AUTD与天通金的对比
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知识普及MTAMTATCVTDSG不同变速箱区别及优缺点MT(Manual Transmission,手动变速器):优点:手动变速器造价低,通过手动操作换挡可以更灵活地控制车辆的速度和动力输出。
对于驾驶员来说,更具有驾驶乐趣,可以获得更直接的操控感。
缺点:手动变速器的驾驶操作相对复杂,不太适合新手驾驶员。
在拥堵的城市驾驶中,需要频繁换挡,操作繁琐。
AMT(Automated Manual Transmission,自动手动变速器):优点:AMT变速器兼具手动变速器和自动变速器的特点,具有手动操作的灵活性和自动变速器简单易用的特点。
相比手动变速器,AMT变速器可以实现自动换挡,提升驾驶的便利性。
缺点:AMT变速器的换挡过程相对缓慢,换挡顿挫感明显。
此外,在爬坡和加速时,AMT变速器的响应速度较慢。
AT(Automatic Transmission,自动变速器):优点:自动变速器具有操作简便、换挡平顺的特点,适合长途行驶或城市拥堵的驾驶环境。
驾驶员只需踩下油门,自动变速器会根据车速和发动机转速自动调整换挡时机。
缺点:自动变速器相对复杂,造价高。
相比手动变速器,自动变速器的油耗较高,动力输出相对滞后。
CVT(Continuously Variable Transmission,无级变速器):优点:CVT变速器没有固定的挡位,通过无级变速的方式,可以在不同的车速下调整发动机转速的输出方式,提供平稳的加速感和低油耗。
缺点:CVT变速器在高速行驶或需要迅速加速时,可能会让驾驶员感觉缺乏动力。
此外,由于结构相对复杂,CVT变速器的成本较高。
DSG(Direct Shift Gearbox优点:DSG变速器通过两个离合器实现了快速的换挡,提供了更加平顺的驾驶感受。
同时,DSG变速器还可以在手动和自动两种模式之间切换,既能满足驾驶员的操作需求,又能提供自动化的便利性。
缺点:DSG变速器的制造成本较高,维修和维护也相对复杂。
⼿表间⾦和18k⾦有什么区别?最直接的区别:间⾦便宜,全⾦贵!⽐如劳⼒⼠天⾏者,间⾦10万多,全⾦能去到30万以上!以下为间⾦天⾏者介绍,原⽂标题《别买劳⼒⼠全⾦天⾏者》。
众所周知,劳⼒⼠因其数⼗年如⼀⽇不变的经典款⼀直受到腕表收藏家们的青睐。
如果要在腕表界划分党派的话,劳⼒⼠毫⽆疑问是保守派之⼀。
但是,当这个保守派开始尝试着玩创新时,会发⽣什么事呢?这事在2012年的巴塞尔钟表展上就发⽣了,劳⼒⼠隆重推出了他们尝试创新的成果——Sky-Dweller。
这⼀系列直到今天,仍然在不断地发展与完善之中,吸引着⽆数钟表爱好者的⽬光。
下⾯,我们就来赏析⼀下,看看这块“保守派的创新”究竟有何⽞机。
与劳⼒⼠家族的⼤多数成员不同,Sky-Dweller使⽤的是42mm表壳,体型⽐较“魁梧”,当然,还是保留了经典的蚝式设计,毕竟创新并不等于颠覆。
在这⼀系列中,劳⼒⼠先后推出了适⽤于正装场合的玫瑰⾦巧克⼒⾊表盘配⽪带款,以及⽤于运动的⽩⾦⿊盘钢链款等多种款式。
但是由于个⼈⽐较偏爱326933间⾦款,因此下⾯的介绍也会以这⼀款为主。
玫瑰⾦巧克⼒⾊表盘配⽪带款(型号:328135)⽩⾦⿊盘钢链款(型号:326939)间⾦款(型号:326933)在Sky-Dweller问世之初,它的⽬标应⽤场景既⾮正装也⾮运动,⽽是旅⾏。
正是因为在聆听了客户们关于旅⾏使⽤的强烈诉求后,劳⼒⼠才推出了这款兼具实⽤性与美观性的Sky-Dweller。
该表针对那些为了差旅需要⽽频繁出⼊境的客⼈所打造,它能提供GMT时间读数,并且还搭载了⼀个巧妙的年历系统。
当然,在复杂程度上,这个年历系统仍然⽐不上万年历。
然⽽从实⽤性和性价⽐的⾓度出发,前者显然⽐万年历更适宜。
这也⾮常符合劳⼒⼠⼀贯的调性——不⼀定要做最复杂最⾼端的产品,只做最实⽤的产品,每⼀项功能都是从实际出发,毫⽆花哨可⾔。
(难道这就是⼤部分的Sky-Dweller颜值平平⽆奇的原因?)Sky-Dweller最⼤的特⾊,就是它的表盘布局,正如上⽂所说,这是⼀款为了差旅⼈⼠打造的腕表,他们经常穿梭于不同的时区,因此表盘上搭载了两地时的功能。
IntroductionThe Blackwing BW 635RG is an ultralight two-seater aeroplane designed for recreational flying and training purposes. It features a sleek and modern design, with a composite airframe and a low-wing configuration. The Blackwing has a cruising speed of up to 120 knots and a range of approximately 700 nautical miles, making it suitable for both short and long-distance flights. The cockpit is equipped with state-of-the-art avionics, including a glass cockpit display and an autopilot system. The Blackwing is also known for its superior handling and stability, making it a popular choice among flying enthusiasts and flight schools. The BW 635RG is powered by the venerable Rotax 915 iS engine.Development Credits:Mal Cartwright Product LeadRuss White3D Modelling, Interior and Exterior TexturingJack Lavigne IntegrationHarry Stringer AnimationPropAir Flight Model and SystemsJordan Gough ManualWith special thanks to our Beta Testers:Rob Abernathy John BurgessNick Cooper John DowMatt McGee Darryl WightmanTable of ContentsIntroduction (2)Development Credits: (2)With special thanks to our Beta Testers: (2)Table of Contents (3)Notes on Hardware (4)Overview (5)Aircraft Limitations (6)Airspeed Limitations (6)Engine Limitations (6)Operating Conditions (6)Fuel (7)Other Limitations (7)Emergency Procedures (8)Engine Failure on the Take-off Roll (8)Engine Failure after Take-off (8)Glide Performance (8)Emergency Landing (9)Spin Recovery (9)Normal Procedures (10)Before Starting Engine (10)Starting Engine (10)Before Taxiing (11)Taxiing (11)Engine Runup (11)Before Take-off (11)Take-Off (12)Initial Climb (12)Cruise Climb (12)Cruise (12)Landing (13)Balked Landing (13)After Landing (13)Securing Aircraft (14)Basic Performance (15)Stall Speeds (15)Take-Off Performance (15)Landing Performance (16)Systems Description (17)Instrument Panel Layout (17)Switch Logic and Electrical System (18)Master Switch (18)Fuel Pump Switch (19)LAND/TAXI Switch (19)Strobe/Nav Switch (19)Electrical System Diagram (20)Engine (21)Propeller (21)Fuel (21)Notes on HardwareDue to the unusual 3-position switches in this aircraft, conventional hardware 2position toggle switches (eg. strobe or nav light switches) cannot be translated tothe single 3-position switch which combine these.Additionally, as this aircraft utilises a single level power control (throttle), conventional throttle/prop/mixture hardware may interfere with the function of this system, and not work as intended. It is recommended to place your propeller and mixture levers in the IDLE position, and not move them while the engine is running.OverviewThe Orbx BW 635RG has been developed using official documentation and Computer Aided Design (CAD) resources from Blackwing Sweden. As a result, the aeroplane has been created through masterful modelling, texturing, systems integration, and flight model development.Figure 1 – Aircraft 3-viewAircraft DimensionsLength 6.6m Height 2.2m Wingspan8.4mWeightsBasic Empty Weight 375kg Maximum Take-off Weight 600kg Maximum Fuel Capacity (Litres)130LThe content in this manual and the operation of the BW 635RG in Microsoft Flight Simulator strictly must not be used as reference material in any form for operating the real aircraft.Aircraft LimitationsAirspeed LimitationsAirspeed Description Airspeed (KIAS) RemarksVne Never Exceed Speed 157 Must not exceed this speed in any operation.Va Manoeuvring Speed 109 If full or abrupt control deflection is made, the airframe may be overstressed.Vfe1 Max flap extended speed20 degrees90 Maximum speed for flaps 20°Vfe2 Max flap extended speed35-45 degrees 70 Maximum speed for flaps 35-45°Vlo Maximum landing gearoperating speed 70Do not extended or retract the landing gearabove this speed.Vle Maximum landing gear extended speed 90 Do not exceed this speed with the landing gearalready down.Vs0 Stall speed flaps/gearextended 38 Stall speed with gear down/flaps >0° and in level flight at MTOWVs1 Stall speed clean 49 Stall speed flaps retracted, gear up and in level flight at MTOWEngine LimitationsEngineEngine Manufacturer Rotax Engine Model Rotax 915 iSMaximum Power Take-off (Max 5 min.) 141 hp Continuous 135 hpMaximum RPM Take-off (Max 5 min.) 5800 Continuous 5500Critical Altitude 15000ft AMSL Maximum OperatingAltitude23000ft AMSL Operating ConditionsAerobatic manoeuvres, flight in IFR conditionsand flights in icing conditions are prohibited inthis aircraft.FuelFuel TanksLeft Right Litres US Gal Litres US GalTotal Fuel in Tank 67.5 17.8 62.5 16.5Unusable Fuel 2.5 0.7 2.5 0.7 Total Useable Fuel in Tanks 66.5 17.6 61.5 16.2Other LimitationsMaximum demonstrated crosswind for the BW 635RG is 20 knots.Emergency ProceduresNote: The following procedures have been modified to be suitable for simulation. It does not cover emergencies that are a) not simulated and b) not reasonable. Checklist items from the real procedures have been omitted and these procedures must not under any circumstances be used for training purposes.Engine Failure on the Take-off RollThrottle: IDLEIgnition: OFFFuel Pump: MAIN (DOWN POS)Brakes: APPLYWhen stopped: SECURE AIRCRAFTEngine Failure after Take-offNose: IMMEDIATELY LOWERAirspeed: 65 KNOTSLanding Area: DETERMINE WITHIN 30° OF NOSEFlaps: USE AS REQUIREDLanding Gear: USE DESCRETIONFuel Selector: OFFIgnition: OFFMaster Switch: OFFGlide PerformanceThe BW 635RG, the approximate performance for a glide is 65 KIAS which willgive approximately a 545ft/min rate of descent in the clean configuration.Glide performance will degrade significantly on extension of flaps and landinggear.Emergency LandingAirspeed: 65 KIASField: PICK BEST OPTIONLanding Gear: USE DISCRETION DEPENDING ON FIELD TYPEFlaps: AS REQUIREDFuel Selector: OFFIgnition: OFFFuel Pump: MAIN (down)Master Switch: OFF BEFORE LANDINGSpin RecoveryThrottle: IDLEControl Stick: AILERON NEUTRALRudder: FULL OPPOSITE TO DIRECTION OF ROTATIONControl Stick: POSITIVELY FORWARD OF NEUTRALRudder: NEUTRAL WHEN ROTATION STOPSControl Stick: SMOOTHLY PULL OUT OF DIVEWARNING:INTENTIONAL SPINS ARE NOT APPROVED INTHIS AIRCRAFT.Normal ProceduresNote: The pre-flight inspection portion of the normal procedures has been removed due to impracticality in the simulator.Before Starting EngineIgnition: OFFMaster Switch: OFF (down)Backup Battery: OFF/AUTO (down)Landing Gear Lever: DOWNCircuit Breakers: INCanopy CLOSED (CLICKING THE LATCHON THE INSIDE LEFT SIDEWALL.) Starting EngineParking Brake: HOLD TOE BRAKES AND ENGAGE PARKINGBRAKEMaster Switch: ENGINE START (middle position)Fuel Selector: SETFuel Gauge: CHECKFuel Pump: BOTH (up)Ignition: BOTHNav Lights: STROBE (middle position)Throttle: SET ½-1 INCH OPENIgnition: STARTOil Pressure: GREEN WITHIN 10 SECWarnings: NONEBefore TaxiingMaster Switch: NORMAL OPERATION (up)Altimeter: SETAvionics: SETParking Brake: DISENGAGETaxiingInstruments: CHECKED (COMPASS/HSI/BALL/ATT) Engine RunupParking Brake: ENGAGERPM: 2500 RPMFuel Pump: CYCLE, CHECK FUEL PRESSUREIdle: CHECK IDLE 1800 +/- 100 RPM Before Take-offCanopy: CLOSED AND LOCKEDFlaps: 1 STAGE (20°)Elevator Trim: SET FOR TAKE-OFFEngine Instruments: NORMALLanding Light: ON (up)Controls: FULL FREE AND CORRECT MOVEMENTParking Brake: DISENGAGETake-OffThrottle: FULLControls: NEUTRAL45 Knots: ROTATEAccelerate: NOSE ON HORIZON, ACCEL TO 80 KIASPositive Rate of Climb: GEAR UPLanding Light: OFF (down)Flaps: RETRACT ABOVE 500’ AGLInitial ClimbThrottle: MAX CONTINUOUS (5500 RPM)Airspeed: 90 KIASFuel Pump: MAIN (down) ABOVE 500’ AGL Cruise ClimbThrottle: MAX CONTINUOUS (5500 RPM)Airspeed: 130 KIASCruiseThrottle: 55-75% PowerAirspeed: 120-157 KIAS (<130 KIAS IN TURB)LandingFuel: QTY CHECKEDFuel Selector: FULLEST TANKFuel Pump: BOTH (up position)Airspeed: 90 KIASFlaps: EXTEND FLAP 1 <90 KIASDownwind Airspeed: 65 KIASLanding Gear: DOWN @ 65 KIAS; CHECK 3 GREENLanding Light: ON (up position)Base Leg: EXTEND FLAP 2 < 65 KIASFinal Approach Airspeed: 60 KIASBalked LandingThrottle: SMOOTHLY INCREASEAirspeed: 60 KIASTrim: COURSE TRIM TO RELIEVE PRESSUREFlaps: RETRACT TO POSITION 1 (20°)Gear: UPTrim: TRIM FOR CLIMBAfter LandingFlaps: RETRACTExterior Lights: AS REQ’DFuel Pump: MAIN (down)Securing AircraftParking Brake: ENGAGEDThrottle: IDLESwitches: ALL OFF EXCEPT ACL AND MASTERIgnition: OFFNav Lights: OFF (down)Master Switch: OFFBasic PerformanceStall SpeedsMTOW 600kg | CG 32% MAC | Power Idle | Level FlightFlap Position Stall Speed (KIAS) 0° 49 20° 44 35° 39 45°38Take-Off PerformanceMTOW | ISA CONDITIONS | SEA LEVEL | FLAPS 1 (20°) | MTOW (600kg)Cruise PerformanceRunway Surface Ground RollOver 50ft Obstacleft mft mPaved Runway328 100 656 200 Unpaved (Grass) Runway 361110689208Pressure Altitude Power (%) TAS Fuel Flow LPH MAP (inHg) Endurance(hr)Range (nm) 500055 161 19.7 30 5.8 941 65 170 23.3 34.1 4.9 827 7517826.937.44.1738Landing PerformanceMTOW | ISA CONDITIONS | FLAPS 2 (35°) | MTOW (600kg) | Speed 1.3 x VsoRunway Surface Ground Roll Over 50ft Obstacle ft m ft mPaved Runway 525 160 951 290 Unpaved (Grass) Runway 558 170 984 300Systems Description Instrument Panel LayoutSwitch Logic and Electrical SystemThe electrical switches in the BW 635RG are 3-position switches. These are generally known as “DOWN”, “MIDDLE” and “UP”. They are briefly explained below.Master SwitchThe MASTER switch functions in a unique way, with the following switch logic:1.When the MASTER switch is DOWN, all battery power is off. There will beno electrical power provided to the aircraft.•Note: The engine CANNOT be shut down when the master switch isoff. Electrical power must be present for the engine to turn off.2.When the MASTER switch is in the MIDDLE (Engine Start) position, limitedsystem functionality will be present. The backup battery will be activatedand power the following systems:•Primary Flight Display•Compass•AHRS (Attitude Heading Reference System)•Radio3.When the MASTER switch is UP (Normal Operation), full electrical supplywill be provided to the aircraft. The following systems will be powered on: •Note: the engine CANNOT be started with the MASTER switch in theUP position. If the engine won’t start, check the switch is in theMIDDLE position•Multi-Function Display•Transponder•Autopilot•Audio panel•STBY instruments•Pitot Heat•Main battery is disconnected from running engine. Alternatorprovides power.See Section NORMAL PROCEDURES for positioning of the MASTER switch.Fuel Pump SwitchThe Fuel Pump switch also has some advanced logic to it, due to two fuel pumpsbeing present, however, to put it simply, it operates in the following way:1.In the DOWN position, the main fuel pump is in use.2.In the MIDDLE position, the auxiliary fuel pump is in use.3.In the UP position, both fuel pumps will be on.LAND/TAXI SwitchThe LAND/TAXI switch powers the Taxi and Landing lights. It operates in the following logic:1.In the DOWN position, both lights will be OFF.2.In the MIDDLE position, the taxi light will switch on when the landinggear is extended.3.In the UP position, the Landing Light will switch on when the landinggear is extended.Strobe/Nav SwitchThe Strobe/Nav switch powers the Navigation (Red/Green) and Strobe (flashingwhite) lights. It operates in the following logic:1.In the DOWN position, both lights will be OFF.2.In the MIDDLE position, the STROBE light will be on.3.In the UP position, both the strobe and Nav lights will be on.Electrical System DiagramThe BW 635RG’s electrical system is modelled in the following way in Microsoft Flight Simulator.Because the starter system is connected to the BACKUP BUS, this means you cannot start the engine with the MASTER switch in the UP position, due to the BACKUP BUS being disconnected from the circuit once the MAIN BAT BUS is powered.Page 21 of 21User Guide v1.0 –RevisionEngineThe BW 635RG is powered by the Rotax 915iS. The Rotax 915iS is a four-stroke, four-cylinder, fuel-injected, turbocharged aircraft engine with a maximum power output of141 horsepower. The engine utilizes electronic fuel injection (EFI) technology toprovide precise fuel delivery and improved fuel efficiency. It also features a modernliquid-cooling system and a dual electronic ignition system for reliable performance.The Rotax 915iS engine has a maximum operating RPM of 5,200, with a recommended continuous operation range of 5,000 RPM or less.PropellerThe propeller is a 3-blade wood-composite design, which is hydraulically adjustable for operation at various pitch angles, controlled independently of the pilot. The propeller is linked to the engine through an electronically controlled governor, where RPM isadjusted in accordance with the position of the throttle control. This pitch curve cannot be adjusted in flight, however is designed to ensure maximum performance in allphases of flight.FuelBoth wings have fuel tanks, which are fed to the engine via electric fuel pumps. Fuelsystem information is fed via sensors to the Garmin avionics suite and can be viewedon the displays inside the cockpit.AIRPLANE WEIGHTSBasic Empty Weight……………………….…375 KgMaximum Takeoff Weight…………………..600 KgMaximum Fuel Weight………………………...95 Kg Maximum Landing Weight………………….600 Kg TANK USABLE FUEL LEFT WING TANK67.5 litres 17.8 US Gallons RIGHT WING TANK62.5 litres 16.5 US Gallons TOTAL 130 litres34.3 US GallonsFUEL CAPACITY AIRSPEEDS Never Exceed Speed ……….…………….173 KIAS Max Structural Cruising Speed…………..156 KIAS Maneuvering Speed MTOW……………….109 KIAS Initial Climb………………………………………80 KIASBest Angle Climb……………………………….75 KIASBest Rate of Climb……………………………..90 KIASMax Flap Ext 20°……………………..............90 KIASMax Flap Ext 35-45°……………………………70 KIASMax Landing Gear Operation……………….70 KIASMax Landing Gear Extended………………..90 KIASPlanned Cruise TAS………………………….130 KIASFinal Approach Speed………………………..60 KIAS POWERPLANT LIMITATIONSENGINE LIMITS (RPM)Take-off (5 Minutes)………....5800 RPM Max Continuous……………….5500 RPMALTITUDE LIMITSMaximum Operating Altitude………………23 000ftFor Microsoft Flight Simulator Use Only0-12023 Orbx Simulation Systems Pty. Ltd BW 635RG QUICK REFERENCESHEETIssued: 21 Apr 2023Revised: 21 Apr 20230-2PROCEDURESBEFORE STARTING ENGINEPreflight Inspection………………………….COMPLETECrew Briefing………………………………….COMPLETEIgnition…………………………………………………….OFFMaster Switch…………………………………………..OFFBackup Battery …..…………………………….OFF/AUTOLanding Gear Lever………………………………..DOWNCircuit Breakers…………………………………………..IN Canopy………………………………………………CLOSED STARTING ENGINEArea……………………………………………………..CLEARParking Brake……………….HOLD TOE BRAKES ANDENGAGEMaster Switch …..……………….ENGINE START (MID)Fuel Selector…………………………………………….SETFuel Pump………………………………………BOTH (UP)Ignition………………………………………………….BOTHExternal Lights……………………………………..AS REQThrottle ………………………..………..Τ12-1 INCH OPENIgnition………………………………………………….START AFTER START Oil Pressure.…………………………………………RISING Master Switch ……………………………..NORMAL (UP)Radios………………………………………………………SET Altimeter…………………………………………………..SET ATIS and Clearance…………………………..OBTAINEDBEFORE TAXIBrakes/Park Brake ………………………….DISENGAGEFlight Instruments……………………………..CHECKEDCompass…………………………………………CHECKED BEFORE TAKEOFFCanopy/Harnesses………………………………SECURE Flaps…………………………………….……1 STAGE (20°)Trim ..……………………………………SET FOR TAKEOFF Flight Instruments………………………………………SET Engine Instruments………………CHECKED NORMAL Avionics…………………………………………………….SET External Lights………………………………………AS REQ Flight Controls…………..FULL, FREE AND CORRECT Takeoff Safety Brief………………………….DELIVERED TAKEOFFBrakes/Park Brake………………………….DISENGAGEPower…………SMOOTHLY INCREASE TO MAXIMUM45 knots………………………………………………ROTATEAccelerate……….…NOSE ON HORIZON, TO 80 KTSPositive Rate of Climb………………………….GEAR UPLanding Light.……………………………….OFF (DOWN)Flaps ………………………..RETRACT ABOVE 500’ AGLMEMORY ITEMS 2023 Orbx Simulation Systems Pty. Ltd ENGINE RUN UP Parking Brake ……………………………………..ENGAGE Engine Instruments……………………………CHECKED Engine RPM…………………………………SET 2500 RPM Fuel Pump…………………………………………….CYCLE Idle …………………..…..CHECK IDLE 1800 ±100RPM Navigation Equipment …..…………………………….SETFor Microsoft Flight Simulator Use OnlyIssued: 21 Apr 2023Revised: 21 Apr 2023AFTER TAKEOFF Engine Instruments……………………..WITHIN LIMITS Climb Speed…………………………………………90 KIAS Fuel Pump………….MAIN (DOWN ) ABOVE 500’ AGL0-3CRUISEPower….……………………………………….SET 55-75%Airspeed…..……….120-157KTS (<130KTS IN TURB.)DESCENTAltimeter…………………………………………………..SETFuel Selector………………………………FULLEST TANKPower Lever………………….AS REQUIRED FOR RODApproach Brief………………………………PLETE BEFORE LANDINGBrakes……………………………………………………..OFFFuel ………….………………………………QTY CHECKEDFuel Selector………………………………FULLEST TANK Fuel Pump……….………………………………BOTH (UP)LANDINGDOWNWINDAirspeed….………………………………………….90 KIASFlaps….………………………………………STAGE 1 (20°)Airspeed………….………………………………….65 KIASLanding Gear…..…………………….DOWN @ 65 KIASCHECK 3 GREENLanding Light………………………………………ON (UP)BASEFlaps…………………………… STAGE 2 (35°) < 65 KIASFINALAirspeed………….………………………………….60 KIASTouchdown ……………………….MAIN WHEELS FIRSTStick………………………………………………FULL BACK Brakes…………………………………………………..APPLYAFTER LANDING Flaps………………………………………………..RETRACT Landing Lights…………………………………………..OFFFuel Pump….………………………………MAIN (DOWN)SHUTDOWNParking Brake ……………………………………..ENGAGE Throttle……………………………………………………IDLE Switches….………………………….OFF EXCL. MASTERIgnition..…………………………………………………..OFFLights….……………………………………….OFF (DOWN)Master Switch..……………………………..OFF (DOWN)MEMORY ITEMS 2023 Orbx Simulation Systems Pty. Ltd For Microsoft Flight Simulator Use OnlyPROCEDURESIssued: 21 Apr 2023Revised: 21 Apr 2023。
1.AU T+D是什么?答:又名黄金现货延期交收业务交易规则:保证金10.5% - 20%手续费:(目前只有民生银行最低,也为单边万分之十四)交易单位千克/手报价单位元/克最小变动价位0.01元/克交易时间9:00-11:30,13:30-15:30及晚上夜市9:00-2:30(开盘前十分钟为集合竞价)2.什么是“纸黄金”?答:“纸黄金”是一种个人凭证式黄金,投资者按银行报价在账面上买卖"虚拟"黄金,个人通过把握国际金价走势低吸高抛,赚取黄金价格的波动差价。
投资者的买卖交易记录只在个人预先开立的"黄金存折账户"上体现,不发生实金提取和交割。
这种黄金的交易机制有点类似于股票,就是只能买涨不能买跌,当黄金的价位上涨时,投资者赚钱,金价下跌时,投资者亏钱。
目前各大银行都有以人民币和克为报价基础的“纸黄金”以及以美元和盎司为计价单位的“纸黄金”,他们的美元盎司的点差基本上在30-150点左右,而以人民币和克为计价单位的“纸黄金”点差为1.0人民币。
纸黄金起点金额是多少? 纸黄金起点金额是人民币金10克(按现价就是3000元左右),美元金1盎司(按现价就是1360美元左右)电话银行和网上银行为24小时交易,即从每周一早9点至每周六早4点(每日批处理时间、国家法定节假日和国际黄金市场休市日除外);柜台交易时间为周一至周五每天早上9点至下午5点(国家法定节假日和国际黄金市场休市日除外)。
什么是天通金?交易的时间、点差、杠杆和税费如何?答:天津贵金属交易所,是目前国家唯一批准的做市商模式(OTC)的黄金,白银等贵金属交易市场并由交通银行来资金三方托管的合法金融机构,和上海黄金交易所是同一个性质的,目前批了30家会员。
天津贵金属交易所弥补了上交所的一些机制不足,比如说:它是24小时交易的、即时成交、无涨跌停板、做市商机制。
22小时交易机制,凌晨4点--6点为银行结算时间暂停交易。
本文部分内容来自网络整理,本司不为其真实性负责,如有异议或侵权请及时联系,本司将立即删除!== 本文为word格式,下载后可方便编辑和修改! ==猎豹仪表使用说明篇一:易配通使用说明书new目录一、易配通的概述 .................................................................. . (2)1.1易配通概念 .................................................................. ....................................................... 2 1.2易配通产品的分类 .................................................................. . (2)1.2.1在线版 .................................................................. .................................................... 2 1.2.2离线版(暂不提供) ................................................................ .............................. 2 1.3易配通的特点 .................................................................. (2)1.3.1配件数据上的特点 .................................................................. ................................ 2 1.3.2系统上的区别 .................................................................. . (3)二、汽配常识................................................................... .. (3)2.1常见的汽车品牌商标的介绍 .................................................................. ........................... 3 2.2汽车配件结构介绍 .................................................................. ........................................... 6 三、易配通的使用介绍 .................................................................. .. (7)3.1登陆 .................................................................. . (7)3.1.1系统登陆 .................................................................. ................................................ 9 3.3操作说明 .................................................................. (10)3.3.1定型查询(vin,公告号定型) ................................................................. .......... 10 3.3.1.1类别查询 .................................................................. ... 错误!未定义书签。
2022款朗逸1.5自动舒适版怎么样?动力总成如何选择,三种不同类型的优缺点朗逸2022款总共有三种动力总成,全系4缸发动机,包括1.5L 自吸+5速手动挡;1.5L自吸+6速自动挡;1.4T涡轮增压+7速DSG双离合,对于不同的用车需求,这三种设计基本可以满足。
第一种是(1.5L自吸+5速手动挡),入门的5速手动挡,分为两个配置,官方指导价11.29万起,终端市场价格在8-9万,唯一的优势就是便宜,手动挡由于多了离合踏板,城市拥堵状态下行车便捷性不佳,并且对驾驶的要求更高,更少的档位意味着,同样的2挡,到达30km/h你需要更高的转速,更费油,预算充足并不建议。
第二种是(1.5L自吸+6速自动挡),这台6AT是爱信的产品,但并不属于最新产品,而是堪称“老古董”的TF-60SN,根据爱信的变速箱生产列表可以看出,在大众车系中代号为09G、09M和09K,朗逸的是09G,最早出现在2003款的大众T5上,2007年被安装到第五代Jetta捷达上,也就是国内的第一代速腾。
其缺点是技术老旧,传输过程中动力损失大,1.5L本身只有115马力,6AT传输过程中要丢失不少动力,也就是起步肉,加速慢,实测百公里加速成绩在13秒左右,超车困难。
但由于液力变矩器的存在,6AT比双离合耐用,后期的维修保养更方便。
第三种是(1.4T涡轮增压+7速DSG双离合),是1.4T涡轮增压和代号为DQ200的7速DSG干式双离合,1.4T发动机最大功率150马力,峰值扭矩250Nm,足足比1.5L自吸多了105Nm,并且峰扭转速区间为1750-3500转/分,低转速就可以爆发。
配合传动损失小、换挡速度快的干式双离合,百公里加速8秒出头,比自吸版本快了很多,但缺点也明显,那就是干式双离合散热能力差,磨损更严重,故障率高,寿命低于AT变速箱。
如何选择要看具体的用车需求。
ESES200/ES260/ES300h当优雅与动感,在此水乳相融,光华不落俗世。
浑然间,见美学新境!以上所示图片仅供参考,中国区销售的具体车型配置,请以实车为准。
03外观| 04凝结在每一个细节之处的温婉典雅,是一种可被沉淀的美。
从前脸造型直至流线身形,全新ES别出心裁的灵感,始终创造着令人屏息凝神的美学观。
*矩阵式LED远近光照明大灯,熠熠生辉夺人眼目。
流线型侧身腰线,写意间尽展气宇轩昂。
*18英寸降噪轮毂设计,尽情尽兴间尽享优雅从容。
*部分车型配备,敬请参阅标准装备与技术参数表详情。
以上所示图片仅供参考,中国区销售的具体车型配置,请以实车为准。
0506美是安静的,亦是流动的,在不拘泥、不故步自封之间,完成潮流的突破而自成一格。
行锋芒之势的设计理念,让全新ES在行走之中彰显非凡魄力,令人怦然心动。
外后视镜撞色设计,满足个性审美。
*前LED流水式转向灯与全LED尾灯交相辉映,整体灵感协调统一。
车尾隐藏式排气设计,隐小节,重大局,推动时代潮流。
*部分车型配备,敬请参阅标准装备与技术参数表详情。
以上所示图片仅供参考,中国区销售的具体车型配置,请以实车为准。
0708当悦然心动,融合平和静谧,驾乘皆随心所欲。
自在其间,享从容新境。
以匠心造诣,雕琢豪华宁静之境,每一程都是养心之旅。
置身于匠心之作里,感受时光的奢华与静默。
全新ES 用时间潜心雕琢空间细节,令驾驭者无论行走何方,亦可自取一片宁静格局。
*ANC 主动降噪科技、*Hybrid Acoustics TM 混合动力降噪系统、*双层降噪玻璃,提供多方位静谧体验。
**半苯胺高级真皮座椅,甄选上等牛皮,细心缝制,彰显以心至诚的待客之道。
*Shimamoku 至臻木纹饰板或*竹饰板,尽显东方儒雅尊贵。
*部分车型配备,敬请参阅标准装备与技术参数表详情。
**仅指座椅与乘客人体接触的主要部分的材料。
部分车型配备,敬请参阅标准装备与技术参数表详情。
以上所示图片仅供参考,中国区销售的具体车型配置,请以实车为准。
Mercedes-Benz Axor与Actros牵引车驾驶室性能对比摘要:本文研究了Mercedes-Benz公司推出的Axor与Actros牵引车驾驶室的性能差异。
通过对Axor和Actros的外观设计、内部空间布局、座椅调节、视野、功能配置等方面的比较分析,发现Actros在舒适性、驾驶安全性和操作性方面具有更高的性能表现。
关键词:Mercedes-Benz、Axor、Actros、牵引车、驾驶室、性能正文:一、背景介绍Mercedes-Benz作为世界著名的汽车品牌,其在轿车、卡车等领域都有着出色的表现。
作为卡车领域的佼佼者,Mercedes-Benz的Axor与Actros牵引车都备受市场追捧。
然而,这两种牵引车的驾驶室性能却有所不同,本文将从多个维度对它们进行比较,帮助消费者更好地选择相应的车型。
二、外观设计Axor与Actros的外观设计都非常独特,但具有不同的特点。
Axor采用经典的硬朗造型,较为圆润的车身线条和硬朗的前脸设计,使其适合长途运输和重载货运。
而Actros则更具科技感,采用尖锐的车身线条和动感前脸设计,更适用于城市物流,其外观更有时尚感。
三、内部空间布局Axor与Actros的内部空间布局也存在差异。
Axor的内部空间相对狭窄,但布局合理,可容纳多个物品,并带有合适的空间用于驾驶员活动。
Actros在内外设计都较为先进,内部空间更加宽敞,配有多个存储空间和工具供应箱,让驾驶者的工作更加轻松、舒适。
四、座椅调节两种牵引车的驾驶座椅也存在一定的区别。
Axor座椅的可调节范围较小,不能满足不同身高的司机;而Actros座椅可前后、高低和仰拱多角度调节,适应性更强。
此外,Actros还配有加热和通风功能,可以使司机在不同温度下感到舒适。
五、视野视野是评价驾驶室性能的重要指标之一。
Axor的前后视野都比较不错,主驾驶席位左前方角度采用了较为优化的视野优化设计。
Actros相较于Axor,运用了更加大的车窗和更高的驾驶座椅,可以让驾驶员更好地看到四周的车况,提高行车安全性。
2022最省油的家用车排行榜最省油汽车排行榜盘点奇瑞A11.1L手动标准型厂家指导价:5.38万元理论油耗:4.6升/百公里实际油耗:约5.2升/百公里奇瑞A1作为奇瑞全球化的开路之作,被奇瑞誉为分水岭式产品,设计之初就以全球市场为目标,在外形工艺等都已经接近了合资车型。
奇瑞A1搭载了全新的ACTECO1.3L发动机,该款发动机是奇瑞在与国际知名发动机设计公司奥地利AVL公司多年合作的根底上,总结经验独立开发的一款发动机。
在平安性能、配置等方面奇瑞A1也有着过人之处,不但配置了ABS+EBD、前排双气囊、倒车雷达在内的各项主动平安装配,高配车型还将DVD、天窗、行车电脑的高档设备融于一身。
奇瑞A1实行的4年或12万公里的保修效劳政策,相对目前国内通行的2年6万公里或者3年5万公里,奇瑞给用户带来了国际化的效劳标准。
一举提升国内汽车质量保证和售后效劳的标准,改变了国内汽车保修期低于国际标准的现状。
长安奔奔1.3MT超值型厂家指导价:4.88万元理论油耗:4.4升/百公里实际油耗:5.5升/百公里上市后就一直受消费者追捧的长安奔奔在省油上也有一手。
奔奔装备的是JL474Q2型1.3L发动机,该发动机源自羚羊与雨燕采用的日本铃木发动机,最大功率为63kW,在3500至4500转时可到达峰值扭矩110N.m,动力性能是比较出众的。
虽然实际油耗比厂家标称的理论油耗有1升以上的出入,但也有车主在市内跑出过与理论油耗一致的成绩,因此这款小车的经济性还是值得肯定的。
除了省油外奔奔的外观设计也是其亮点之一。
外观全部采用意大利IDEA公司的设计理念,由意大利设计师JUSTYNNOREK主持设计,整车造型紧凑敦实,轴距、轮距与车身高度分配合理。
U形的中网,配合椭圆形由四个独立灯室组成的前大灯,并采用了时髦的透镜式灯头,在同级车中特点鲜明。
新羚羊1.3L标准款厂家指导价:4.58万元理论油耗:4.8升/百公里实际油耗:5.5升/百公里上周成都车展上新羚羊才刚上市,不过厂家只是对老款的发动机进行了优化,因此不会改变羚羊省油的特点。
几何e 钇为3 对比
几何e 和钇为3都是汽车品牌,下面将从价格、销量、动力性能、续航里程和充电时间五个方面对两者进行对比:
- 价格:钇为3冠军版的售价为9.99万元,而几何E萤火虫的指导价区间为6.98万至8.98万。
- 销量:钇为3的销量从几百辆逐步增长到8月份的2490辆,增速明显。
而几何E萤火虫在市场上也有一定的销量,但与钇为3相比,其销量增速稍显不足。
- 动力性能:钇为3冠军版搭载了100kW规格的高功率电机,而几何E萤火虫则搭载一台最大马力82匹的前置单电机。
- 续航里程:钇为3冠军版的续航里程高达505km,而几何E萤火虫提供了301km和401km 两个版本的续航里程。
- 充电时间:钇为3冠军版慢充9小时,支持快充,从30%充至80%只需30分钟。
几何E萤火虫在快充模式下,30分钟可从30%充至80%,慢充充满需4.5-6小时。
综合考虑,钇为3在价格、销量、动力性能、续航里程和充电时间等方面都有一定的优势,是一个不错的选择。
当然,最终的选择还需根据个人喜好和实际需求来确定。