Part IV：Commonly Used Professional Terms of Civil Engineering
development organization 建设单位
design organization 设计单位
construction organization 施工单位
reinforced concrete 钢筋混凝土
pile 桩
steel structure 钢结构
aluminium alloy 铝合金
masonry 砌体（工程）reinforced ~ 配筋砌体load-bearing ~ 承重砌体unreinforced ~非配筋砌体
permissible stress (allowable stress) 容许应力plywood 胶合板
retaining wall 挡土墙
finish 装修
finishing material装修材料
ventilation 通风
natural ~ 自然通风
mechanical ~ 机械通风
diaphragm wall (continuous concrete wall) 地下连续墙
villa 别墅
moment of inertia 惯性矩
torque 扭矩
stress 应力normal ~ 法向应力shear ~ 剪应力
strain 应变
age hardening 时效硬化
air-conditioning system空调系统
(air) void ration（土）空隙比
albery壁厨，壁龛
a l mery壁厨，贮藏室
anchorage length锚固长度
antiseismic joint 防震缝
architectural appearance 建筑外观
architectural area 建筑面积
architectural design 建筑设计
fiashing 泛水
workability (placeability) 和易性
safety glass安全玻璃
tempered glass (reinforced glass) 钢化玻璃foamed glass泡沫玻璃
asphalt沥青
felt (malthoid) 油毡
riveted connection 铆接
welding焊接
screwed connection 螺栓连接
oakum 麻刀，麻丝
tee三通管
tap存水弯
esthetics美学
formwork 模板（工程）
shoring 支撑
batching 配料
slipform construction (slipforming) 滑模施工
lfit-slab construction 升板法施工
mass concrete 大体积混凝土
terrazzo水磨石
construction joint 施工缝
honeycomb蜂窝，空洞，麻面
piled foundation桩基
deep foundation 深基础
shallow foundation浅基础
foundation depth基础埋深
pad foundation独立基础
strip foundation 条形基础
raft foundation筏基
box foundation箱形基础
BSMT=basement 地下室
lift 电梯electric elevator
lift well电梯井
escalator 自动扶梯
Poisson’s ratio 泊松比μ
Young’s modulus , modulus of elasticity 杨氏模量，弹性模量E
safety coefficient 安全系数
fatigue failure 疲劳破坏
bearing capacity of foundations 地基承载力bearing capacity of a pile 单桩承载力
two-way-reinforcement 双向配筋
reinforced concrete two-way slabs钢筋混凝土双向板
single way slab单向板
window blind 窗帘sun blind
wind load 风荷载
curing 养护
watertight concrete 防水混凝土
white cement白水泥
separating of concrete混凝土离折segregation of concrete
mortar 砂浆~ joint 灰缝
pilaster 壁柱
fire rating耐火等级
fire brick 耐火砖
standard brick标准砖
terra cotta 琉璃瓦
mosaic 马赛克
ceramic mosaic陶瓷锦砖，马赛克，ceramic mosaic tile
ceramic tile 瓷砖
rubble wall毛石墙
marble 大理石,大理岩
granite 花岗石,花岗岩
ready-mixed concrete 商品混凝土，预拌混凝土real estate房地产
reinforcement bar 钢筋veinforcement meal, reinforcing bar, reinforcing steel reinforcement cover混凝土保护层reinforcement mat 钢筋网, reinforcing mesh reinforcing ratio 配筋率reinforcement percentage
reinforcing work钢筋工程
residential building居住建筑
rigid foundation刚性基础
roof 屋顶，屋盖，屋面; roof board 屋面板; roof garden屋顶花园
roof live load 屋面活荷载
rustic terrazzo粗面水磨石，水刷石
sand cushion砂垫层
saw-tooth skylight锯齿形天窗
scaffold 脚手架
sill窗台
silty soil粉质土
single door单扇门
double door双扇门
single reinforcemen单筋t
sliding door推拉门
sliding window水平推拉窗
staircase楼梯间
stair rail(ing) 楼梯栏杆，楼梯扶手
stair step楼梯踏步
stair string (er)楼梯梁
stair clearance 楼梯净空高度stair headroom steel forms钢模板
store room贮藏室
structural drawings结构图
soft substratum软弱下卧层
sun louver 遮阳板
supporting block 支座
supporting layer持力层
tensile reinforcement 受拉钢筋tensile steel, tension reinforcement
terrace roof 平屋顶
thermal insulation隔热
through ventilation穿堂风
timber structure 木结构wood structure
toilet 盥洗间，浴室，厕所，便池
tracing paper描图纸
lawn 草坪
treatment of elevation立面处理
drawing board 绘图板
triaxial compression test 三轴压缩试验
tubular steel scaffolding钢管脚手架
uniformly distributed load均布荷载
unnotched bar 光面钢; threadbar螺纹钢筋urinal 小便池，小便斗，小便槽
valley天沟
ventilating skylight 通风天窗
waterproof barrier 防水层aquatard
Terzaghi bearing capacity theory太沙基承载力理论
Terzaghi consolidation theory 太沙基固结理论foundation treatment 地基处理
foundation pressure 基底压力
span 跨度
specific gravity比重
quicklime生石灰,氧化钙
hydrated lime 熟石灰,消石灰
hydration 水化作用
plaster of Paris熟石膏
portland cement 波特兰水泥,硅酸盐水泥,普通水泥
portland blastfurnace slag cement矿渣水泥portland fly-ash cement粉煤灰(硅酸盐)水泥portland-pozzolana cement火山灰质硅酸盐水泥gas-foaming admixture发泡剂
retarding admixture缓凝剂
water-reducing agent减水剂
air-entrained agent 加气剂
slump坍落度
water-cement ratio水灰比w/c
architectural lighting 建筑采光,建筑照明architectural perspective建筑透视图architectural section 建筑剖面图
architectural specifications建筑规范architectural working drawing 建筑施工图architecture sketch建筑草图
arc welding 电弧焊
stress concentration 应力集中
multi storied building 多层建筑
settlement of foundation 地基沉降
