(一)首句
章段首句
It’s well-known that 众所周知
As far as we know 据我们所知
As everybody knows 众所周知
As far as sb. be concerned 就……而论
Frankly speaking 坦白地说
Generally speaking 一般来说
I am of the opinion that …我认为
In my opinion 我认为
It has been shown that…现已表明
It has been found that …已经发现
It’s believed that…有人相信
It’s expected that…有人盼望
It’s hoped that …人们希望
It’s thought that …有人认为
Until recently …直到最近
Faced with …, quite a few people argue that …. But other people conceive differently.
There is a general discussion today about the issue of…. Those who object to … argue that…. They believe that …. But people who favor …, on the other hand, argue that….
Currently there is a widespread concern that …
More and more people are realizing / have come to realize…
There is no denying / doubt that ….
(二)结尾句
Above all 最重要的是
After all 毕竟
All in all 总的来说
In a word 总而言之
As a result 结果
In fact / As a matter of fact 事实上
In short / In brief 简而言之
In conclusion 总之
In general /summary 总之
In the end / Finally Last of all 最后
On the whole 总的来看
It may be confirmed that…可以肯定
It’s clear that …很清楚
To sum up 概括地说
Personally, I prefer to …
As far as… be concerned, I think / believe that…
In my opinion, I am in favor of ….
（三）写作中常用到的过渡词：
1.时间顺序：first, second, then, finally, now, before, afterwards, earlier, later, immediately,
suddenly, soon, gradually
2.空间顺序：in front of, behind, at the back of, to the left, to the right, above, below, on one
side, on the other side, next (to), far (from), beside , outside, around
3.因果关系：because, since, as, thanks to, as a result (of), so, therefore, thus, otherwise, on
account of, due to, owe to
4.递进关系：in addition, furthermore, moreover, what’s more, what’s worse, even, besides,
still more, to make things worse
5.例证说明：for example, for instance, such as, in one’s opinion, in fact, in this case, for
actually, that is to say, in other words, according to
6.并列关系：but, and, as well as, or
7.对称关系：for one thing, for another, on the one hand, on the other hand
8.转折关系：above all, at last, in a word, in summary, to sum up, in short, generally speaking,
as you know, in conclusion, in brief, as has been stated
9.总结关系：above all, at last, in a word, in summary, to sum up, in short, generally speaking,
as you know, in conclusion, in brief, as has been stated
10.过渡性插入语：I think, I’m afraid, you know, as we all know, I’m sure, as far as I know
11.强调关系：in fact, indeed, surely, necessarily, certainly, without any doubt, truly, to repeat,
the most important, above all
（四）、常用模式
1．万事看头难常用模式：Nowadays….
It goes without saying that….
Now people begin to realize that….
There is no denying that…..
It is common that…..
2．拓展不下去：
常用模式：（1）、罗列Firstly….Secondly….. Thirdly…..
For one thing…. For another….
On one hand….. On the other hand….
At the same time….
（2）、举例Take… for example…
To explain…
（3）、对比In contrast,…. / On the contrary
（4）、递进Moreover/ In addition/ Besides
（5）、因果Because…/ Because of…
Therefore…/ Consequently…/ As a result,…
The reason is (was) that…
The reason why (for which) …is (was) that…
That is because (why)…
One of the important reason is ….
（6）、转折But…/ However…/ Instead of…
Otherwise… /Nevertheless….
3．难以结尾：常用模式：（1）、总结To sum up…/ In brief…
（2）、个人观点Personally…/ As for me….
现象解释型：
模板一：
