金属材料词典
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钻石词典——钻石珠宝专业名词解释(一)1、阿斯切形钻石(Asscher-Cut Diamond):这种美丽而又独特的钻石切工与祖母绿形几乎相同,区别在于阿斯切是正方形的。
这种阿斯切钻石也拥有如同祖母绿形钻石一样被切磨成长方形刻面的亭部。
2、白金(White gold):白金是纯金通过与镍、锌、银及钯混合,从而变成白色。
由于18k白金含有75%的纯金,因此合成后会稍微呈现黄色。
为了使它更白,几乎所有的18k白金都会被镀上一层铑(铂系家族里一种相当坚硬闪亮的白色金属)。
配戴的时间久了之后,这层铑可能会褪掉,使首饰重新呈现微黄色。
不过只要重新镀上一层铑,就能让首饰恢复其洁白闪亮的原貌。
3、铂金(Platinum):铂金元素符号Pt,银灰白色,比重21.35,熔点1700℃,摩氏硬度4-4.5度,化学性稳定,除王水以外不受酸碱腐蚀,铂金是世界上最稀有的金属之一。
纯铂金比较柔软,常加入钯、铑、钌等金属形成Pt950或Pt900合金而增加其硬度。
4、钯金(Palladium):钯元素符号Pd,是铂族元素之一。
1803年由英国化学家沃拉斯顿在分离铂金时发现。
它与铂金相似,具有绝佳的特性,常态下在空气中不会氧化和失去光泽,是一种异常珍贵的贵金属资源。
5、包镶(Bezel Setting):顾名思义包镶就是用金属边将钻石四周都围住的镶嵌方法,是一种最为稳固和传统的镶嵌方式,充分展现了钻石的亮光,光彩内敛,有平和端庄的气质。
6、八心八箭(Hearts&Arrows):八心八箭也称为丘比特切工,是用于描述当一颗圆形钻石的对称和比例达到某一标准时所呈现的视觉效果。
当在特别的切工镜下观察时,从钻石正面可以看到大小一致、光芒璀璨且对称的八支箭,从钻石底部可以看到完美对称、饱满的八颗心。
7、比利时钻石高阶层议会(HRD):HRD为比利时钻石高阶层议会(Hoge Raad Voor Diamant),由国际钻石理事会(IDC)协商制定HRD国际性钻石分级标准,HRD钻石鉴定中心即按照“IDC规则”进行鉴定。
冶金专业词汇词典
一、矿石类。
1. Ore [ɔː(r)],n.(名词)
- 含义:矿石,矿砂。
例如:Iron ore(铁矿石)。
2. Gangue [ɡæŋ],n.(名词)
- 含义:脉石,矿石中的杂质。
例如:Separate the gangue from the ore(将脉石从矿石中分离出来)。
二、冶炼过程相关。
1. Smelt [smelt],v.(动词)
- 含义:熔炼,冶炼。
例如:They smelt the copper ores in the furnace.(他们在熔炉中冶炼铜矿石)。
2. Refine [rɪˈfaɪn],v.(动词)
- 含义:精炼,提纯。
例如:Refine the iron to make steel(精炼铁以制造钢)。
三、金属材料类。
1. Steel [stiːl],n.(名词)
- 含义:钢。
例如:Carbon steel(碳钢)。
2. Iron [ˈaɪən],n.(名词)
- 含义:铁。
例如:Cast iron(铸铁)。
四、冶金设备类。
1. Furnace [ˈfɜːnɪs],n.(名词)
- 含义:熔炉,火炉。
例如:Blast furnace(高炉)。
2. Crucible [ˈkruːsɪbl],n.(名词)
- 含义:坩埚。
例如:Put the metal in the crucible for melting.(把金属放入坩埚中熔化)。
[英语学习]电子信息工程专业英语词典电子信息工程专业常用词汇A缩写n.缩写加速器n.加速器容纳v.适应或调整。
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316L不锈钢表面氧化铝梯度涂层的制备蒋利,骆心怡,陶杰,常华,高强(南京航空航天大学材料科学与技术学院,江苏南京210016)摘 要:用热浸镀铝+高温热扩散工艺在316L不锈钢表面制备了铁铝梯度涂层,再用工业纯氮气中残留的氧气对其进行氧化处理制备了氧化铝梯度涂层;用OM、SEM、EDS、XRD、XPS和显微硬度仪等方法对涂层进行了分析。
结果表明:750℃浸镀10mi n的热浸镀铝涂层经950℃×4h 热扩散后,涂层表面质量较好,平均厚度120μm,与基体结合紧密;铝、铁呈良好梯度分布,表面最高硬度为800~850HV;经900℃×4h氧化处理后,氧与铝涂层进行了择优氧化,在距表面100 nm以内原位反应生成了氧化铝,且除涂层表面是一层致密的氧化铝膜外,在膜以内氧化铝含量呈梯度分布。
关键词:316L不锈钢;热浸镀铝;热扩散;氧化处理中图分类号:TG111.6;T L349 文献标识码:A 文章编号:100023738(2008)1220040204Pr epar at ion of Al2O3G r a dient Coat ing on316L Sta inless Steel Substra teJ IANG L i,L U O X in2yi,TAO Jie,C H ANG Hua,GA O Qiang(Nanji ng Uni versit y of Aerona utics&Ast ronaut ics,Na ngjing210016,Chi na)Abst ract:Fe2Al gradient coating was p repa red on316L stainless steel surf ace by hot2dip aluminizing and high2tempe rature the rmal diff usion.Then t he as2prepared aluminized coati ng wa s oxygenated by the residual O2in 98.5%N2.The coating wa s a nalyzed by OM,S EM,EDS,XRD,XPS and microha rdne ss.The result s show t hat t he aver age thickness of the coating is120μm with good surface afte r hot dipping at750℃for10min a nd diff usion at950℃for4h.The coa ting also ha d good adhere nce with the subst rate.The surface ha rdne ss wa s up800-850 HV.Ele me nts of Fe a nd Al were in gradient dist ribution.Af ter o xygena ting at900℃for4h,oxygen wa s prefer entially co mbined wit h aluminium.Alumina wa s generated by in2situ r eaction wit h a gradient distribution in t he oxide f ilm except of the surf ace.K ey w or ds:316L stainless steel;ho t2dip aluminizing;t her mal diff usion;oxidation treatment0 引 言为避免核燃料损失和减少环境污染,聚变反应堆结构材料必须具有尽可能低的氚渗透率[1]。
常用术语中英文词典Raw materials:alumina 铝土bauxite 铝矿土log 大圆棒billet 小圆棒(铝棒)butt 废料(挤压切头)Magnesium 镁Silicon 硅Iron 铁Copper 铜Manganese 锰Chromium 铬extruability 可挤压性strength-to-weight ratio 强度重量比quenching 淬火conductivity 可导电性,导电率Equipment: 设备:log conveyor 大圆棒运输机log furnace 大圆棒加热炉billet furnace 铝棒加热炉solvus tempreture 溶线温度solidus tempreture 固线温度log shear 圆棒剪billet transveyor 铝棒运输机press loader 挤压机托料架机械手ram 挤压杆dummy block 压饼(挤压垫)container 盛锭筒container liner 盛锭筒内衬(内套)runout table 输出台front platen 前板main cylinder 主缸Die: 模具:die ring 模套die 模具backer 模垫bolster 前垫shim (sub-bolster) 后垫feeder 导流板pocket(cavity of feeder) 袋式平模hollow die 空心模semi-hollow die 半空心模solid die 平模aperture (pocket) 孔隙die cap 下模(母模)mandrel 上模(公模)porthole 孔式分流模pancake 园盘式模bridge 桥式模spider 蜘蛛模horse shoe 马蹄形止口tool carrier 模座die bearing 工作带relief 空刀die oven 模具加热炉radiant oven 辐射炉infrared oven 红处线炉lead-out table 导出台quench box 淬火槽standing-wave cooling 过水槽冷却mist cooling 水雾冷却air cooling 风冷web 桥port 进料孔puller 牵引机transfer belts 传送台cooling belt 冷却带(台)stretcher 拉直机(调直机)tail head 固定端power head 活动端clamps 夹头crossover belts (拉直机)传送带staging and saw: 锯切工作台和锯staging area 锯切工作台saw 锯batching belt 配置传送带saw gauge 锯切定尺台supervisory control system(SCS) 监视控制系统programmable logic controller(PLC) 可编过程控制器aging oven 时效炉Processtemperature rise 挤压时的上升温度exit temperature 出口温度tearing 扯裂container wall 挤压筒筒壁shear zoneexit temp. measurement 出口温度测量temp. stick 测温笔thermocouple temp. probe 热电偶探测针pyrometer 高温计atomic structure 原子结构quench rate 淬火率precipitate 沉淀Magnesium Silicide crystals 硅化镁晶体intersperse(dispersion) 分散preserve 保持temper 状态critical quench rate 临界淬火率temper designations 状态定义recovery 成品率aluminum oxide 氧化铝scrap 费料productivity measurement 生产效率的评估press efficiency 挤压机效率weight per person-hour 单位时间人均成品率internal scrap produced 费品率rejected and returned material ratio 退货率production and maintenance downtime 停机时间OEE (overall equipment effectiveness) 整个设备效率quality rate 可销售产品率performance rate 实际出品率availability rate 挤压机利用率Quality 质量defects 缺陷vernier(calipers) 千分尺feeler gauge 塞尺go-no-go gauges 专用测型仪protractor 角规square 矩尺,丁字尺Webster hardness tester 韦氏硬度钳back end condition 挤压尾部条件blister 气泡,沙眼bow 弯曲broken die 模具损坏saw burr 锯毛刺chatter 振痕corrosion-pitting 腐蚀点corrosion water stain 水迹die line 模痕faltness deviation 不平(不平淬火,拉伸过分,模具错误)hook 侧面弯曲inclusion 因模具内售杂质而型材含杂质kink 因搬运造成的严重变形lamination 迭层(因铸锭有裂痕,或模具含杂质)flow line 模痕carbon mark 石墨痕handling mark 碰伤roll mark 滚动痕stop mark 断痕stretcher jam mark 拉抻机夹痕traffic mark 碰伤orange peel 桔皮pickup 粘铝铸造常用词中英文对照及简释1. 铸件后处理(post treatment of casting) [ 铸件] 对清理后的铸件进行热处理﹑整形﹑防锈处理和粗加工的过程。
精度precision正弦形的sinusoid交流电路AC circuit机械加工余量machining allowance 变形力deforming force 变形deformation应力stress硬度rigidity热处理heat treatment退火anneal正火normalizing脱碳decarburization渗碳carburization电路circuit半导体元件semiconductor element 反馈feedback 发生器generator直流电源DC electrical source门电路gate circuit逻辑代数logic algebra外圆磨削external grinding内圆磨削internal grinding平面磨削plane grinding变速箱gearbox离合器clutch铰孔fraising铰刀reamer螺纹加工thread processing螺钉screw铣削mill铣刀milling cutter功率power工件workpiece齿轮加工gear mechining齿轮gear主运动main movement主运动方向direction of main movement进给方向direction of feed进给运动feed movement合成进给运动resultant movement of feed合成切削运动resultant movement of cutting合成切削运动方向direction of resultant movement of cutting 切削深度cutting depth前刀面rake face刀尖nose of tool前角rake angle后角clearance angle龙门刨削planing主轴spindle主轴箱headstock卡盘chuck加工中心machining center 车刀lathe tool车床lathe钻削镗削bore车削turning磨床grinder基准benchmark钳工locksmith锻forge压模stamping焊weld拉床broaching machine拉孔broaching装配assembling铸造found流体动力学fluid dynamics 流体力学fluid mechanics加工machining液压hydraulic pressure切线tangent机电一体化mechanotronics mechanical-electrical integration 气压air pressure pneumatic pressure稳定性stability介质medium液压驱动泵fluid clutch液压泵hydraulic pump阀门valve失效invalidation强度intensity载荷load应力stress安全系数safty factor可靠性reliability螺纹thread螺旋helix键spline销pin滚动轴承rolling bearing滑动轴承sliding bearing弹簧spring制动器arrester brake十字结联轴节crosshead联轴器coupling链chain皮带strap精加工finish machining粗加工rough machining变速箱体gearbox casing腐蚀rust氧化oxidation磨损wear耐用度durability随机信号random signal离散信号discrete signal超声传感器ultrasonic sensor集成电路integrate circuit挡板orifice plate残余应力residual stress套筒sleeve扭力torsion冷加工cold machining电动机electromotor汽缸cylinder过盈配合interference fit热加工hotwork摄像头CCD camera倒角rounding chamfer优化设计optimal design工业造型设计industrial moulding design 有限元finite element 滚齿hobbing插齿gear shaping伺服电机actuating motor铣床milling machine钻床drill machine镗床boring machine步进电机stepper motor丝杠 screw rod 导轨 lead rail 组件 subassembly 可编程序逻辑控制器Programmable Logic Controller PLC 电火花加工 electric spark machining 电火花线切割加工 electrical discharge wire - cutting 相图 phase diagram 热处理 heat treatment 固态相变 solid state phase changes 有色金属 nonferrous metal 陶瓷 ceramics 合成纤维synthetic fibre 电化学腐蚀 electrochemical corrosion 车架 automotive chassis 悬架suspension 转向器 redirector 变速器 speed changer 板料冲压 sheet metal parts 孔加工spot facing machining 车间 workshop 工程技术人员 engineer 气动夹紧 pneuma lock 数学模型 mathematical model 画法几何 descriptive geometry 机械制图 Mechanical drawing 投影 projection 视图 view 剖视图 profile chart 标准件 standard component 零件图 part drawing 装配图 assembly drawing 尺寸标注 size marking技术要求 technical requirements 刚度 rigidity 内力 internal force 位移displacement 截面 section 疲劳极限 fatigue limit 断裂 fracture 塑性变形 plastic distortion 脆性材料 brittleness material 刚度准则 rigidity criterion 垫圈 washer 垫片spacer 直齿圆柱齿轮 straight toothed spur gear 斜齿圆柱齿轮 helical-spur gear 直齿锥齿轮 straight bevel gear 运动简图 kinematic sketch 齿轮齿条 pinion and rack 蜗杆蜗轮worm and worm gear 虚约束 passive constraint 曲柄 crank 摇杆 racker 凸轮 cams 共轭曲线 conjugate curve 范成法 generation method 定义域 definitional domain 值域 range 导数\\微分 differential coefficient 求导 derivation 定积分 definite integral 不定积分indefinite integral 曲率 curvature 偏微分 partial differential毛坯 rough 游标卡尺 slide caliper 千分尺 micrometer calipers 攻丝 tap 二阶行列式 second order determinant 逆矩阵 inverse matrix 线性方程组 linear equations 概率probability 随机变量 random variable 排列组合 permutation and combination 气体状态方程 equation of state of gas 动能 kinetic energy 势能 potential energy 机械能守恒conservation of mechanical energy 动量 momentum 桁架 truss 轴线 axes 余子式cofactor 逻辑电路 logic circuit 触发器 flip-flop 脉冲波形 pulse shape 数模 digital analogy 液压传动机构 fluid drive mechanism 机械零件 mechanical parts 淬火冷却quench 淬火 hardening 回火 tempering 调质 hardening and tempering 磨粒 abrasive grain 结合剂 bonding agent 砂轮 grinding wheel。
1.Ampere[ ✌❍☐♏☜☎❒✆ ☎✍✆ ✌❍☐✋☜❒] 安培2.Ampere-meter 安培计3.Safety vent valve 安全放空阀4.Helmet [ ♒♏●❍✋♦] 安全帽5. Hump [♒✈❍☐] angle 安息角散料在堆放时能够保持自然稳定状态的最大角度(单边对地面的角度),称为“安息角”。
6.Erection drawing 安装图7.Installation dimension 安装尺寸8.installation instruction 安装说明9.site of erection 安装现场10.slotted mounted hole 安装长圆孔11.erection dead load 安装静载荷12.ammonia [☜❍☜☺⏹✋☜] 氨13.ammonia plant氨厂14.ammonia synthesis [ ♦✋⏹✋♦✋♦]氨合成气15.saddle type pad 鞍形补强板16.contact angle of saddle support 鞍座包角17.horn [♒⏹] of saddle support 鞍座边角18.reaction of saddle support 鞍座反力19.saddle wrapper [ ❒✌☐☜☎❒✆] plate 鞍座抗磨板20.prorate比例分配, 分派21.code calculation 按规范计算22.push button 按钮23.push button switch [♦♦✋♦☞] 按钮开关24.by volume [ ●◆❍ ☎✍✆ ☜❍]按体积25.part fabricated to drawing 按图加工的零件26.austenitic stainless steel 奥氏体不锈钢27.austeniti chromium [ ❒☜☺❍✋☜❍] nickel[ ⏹✋☎☜✆●] stainless steel 奥氏体铬镍不锈钢28.concavity 凹度29.concave [ ⏹♏✋] 凹面30.gross irregularity [✋❒♏♈☺●✌❒✋♦✋] 凹凸不平31.male [❍♏✋●] and female flange [♐●✌⏹♎✞] 凹凸面法兰32.male female seal [♦♓●] face 凹凸密封面33.concave contour [ ⏹♦☺☜♊☎❒✆] 凹形34.babbitt metal 巴氏合金35.palladium catalyst 钯触媒36.white light 白光37.white metal lined journal bearing 白金衬里轴颈轴承38.percentage 百分比39.part per million(PPM) 百万分之一40.weave bead welding 摆动焊41.flanged sheet 扳边的板42.flanged opening 扳边的开口43.wrench [❒♏⏹♦☞] 扳手44.spanner [ ♦☐✌⏹☜] 以指距测量的人, 测量机量扳手,[机]扳手45.plate edge offset 板边偏移46.panel [ ☐✌⏹●] 面板, 嵌板, 仪表板,冷箱板47.plate diagonal [♎♋♓✌♈☜⏹●] 板材对角线48.plate fin [♐♓⏹] type 板翅式49.plate fin heat exchanger板翅式换热器50.plate thickness 板厚度51.slab [♦●✌♌] 板坯52.core block 板束53.block surface板束表面54.block size 板束尺寸55.core column 板束竖列56.block [♌●] matrix [ ❍♏♓♦❒♓♦] core板束体57.core assembly 板束安装58.core assembly fixture core assembly jig [♎✞♓♈] 板束组装夹具59.plate flange [♐●✌⏹♎✞] 板制法兰60.plate shell [☞♏●] 板制筒体61.semi-conductor 半导体62.semi-conductor facility 半导体工厂63.semi-conductor industry 半导体工业64.semi-continuous furnace [ ♐☜⏹♓♦] 间歇炉,半连续炉65.radius [ ❒♏♓♎☜♦] 半径66.half coupling 半接体67.semi-sphere [♦♐♓☜] head 半球形封头68.semi-automatic fusion weld facility 半自动熔焊设备69.semi-automatic welding 半自动焊接70.semi-killed steel 半镇静钢71.bar bar material 棒材72.bar stock 棒材毛坯料73.Pall [☐●] ring74.clad calding 包复层75.clad metal 包复金属76.contact angle 包角77.thin wall liquid [ ●♓♦♓♎] storage [ ♦♦❒♓♎✞]tank 薄壁式液体储槽78.membrane [ ❍♏❍♌❒♏♓⏹] 薄膜79.film [♐♓●❍] 薄膜,胶片80.diaphragm [ ♎♋♓☜♐❒✌❍] 薄膜,(压缩机)隔板81.wafer valve diaphragm valve薄膜阀82.membrane stress 薄膜应力83.membrane [ ❍♏❍♌❒♏♓⏹] load 薄膜载荷84.diaphragm actuator [ ✌♦◆♏♓♦☜] 薄膜执行机构85.saturation [ ♦✌♦☞☜❒♏♓☞☜⏹] 饱和86.degree of saturation 饱和度87.saturated temperature 饱和温度88.saturated steam [♦♦♓❍] 饱和蒸汽89.holding pump 保持泵90.retainer [❒♓♦♏♓⏹☜] 保持块91.buffer 保护层92.protective end cover 保护端盖93.protective gas cover gas 保护气94.protective cover 保护罩95.protective device 保护装置96.cold insulation [ ♓⏹♦◆●♏♓☞☜⏹]保护材料97.insulated line 保温管线98.insulated piping 保温管道99.insulated surface 保温面100.holding period dwell [♎♦♏●] period 保温阶段101.guaranteed value 保证值102.reject rejection 报废103.proposal quotation tender [ ♦♏⏹♎☜] 报价104.alarm panel 报警面板105.rupture [ ❒✈☐♦☞☜☎❒✆] disc (安全)爆破盘106.burst test 爆破试验,破坏性试验107.burst pressure testing 爆破压力试验108.explosion [♓♦☐●☜◆✞☜⏹] bonding [ ♌⏹♎♓☠] 爆破粘结109.machined edge preparation 刨边准备110.back reflection 背反射111.back face 背面112.back face weld 背面焊缝113.root [❒◆♦] reinforcement 背面余高114.back pressure 背压115.spare part 备件116.spare part list 备件单117.protocol [ ☐❒☜◆♦☜●] minutes 备忘录118.stand by 备用的119.stand by power supply 备用电源120.stand by generator 备用发电机121.stand by turbine 备用透平机膨胀机122.barium [ ♌☪☜❒♓☜❍] 钡123.pump delivery flow 泵排量124.pumping 泵送,泵轴125.pump efficiency 泵效率126.pump station 泵站127.specific heat 比热128.specific heat ratio 比热比129.specific volume 比容parison [ ☜❍☐✌❒♓♦⏹] tube 比色管131.specific gravity 比重132.wall opening 壁面开孔133.wall thickness 壁厚134.reduction of wall thickness 壁厚减薄量135.lightning arresting system 避雷系统136.closed loop control 闭环控制137.closed circuit operation 闭路操作138.boundary [ ♌♋◆⏹♎☜❒♓] layer 边界层139.border line 边线140.edge 边缘,边条141.flat steel 扁钢142.discoloration [♎✋♦✈●☜♊❒♏✋☞☜⏹] 变色143.transmitter [♦❒✌⏹❍♓♦☜] 变送器144.thermal swing adsorption (TSA)变温吸附145.deformation 变形146.transformer[♦❒✌⏹♦♐❍☜☎❒✆ ♦❒] 变压器147.transformer breaker 变压器断路器148.pressure swing absorption(PSA) 变压吸附法149.deterioration [♎♓♦♓☜❒♓☜❒♏♓☞☜⏹]变质,恶化150.portable hand lamp 便携式手灯151.elevation 标高,剖面图152.marking point 标记电点153.gage [♈♏♓♎✞] length 标距plate bracket 标牌垫片155.tagging [ ♦✌♈♓☠]标距156.standard 标准157.criteria 标准,准则158.standard wall thickness 标准壁厚159.standard size core block 标准尺寸板束160.normal atmospheric [ ✌♦❍☜♦♐♏❒♓] pressure 标准大气压161.normal boiling point 标准沸点162.code design pressure 标准规定设计压力163.standard condition 标准工况164.standard tolerance 标准公差165.normal cubic [ ◆♌♓] meter per hour 标准立方米/小时166.standard color solution 标准色溶液167.gauge [♈♏♎✞] 表,仪表168.mounted [ ❍♋◆⏹♦♓♎] in panel [ ☐✌⏹●] 表板安装169.panel operator 表板前操作170.surface 表面171.skin 表面,表皮172.case 表面,箱子,情况173.surface irregularities [♓❒♏♈◆●✌❒♓♦♓]表面不平整174.surface roughness [ ❒✈♐⏹♓♦]表面粗糙度175.skin layer 表面层176.surface weld metal buildup 表面堆焊层177.surface lamination [ ●✌❍♓⏹♏♓☞☜⏹] 表面分层178.face finish 表面光洁度179.surface bulb [♌✈●♌] 表面鼓包180.surface calibration [ ✌●♓♌❒♏♓☞☜⏹] height 表面校准高度181.surface crack [ ❒✌] 表面裂纹182.surface density 表面密度183.surface friction characteristics 表面摩擦特性184.surface defect surface imperfection surface flaw 表面185.panel mounted instrument 表板上安装仪表186.surface temperature 表面温度187.surface staining [ ♦♦♏♓⏹♓☠] 表面污染188.surface oxidation [ ♦♓♎♏♓☞☜⏹] 表面氧化189.face quench [ ♦♏⏹♦☞] hardening 表面淬火硬化190.surface tension 表面张力191.surface folding 表面折皱192.surface preparation 表面准备193.gauge [♈♏♎✞] pressure 表压194.freezing point 冰点195.acetone [ ✌♦♓♦☜◆⏹] 丙酮196.propane [ ☐❒☜◆☐♏♓⏹] 丙烷197.propylene [ ☐❒☜◆☐♓●♓⏹] 丙稀198.connected in parallel [ ☐✌❒☜●♏●] 并联布置199.foil [♐♓●]泊片200.glass tube level meter 玻璃管液位计201.glass wool [♦◆●] 玻璃棉202.glass fiber 玻璃纤维203.fiber glass cloth玻璃纤维布204.fiber glass cord 玻璃纤维绳205.fluctuation 波动206.wave distance 波纹,细浪207.ripple [ ❒♓☐●] 波纹,细浪208.corrugation [ ❒◆♈♏♓☞☜⏹] fin 波纹翅片209.bellow 波纹节波纹管210.corrugation 波纹状211.oscillogram [ ☜♦♓●☜♈❒✌❍ ☜] 波形图212.peel [☐♓●] test 剥离试验213.unsaturated hydrocarbon[ ♒♋♓♎❒☜◆♌☜⏹] 不饱和碳氢化合物214.impure liquid oxygen 不纯液氧215.unequal angle 不等边角钢216.unacceptable 不合格217.unqualified workpiece unacceptable part 不合格零件218.uninterrupted power supply 不间断电源219.non reversing passage 不可逆通道220.non-flammable [ ♐●✌❍☜♌●] liquid 不可燃液体221.misalignment [ ❍♓♦☜●♋♓⏹❍☜⏹♦] 不平行度,不同心度222.out of level 不平度223.uneven [ ✈⏹♓☜⏹] surface 不平整的表面224.non sparking material 不起火花材料225.air proof 不透气得226.incomplete fusion [ ♐◆✞☜⏹] 不完全熔化的227.imperfection 不完善228.non hazardous [ ♒✌☜♎☜♦] liquid 不危险液体229.stainless steel [♦♦♓●]不锈钢230.stainless [ ♦♦♏♓⏹●♓♦] steel plate 不锈钢板231.stainless steel pipe 不锈钢管232.stainless steel electrode [✋●♏♦❒☜☺♎] 不锈钢焊条233.out of roundness [ ❒♋◆⏹♎⏹♓♦] 不圆度234.out of round piping 不圆管道235.unexpanded portion 不胀管部分pensation supplement补偿plementary238.supplementary requirement 补充要求239.back up liquid 补充液体240.make up water 补充用水241.back up bump 补充用泵242.repair welding weld repair 补焊243.bake up system 补给系统244.reinforcement 补强,加强245.reinforcing saddle 补强鞍座246.reinforcing ring 补强圈247.area of reinforcement 补强区248.addenda [☜♊♎♏⏹♎☜] 补遗篇增补篇249.cloth 布250.brinell [♌❒✋♊⏹♏●] hardness 布氏硬度251.partial penetration weld [♦♏●♎]部分焊透焊缝252.partial condensation 部分冷凝253.partial oxidation 部分氧化254.partial oxidation reaction 部分氧化反应255.partial pressure 部分压力256.partial evaporation [♓✌☐☜❒♏♓☞☜⏹] 部分蒸发257.step 步,台阶258.stepper motor 步进电机l [❍♓●] test material 材料厂检验合格记录260.release of material 材料发放261.material [❍☜♦✋☜❒✋☜●] control 材料管理262.material specification 材料规格263.bill of material (BOM) 材料清单264.inspection of material 材料检验265.material test report mill test report certification record材料检验报告266.material election 材料选用267.acceptance of material 材料验收268.material manufacturer 材料制造厂269.purchase [ ☐☜♦☞☜♦] order 采购单270.parameter [☐☜❒✌❍♓♦☜]参数271.reference [ ❒♏♐❒☜⏹♦] standard 参考标准272.reference specification 参考规格273.reference test block 参考试验性板束274.reference drawing 参考图275.reference 参考文献,参考276.residual [❒♓♓♎◆☜●] gas analysis 残余气体分析277.residual moisture [ ❍♓♦♦☞☜] 残余水份278.residual stress 残余应力279.storehouse 仓库280.warehouse 仓库281.grove [♈❒☜◆] 槽,开槽282.channel [ ♦☞✌⏹●]槽钢,管箱283.slot [♦●♦] -weld 槽焊284.grove depth 槽深285.side wall 侧壁286.side wall plate 侧壁板287.side header 侧封头288.side stream [♦♦❒♓❍] 侧流289.side view 侧视图290.side bend [♌♏⏹♎] test 侧弯试验291.measurement [ ❍♏✞☜❍☜⏹♦]测量292.measuring point 测量点293.monitor 监控,测控294.dynamometer [ ♎♋♓⏹☜❍❍♓♦☜] 测力仪,load cell295.temperature instrument [ ♓⏹♦♦❒◆❍☜⏹♦] 测温仪表296.vibrometer [ ♋♓♌❒❍♓♦☜] 测振动仪297.mode of operation 操作方法298.operation procedure299.operating condition 操作工况300.operation experience [♓♦☐♓☜❒♓☜⏹♦] 操作经验301.operating flexibility [ ♐●♏♦☜♌♓●♓♦♓]操作灵活性302.operation flexibility操作灵活性303.operation platform 操作平台304.operating personnel 操作人员305.mal [❍●]-operation错误操作,不正确运行306.training of operation operation training 操作培训307.operation and maintenance [ ❍♏♓⏹♦♓⏹☜⏹♦] manual 操作维护书308.abnormal [✌♌⏹❍☜●] operation 操作异常309.operating blind[♌●♋♓⏹♎]操作用闷板310.operation 操作运转311.operation weight [♦♏♓♦] 操作重量312.schematic [♦♓❍✌♦♓] drawing 草图yer层314.insert 插入物315.differential protection 差动保护316.differential watt [♦♦] meter 差动电表317.pressure differential gauge [♈♏♎✞]差压计318.differential pressure indicator差动开关319.difference 差异320.dismantling [♎♓♦❍✌⏹♦●♓☠] 拆解321.disassembly 拆解322.out put 产量323.throughput 产量324.range ability 产量调节变化范围325.gas generation rate 产气率326.product 产品327.product back up pump 产品补充用泵328.product purity [ ☐◆☜❒♓♦♓]产品纯度329.product flow 产品流量330.product gas 产品331.product stream 产品流332.product gaseous [ ♈✌♦♓☜♦ ♈♏♓☜♦] nitrogen [ ⏹♋♓♦❒☜♎✞☜⏹] 产品气体态氮333.product compression 产品压缩334.product argon [ ♈⏹] sub-cooler335.product vaporizer [ ♏♓☐☜❒♋♓☜] 产品蒸发器336.long radius [ ❒♏♓♎☜♦] elbow [ ♏●♌☜☺]长径弯头337.length 长度338.long dimension 长度方向尺寸339.slotted hole 长圆孔340.oblong [ ♌●☠] 长方形341.normal inspection 常规检验342.routine inspection343.constant 常数344.warm compressor 常温压缩机345.building 厂房346.building design 厂房设计347.shop test run 厂内试车348.shop fabrication [ ♐✌♌❒♓♏♓☞☜⏹] 厂内制作349.shop fabricated pressure vessel 厂内制作压力容器350.shop fabricated cold box 厂内制作冷箱351.shop fabricated tank 厂内制造储槽352.open drain [♎❒♏♓⏹] 敞开排放353.out of tolerance 超出公差范围354.ultra low temperature 超低温355.ultra high purity 超高纯度356.exceed 超过357.supercritical [ ♦◆☐☜❒♓♦♓☜●] fluid 超临界流体358.ultrasonic [ ✈●♦❒☜♦⏹♓] test 超声波检验359.ultrasonic examination360.ultrasonic crack detection 超声波检验裂纹361.over speed 超速362.over speed testing 超速试验363.spin [♦☐♓⏹] tester 超速试验机364.excessive pressure 超压365.moist [❍♓♦♦] atmospheric[ ✌♦❍☜♦♐♏❒♓] air 潮湿天气366.humid weather367.shop 车间368.supervision of shop fabrication 车间监造369.dust particle [ ☐♦♓●]尘粒370.deposit [♎♓☐♓♦]沉积物371.cloth-backed 衬布的372.backing material 衬垫材料373.backing ring 衬里374.bushing[ ♌◆☞♓☠]衬套375.backing strip[♦♦❒♓☐]衬条376.stay bar 拉条position [ ❍☐☜♓☞☜⏹]成分378.constituent [ ☜⏹♦♦♓♦◆☜⏹♦] 委托人, 要素379.mass production 成批生产380.clarification [ ●✌❒♓♐♓♏♓☞☜⏹]澄清381.program control 程序控制382.program control unit 程序控制器383.contractor 承包人384.dimension 尺寸385.dimension tolerance [ ♦●☜❒☜⏹♦]尺寸公差386.dimension check 尺寸检查387.gear 齿轮388.gear box gear case 齿轮箱389.rack 齿条,行架390.fin configuration 翅片391.fin corrugation [ ❒◆♈♏♓☞☜⏹] machine 翅片成型冲床392.fin corrugation [ ❒◆♈♏♓☞☜⏹] section翅片段393.fin height 翅片高度394.fin tolerance 翅片公差395.fin geometry [♎✞♓❍♓♦❒♓] 翅片几何形状396.fin density 翅片密度397.fin efficiency 翅片效率398.fin corrugation [ ❒◆♈♏♓☞☜⏹] type 翅片型式399.endurance limit 持久极限400.stroke [♦♦❒☜◆] 冲程401.impact fracture 冲击断口402.absorbed in fracture [ ♐❒✌♦☞☜] energy 冲击功403.impact toughness [ ♦✈♐⏹♓♦] 冲击韧性404.impact test 冲击试验405.impact test specimen [ ♦☐♏♦♓❍♓⏹ ❍☜⏹]冲击试验试样406.impulse wheel impact impeller 冲击式叶轮407.impact noise analysis 冲击噪音分析408.perforation [☐♐☜❒♏✋☞☎☜✆⏹] 充孔409.flushing [ ♐●✈☞♓☠] oil 冲洗油410.nitrogen [ ⏹♋♓♦❒☜♎✞☜⏹] back filling 充氮411.full water test 充满水试压412.bottle filling 充瓶413.cylinder [ ♦♓●♓⏹♎☜] filling compressor bottling compressor 充瓶压缩机414.cylinder filling pump bottling pump bottle filling manifold [ ❍✌⏹♓♐☜◆●♎] 充瓶用泵415.aerator [♊♏✋☜❒♏✋♦☜☎❒✆] ventilation [ ♏⏹♦♓●♏♓☞☜⏹] system 充气装置416.weight[♦♏♓♦] filled with water 充水重量417.overfilling[ ☜◆☜♐♓●♓☠]充填过量418.diameter [♎♋♓✌❍♓♦☜] of filling 充填直径419.repeated-stress 重复应力420.restarting 重新启动421.retightening 重新拧紧422.rework 重新加工423.air bleed [♌●♓♎] set 抽气机424.sample inspection 抽样检查425.fume [♐◆❍] extraction [♓♦♦❒✌☞☜⏹] 抽烟雾426.oil mist [❍♓♦♦] fan 抽油雾风机427.vacuum [ ✌◆☜❍] pulling evacuation [♓✌◆♏♓☞☜⏹] vacuum[ ✌◆☜❍] pumping 抽真空428.vacuum [ ✌◆☜❍] pumping set 抽真空机组429.manufacturing serial number serial number 出厂编号l test certificate 出厂试验合格证431.outlet [ ♋◆♦●♏♦ ●♓♦]出口432.outlet nozzle [ ⏹●]出口接管433.outlet pressure 出口压力434.outlet weir [♦♓☜]出口堰435.pressure out of cold box 出冷箱压力436.access [ ✌♦♏♦]出入口437.water outlet nozzle 出水口438.primary flow sheet 初步流程图439.preliminary [☐❒♓●♓❍♓⏹☜❒♓] plan 初步计划440.preliminary [☐❒♓●♓❍♓⏹☜❒♓] design 初步设计441.nitrogen [ ⏹♋♓♦❒☜♎✞☜⏹] removal column 除氮塔442.nitrogen rejection column[ ●☜❍]除氮塔443.de-scaling [ ♦♏♓●♓☠]除锈,除垢444.degassing 除气445.thawing [ ♓☠] line 除霜管道446.defrost gas除霜气体447.deriming gas除霜气体448.demister [♎♓❍♓♦♦☜] mist eliminator [♓●♓❍♓⏹♏♓♦☜]除雾器449.mist eliminator pad [☐✌♎]除雾器丝网块450.de-rusting 除锈451.deoxygenization after-cooler 除氧后冷却器452.degreasing 除油453.tank储槽454.storage tank储槽455.storage vessel[ ♏♦●]储槽456.tank wall 储槽壁面457.tank foundation 储槽基础458.tank grade 储槽级别459.storage[ ♦♦❒♓♎✞] capacity 储存能量460.gas holder [ ♒☜◆●♎☜] 储气柜461.receiver [❒♓♦♓☜]储气器462.handing 处理463.trigger [ ♦❒♓♈☜] action 触发器464.bed 床465.bed limiter (填料)床压板466.bed support grid [♈❒♓♎](填料)床支撑栅格467.conduction 传导468.actuating system 传动系统469.heat transfer 传热470.heat transfer safety factor 传热安全系数471.heat transfer surface 传热表面472.heat transfer rate 传热率473.heat transfer fin传热翅片474.heat transfer area 传热面积475.heat transfer coefficient[ ☜◆♓♐♓☞☜⏹♦] multiplier [ ❍✈●♦♓☐●♋♓☜]传热系数乘数476.conventional pressure vessel 传统压力容器477.mass transfer 传质478.surge479.surge point480.surge condition481.surge control482.surge [♦☜♎✞] line483.connected in series 串联484.gas colluding[ ☜●☎✆◆♎] 串气485.gas cross leakage [ ●♓♓♎✞]串气486.square-ness 垂直度487.perpendicularity[ ☐☜☐☜⏹♎♓◆●✌❒♓♦♓]垂直度488.verticality垂直度489.vertical joint垂直焊缝490.peening锤击、敲击491.pure 纯的492.purity 纯度493.purity analysis 纯度分析494.purification [ ☐◆☜❒♓♐♓♏♓☞☜⏹] 纯化,净化495.purifier [ ☐◆☜❒♓♐♋♓☜]纯化器496.pure argon [ ♈⏹]纯氮497.pure oxygen [ ♦♓♎✞☜⏹]纯氧498.enamel [♓⏹✌❍☜●] paint499.ceramic ball500.ceramic [♦♓❒✌❍♓]瓷性的501.magnaflux-examination 磁粉检测502.flux [♐●✈♦]磁力线503.magnetic [❍✌♈⏹♏♦♓] particle 磁力涂料504.secondary flow line 次要流路505.roughness粗糙度数506.rough [❒✈♐] pump 粗抽泵507.crude krypton [ ❒♓☐♦⏹] xenon [ ♏⏹⏹] fraction 粗氪馏分508.crude neon [ ⏹♓☜⏹] helium[ ♒♓●☜❍ ●♓☜❍] fraction 粗氖氦馏份509.crude argon 粗氩510.crude argon reboiler condenser 粗氩冷凝蒸发器511.crude argon column 粗氩塔512.crude liquid argon 粗液氩513.crude liquid oxygen 粗液氧(液空)514.muriatic [ ❍◆☜❒♓✌♦♓] acid 粗盐酸515.embitterment 脆化516.brittleness 脆性517.brittle [ ♌❒♓♦●] coating 脆性涂层518.brittle coating testing 脆性涂层试验519.brittle fracture [ ♐❒✌♦☞☜]脆性断裂520.quench [ ♦♏⏹♦☞]淬火521.catalyst [ ✌♦☜●♓♦♦]催化剂522.catalyst drain [♎❒♏♓⏹] nozzle 催化剂扒出口523.trap [♦❒✌☐]存水弯(集水器)524.file [♐♋♓●]锉刀525.offset of plate edge 错边量526.cross flow 错流527.fault 错误i. D528.Overlap 搭接p joint 搭接焊缝530.butt [♌✈♦] strap 搭接板531.punching card 打孔卡532.punching machine 打孔机533.die stamping 打钢印534.bull gear 大齿轮535.heavy hex nut 大六角头螺栓536.atmosphere icing 大气结冰537.mean atmospheric temperature 大气平均温度538.atmosphere pressure 大气压力539.big end (连杆)大头540.tonnage [ ♦✈⏹♓♎✞] oxygen plant 大型制氧设备541.overhaul [ ☜◆☜♒●] 大修rge diameter end 大直径端头543.identifying number 代号544.tape 带545.reinforced branch [♌❒⏹♦☞]带补强圈支管546.grooved tube sheet 带槽管板547.grooved tube hole 带槽管孔548.grooved channel cover 带槽管箱端549.finned surfaced 带翅片表面550.finned [♐♓⏹♎] passage 带翅片通道551.pressure gage with contract 带触点压力表552.davit man way 带吊架人孔553.control valve with positioner 带定位器的调节阀554.flanged end 带法兰接头555.flange[♐●✌⏹♎✞] nozzle 带法兰接管556.foot valve with strainer[ ♦♦❒♏♓⏹☜]带过滤器脚阀557.hinge man way 带铰链人孔558.corrugated perforated siding 带孔波纹侧板559.threaded portion 带螺纹部分560.inner screwed [♦❒◆♎] flanged 带内螺纹法兰561.coated electrode 带涂层的电焊条562.flanged and dished head 带直边的蝶形封头563.single wall vessel 单壁容器564.single miter[ ❍♋♓♦☜]单道斜接弯头565.single (double)acting 单(双)动式566.solo run 单机试车567.single stage compressor 单级压缩机568.single pressure column 单级塔569.one side welding/single welding 单面焊接570.single fillet [ ♐♓●♓♦] weld 单面填角焊571.single welded butt joint 单面对接焊缝572.single chamber 单室炉573.single bus system 单线系统574.single phase power 单相电源575.single shaft design (压缩机)单轴结构576.fresh water 淡水577.nitrogen 氮578.nitrogen subcooler 氮过冷器579.nitriding [ ⏹♋♓♦❒♋♓♎♓☠]氮化580.nitrided cast iron 氮化铸铁581.nitrogen reflux氮回流液582.nitrogen expansion 氮膨胀583.nitrogen washing plant584.nitrogen wash gas separation plant 氮洗气体分离设备585.nitrogen compressor 氮压机586.nitrogen compressor snubber[ ♦⏹✈♌☜]氮压机缓冲罐587.nitrogen liquefier [ ●♓♦♓♐♋♓☜]氮液化器588.nitrogen [ ⏹♋♓♦❒☜♎✞☜⏹] refrigeration cycle 氮制冷循环589.local safety regulation 当地安全规范590.local government 当地政府591.buffer plate 挡板592.dog 挡板593.locking ring 挡圈594.snow deflector 挡雪板595.conduit fitting 导管管件596.conduit duct 导管597.rail extension 导轨伸长598.guide 导块,导向599.distributor /distributor fin 倒流翅片600.distribution section 导流段601.thermal conductivity 导热率602.coefficient of conductivity 导热系数603.pilot [ ☐♋♓●☜♦] valve 导向阀604.guide ring 导向环605.guide vane [ ♏♓⏹]导向叶片606.guide bearing 导向轴承607.chamfer [ ♦☞✌❍♐☜]倒角的mp [●✌❍☐]灯ntern [ ●✌⏹♦☜⏹] ring 灯笼环610.equal angle 等边角钢611.isenthalpic 等焓的612.grade 等级613.plasma [ ☐●✌❍☜]等离子614.plasma arc [ ]等离子弧615.plasma spray [♦☐❒♏♓]等离子喷涂616.plasma arc cutting machine 等离子切割机617.equation 等式618.isentropic [♋♓♦♏⏹♦❒☐♓]等熵线的619.isothermal[ ♋♓♦☜◆☜❍☜●]等熵线的620.isentropic expansion 等温膨胀621.isotherm [ ♋♓♦☜◆☜❍]等温线622.isothermal compressor 等温压缩623.isothermal [ ♋♓♦☜◆☜❍☜●] pressure drop test 等温压降试验624.low purity oxygen 低纯度氧625.low point drain 低点排液口626.low voltage /low tension 低电压627.low voltage power system 低电压系统628.low ally [☜●♋♓ ✌●♋♓] steel 低合金钢d steel 低碳钢630.cryogenic [ ❒♋♓☜◆♎✞♏⏹♓]低温的631.cryogenic [ ❒♋♓☜◆♎✞♏⏹♓] temperature 低温的632.low temperature633.cryogenic material 低温材料634.cold brittleness[ ♌❒♓♦●⏹♓♦]低温脆性635.cold product gas 低温产品气636.cryogenic burn 低温冻伤637.sub-ambient distillation apparatus [ ✌☐☜❒♏♓♦☜♦]低温分馏设备638.cryogenic piping 低温管道639.cryogenic heat exchanger 低温换热器640.cryogenic machine 低温机器641.cryogenic distillation / cryogenic fraction distillation 低温精馏法642.cryogenic air separation process低温空分流程643.cryogenic process plant 低温流程设备644.cryogenic fluid 低温流体645.cryogenic dump tank 低温排液槽646.cryogenic expander 低温膨胀机647.cryogenic equipment 低温设备648.low pressure 低压649.low pressure side 低压侧650.low pressure tank 低压槽651.low pressure rectifier [ ❒♏♦♓♐♋♓☜]低压分馏塔652.low pressure column 低压塔653.low pressure plant 低压设备654.slab [♦●✌♌] 底板、盖板、655.base plate /bottom plate 底板656.bottom 底部657.bottom support grid 底部支撑栅格658.bottom insulation 底部绝垫659.primer [ ☐❒♋♓❍☜]底漆660.base frame 底座框架661.basement 底座、地下室662.trench [♦❒♏⏹♦☞]地沟663.anchor bolt 地脚螺栓664.anchor bolting 地脚螺栓紧固665.anchor force 地脚螺栓紧固力666.ground level 地面667.above ground storage tank 地面储槽668.underground pipeline 地下管道669.underground silencer pit 地下消声坑670.underground water 地下水671.seismic[ ♦♋✋❍✋] load / earthquake loading 地震672.seismic [ ♦♋✋❍✋] force 地震力673.seismic[ ♦♋✋❍✋] moment 地震力矩674.tack welding /spot welding 点焊675.point support 点支撑676.neon [ ⏹♓☜⏹] tester 电笔677.battery 电池678.solenoid [ ♦☜◆●♓⏹♓♎] 电磁679.solenoid actuator [ ✌♦◆♏♓♦☜]电磁阀执行机构680.solenoid [ ♦☜◆●♓⏹♓♎] valve 电磁阀681.electromagnet [✋●♏♦❒☜☺❍✌♈⏹✋♦] 电磁铁682.electric to pneumatic [⏹◆☎✆❍✌♦♓] relay 电动-气动继电器683.electroplating 电镀684.electrical load 电负荷685.arc [ ] welding 电焊686.arc welding procedure 电焊工艺687.electrochemical corrosion 电化学腐蚀688.electrical heating 电加热689.motor 电机690.motor starter 电机起动器691.motor driven compressor 电机驱动压缩机692.motor driven oil pump 电机驱动压油泵693.motor driven valve 电机驱动阀694.motor driven traveling 电机驱动移动式695.reactor 电抗器696.electric control 电控697.cable 电缆698.cable cabinet 电缆接线柜699.cable tray [♦❒♏♓] 电缆桥架700.cable conduit [ ⏹♎♓♦]电缆导管701.conduit body 电缆导管的接头体702.electric power 电力703.current 电流704.circuit 电路,管路,通路705.circuit identification 电路识别706.electrical equipment 电器设备707.electrical heat tracing 电热示踪708.electrical reactivation 电热再生709.electrical fusion welded pipe 电容焊管710.potentiometer 电位计711.electrical line 电线712.voltage 电压713.power supply 电源。
动态回复•金属材料在进行热加工时几乎与塑性变形同时发生的回复过程。
是热加工过程中金属材料保持软化状态的主要原因,对不发生动态再结晶的金属材料则是唯一原因。
动态回复过程与一般回复大致相同(参见“回复”),其显著特征是晶粒沿变形方向呈纤维状, 在晶粒内形成等轴亚晶粒,其强度比再结晶组织高得多。
- 来源:金属材料简明辞典•在热加工和蠕变过程中发生的回复。
对于层错能高的材料如Al,铁素体钢,Zn,Mg,Sn等,在热变形过程中,形变硬化和动态软化同时发生,表现为恒定应力下的塑性变形。
刃型位错的滑移及攀移、螺型位错的交滑移、扩展位错的束集及交滑移等一方面引起位错抵消,从而造成软化,另一方面由于多边形化形成的等轴亚晶处于动态平衡中。
加工得到的组织为变形伸长的晶粒,呈纤维状。
动态回复的亚组织比较稳定,热形变终止后迅速冷却, 亚组织可以保留下来。
- 来源:现代材料科学与工程辞典•dynamic recovery- 来源:英汉汉英灾害科学词典•金属在热塑性变形过程中通过热激活,空位扩散、位错运动(滑移、攀移)相消和位错重排的过程。
金属在动态回复过程中往往形成胞状组织,其大小和胞壁的清晰程度与金属金属高温下的应力一应变曲线硬化率减少的区域为发生动态回复过程的区间,在这一区域,热激活和应力的作用促使发生交滑移,并且由于温度高,动态回复所需的激活能可促使点阵的扩散,胞壁虽仍存在但很薄。
铝和α铁热变形时经过动态回复过程后,因发生交滑移与攀移而形成了形态良好的亚结构。
将高温变形后的材料迅速冷却以抑止静态回复与静态再结晶,然后在室温下进行观察,在组织上若能看到亚结构,则证明确实发生了动态回复。
具有这种组织的材料,其强度与韧性均比一般再结晶材料的高。
- 来源:中国冶金百科全书 金属塑性加工•所谓动态回复是指在形变状态下发生的回复,而不是发生在形变停止之后,在蠕变过程与超塑变形过程中均能发生动态回复.由此可见动态回复一般在较高的温度下材料处于形变状态下所发生的过程.高温形变的流变曲线一般可分成三个阶段,第一阶段的形变为微应变区,在此区间,塑性形变的速度由零增加到试验速度,应力应变曲线的斜率较大,如图所示,当应力应变曲线的斜率降低一个数量级时,微应变阶段结束,形变进入第二阶段,加工硬化率逐渐降低,最后达到第三阶段,称为平稳阶段,加工硬化的实际速度为零. 在微应变阶段,位错密度由退火状态的1010~1011m-2,增至1011~1012 m-2,宏观流变开始后,位错密度继续增加,进入平稳状态后,位错密度维持在1014~1015m-2.也就是位错的增殖率与位错的消失率之间达到了动态平衡.动态回复阶段的应力应变曲线应该指出,热加工过程中的动态回复不能看成是冷加工与静态回复的叠加.应变与回复同时出现就避免了冷加工效果的累积.热加工过程中常会形成亚结构,它的尺寸受形变温度与应变速度的影响.形变温度愈高,应变速度愈慢,生成的亚结构的尺寸愈大.动态回复是通过位错攀移,交滑移和位错结点的脱锚而进行的.因此层错能高的金属在热加工时容易发生动态回复.面心立方结构的铝及其合金比铜及其合金就容易发生动态回复.。