数分布numerical character 数字特征mathematical expectation 数学期望variance 方差moment 矩central moment 中心矩n-dimensional random variable n-维随机变量two-dimensional random variable 二维离散随机变量joint probability distribution 联合概率分布joint distribution law 联合分布律joint distribution function 联合分布函数boundary distribution law 边缘分布律boundary distribution function 边缘分布函数exponential distribution 二维指数分布continuous random variable 二维连续随机变量joint probability density 联合概率密度boundary probability density 边缘概率密度conditional distribution 条件分布conditional distribution law 条件分布律conditional probability density 条件概率密度covariance 协方差dependency coefficient 相关系数normal distribution 正态分布limit theorem 极限定理standard normal distribution 标准正态分布logarithmic normal distribution 对数正态分布covariance matrix 协方差矩阵central limit theorem 中心极限定理Chebyshev's inequality 切比雪夫不等式Bernoulli's law of large numbers 贝努利大数定律statistics 统计量simple random sample 简单随机样本sample distribution function 样本分布函数sample mean 样本均值sample variance 样本方差sample standard deviation 样本标准差sample covariance 样本协方差sample correlation coefficient 样本相关系数order statistics 顺序统计量sample median 样本中位数sample fractiles 样本极差sampling distribution 抽样分布parameter estimation 参数估计estimator 估计量estimate value 估计值unbiased estimator 无偏估计unbiassedness 无偏性biased error 偏差mean square error 均方误差relative efficient 相对有效性minimum variance 最小方差asymptotic unbiased estimator 渐近无偏估计量uniformly estimator 一致性估计量moment method of estimation 矩法估计maximum likelihood method of estimation 极大似然估计法likelihood function 似然函数maximum likelihood estimator 极大似然估计值interval estimation 区间估计hypothesis testing 假设检验statistical hypothesis 统计假设simple hypothesis 简单假设composite hypothesis 复合假设rejection region 拒绝域acceptance domain 接受域test statistics 检验统计量linear regression analysis 线性回归分析1 概率论与数理统计词汇英汉对照表Aabsolute value 绝对值accept 接受acceptable region 接受域additivity 可加性adjusted 调整的alternative hypothesis 对立假设analysis 分析analysis of covariance 协方差分析analysis of variance 方差分析arithmetic mean 算术平均值association 相关性assumption 假设assumption checking 假设检验availability 有效度average 均值Bbalanced 平衡的band 带宽bar chart 条形图beta-distribution 贝塔分布between groups 组间的bias 偏倚binomial distribution 二项分布binomial test 二项检验Ccalculate 计算case 个案category 类别center of gravity 重心central tendency 中心趋势chi-square distribution 卡方分布chi-square test 卡方检验classify 分类cluster analysis 聚类分析coefficient 系数coefficient of correlation 相关系数collinearity 共线性column 列compare 比较comparison 对照components 构成，分量compound 复合的confidence interval 置信区间consistency 一致性constant 常数continuous variable 连续变量control charts 控制图correlation 相关covariance 协方差covariance matrix 协方差矩阵critical point 临界点critical value 临界值crosstab 列联表cubic 三次的，立方的cubic term 三次项cumulative distribution function 累加分布函数curve estimation 曲线估计Ddata 数据default 默认的definition 定义deleted residual 剔除残差density function 密度函数dependent variable 因变量description 描述design of experiment 试验设计deviations 差异df.(degree of freedom) 自由度diagnostic 诊断dimension 维discrete variable 离散变量discriminant function 判别函数discriminatory analysis 判别分析distance 距离distribution 分布D-optimal design D-优化设计Eeaqual 相等effects of interaction 交互效应efficiency 有效性eigenvalue 特征值equal size 等含量equation 方程error 误差estimate 估计estimation of parameters 参数估计estimations 估计量evaluate 衡量exact value 精确值expectation 期望expected value 期望值exponential 指数的exponential distributon 指数分布extreme value 极值Ffactor 因素，因子factor analysis 因子分析factor score 因子得分factorial designs 析因设计factorial experiment 析因试验fit 拟合fitted line 拟合线fitted value 拟合值fixed model 固定模型fixed variable 固定变量fractional factorial design 部分析因设计frequency 频数F-test F检验full factorial design 完全析因设计function 函数Ggamma distribution 伽玛分布geometric mean 几何均值group 组Hharmomic mean 调和均值heterogeneity 不齐性histogram 直方图homogeneity 齐性homogeneity of variance 方差齐性hypothesis 假设hypothesis test 假设检验Iindependence 独立independent variable 自变量independent-samples 独立样本index 指数index of correlation 相关指数interaction 交互作用interclass correlation 组内相关interval estimate 区间估计intraclass correlation 组间相关inverse 倒数的iterate 迭代Kkernal 核Kolmogorov-Smirnov test柯尔莫哥洛夫-斯米诺夫检验kurtosis 峰度Llarge sample problem 大样本问题layer 层least-significant difference 最小显著差数least-square estimation 最小二乘估计least-square method 最小二乘法level 水平level of significance 显著性水平leverage value 中心化杠杆值life 寿命life test 寿命试验likelihood function 似然函数likelihood ratio test 似然比检验linear 线性的linear estimator 线性估计linear model 线性模型linear regression 线性回归linear relation 线性关系linear term 线性项logarithmic 对数的logarithms 对数logistic 逻辑的lost function 损失函数Mmain effect 主效应matrix 矩阵maximum 最大值maximum likelihood estimation 极大似然估计mean squared deviation(MSD) 均方差mean sum of square 均方和measure 衡量media 中位数M-estimator M估计minimum 最小值missing values 缺失值mixed model 混合模型mode 众数model 模型Monte Carle method 蒙特卡罗法moving average 移动平均值multicollinearity 多元共线性multiple comparison 多重比较multiple correlation 多重相关multiple correlation coefficient 复相关系数multiple correlation coefficient 多元相关系数multiple regression analysis 多元回归分析multiple regression equation 多元回归方程multiple response 多响应multivariate analysis 多元分析Nnegative relationship 负相关nonadditively 不可加性nonlinear 非线性nonlinear regression 非线性回归noparametric tests 非参数检验normal distribution 正态分布null hypothesis 零假设number of cases 个案数Oone-sample 单样本one-tailed test 单侧检验one-way ANOVA 单向方差分析one-way classification 单向分类optimal 优化的optimum allocation 最优配制order 排序order statistics 次序统计量origin 原点orthogonal 正交的outliers 异常值Ppaired observations 成对观测数据paired-sample 成对样本parameter 参数parameter estimation 参数估计partial correlation 偏相关partial correlation coefficient 偏相关系数partial regression coefficient 偏回归系数percent 百分数percentiles 百分位数pie chart 饼图point estimate 点估计poisson distribution 泊松分布polynomial curve 多项式曲线polynomial regression 多项式回归polynomials 多项式positive relationship 正相关power 幂P-P plot P-P概率图predict 预测predicted value 预测值prediction intervals 预测区间principal component analysis 主成分分析proability 概率probability density function 概率密度函数probit analysis 概率分析proportion 比例Qqadratic 二次的Q-Q plot Q-Q概率图quadratic term 二次项quality control 质量控制quantitative 数量的，度量的quartiles 四分位数Rrandom 随机的random number 随机数random number 随机数random sampling 随机取样random seed 随机数种子random variable 随机变量randomization 随机化range 极差rank 秩rank correlation 秩相关rank statistic 秩统计量regression analysis 回归分析regression coefficient 回归系数regression line 回归线reject 拒绝rejection region 拒绝域relationship 关系reliability 可靠性repeated 重复的report 报告，报表residual 残差residual sum of squares 剩余平方和response 响应risk function 风险函数robustness 稳健性root mean square 标准差row 行run 游程run test 游程检验Ssample 样本sample size 样本容量sample space 样本空间sampling 取样sampling inspection 抽样检验scatter chart 散点图S-curve S形曲线separately 单独地sets 集合sign test 符号检验significance 显著性significance level 显著性水平significance testing 显著性检验significant 显著的，有效的significant digits 有效数字skewed distribution 偏态分布skewness 偏度small sample problem 小样本问题smooth 平滑sort 排序soruces of variation 方差来源space 空间spread 扩展square 平方standard deviation 标准离差standard error of mean 均值的标准误差standardization 标准化standardize 标准化statistic 统计量statistical quality control 统计质量控制std. residual 标准残差stepwise regression analysis 逐步回归stimulus 刺激strong assumption 强假设stud. deleted residual 学生化剔除残差stud. residual 学生化残差subsamples 次级样本sufficient statistic 充分统计量sum 和sum of squares 平方和summary 概括，综述Ttable 表t-distribution t分布test 检验test criterion 检验判据test for linearity 线性检验test of goodness of fit 拟合优度检验test of homogeneity 齐性检验test of independence 独立性检验test rules 检验法则test statistics 检验统计量testing function 检验函数time series 时间序列tolerance limits 容许限total 总共，和transformation 转换treatment 处理trimmed mean 截尾均值true value 真值t-test t检验two-tailed test 双侧检验Uunbalanced 不平衡的unbiased estimation 无偏估计unbiasedness 无偏性uniform distribution 均匀分布Vvalue of estimator 估计值variable 变量variance 方差variance components 方差分量variance ratio 方差比various 不同的vector 向量Wweight 加权，权重weighted average 加权平均值within groups 组内的ZZ score Z分数。
《概率论与数理统计》基本名词中英文对照表英文中文Probability theory 概率论mathematical statistics 数理统计deterministic phenomenon 确定性现象random phenomenon 随机现象sample space 样本空间random occurrence 随机事件fundamental event 基本事件certain event 必然事件impossible event 不可能事件random test 随机试验incompatible events 互不相容事件frequency 频率classical probabilistic model 古典概型geometric probability 几何概率conditional probability 条件概率multiplication theorem 乘法定理Bayes's formula 贝叶斯公式Prior probability 先验概率Posterior probability 后验概率Independent events 相互独立事件Bernoulli trials 贝努利试验random variable 随机变量probability distribution 概率分布distribution function 分布函数discrete random variable 离散随机变量distribution law 分布律hypergeometric distribution 超几何分布random sampling model 随机抽样模型binomial distribution 二项分布Poisson distribution 泊松分布geometric distribution 几何分布probability density 概率密度continuous random variable 连续随机变量uniformly distribution 均匀分布exponential distribution 指数分布numerical character 数字特征mathematical expectation 数学期望variance 方差moment 矩central moment 中心矩n-dimensional random variable n-维随机变量two-dimensional random variable 二维离散随机变量joint probability distribution 联合概率分布joint distribution law 联合分布律joint distribution function 联合分布函数boundary distribution law 边缘分布律boundary distribution function 边缘分布函数exponential distribution 二维指数分布continuous random variable 二维连续随机变量joint probability density 联合概率密度boundary probability density 边缘概率密度conditional distribution 条件分布conditional distribution law 条件分布律conditional probability density 条件概率密度covariance 协方差dependency coefficient 相关系数normal distribution 正态分布limit theorem 极限定理standard normal distribution 标准正态分布logarithmic normal distribution 对数正态分布covariance matrix 协方差矩阵central limit theorem 中心极限定理Chebyshev's inequality 切比雪夫不等式Bernoulli's law of large numbers 贝努利大数定律statistics 统计量simple random sample 简单随机样本sample distribution function 样本分布函数sample mean 样本均值sample variance 样本方差sample standard deviation 样本标准差sample covariance 样本协方差sample correlation coefficient 样本相关系数order statistics 顺序统计量sample median 样本中位数sample fractiles 样本极差sampling distribution 抽样分布parameter estimation 参数估计estimator 估计量estimate value 估计值unbiased estimator 无偏估计unbiassedness 无偏性biased error 偏差mean square error 均方误差relative efficient 相对有效性minimum variance 最小方差asymptotic unbiased estimator 渐近无偏估计量uniformly estimator 一致性估计量moment method of estimation 矩法估计maximum likelihood method of estimation 极大似然估计法likelihood function 似然函数maximum likelihood estimator 极大似然估计值interval estimation 区间估计hypothesis testing 假设检验statistical hypothesis 统计假设simple hypothesis 简单假设composite hypothesis 复合假设rejection region 拒绝域acceptance domain 接受域test statistics 检验统计量linear regression analysis 线性回归分析。
概率论与数理统计专业词汇中英对照表概率论与数理统计专业词汇中英对照表导语：概率论与数理统计是数学的一个有特色且又十分活跃的分支，下面是YJBYS店铺收集整理的概率论与数理统计专业词汇中英对照表，欢迎参考!Aabsolute value 绝对值accept 接受acceptable region 接受域additivity 可加性adjusted 调整的alternative hypothesis 对立假设analysis 分析analysis of covariance 协方差分析analysis of variance 方差分析arithmetic mean 算术平均值association 相关性assumption 假设assumption checking 假设检验availability 有效度average 均值Bbalanced 平衡的band 带宽bar chart 条形图beta-distribution 贝塔分布between groups 组间的bias 偏倚binomial distribution 二项分布binomial test 二项检验Ccalculate 计算case 个案category 类别center of gravity 重心central tendency 中心趋势chi-square distribution 卡方分布chi-square test 卡方检验classify 分类cluster analysis 聚类分析coefficient 系数coefficient of correlation 相关系数collinearity 共线性column 列compare 比较comparison 对照components 构成，分量compound 复合的confidence interval 置信区间consistency 一致性constant 常数continuous variable 连续变量control charts 控制图correlation 相关covariance 协方差covariance matrix 协方差矩阵critical point 临界点critical value 临界值crosstab 列联表cubic 三次的，立方的cubic term 三次项cumulative distribution function 累加分布函数curve estimation 曲线估计Ddata 数据default 默认的definition 定义deleted residual 剔除残差density function 密度函数dependent variable 因变量description 描述design of experiment 试验设计deviations 差异df.(degree of freedom) 自由度diagnostic 诊断dimension 维discrete variable 离散变量discriminant function 判别函数discriminatory analysis 判别分析distance 距离distribution 分布D-optimal design D-优化设计Eeaqual 相等effects of interaction 交互效应efficiency 有效性eigenvalue 特征值equal size 等含量equation 方程error 误差estimate 估计estimation of parameters 参数估计estimations 估计量evaluate 衡量exact value 精确值expectation 期望expected value 期望值exponential 指数的exponential distributon 指数分布extreme value 极值Ffactor 因素，因子factor analysis 因子分析factor score 因子得分factorial designs 析因设计factorial experiment 析因试验fit 拟合fitted line 拟合线fitted value 拟合值fixed model 固定模型fixed variable 固定变量fractional factorial design 部分析因设计frequency 频数F-test F检验full factorial design 完全析因设计function 函数Ggamma distribution 伽玛分布geometric mean 几何均值group 组Hharmomic mean 调和均值heterogeneity 不齐性histogram 直方图homogeneity 齐性homogeneity of variance 方差齐性hypothesis 假设hypothesis test 假设检验Iindependence 独立independent variable 自变量independent-samples 独立样本index 指数index of correlation 相关指数interaction 交互作用interclass correlation 组内相关interval estimate 区间估计intraclass correlation 组间相关inverse 倒数的`terate 迭代Kkernal 核Kolmogorov-Smirnov test 柯尔莫哥洛夫-斯米诺夫检验kurtosis 峰度Llarge sample problem 大样本问题layer 层least-significant difference 最小显著差数least-square estimation 最小二乘估计least-square method 最小二乘法level 水平level of significance 显著性水平leverage value 中心化杠杆值life 寿命life test 寿命试验likelihood function 似然函数likelihood ratio test 似然比检验linear 线性的linear estimator 线性估计linear model 线性模型linear regression 线性回归linear relation 线性关系linear term 线性项logarithmic 对数的logarithms 对数logistic 逻辑的lost function 损失函数。
统计学名词中英文对照默认分类Aabscissa 横坐标absence rate 缺勤率absolute number 绝对数absolute value 绝对值accident error 偶然误差accumulated frequency 累积频数alternative hypothesis 备择假设analysis of data 分析资料analysis of variance（ANOV A）方差分析arith—log paper 算术对数纸arithmetic mean 算术均数assumed mean 假定均数arithmetic weighted mean 加权算术均数asymmetry coefficient 偏度系数average 平均数average deviation 平均差Bbar chart 直条图、条图bias 偏性binomial distribution 二项分布biometrics 生物统计学bivariate normal population 双变量正态总体Ccartogram 统计图case fatality rate(or case mortality) 病死率census 普查chi—sguare（X2) test 卡方检验central tendency 集中趋势class interval 组距classification 分组、分类cluster sampling 整群抽样coefficient of correlation 相关系数coefficient of regression 回归系数coefficient of variability（or coefficieut of variation）变异系数collection of data 收集资料column 列(栏）combinative table 组合表combined standard deviation 合并标准差combined variance（or poolled variance) 合并方差complete survey 全面调查completely correlation 完全相关completely random design 完全随机设计confidence interval 可信区间，置信区间confidence level 可信水平，置信水平confidence limit 可信限，置信限constituent ratio 构成比，结构相对数continuity 连续性control 对照control group 对照组coordinate 坐标correction for continuity 连续性校正correction for grouping 归组校正correction number 校正数correction value 校正值correlation 相关，联系correlation analysis 相关分析correlation coefficient 相关系数critical value 临界值cumulative frequency 累积频率Ddata 资料degree of confidence 可信度，置信度degree of dispersion 离散程度degree of freedom 自由度degree of variation 变异度dependent variable 应变量design of experiment 实验设计deviation from the mean 离均差diagnose accordance rate 诊断符合率difference with significance 差别不显著difference with significance 差别显著discrete variable 离散变量dispersion tendency 离中趋势distribution 分布、分配Eeffective rate 有效率eigenvalue 特征值enumeration data 计数资料equation of linear regression 线性回归方程error 误差error of replication 重复误差error of type II Ⅱ型错误，第二类误差error of type I Ⅰ型错误,第一类误差estimate value 估计值event 事件experiment design 实验设计experiment error 实验误差experimental group 实验组extreme value 极值Ffatality rate 病死率field survey 现场调查fourfold table 四格表freguency 频数freguency distribution 频数分布GGaussian curve 高斯曲线geometric mean 几何均数grouped data 分组资料Hhistogram 直方图homogeneity of variance 方差齐性homogeneity test of variances 方差齐性检验hypothesis test 假设检验hypothetical universe 假设总体Iincidence rate 发病率incomplete survey 非全面调检indepindent variable 自变量indivedual difference 个体差异infection rate 感染率inferior limit 下限initial data 原始数据inspection of data 检查资料intercept 截距interpolation method 内插法interval estimation 区间估计inverse correlation 负相关Kkurtosis coefficient 峰度系数Llatin sguare design 拉丁方设计least significant difference 最小显著差数least square method 最小平方法,最小乘法leptokurtic distribution 尖峭态分布leptokurtosis 峰态，峭度linear chart 线图linear correlation 直线相关linear regression 直线回归linear regression eguation 直线回归方程link relative 环比logarithmic normal distribution 对数正态分布logarithmic scale 对数尺度lognormal distribution 对数正态分布lower limit 下限Mmatched pair design 配对设计mathematical statistics 数理统计（学）maximum value 极大值mean 均值mean of population 总体均数mean square 均方mean variance 均方，方差measurement data 讲量资料median 中位数medical statistics 医学统计学mesokurtosis 正态峰method of least squares 最小平方法,最小乘法method of grouping 分组法method of percentiles 百分位数法mid—value of class 组中值minimum value 极小值mode 众数moment 动差，矩morbidity 患病率mortality 死亡率Nnatality 出生率natural logarithm 自然对数negative correlation 负相关negative skewness 负偏志no correlation 无相关non—linear correlation 非线性相关non-parametric statistics 非参数统计normal curve 正态曲线normal deviate 正态离差normal distribution 正态分布normal population 正态总体normal probability curve 正态概率曲线normal range 正常范围normal value 正常值normal kurtosis 正态峰normality test 正态性检验nosometry 患病率null hypothesis 无效假设，检验假设Oobserved unit 观察单位observed value 观察值one-sided test 单测检验one-tailed test 单尾检验order statistic 顺序统计量ordinal number 秩号ordinate 纵坐标Ppairing data 配对资料parameter 参数percent 百分率percentage 百分数，百分率percentage bar chart 百分条图percentile 百分位数pie diagram 园图placebo 安慰剂planning of survey 调查计划point estimation 点估计population 总体,人口population mean 总体均数population rate 总体率population variance 总体方差positive correlation 正相关positive skewness 正偏态power of a test 把握度,检验效能prevalence rate 患病率probability 概率，机率probability error 偶然误差proportion 比，比率prospective study 前瞻研究prospective survey 前瞻调查public health statistics 卫生统计学Qquality eontrol 质量控制quartile 四分位数Rrandom 随机random digits 随机数字random error 随机误差random numbers table 随机数目表random sample 随机样本random sampling 随机抽样random variable 随机变量randomization 随机化randomized blocks 随机区组,随机单位组randomized blocks analysis ofvariance 随机单位组方差分析randomized blocks design 随机单位组设计randomness 随机性range 极差、全距range of normal values 正常值范围rank 秩，秩次,等级rank correlation 等级相关rank correlation coefficent 等级相关系数rank-sum test 秩和检验rank test 秩(和）检验ranked data 等级资料rate 率ratio 比recovery rate 治愈率registration 登记regression 回归regression analysis 回归分析regression coefficient 回归系数regression eguation 回归方程relative number 相对数relative ratio 比较相对数relative ratio with fixed base 定基比remainder error 剩余误差replication 重复retrospective survey 回顾调查Ridit analysis 参照单位分析Ridit value 参照单位值Ssample 样本sample average 样本均数sample size 样本含量sampling 抽样sampling error 抽样误差sampling statistics 样本统计量sampling survay 抽样调查scaller diagram 散点图schedule of survey 调查表semi—logarithmic chart 半对数线图semi—measursement data 半计量资料semi—guartile range 四分位数间距sensitivity 灵敏度sex ratio 性比例sign test 符号检验significance 显著性,意义significance level 显著性水平significance test 显著性检验significant difference 差别显著simple random sampling 单纯随机抽样simple table 简单表size of sample 样本含量skewness 偏态slope 斜率sorting data 整理资料sorting table 整理表sources of variation 变异来源square deviation 方差standard deviation（SD) 标准差standard error （SE）标准误standard error of estimate 标准估计误差standard error of the mean 均数的标准误standardization 标准化standardized rate 标化率standardized normal distribution 标准正态分布statistic 统计量statistics 统计学statistical induction 统计图statistical inference 统计归纳statistical map 统计推断statistical method 统计地图statistical survey 统计方法statistical table 统计调查statistical test 统计表statistical treatment 统计检验stratified sampling 统计处理stochastic variable 分层抽样sum of cross products of 随机变量deviation from mean 离均差积和sum of ranks 秩和sum of sguares of deviation from mean 离均差平方和superior limit 上限survival rate 生存率symmetry 对称（性)systematic error 系统误差systematic sampling 机械抽样Tt-distribution t分布t-test t检验tabulation method 划记法test of normality 正态性检验test of one—sided 单侧检验test of one-tailed 单尾检验test of significance 显著性检验test of two-sided 双侧检验test of two-tailed 双尾检验theoretical frequency 理论频数theoretical number 理论数treatment 处理treatment factor 处理因素treatment of date 数据处理two—factor analysis of variance 双因素方差分析two-sided test 双侧检验two—tailed test 双尾检验type I error 第一类误差type II error 第二类误差typical survey 典型调查Uu test u检验universe 总体，全域ungrouped data 未分组资料upper limit 上限Vvariable 变量variance 方差,均方variance analysis 方差分析variance ratio 方差比variate 变量variation coefficient 变异系数velocity of development 发展速度velocity of increase 增长速度Wweight 权数weighted mean 加权均数Zzero correlation 零相关。
《概率论与数理统计》基本名词中英文对照表中文英文Probability theory 概率论mathematical statistics 数理统计deterministic phenomenon 确定性现象random phenomenon 随机现象sample space 样本空间random occurrence 随机事件fundamental event 基本事件certain event 必然事件impossible event 不可能事件random test 随机试验incompatible events 互不相容事件frequency 频率classical probabilistic model 古典概型geometric probability 几何概率conditional probability 条件概率multiplication theorem 乘法定理Bayes's formula 贝叶斯公式Prior probability 先验概率Posterior probability 后验概率Independent events 相互独立事件Bernoulli trials 贝努利试验random variable 随机变量1probability distribution 概率分布distribution function 分布函数discrete random variable 离散随机变量distribution law 分布律hypergeometric distribution 超几何分布random sampling model 随机抽样模型binomial distribution 二项分布Poisson distribution 泊松分布geometric distribution 几何分布probability density 概率密度continuous random variable 连续随机变量uniformly distribution 均匀分布exponential distribution 指数分布numerical character 数字特征mathematical expectation 数学期望variance 方差moment 矩central moment 中心矩n-dimensional random variable n-维随机变量two-dimensional random variable 二维离散随机变量joint probability distribution 联合概率分布joint distribution law 联合分布律joint distribution function 联合分布函数boundary distribution law 边缘分布律2boundary distribution function 边缘分布函数exponential distribution 二维指数分布continuous random variable 二维连续随机变量joint probability density 联合概率密度boundary probability density 边缘概率密度conditional distribution 条件分布conditional distribution law 条件分布律conditional probability density 条件概率密度covariance 协方差dependency coefficient 相关系数normal distribution 正态分布limit theorem 极限定理standard normal distribution 标准正态分布logarithmic normal distribution 对数正态分布covariance matrix 协方差矩阵central limit theorem 中心极限定理Chebyshev's inequality 切比雪夫不等式Bernoulli's law of large numbers 贝努利大数定律statistics 统计量simple random sample 简单随机样本sample distribution function 样本分布函数sample mean 样本均值sample variance 样本方差sample standard deviation 样本标准差3sample covariance 样本协方差sample correlation coefficient 样本相关系数order statistics 顺序统计量sample median 样本中位数sample fractiles 样本极差sampling distribution 抽样分布parameter estimation 参数估计estimator 估计量estimate value 估计值unbiased estimator 无偏估计unbiassedness 无偏性biased error 偏差mean square error 均方误差relative efficient 相对有效性minimum variance 最小方差asymptotic unbiased estimator 渐近无偏估计量uniformly estimator 一致性估计量moment method of estimation 矩法估计maximum likelihood method of estimation 极大似然估计法likelihood function 似然函数maximum likelihood estimator 极大似然估计值interval estimation 区间估计hypothesis testing 假设检验statistical hypothesis 统计假设4simple hypothesis 简单假设composite hypothesis 复合假设rejection region 拒绝域acceptance domain 接受域test statistics 检验统计量linear regression analysis 线性回归分析5。
概率论与数理统计——Probability theory and mathematical statistics第一章随机事件与概率——Chapter 1. Random events and probability试验 Experiment随机的 Random；Stochastic随机性 Randomnesstest；Random experiment随机试验 Randomevent随机事件 Randomevent基本事件 Elementaryevent复合事件 Compoundspace样本空间 Sampleevent必然事件 Certainevent不可能事件 Impossible事件的出现Occurrence of eventevent积事件 Product不相容 Incompatibleexclusive互不相容 Mutuallyevent不相容事件 Incompatibleevents不相交事件 Disjiont频率 Frequency概率 Probability可能性 Possibilityset；Non-enumerable set不可数集 Non-denumerable可数的 Numerable可列 Countable；Denumerable；Enumerableinfinite可列无穷 Enumerableadditivity可列可加性 Countablemodel概率模型 Probabilisticprobability等概率 Equal等可能事件Equally likely event条件概率 Conditionalprobabilitytheorem乘法定理 Multiplicationformula乘积公式 Product全概率 TotalprobabilityTheorem贝叶斯定理 Bayes’后验概率 Posteriorprobabilityprobability先验概率 Prior独立 Independence独立事件 Independentevent独立随机事件Independent random eventindependence两两独立 Pairwise两两独立事件Pairwise independence eventstrial伯努利试验 Bernouill’sevents事件序列 Sequenceof第二章随机变量及其分布——Chapter 2. Random variables and their distribution分布 Distributiondistribution概率分布 Probabilityvariable随机变量 Random离散 Discrete离散随机变量Discrete random variabledistribution离散分布 Discretedistribution一维概率分布 One-dimensionalprobability连续随机变量Continuous random variable连续分布 Continuousdistributionfunction密度函数 Densityfunction分布函数 Distributiondistribution两点分布 Two-pointdistribution零一分布 Zero-onedistribution二项分布 Binomialdistribution超几何分布 Hypergeometrydistribution泊松分布 Poisson均匀分布 Uniformdistributiondistribution指数分布 Exponentialdistribution正态分布 Normal高斯分布 Gaussiandistributiondistributionnormal标准正态分布 Standarddistribution几何分布 GeometricdistributionΓ分布 Gammadistribution瑞利分布 Rayleigh第三章二维随机变量及其分布——Chapter 3. Two-dimension random variables and their distributionvector随机向量 Random联合分布 Jointdistributionn维概率分布n-dimensional probability distributiondistribution边缘分布 Marginal联合分布函数Joint distribution function联合概率分布Joint probability distributiondistributionprobability条件概率分布 Conditional条件概率函数Conditional probability functiondensity联合密度 Joint联合概率密度Joint probability densitydensity边缘密度 Marginalprobabilitydensity条件概率密度 Conditional二元正态分布Bivariate normal distributionnormaldistribution多元正态分布 Multivariate多维正态分布Multidimensional normal distributionn维正态分布n-dimensional normal distribution随机变量独立性Independence of random variable独立随机变量Independent random variable卷积 Convolution第四章数字特征——Chapter 4. Numeric characteristic期望 Expectationexpectation数学期望 Mathematicalvector均值向量 Mean方差 Variancedeviation标准差 Standard偏差 Deviation标准化随机变量Standardized random variable协方差 Covariancematrix协方差矩阵 Covariance相关系数 Correlationcoefficient；Related coefficient不相关 Irrelevancecorrelation负相关 Negative矩 Momentmoment中心矩 Centralmoment一阶矩 First峰度 Leptokurtosisfunction矩函数 Moment矩母函数Moment generating functioninequality切比雪夫不等式 Chybyshevprobability依概率收敛 Convergenceinconvergence弱收敛 Weak大数定律Law of large number弱大数定律Weak law of large numberslimitTheorem中心极限定理 Centraldistribution极限分布 Limiting第五章数理统计的基本概念——Chapter 5. Fundamental concept of mathematical statistics 统计 Statistic总体 Population；Ensemble；Totalitydistribution总体分布 Populationparameter总体参数 Population随机抽样法Method of random samplingprocession数据处理 Datavalue观测值 Observedinterval组距 Classlimits组限 Classmean组平均 Classmidpoint组中值 Classerror分组误差 Grouping直方图 Histogramvariance经验方差 Empiricalfunction经验分布函数 Empiricaldistributionpopulation正态总体 Normalaverage简单平均 Simple平均值 Mean；Mean value；Average权 Weightaverage；Weighted mean加权平均值 Weighted总体均值 Populationmean；Ensemble averagevariance总体方差 Population离差平方和Sum of squares of deviationsmoment总体矩 Populationmoment总体中心矩 Populationcentral样本 Sampleaverage样本均值 Sample样本相关系数 Samplecoefficientcorrelationmean样本均值 Samplemoment样本矩 Samplepoint样本点 Samplesize样本容量 Samplespace样本空间 Sample样本标准差Sample standard deviationvariance样本方差 Sample抽样 Samplinginspection抽样检验 Sampling均方根 Root-mean-squaresquaredeviation均方差 Mean众数 Mode分位数 Quantile峰值 Peakχ 2分布Chi square distributiont分布 t-distribution临界值 Marginalvalueoffreedom自由度 Degree无限自由度Infinite degree of freedomstatistics充分统计量 Sufficient第六章参数估计——Chapter 6. Parameter estimation总体参数Parameter of population估计 Estimate估计量 Estimatorestimation点估计 Point矩法Method of momentestimation 矩估计法 Momentofmethodfunction似然函数 Likelihoodequation似然方程 Likelihoodlikelihood最大似然 Maximum最大似然法Method of maximum likelihoodestimate最大似然估计 Maximumlikelihood相关的估计量Estimate of correlationestimates充分估计量 Sufficient无偏的 Unbiased无偏性 Unbiasedness；Without bias无偏估计 Unbiasedestimate；Unbiased estimation有效性 Validityestimation有效估计 Efficiency有效估计量 Efficiencyestimatorerrorsquare均方误差 Mean最小方差估计Minimum variance estimation一致最小方差无偏估计Uniformly minimum variance unbiased estimationestimation；Estimate by a interval区间估计 Intervalinterval；Fiducial interval置信区间 Confidencelevel置信水平 Confidenceconfidenceof置信度 Degreelimit置信限 Fiducial总体比例估计Estimate of population proportion总体方差估计Estimate of population variance第七章假设检验——Chapter 7. Hypothesis testing假设 Hypothesis统计假设 Statisticalhypothesistesting；Test of hypothesis；Testing of hypothesis 假设检验 Hypothesis小概率事件Event of small probabilitystatistics检验统计量 Testtest双侧检验 Two-sidesofacceptance；Acceptance region接受域 Region拒绝域Region of rejection显著水平Level of significance；Significance level第八章回归分析——Chapter 8. Regression analysis回归 Regression回归分析 Regressionanalysisequation回归方程 Regression回归系数估计Estimate of regression coefficient线性回归 Linearregression拟和 Fittingmethod；Minimum squares method最小二乘法 Leastsquare残差 Residual残差平方和Residual sum of squares；Square sum of residues方差分析 Varianceanalysis曲线拟和Fitting of a curve多项式拟和Fitting of a polynomial直线拟和Fitting of a straight linefit拟和优度 Goodnessof拟和优度检验Goodness of fit testregression非线性回归 Nonlinearanalysis 非线性回归分析 Nonlinearregression。
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概率论与数理统计——Probability theory and mathematical statistics第一章随机事件与概率——Chapter 1. Random events and probability试验 Experiment随机的 Random；Stochastic随机性 Randomnesstest；Random experiment随机试验 Randomevent随机事件 Randomevent基本事件 Elementaryevent复合事件 Compoundspace样本空间 Sampleevent必然事件 Certainevent不可能事件 Impossible事件的出现Occurrence of eventevent积事件 Product不相容 Incompatibleexclusive互不相容 Mutuallyevent不相容事件 Incompatibleevents不相交事件 Disjiont频率 Frequency概率 Probability可能性 Possibilityset；Non-enumerable set不可数集 Non-denumerable可数的 Numerable可列 Countable；Denumerable；Enumerableinfinite可列无穷 Enumerableadditivity可列可加性 Countablemodel概率模型 Probabilisticprobability等概率 Equal等可能事件Equally likely event条件概率 Conditionalprobabilitytheorem乘法定理 Multiplicationformula乘积公式 Product全概率 TotalprobabilityTheorem贝叶斯定理 Bayes’后验概率 Posteriorprobabilityprobability先验概率 Prior独立 Independence独立事件 Independentevent独立随机事件Independent random eventindependence两两独立 Pairwise两两独立事件Pairwise independence eventstrial伯努利试验 Bernouill’sevents事件序列 Sequenceof第二章随机变量及其分布——Chapter 2. Random variables and their distribution分布 Distributiondistribution概率分布 Probabilityvariable随机变量 Random离散 Discrete离散随机变量Discrete random variabledistribution离散分布 Discretedistribution一维概率分布 One-dimensionalprobability连续随机变量Continuous random variable连续分布 Continuousdistributionfunction密度函数 Densityfunction分布函数 Distributiondistribution两点分布 Two-pointdistribution零一分布 Zero-onedistribution二项分布 Binomialdistribution超几何分布 Hypergeometrydistribution泊松分布 Poisson均匀分布 Uniformdistributiondistribution指数分布 Exponentialdistribution正态分布 Normal高斯分布 Gaussiandistributiondistributionnormal标准正态分布 Standarddistribution几何分布 GeometricdistributionΓ分布 Gammadistribution瑞利分布 Rayleigh第三章二维随机变量及其分布——Chapter 3. Two-dimension random variables and their distributionvector随机向量 Random联合分布 Jointdistributionn维概率分布n-dimensional probability distributiondistribution边缘分布 Marginal联合分布函数Joint distribution function联合概率分布Joint probability distributiondistributionprobability条件概率分布 Conditional条件概率函数Conditional probability functiondensity联合密度 Joint联合概率密度Joint probability densitydensity边缘密度 Marginalprobabilitydensity条件概率密度 Conditional二元正态分布Bivariate normal distributionnormaldistribution多元正态分布 Multivariate多维正态分布Multidimensional normal distributionn维正态分布n-dimensional normal distribution随机变量独立性Independence of random variable独立随机变量Independent random variable卷积 Convolution第四章数字特征——Chapter 4. Numeric characteristic期望 Expectationexpectation数学期望 Mathematicalvector均值向量 Mean方差 Variancedeviation标准差 Standard偏差 Deviation标准化随机变量Standardized random variable协方差 Covariancematrix协方差矩阵 Covariance相关系数 Correlationcoefficient；Related coefficient不相关 Irrelevancecorrelation负相关 Negative矩 Momentmoment中心矩 Centralmoment一阶矩 First峰度 Leptokurtosisfunction矩函数 Moment矩母函数Moment generating functioninequality切比雪夫不等式 Chybyshevprobability依概率收敛 Convergenceinconvergence弱收敛 Weak大数定律Law of large number弱大数定律Weak law of large numberslimitTheorem中心极限定理 Centraldistribution极限分布 Limiting第五章数理统计的基本概念——Chapter 5. Fundamental concept of mathematical statistics 统计 Statistic总体 Population；Ensemble；Totalitydistribution总体分布 Populationparameter总体参数 Population随机抽样法Method of random samplingprocession数据处理 Datavalue观测值 Observedinterval组距 Classlimits组限 Classmean组平均 Classmidpoint组中值 Classerror分组误差 Grouping直方图 Histogramvariance经验方差 Empiricalfunction经验分布函数 Empiricaldistributionpopulation正态总体 Normalaverage简单平均 Simple平均值 Mean；Mean value；Average权 Weightaverage；Weighted mean加权平均值 Weighted总体均值 Populationmean；Ensemble averagevariance总体方差 Population离差平方和Sum of squares of deviationsmoment总体矩 Populationmoment总体中心矩 Populationcentral样本 Sampleaverage样本均值 Sample样本相关系数 Samplecoefficientcorrelationmean样本均值 Samplemoment样本矩 Samplepoint样本点 Samplesize样本容量 Samplespace样本空间 Sample样本标准差Sample standard deviationvariance样本方差 Sample抽样 Samplinginspection抽样检验 Sampling均方根 Root-mean-squaresquaredeviation均方差 Mean众数 Mode分位数 Quantile峰值 Peakχ 2分布Chi square distributiont分布 t-distribution临界值 Marginalvalueoffreedom自由度 Degree无限自由度Infinite degree of freedomstatistics充分统计量 Sufficient第六章参数估计——Chapter 6. Parameter estimation总体参数Parameter of population估计 Estimate估计量 Estimatorestimation点估计 Point矩法Method of momentestimation 矩估计法 Momentofmethodfunction似然函数 Likelihoodequation似然方程 Likelihoodlikelihood最大似然 Maximum最大似然法Method of maximum likelihoodestimate最大似然估计 Maximumlikelihood相关的估计量Estimate of correlationestimates充分估计量 Sufficient无偏的 Unbiased无偏性 Unbiasedness；Without bias无偏估计 Unbiasedestimate；Unbiased estimation有效性 Validityestimation有效估计 Efficiency有效估计量 Efficiencyestimatorerrorsquare均方误差 Mean最小方差估计Minimum variance estimation一致最小方差无偏估计Uniformly minimum variance unbiased estimationestimation；Estimate by a interval区间估计 Intervalinterval；Fiducial interval置信区间 Confidencelevel置信水平 Confidenceconfidenceof置信度 Degreelimit置信限 Fiducial总体比例估计Estimate of population proportion总体方差估计Estimate of population variance第七章假设检验——Chapter 7. Hypothesis testing假设 Hypothesis统计假设 Statisticalhypothesistesting；Test of hypothesis；Testing of hypothesis 假设检验 Hypothesis小概率事件Event of small probabilitystatistics检验统计量 Testtest双侧检验 Two-sidesofacceptance；Acceptance region接受域 Region拒绝域Region of rejection显著水平Level of significance；Significance level第八章回归分析——Chapter 8. Regression analysis回归 Regression回归分析 Regressionanalysisequation回归方程 Regression回归系数估计Estimate of regression coefficient线性回归 Linearregression拟和 Fittingmethod；Minimum squares method最小二乘法 Leastsquare残差 Residual残差平方和Residual sum of squares；Square sum of residues方差分析 Varianceanalysis曲线拟和Fitting of a curve多项式拟和Fitting of a polynomial直线拟和Fitting of a straight linefit拟和优度 Goodnessof拟和优度检验Goodness of fit testregression非线性回归 Nonlinearanalysis 非线性回归分析 Nonlinearregression。
Sample Space 样本空间The set of all possible outcomes of a statistical experiment is called the sample space.Event 事件An event is a subset of a sample space.certain event （必然事件）：The sample space S itself, is certainly an event, which is called a certain event, means that it always occurs in the experiment.impossible event （不可能事件）：The empty set, denoted by ∅, is also an event, called an impossible event, means that it never occurs in the experiment.Probability of events （概率）If the number of successes in n trails is denoted by s , and if the sequence of relative frequencies /s n obtained for larger and larger value of n approaches a limit, then this limit is defined as the probability of success in a single trial.“equally likely to occur”------probability （古典概率）If a sample space S consists of N sample points, each is equally likely to occur. Assume that the event A consists of n sample points, then the probability p that A occurs is ()np P A N== Mutually exclusive(互斥事件) ,,n A are called , j A =∅∀)(AB P A =Mutually independent 事件的独立性Two events A and B are said to be independent if()()()P A B P A P B =⋅Or Two events A and B are independent if and only if(|)()P B A P B =.Conditional Probability 条件概率The probability of an event is frequently influenced by other events.)()A B A if 乘法定理 If 12k ,,,A A A are events, then12k 121312121()()(|)(|)(|)k k P A A A P A P A A P A A A P A A A A -=⋅⋅Ifthe events12k ,,,A A A areindependent, then for any subset12{,,,}{1,2,,}m i i i k ⊂,1212()()()()m mP AA A P A P A P A i i i i i i =(全概率公式 total probability) 1j = formula.） If the events 12,,,k B B B constitute a partition of the sample space)()(|)()i i P B A P B A P A =Using the theorem of total probability, we have1()(|)(|)()(|)i i i kjjj P B P A B P B A P B P A B ==∑ 1,2,,i k =1. random variable definition2. Distribution functionNote The distribution function ()F X is defined on real numbers, not on sample space. 3. PropertiesThe distribution function ()F x of a random variable X has the following properties:3.2 Discrete Random Variables 离散型随机变量a,,}ngeometric distribution （几何分布）Binomial distribution（二项分布）poisson distribution（泊松分布）2,}, and if0,1,2,Expectation (mean) 数学期望2．Variance 方差standard deviation （标准差）probability density function概率密度函数5. Mean （均值）6. variance 方差.4.2 Uniform Distribution 均匀分布The uniform distribution, with the parameters a a nd b , has probability density function1for ,()0 elsewhere,a xb f x b a⎧<<⎪=-⎨⎪⎩4.5 Exponential Distribution 指数分布4.3 Normal Distribution正态分布1. Definition4.4 Normal Approximation to the Binomial Distribution （二项分布）4.7 Chebyshev’s Theorem （切比雪夫定理）Joint probability distribution （联合分布）In the study of probability, given at least two random variables X, Y , ..., that are defined on a probability space, the joint probabilitydistribution for X, Y , ... is a probability distribution that gives the probability that each of X, Y , ... falls in any particular range or discrete set of values specified for that variable. 5.2 C onditional distribution 条件分布Consistent with the definition of conditional probability of events when A is the event X =x and B is the event Y =y , the conditional probability distribution of X given Y =y is defined as(,)(|)()X Y p x y p x y p y =for all x provided ()0Y p y ≠. 5.3 S tatistical independent 随机变量的独立性5.4 Covariance and Correlation 协方差和相关系数We now define two related quantities whose role in characterizing the interdependence of X and Y we want to examine.理We can find the steadily of the frequency of the events in large number of random phenomenon. And the average of large number of random variables are also steadiness. These results are the law of large numbers.population (总体)A population may consist of finitely or infinitely many varieties. sample （样本、子样）中位数Sample Distributions 抽样分布1．sampling distribution of the mean 均值的抽样分布It is customary to write )(X E as X μ and )(X D as 2X σ.Here, ()E X μ= is called the expectation of the mean .均值的期望 n X σσ= is called the standard error of the mean. 均值的标准差7.1 Point Estimate 点估计Unbiased estimator(无偏估计量)minimum variance unbiased estimator （最小方差无偏估计量）3. Method of Moments 矩估计的方法confidence interval----- 置信区间lower confidence limits-----置信下限upper confidence limits----- 置信上限degree of confidence----置信度2．极大似然函数likelihood functionmaximum likelihood estimate（最大似然估计）8.1 Statistical Hypotheses（统计假设）显著性水平Two Types of Errors。
1.Hypothesis Test 假设检验2.Significance Level 显著性水平3.第一类错误：Type I Error4.第二类错误：Type II Error5.双边检验：two-sided(tailed) test6.单边检验：one-sided(tailed) test7.数学期望：Mathematical Expectation8.方差：Variance9.标准差：standard deviation10.样本均值：sample mean11.样本方差：sample variance12.样本标准差：sample standard deviation13.统计量：statistic14.正态分布：normal distribution15.标准正态分布：standard normal distribution16.零假设（原假设）：i.Null hypothesis17.备择假设：i.Alternative hypothesis18.拒绝：reject19.p值：在原假设为真的情况下，观察到所给样本的概率。
20.平方和：sum of squares21.自由度：degree of freedom22.方差分析：analysis of variance(ANOVA)23.均方：mean square24.F统计量：F statistic25.行：row26.列：column27.交互作用：interaction28.多项式：polynomial29.回归分析：regression analysis30.线性回归分析：linear regression analysis31.非线性回归分析：nonlinear RA32.Matlab：商业软件33.Scilab：开源软件 5.1.134.逐步回归：stepwise regressioni.(回归分析中选择变量的方法)ii.。
源：/Article/Class3/Class13/200601/1355.html 作者：chaoneng概率论与数理统计词汇英汉对照表Aabsolute value 绝对值accept 接受acceptable region 接受域additivity 可加性adjusted 调整的alternative hypothesis 对立假设analysis 分析analysis of covariance 协方差分析analysis of variance 方差分析arithmetic mean 算术平均值association 相关性assumption 假设assumption checking 假设检验availability 有效度average 均值Bbalanced 平衡的band 带宽bar chart 条形图beta-distribution 贝塔分布between groups 组间的bias 偏倚binomial distribution 二项分布binomial test 二项检验Ccalculate 计算case 个案category 类别center of gravity 重心central tendency 中心趋势chi-square distribution 卡方分布chi-square test 卡方检验classify 分类cluster analysis 聚类分析coefficient 系数coefficient of correlation 相关系数collinearity 共线性column 列compare 比较comparison 对照components 构成，分量compound 复合的confidence interval 置信区间consistency 一致性constant 常数continuous variable 连续变量control charts 控制图correlation 相关covariance 协方差covariance matrix 协方差矩阵critical point 临界点critical value 临界值crosstab 列联表cubic 三次的，立方的cubic term 三次项cumulative distribution function 累加分布函数curve estimation 曲线估计Ddata 数据default 默认的definition 定义deleted residual 剔除残差density function 密度函数dependent variable 因变量description 描述design of experiment 试验设计deviations 差异df.(degree of freedom) 自由度diagnostic 诊断dimension 维discrete variable 离散变量discriminant function 判别函数discriminatory analysis 判别分析distance 距离distribution 分布D-optimal design D-优化设计Eeaqual 相等effects of interaction 交互效应[Last edit by happyjyl]关键词：仪器分析数理统计样条优化方法最优efficiency 有效性eigenvalue 特征值equal size 等含量equation 方程error 误差estimate 估计estimation of parameters 参数估计estimations 估计量evaluate 衡量exact value 精确值expectation 期望expected value 期望值exponential 指数的exponential distributon 指数分布extreme value 极值Ffactor 因素，因子factor analysis 因子分析factor score 因子得分factorial designs 析因设计factorial experiment 析因试验fit 拟合fitted line 拟合线fitted value 拟合值fixed model 固定模型fixed variable 固定变量fractional factorial design 部分析因设计frequency 频数F-test F检验full factorial design 完全析因设计function 函数Ggamma distribution 伽玛分布geometric mean 几何均值group 组Hharmomic mean 调和均值heterogeneity 不齐性histogram 直方图homogeneity 齐性homogeneity of variance 方差齐性hypothesis 假设hypothesis test 假设检验Iindependence 独立independent variable 自变量independent-samples 独立样本index 指数index of correlation 相关指数interaction 交互作用interclass correlation 组内相关interval estimate 区间估计intraclass correlation 组间相关inverse 倒数的iterate 迭代Kkernal 核Kolmogorov-Smirnov test柯尔莫哥洛夫-斯米诺夫检验kurtosis 峰度Llarge sample problem 大样本问题layer 层least-significant difference 最小显著差数least-square estimation 最小二乘估计least-square method 最小二乘法level 水平level of significance 显著性水平leverage value 中心化杠杆值life 寿命life test 寿命试验likelihood function 似然函数likelihood ratio test 似然比检验linear 线性的linear estimator 线性估计linear model 线性模型linear regression 线性回归linear relation 线性关系linear term 线性项logarithmic 对数的logarithms 对数logistic 逻辑的lost function 损失函数Mmain effect 主效应matrix 矩阵maximum 最大值maximum likelihood estimation 极大似然估计mean squared deviation(MSD) 均方差mean sum of square 均方和measure 衡量media 中位数M-estimator M估计minimum 最小值missing values 缺失值mixed model 混合模型mode 众数model 模型Monte Carle method 蒙特卡罗法moving average 移动平均值multicollinearity 多元共线性multiple comparison 多重比较multiple correlation 多重相关multiple correlation coefficient 复相关系数multiple correlation coefficient 多元相关系数multiple regression analysis 多元回归分析multiple regression equation 多元回归方程multiple response 多响应multivariate analysis 多元分析Nnegative relationship 负相关nonadditively 不可加性nonlinear 非线性nonlinear regression 非线性回归noparametric tests 非参数检验normal distribution 正态分布null hypothesis 零假设number of cases 个案数Oone-sample 单样本one-tailed test 单侧检验one-way ANOVA 单向方差分析one-way classification 单向分类optimal 优化的optimum allocation 最优配制order 排序order statistics 次序统计量origin 原点orthogonal 正交的outliers 异常值Ppaired observations 成对观测数据paired-sample 成对样本parameter 参数parameter estimation 参数估计partial correlation 偏相关partial correlation coefficient 偏相关系数partial regression coefficient 偏回归系数percent 百分数percentiles 百分位数pie chart 饼图point estimate 点估计poisson distribution 泊松分布polynomial curve 多项式曲线polynomial regression 多项式回归polynomials 多项式positive relationship 正相关power 幂P-P plot P-P概率图predict 预测predicted value 预测值prediction intervals 预测区间principal component analysis 主成分分析proability 概率probability density function 概率密度函数probit analysis 概率分析proportion 比例Qqadratic 二次的Q-Q plot Q-Q概率图quadratic term 二次项quality control 质量控制quantitative 数量的，度量的quartiles 四分位数Rrandom 随机的random number 随机数random number 随机数random sampling 随机取样random seed 随机数种子random variable 随机变量randomization 随机化range 极差rank 秩rank correlation 秩相关rank statistic 秩统计量regression analysis 回归分析regression coefficient 回归系数regression line 回归线reject 拒绝rejection region 拒绝域relationship 关系reliability 可靠性repeated 重复的report 报告，报表residual 残差residual sum of squares 剩余平方和response 响应risk function 风险函数robustness 稳健性root mean square 标准差row 行run 游程run test 游程检验Ssample 样本sample size 样本容量sample space 样本空间sampling 取样sampling inspection 抽样检验scatter chart 散点图S-curve S形曲线separately 单独地sets 集合sign test 符号检验significance 显著性significance level 显著性水平significance testing 显著性检验significant 显著的，有效的significant digits 有效数字skewed distribution 偏态分布skewness 偏度small sample problem 小样本问题smooth 平滑sort 排序soruces of variation 方差来源space 空间spread 扩展square 平方standard deviation 标准离差standard error of mean 均值的标准误差standardization 标准化standardize 标准化statistic 统计量statistical quality control 统计质量控制std. residual 标准残差stepwise regression analysis 逐步回归stimulus 刺激strong assumption 强假设stud. deleted residual 学生化剔除残差stud. residual 学生化残差subsamples 次级样本sufficient statistic 充分统计量sum 和sum of squares 平方和summary 概括，综述Ttable 表t-distribution t分布test 检验test criterion 检验判据test for linearity 线性检验test of goodness of fit 拟合优度检验test of homogeneity 齐性检验test of independence 独立性检验test rules 检验法则test statistics 检验统计量testing function 检验函数time series 时间序列tolerance limits 容许限total 总共，和transformation 转换treatment 处理trimmed mean 截尾均值true value 真值t-test t检验two-tailed test 双侧检验Uunbalanced 不平衡的unbiased estimation 无偏估计unbiasedness 无偏性uniform distribution 均匀分布Vvalue of estimator 估计值variable 变量variance 方差variance components 方差分量variance ratio 方差比various 不同的vector 向量Wweight 加权，权重weighted average 加权平均值within groups 组内的ZZ score Z分数最优化方法词汇英汉对照表Aactive constraint 活动约束active set method 活动集法analytic gradient 解析梯度approximate 近似arbitrary 强制性的argument 变量attainment factor 达到因子Bbandwidth 带宽be equivalent to 等价于best-fit 最佳拟合bound 边界Ccoefficient 系数complex-value 复数值component 分量constant 常数constrained 有约束的constraint 约束constraint function 约束函数continuous 连续的converge 收敛cubic polynomial interpolation method 三次多项式插值法curve-fitting 曲线拟合Ddata-fitting 数据拟合default 默认的，默认的define 定义diagonal 对角的direct search method 直接搜索法direction of search 搜索方向discontinuous 不连续Eeigenvalue 特征值empty matrix 空矩阵equality 等式exceeded 溢出的Ffeasible 可行的feasible solution 可行解finite-difference 有限差分first-order 一阶GGauss-Newton method 高斯-牛顿法goal attainment problem 目标达到问题gradient 梯度gradient method 梯度法Hhandle 句柄Hessian matrix 海色矩阵Iindependent variables 独立变量inequality 不等式infeasibility 不可行性infeasible 不可行的initial feasible solution 初始可行解initialize 初始化inverse 逆invoke 激活iteration 迭代iteration 迭代JJacobian 雅可比矩阵LLagrange multiplier 拉格朗日乘子large-scale 大型的least square 最小二乘least squares sense 最小二乘意义上的Levenberg-Marquardt method列文伯格-马夸尔特法line search 一维搜索linear 线性的linear equality constraints 线性等式约束linear programming problem 线性规划问题local solution 局部解Mmedium-scale 中型的minimize 最小化mixed quadratic and cubic polynomial interpolation and extrapolation method 混合二次、三次多项式内插、外插法multiobjective 多目标的Nnonlinear 非线性的norm 范数Oobjective function 目标函数observed data 测量数据optimization routine 优化过程optimize 优化optimizer 求解器over-determined system 超定系统Pparameter 参数partial derivatives 偏导数polynomial interpolation method多项式插值法Qquadratic 二次的quadratic interpolation method 二次内插法quadratic programming 二次规划Rreal-value 实数值residuals 残差robust 稳健的robustness 稳健性，鲁棒性Sscalar 标量semi-infinitely problem 半无限问题Sequential Quadratic Programming method 序列二次规划法simplex search method 单纯形法solution 解sparse matrix 稀疏矩阵sparsity pattern 稀疏模式sparsity structure 稀疏结构starting point 初始点step length 步长subspace trust region method 子空间置信域法sum-of-squares 平方和symmetric matrix 对称矩阵Ttermination message 终止信息termination tolerance 终止容限the exit condition 退出条件the method of steepest descent 最速下降法transpose 转置Uunconstrained 无约束的under-determined system 负定系统Vvariable 变量vector 矢量Wweighting matrix 加权矩阵样条词汇英汉对照表Aapproximation 逼近array 数组a spline in b-form/b-spline b样条a spline of polynomial piece /ppform spline 分段多项式样条Bbivariate spline function 二元样条函数break/breaks 断点Ccoefficient/coefficients 系数cubic interpolation 三次插值/三次内插cubic polynomial 三次多项式cubic smoothing spline 三次平滑样条cubic spline 三次样条cubic spline interpolation三次样条插值/三次样条内插curve 曲线Ddegree of freedom 自由度dimension 维数Eend conditions 约束条件Iinput argument 输入参数interpolation 插值/内插interval 取值区间Kknot/knots 节点Lleast-squares approximation 最小二乘拟合Mmultiplicity 重次multivariate function 多元函数Ooptional argument 可选参数order 阶次output argument 输出参数Ppoint/points 数据点Rrational spline 有理样条rounding error 舍入误差（相对误差）Sscalar 标量sequence 数列（数组）spline 样条spline approximation 样条逼近/样条拟合spline function 样条函数spline curve 样条曲线spline interpolation 样条插值/样条内插spline surface 样条曲面smoothing spline 平滑样条Ttolerance 允许精度Uunivariate function 一元函数Vvector 向量Wweight/weights 权重4 偏微分方程数值解词汇英汉对照表Aabsolute error 绝对误差absolute tolerance 绝对容限adaptive mesh 适应性网格Bboundary condition 边界条件Ccontour plot 等值线图converge 收敛coordinate 坐标系Ddecomposed 分解的decomposed geometry matrix 分解几何矩阵diagonal matrix 对角矩阵Dirichlet boundary conditionsDirichlet边界条件Eeigenvalue 特征值elliptic 椭圆形的error estimate 误差估计exact solution 精确解Ggeneralized Neumann boundary condition 推广的Neumann边界条件geometry 几何形状geometry description matrix 几何描述矩阵geometry matrix 几何矩阵graphical user interface（GUI）图形用户界面Hhyperbolic 双曲线的Iinitial mesh 初始网格Jjiggle 微调LLagrange multipliers 拉格朗日乘子Laplace equation 拉普拉斯方程linear interpolation 线性插值loop 循环Mmachine precision 机器精度mixed boundary condition 混合边界条件NNeuman boundary condition Neuman边界条件node point 节点nonlinear solver 非线性求解器normal vector 法向量PParabolic 抛物线型的partial differential equation 偏微分方程plane strain 平面应变plane stress 平面应力Poisson's equation 泊松方程polygon 多边形positive definite 正定Qquality 质量Rrefined triangular mesh 加密的三角形网格relative tolerance 相对容限relative tolerance 相对容限residual 残差residual norm 残差范数Ssingular 奇异的。
《概率论与数理统计》基本名词中英文对照表英文中文Probability theory 概率论mathematical statistics 数理统计deterministic phenomenon 确定性现象random phenomenon 随机现象sample space 样本空间random occurrence 随机事件fundamental event 基本事件certain event 必然事件impossible event 不可能事件random test 随机试验incompatible events 互不相容事件frequency 频率classical probabilistic model 古典概型geometric probability 几何概率conditional probability 条件概率multiplication theorem 乘法定理Bayes's formula 贝叶斯公式Prior probability 先验概率Posterior probability 后验概率Independent events 相互独立事件Bernoulli trials 贝努利试验random variable 随机变量probability distribution 概率分布distribution function 分布函数discrete random variable 离散随机变量distribution law 分布律hypergeometric distribution 超几何分布random sampling model 随机抽样模型binomial distribution 二项分布Poisson distribution 泊松分布geometric distribution 几何分布probability density 概率密度continuous random variable 连续随机变量uniformly distribution 均匀分布exponential distribution 指数分布numerical character 数字特征mathematical expectation 数学期望variance 方差moment 矩central moment 中心矩n-dimensional random variable n-维随机变量two-dimensional random variable 二维离散随机变量joint probability distribution 联合概率分布joint distribution law 联合分布律joint distribution function 联合分布函数boundary distribution law 边缘分布律boundary distribution function 边缘分布函数exponential distribution 二维指数分布continuous random variable 二维连续随机变量joint probability density 联合概率密度boundary probability density 边缘概率密度conditional distribution 条件分布conditional distribution law 条件分布律conditional probability density 条件概率密度covariance 协方差dependency coefficient 相关系数normal distribution 正态分布limit theorem 极限定理standard normal distribution 标准正态分布logarithmic normal distribution 对数正态分布covariance matrix 协方差矩阵central limit theorem 中心极限定理Chebyshev's inequality 切比雪夫不等式Bernoulli's law of large numbers 贝努利大数定律statistics 统计量simple random sample 简单随机样本sample distribution function 样本分布函数sample mean 样本均值sample variance 样本方差sample standard deviation 样本标准差sample covariance 样本协方差sample correlation coefficient 样本相关系数order statistics 顺序统计量sample median 样本中位数sample fractiles 样本极差sampling distribution 抽样分布parameter estimation 参数估计estimator 估计量estimate value 估计值unbiased estimator 无偏估计unbiassedness 无偏性biased error 偏差mean square error 均方误差relative efficient 相对有效性minimum variance 最小方差asymptotic unbiased estimator 渐近无偏估计量uniformly estimator 一致性估计量moment method of estimation 矩法估计maximum likelihood method of estimation 极大似然估计法likelihood function 似然函数maximum likelihood estimator 极大似然估计值interval estimation 区间估计hypothesis testing 假设检验statistical hypothesis 统计假设simple hypothesis 简单假设composite hypothesis 复合假设rejection region 拒绝域acceptance domain 接受域test statistics 检验统计量linear regression analysis 线性回归分析。
Probability Theory and Mathematical Statistics1. OVERVIEW AND DESCRIPTIVE STATISTICS.Populations, Samples, and Processes.Pictorial and Tabular Methods in Descriptive Statistics.Measures of Location.Measures of Variability.2. PROBABILITY.Sample Spaces and Events.Axioms, Interpretations, and Properties of Probability.Counting Techniques.Conditional Probability.Independence.3. DISCRETE RANDOM VARIABLES AND PROBABILITY DISTRIBUTIONS. Random Variables.Probability Distributions for Discrete Random Variables.Expected Values of Discrete Random Variables.The Binomial Probability Distribution.Hypergeometric and Negative Binomial Distributions.The Poisson Probability Distribution.4. CONTINUOUS RANDOM VARIABLES AND PROBABILITY DISTRIBUTIONS.Continuous Random Variables and Probability Density Functions.Cumulative Distribution Functions and Expected Values.The Normal Distribution.The Exponential and Gamma Distribution.Other Continuous Distributions.Probability Plots.5. JOINT PROBABILITY DISTRIBUTIONS AND RANDOM SAMPLES.Jointly Distributed Random Variables.Expected Values, Covariance, and Correlation.Statistics and Their Distributions.The Distribution of the Sample Mean.The Distribution of a Linear Combination.6. POINT ESTIMATION.Some General Concepts of Point Estimation.Methods of Point Estimation.7. STATISTICAL INTERVALS BASED ON A SINGLE SAMPLE.Basic Properties of Confidence Intervals.Large-Sample Confidence Intervals for a Population Mean and Proportion.Intervals Based on a Normal Population Distribution.Confidence Intervals for the Variance and Standard Deviation of a Normal Population.8. TESTS OF HYPOTHESES BASED ON A SINGLE SAMPLE.Hypothesis and Test Procedures.Tests About a Population Mean.Tests Concerning a Population Proportion.P-Values.Some Comments on Selecting a Test.9. INFERENCES BASED ON TWO SAMPLES.z Tests and Confidence Intervals for a Difference Between Two Population Means. The Two-Sample t Test and Confidence Interval.Analysis of Paired Data.Inferences Concerning a Difference Between Population Proportions. Inferences Concerning Two Population Variances.10. THE ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE.Single-Factor ANOVA.Multiple Comparisons in ANOVA.More on Single-Factor ANOVA.11. MULTIFACTOR ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE.Two-Factor ANOVA with Kij = 1.Two-Factor ANOVA with Kij > 1.Three-Factor ANOVA.2p Factorial Experiments.12. SIMPLE LINEAR REGRESSION AND CORRELATION.The Simple Linear Regression Model.Estimating Model Parameters.Inferences About the Slope Parameter a1.Inferences Concerning Y-x* and the Prediction of Future Y Values. Correlation.13. NONLINEAR AND MULTIPLE REGRESSION.Aptness of the Model and Model Checking.Regression with Transformed Variables.Polynomial Regression.Multiple Regression Analysis.Other Issues in Multiple Regression.14. GOODNESS-OF-FIT TESTS AND CATEGORICAL DATA ANALYSIS. Goodness-of-Fit Tests When Category Probabilities are Completely Specified. Goodness of Fit for Composite Hypotheses.Two-Way Contingency Tables.15. DISTRIBUTION-FREE PROCEDURES.The Wilcoxon Signed-Rank Test.The Wilcoxon Rank-Sum Test.Distribution-Free Confidence Intervals.Distribution-Free ANOVA.16. QUALITY CONTROL METHODS.General Comments on Control Charts.Control Charts fort Process Location.Control Charts for Process Variation.Control Charts for Attributes.CUSUM Procedures.Acceptance Sampling.APPENDIX TABLES.Cumulative Binomial Probabilities.Cumulative Poisson Probabilities.Standard Normal Curve Areas.The Incomplete Gamma Function.Critical Values for t Distributions.Tolerance Critical Values for Normal Population Distributions.Critical Values for Chi-Squared Distributions. t Curve Tail Areas. Critical Values for F Distributions.Critical Values for Studentized Range Distributions.Chi-Squared Curve Tail Areas.Critical Values for the Ryan-Joiner Test of Normality.Critical Values for the Wilcoxon Signed-Rank Test.Critical Values for the Wilcoxon Rank-Sum Test.Critical Values for the Wilcoxon Signed-Rank Interval.Critical Values for the Wilcoxon Rank-Sum Interval. a Curves for t Tests. Answers to Odd-Numbered Exercises.Index.。
《概率论与数理统计》基本名词中英文对照表英文中文
Probability theory 概率论
mathematical statistics 数理统计
deterministic phenomenon 确定性现象
random phenomenon 随机现象
sample space 样本空间
random occurrence 随机事件
fundamental event 基本事件
certain event 必然事件
impossible event 不可能事件
random test 随机试验
incompatible events 互不相容事件
frequency 频率
classical probabilistic model 古典概型
geometric probability 几何概率
conditional probability 条件概率
multiplication theorem 乘法定理
Bayes's formula 贝叶斯公式
Prior probability 先验概率
Posterior probability 后验概率
Independent events 相互独立事件
Bernoulli trials 贝努利试验
random variable 随机变量
probability distribution 概率分布
distribution function 分布函数
discrete random variable 离散随机变量distribution law 分布律hypergeometric distribution 超几何分布random sampling model 随机抽样模型binomial distribution 二项分布
Poisson distribution 泊松分布
geometric distribution 几何分布
probability density 概率密度
continuous random variable 连续随机变量uniformly distribution 均匀分布exponential distribution 指数分布
numerical character 数字特征mathematical expectation 数学期望
variance 方差
moment 矩
central moment 中心矩
n-dimensional random variable n-维随机变量
two-dimensional random variable 二维离散随机变量joint probability distribution 联合概率分布
joint distribution law 联合分布律
joint distribution function 联合分布函数boundary distribution law 边缘分布律
boundary distribution function 边缘分布函数exponential distribution 二维指数分布continuous random variable 二维连续随机变量joint probability density 联合概率密度boundary probability density 边缘概率密度conditional distribution 条件分布conditional distribution law 条件分布律conditional probability density 条件概率密度covariance 协方差
dependency coefficient 相关系数
normal distribution 正态分布
limit theorem 极限定理
standard normal distribution 标准正态分布logarithmic normal distribution 对数正态分布covariance matrix 协方差矩阵
central limit theorem 中心极限定理Chebyshev's inequality 切比雪夫不等式Bernoulli's law of large numbers 贝努利大数定律statistics 统计量
simple random sample 简单随机样本sample distribution function 样本分布函数sample mean 样本均值
sample variance 样本方差
sample standard deviation 样本标准差
sample covariance 样本协方差
sample correlation coefficient 样本相关系数
order statistics 顺序统计量
sample median 样本中位数
sample fractiles 样本极差
sampling distribution 抽样分布
parameter estimation 参数估计
estimator 估计量
estimate value 估计值
unbiased estimator 无偏估计unbiassedness 无偏性
biased error 偏差
mean square error 均方误差
relative efficient 相对有效性
minimum variance 最小方差
asymptotic unbiased estimator 渐近无偏估计量uniformly estimator 一致性估计量
moment method of estimation 矩法估计maximum likelihood method of estimation 极大似然估计法likelihood function 似然函数
maximum likelihood estimator 极大似然估计值interval estimation 区间估计
hypothesis testing 假设检验
statistical hypothesis 统计假设
simple hypothesis 简单假设composite hypothesis 复合假设rejection region 拒绝域acceptance domain 接受域
test statistics 检验统计量
linear regression analysis 线性回归分析。
