上高中高三提升版本样题19、38包括答案.doc
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高中2016级毕业班高考综合能力提升卷(三)语文注意事项:1.本试题卷分为选择题和非选择题两部分。
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阅读下面的文字,完成小题。
我们中华民族,几千年来为什么总是离不开诗呢?那是因为诗和我们的文化有着紧密的联系,我们这个民族把诗意看作自己民族文化的本质。
说到底,西方人是用科学的方式来理解世界,而我们中国人则是用诗意的方式理解世界,这是我们特有的思维方式。
譬如说,苏东坡的策论《刑赏忠厚之至论》提到了一个典故:尧统治天下时,手下的法官皋陶要杀犯人,但尧反对了三次,主张不杀。
主考官欧阳修特地问苏东坡这个典故的出处,苏东坡坦然回答:“何需出处!”他是根据策论的需要,自己编造出来的。
还有个例子是《史记》。
《史记》是司马迁写的史书,但鲁迅对它有这样的评价:“史家之绝唱,无韵之《离骚》”,这里鲁迅非常含蓄地指出,《史记》其实不是真实的史书,它是散文、是诗。
譬如“鸿门宴”,写得如此精彩,所有的细节都栩栩如生,但鸿门宴在历史上有没有如此真切地出现过呢?其实司马迁只是非常合理地写了一段可能是真实的历史。
这就是我们中国人,那么重要的一位史学家,也是用一种诗意的方式,在为我们民族留下那样一段可能存在的历史。
我们中国文化史的核心就是诗意,或者说诗意是中国文化中一个非常重要的因素。
这就是为什么诗像梦一样一直缠绕着我们中华民族几千年,我们民族的每个母亲都希望自己的孩子从小能够读几首诗、背几首诗,因为诗可以说是我们中华民族血脉里的东西。
纵观我们民族的文学史,应该说它也是一部诗的历史。
大家可能很熟悉胡适先生关于文学史的观点,那就是唐诗宋词元曲明清小说,他认为中国文学是这样发展的。
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绝密★启用前2019届浙江省高三新高考优化提升卷(三)数学试题注意事项:1、答题前填写好自己的姓名、班级、考号等信息 2、请将答案正确填写在答题卡上一、单选题1.设集合2{|}M x x x ==,{|lg 0}N x x =≤,则M N ⋃=()A .[0,1]B .(0,1]C .[0,1)D .(,1]-∞答案:A解:试题分析:{}{}2|0,1M x x x ===,{}{|lg 0}|01N x x x x =≤=<≤,所以,故选A.2.已知12z i =-+,在复平面内,复数z 与1z 所对应的点关于虚轴对称,则1zz =() A .3455i + B .3455-i C .3455i -+ D .3455i -- 答案:A由题意求出z 对应的点为()1,2-,从而可求出1z 对应的点()1,2,即可求出112z i =+,结合复数的除法运算可求出1zz 的值.解:依题意得112z i =+,z 对应的点为()1,2-,所以1z 对应的点()1,2,即112z i =+,所以112(12)(12)3412(12)(12)55z i i i i z i i i -+-+-===+++-. 故选:A. 点评:本题考查了复数的乘法运算,考查了复数的除法运算,考查了复数对应的点.本题的易错点在于计算,应注意21i =-而不是1.3.已知一个几何体的三视图如图所示,则该几何体的体积为()A .43B .83C .163D .323答案:B 解:该几何体的直观图如图所示,是一个三棱锥和一个三棱柱的组合体,据此可得该几何体的体积为:221118(2)2(2)2.2323V =⨯⨯+⨯⨯⨯= 本题选择B 选项.点睛:(1)求解以三视图为载体的空间几何体的体积的关键是由三视图确定直观图的形状以及直观图中线面的位置关系和数量关系,利用相应体积公式求解;(2)若所给几何体的体积不能直接利用公式得出,则常用等积法、分割法、补形法等方法进行求解. 4.已知向量(1,3)a =-r ,向量(2,1)=r b ,若()a kb b +⊥r r r,则实数k 的值为() A .0 B .15C .45D .1答案:B先求得a kb +r r的坐标,再根据()a kb b +⊥r r r ,由()0a kb b +⋅=r r r 求解.解:因为向量(1,3)a =-r,向量(2,1)=r b ,所以(12,3)a kb k k +=+-r r , 因为()a kb b +⊥r r r ,所以()2(12)30a kb b k k +⋅=++-=r r r ,解得15k =.故选:B . 点评:本题考查平面向量的数量积及坐标运算,还考查了运算求解的能力,属于基础题. 5.函数()cos y x x x ππ=-≤≤的图象可能是()A .B .C .D .答案:A试题分析:由题意得,函数为奇函数,图象关于原点对称,故排除B ,C ,又∵2x π=,0y =,排除D ,故选A.【考点】函数的性质及其图象.6.已知,,l m n 是三条不同的直线,,αβ是两个不同的平面,那么下列命题正确的是()A .若l m ⊥,l n ⊥,m α⊂且n ⊂α,则l α⊥B .若αβ⊥,l αβ=I ,m l ⊥,则m α⊥C .若//m β,//n β,m α⊂且n ⊂α,则//αβD .若//αβ,l α⊥,//m l 且n β⊂,则m n ⊥答案:D由题意,A 中,根据线面垂直的判定定理,只有当直线m 与直线n 相交时,才能得到l α⊥,所以不正确;B 中,根据面面垂直的性质定理可知,只有当m β⊂时,才能得到m α⊥,所以不正确;C 中,当//m n 时,此时平面α与平面β可能是相交平面,所以不正确;D 中由//,l αβα⊥,则l β⊥,又//m l ,则m β⊥,又因为n β⊂,所以m n ⊥,所以是正确的,故选D.7.已知F 是双曲线22221(0,0)x y a b a b-=>>的右焦点,以坐标原点O 为圆心,以OF 为半径的圆与该双曲线的渐近线在y 轴右侧的两个交点记为,A B ,且120AFB ︒∠=,则双曲线的离心率为() ABC .2D答案:C设点A 在第一象限,由222,b y x ax y c ⎧=⎪⎨⎪+=⎩和0x >,求得(,)A a b ,同理得(,)B a b -,然后根据120AFB ︒∠=,得到||||AB AF =,即2b =.解:设点A 在第一象限,由222,b y x ax y c⎧=⎪⎨⎪+=⎩和0x >, 解得,,x a y b =⎧⎨=⎩,即(,)A a b ,同理得(,)B a b -,因为120AFB ︒∠=,所以|||AB AF =,即2b =22223()c a b c a -==-,化简得2c a =,所以双曲线的离心率2ce a==, 故选:C . 点评:本题考查双曲线的几何性质、圆的性质,还考查了运算求解的能力,属于中档题. 8.已知某8个数的期望为5,方差为3,现又加入一个新数据5,此时这9个数的期望记为()E X ,方差记为()D X ,则() A .()5,()3E X D X => B .()5,()3E X D X =< C .()5,()3E X D X <> D .()5,()3E X D X <<答案:B分析:首先利用离散型随机变量的期望和方程的计算公式,结合题中所给的条件,列出相应的式子,从而求得(),()E X D X 的值,进而得到正确的选项.详解:根据题意可知,58559EX ⨯+==(), 238(55)8()393D X ⨯+-==<,故选B.点睛:该题考查的是离散型随机变量的期望和方程的有关问题,在解题的过程中,注意正确理解离散型随机变量的期望和方差的意义,正确使用其运算公式,从而得到确切的值,得到正确的答案.9.若存在实数a ,对任意(0,]x m ∈,不等式()212ln 0ax x a x---⋅≤恒成立,则实数m 的取值范围是()A .(0,2]B .10,2⎛+ ⎝⎦C .30,2⎛- ⎝⎦D .30,2⎛+ ⎝⎦答案:B将条件等价转化为函数2()2f x x x =-的图象和函数()1g x x =-的图象分别位于直线y a =的两侧,然后结合图象求出答案即可.解:对任意(0,]x m ∈,不等式()212ln0ax x a x---≤恒成立, 等价于不等式()22[ln(1)ln ]0x x a a x ----≤恒成立, 等价于)2(2(1)0x x a a x ----≤恒成立,等价于()22[(1)]0a x x a x ⎡⎤--⋅--≤⎣⎦恒成立, 等价于函数2()2f x x x =-的图象和函数()1g x x =-的图象分别位于直线y a =的两侧在直角坐标系内画出函数2()2f x x x =-和函数()1g x x =-的图象如图所示,由221y x x y x ⎧=-⎨=-⎩解得35A x -=,所以两个函数图象的横坐标较小的交点坐标为3515,22A ⎛⎫--+⎪⎝⎭, 由图易得当152a -+=时,m 取得最大值,令21522x x -+-=,解得max 152m +=, 所以m 的取值范围为150,⎛⎤+ ⎥ ⎝⎦,故选:B 点评:本题考查不等式恒成立问题、函数的性质,将题中的不等式恒成立问题转化为函数图象的问题是解题的关键.10.如图,二面角BC αβ--的大小为6π,,AB CD αβ⊂⊂,且2AB =,2BD CD ==,4ABC π∠=,3BCD π∠=,则AD 与β所成角的大小为()A .4π B .3π C .6π D .12π答案:C取BC 的中点为E ,连接,AE DE ,根据2BD CD ==,3BCD π∠=,得到DE BC ⊥,由222AE BE AB +=,得到AE BC ⊥,从而AED ∠为二面角BC αβ--的平面角,则BC ⊥平面AED ,6AED π∠=,平面β⊥平面AED ,则ADE ∠即为AD 与平面β所成的角,然后在AED V 中由余弦定理求解. 解: 如图所示:设BC 的中点为E ,连接,AE DE , 因为2BD CD ==,3BCD π∠=,所以DE BC ⊥,2BC =,则22113241,--=====B BE BC DE D BE 又因为2AB =,4ABC π∠=,所以1AE =,222AE BE AB +=, 所以,AE BC AE DE E ⊥⋂=,所以AED ∠为二面角BC αβ--的平面角, BC ⊥平面AED ,所以6AED π∠=,因为BC β⊂,所以平面β⊥平面AED , 过A 作AF DE ⊥, 所以AF ⊥平面β,所以DE 为AF 在平面β内的射影, 所以ADE ∠即为AD 与平面β所成的角, 在AED V 中,由余弦定理得:222cos +-⋅∠AD AE DE AE DE AED ,31321312=+-⨯⨯⨯= 所以1AD AE ==,所以AED V 是等腰三角形, 所以6ADE AED π∠=∠=,故选:C. 点评:本题只有考查线面角、二面角的求法及应用,还考查了空间想象和推理论证,运算求解的能力,属于中档题. 二、双空题11.已知a 为实数,直线1:660l ax y +-=,直线2:2350l x y ++=,若12l l //,则a =__________;若12l l ⊥,则a =__________.答案:4-912//,326, 4.l l a a ∴=⨯∴=Q 12,2360,9.l l a a ⊥∴+⨯=∴=-Q12.将函数sin 2()y x x x R =+∈的图象向左平移(0)m m >个单位长度后,所得到的图象关于y 轴对称,则m 的最小值为______,此时函数的最大值为______. 答案:12π2由两角和的正弦化简sin 22sin 23y x x x π⎛⎫=+=+ ⎪⎝⎭,平移后由函数为偶函数得到2,32m k k Z πππ+=+∈,由此可求最小正数m 的值;根据化简2cos2y x =,可得此时函数的最大值为2. 解:解:sin 22sin 23y x x x π⎛⎫=+=+ ⎪⎝⎭,其函数图象向左平移m 个单位长度后得到的函数图象的解析式为2sin 2()3y x m π⎡⎤=++=⎢⎥⎣⎦2sin 223x m π⎛⎫++ ⎪⎝⎭,因为其图象关于y 轴对称,所以2,32m k k Z πππ+=+∈,解得,122k Z m k ππ=+∈. 又因为0m >,所以m 的最小值为12π,此时函数2sin 22123y x ππ⎛⎫=+⨯+= ⎪⎝⎭2cos2x ,数的最大值为2.故答案为:(1)12π;(2)2点评:本题考查三角函数的图象和性质,考查了()sin()f x A x ωϕ=+型函数图象的平移,考查了三角函数()sin()f x A x ωϕ=+的奇偶性的性质,是基础题.13.若实数x 、y 满足x >y >0,且log 2x +log 2y =1,则21x y+的最小值是__,22x y x y -+的最大值为__. 答案:214先根据对数的运算性质可得xy =2,再根据基本不等式即可求 解:解:实数x 、y 满足x >y >0,且log 2x +log 2y =1,则xy =2,则21x y +≥=2,当且仅当21x y =,即x =2,y =1时取等号, 故21x y+的最小值是2, ()2222114()2()44x y x y x y x y x y xy x y x y x y---===≤=+-+-+-+-,当且仅当x-y 4x y=-,即x ﹣y =2时取等号 故22x y x y -+的最大值为14,故答案为2,14. 点评:本题考查利用基本不等式求最值,对代数式进行变形与灵活配凑,是解本题的关键,属于中等题.14.若6260126(1)(1)(1)x a a x a x a x =+-+-++-L ,则123456a a a a a a +++++=______,3a =____.答案:6320观察等式右边特点,含有1x -的各次幂,所以先变形,再用赋值法及二项式展开式特定项的通项公式求解. 解:由666016[1(1)](1)(1)x x a a x a x =+-=+-++-L ,令1x =,得01a =,令2x =,得63126036263,20a a a a a C +++=-===L . 故答案为:63;20. 点评:本题主要考查二项式定理的应用,解题的关键是赋值,本题属于基础题. 三、填空题15.由1,1,2,2,3,3,4,4可组成不同的四位数的个数为__________. 答案:204根据所选的数字的情况将此问题可以分为以下三种情况:i )选取的4个数字是1,2,3,4;ii )从四组(1,1),(2,2),(3,3),(4,4)中任取两组;iii )从四组(1,1),(2,2),(3,3),(4,4)中任取一组,再从剩下的3组中的不同的三个数字中任取2个不同的数字,利用排列与组合的计算公式及其乘法原理即可得出. 解:详解:i )选取的四个数字是1,2,3,4,则可组成44A 个不同的四位数;ii )从四组(1,1),(2,2),(3,3),(4,4)中任取两组有24C 种取法,如假设取的是1,1,2,2四个数:得到以下6个四位数:1122,2211,1212,2121,1221,2112.所以此时共有246C 个不同的四位数;iii )从四组(1,1),(2,2),(3,3),(4,4)中任取一组有14C 种取法,再从剩下的三组中的不同的三个数中任取2个不同的数字有23C 种取法,把这两个不同的数字安排到四个数位上共有24A 种方法,而剩下的两个相同数字只有一种方法,由乘法原理可得此时共有12224342C C A C ⋅⋅⋅个不同的四位数;综上可知,用8个数字1,1,2,2,3,3,4,4可以组成不同的四位数个数是4212224443426204A C C C A C +⋅+⋅⋅⋅=,故答案为:204 点评:本题考查了排列与组合的计算公式及其乘法原理、分类讨论等基础知识与基本方法,属于难题.16.正四面体ABCD 的棱长为2,的球O 过点D ,MN 为球O 的一条直径,则AM AN ⋅u u u u v u u u v的最小值是__________.答案:4-很明显当,,,O D M N 四点共面时数量积能取得最值,由题意可知:OD OM ON ==,则MDN △是以点D 为顶点的直角三角形,且:()()()2420,AM AN AD DM AD DN AD AD DM DN DM DN AD DO ⋅=+⋅+=+⋅++⋅=+⋅+u u u u v u u u v u u u v u u u u v u u u v u u u v u u u v u u u v u u u u v u u u v u u u u v u u u v u u u v u u u v当向量,AD DO u u u v u u u v 反向时,AM AN ⋅u u u u r u u u r取得最小值:4224-⨯=-.17.已知,,()a b c R a c +∈>,关于x 的方程2x ax b cx -+=恰有三个不等实根,且函数()f x =2x ax b cx -++的最小值是2c ,则ac=_______. 答案:5由条件可得直线y cx =与2y x ax b =-+-相切,设出切点,求得二次函数的导数,可得a b c ,,的方程,再由函数()f x =2x ax b cx -++的单调性,可得()f x 的最小值,化简变形即可得到a c ,的关系式,可得所求值. 解:关于x 的方程2x ax b cx -+=恰有三个不等实根,可得直线y cx =与2y x ax b =-+-相切,设切点为m n (,),2y x a '=-+, 则22m a c cm m am b -+==--+,,消去m ,可得214b ac (),=-设2y x ax b =-+与x轴的两个交点的横坐标为:12x x ==()f x =2x ax b cx -++, 当1x x =时,()f x 取得最小值是2c ,即有2c c =,可得2242a b a c -=-(),即为2222a a c a c --=-()(), 化为50a c a c ()()--=, 可得5a c =或a c =, 由a c >,可得5a c =, 即5ac=. 故答案为5. 点评:本题考查二次函数的图象和性质,以及导数的概念和应用,考查函数的最值的求法,以及运算能力,属于中档题. 四、解答题18.设函数2()sin 2cos cos 6f x x x x x π⎛⎫=++ ⎪⎝⎭. (1)求函数()f x 的最小正周期和单调递增区间; (2)若||4x π…,求函数()f x 的最大值.答案:(1)最小正周期T π=;单调递增区间是,()36k k k Z ππππ⎡⎤-+∈⎢⎥⎣⎦(2)52(1)利用三角恒等变换,将函数化简为1()2sin(2)62f x x π=++,然后利用整体代换的方式,求得函数的最小正周期及单调递增区间;(2)利用整体代换,结合正弦函数的性质,求解函数在给定区间的最大值. 解:解:(1)11cos2()2cos2222x f x x x x +=+++Q 12cos22x x =++12sin(2)62x π=++,∴函数()f x 的最小正周期T π=,由222()262k x k k Z πππππ-++∈剟,得()36k x k k Z ππππ-+∈剟,∴函数()f x 的单调递增区间是[,]()36k k k Z ππππ-+∈.(2)||4x πQ …,22363x πππ∴-+剟, 3sin(2)16x π∴-+剟, ∴函数()f x 的最大值为52. 点评:本题考查三角恒等变换在三角函数图象和性质中的应用.(1)利用三角恒等变换及辅助角公式把三角函数关系式化成sin()A x k w j ++或cos()A x k w j ++的形式;(2)根据自变量的范围确定x ωϕ+的范围,根据相应的正弦曲线或余弦曲线求值域或最值.19.如图,在三棱锥A BCD -中,BCD V 是正三角形,E 为其中心.面ABC ⊥面BCD ,30ACB ∠=o,2AB BC ==,M 是BD 的中点,2AN NM =u u u r u u u u r.(1)证明://EN 面ABC ;(2)求BC 与面ANE 所成角的正弦值. 答案:(1)证明见解析;(2)77(1)连接CM ,由重心的性质可得在AMC V 中有AN CENM EM=,则//EN AC ,结合线面平行的判定定理可得//EN 平面ABC ;(2)解法一:作AF BC ⊥交CB 的延长线于F ,作//FH BM 交CM 的延长线于H ,由题意可得FCG ∠为BC 与面ANE 所成角,7sin FG FCG FC ∠==; 解法二:以BC 中点为原点,建立空间直角坐标系.可得()2,0,0CB =u u u r,面ANE 的法向量为()1,3,3n =-r ,则所求角的正弦值7sin cos<,>7n CB θ==r u u u r .解:(1)连接CM ,因为E 是正三角形BCD V 的中心,所以E 在CM 上且2CE EM =,又2AN NM =u u u r u u u u r ,所以在AMC V 中有AN CENM EM=, 所以//EN AC ,又EN ⊄平面ABC ,AC ⊂平面ABC ,所以//EN 平面ABC ; (2)解法一:作AF BC ⊥交CB 的延长线于F ,作//FH BM 交CM 的延长线于H ,Q 面ABC ⊥面BCD ,面ABC I 面BCD BC =,AF BC ⊥,AF ⊂面ABC ,AF ∴⊥面BCD ,CH ⊂Q 平面BCD ,所以AF CH ⊥,又//FH BM ,所以FH CH ⊥,所以CH ⊥面AFH ,CH ⊂Q 平面ACH ,所以,面ACH ⊥面AFH , 作FG AH ⊥,则FG ⊥面ACH ,连接CG ,则FCG ∠为BC 与面ANE 所成的角, ∴7sin FG FCG FC ∠==,即BC 与面ANE 所成角的正弦值为7; 解法二:以BC 中点为原点,建立如图所示的空间直角坐标系.2AB BC ==Q ,30ACB ∠=o ,(A ∴,()1,0,0B ,()1,0,0C -,()0,D,1,2M ⎛⎫∴ ⎪⎝⎭,(CA =u u u r,3,2CM ⎛⎫= ⎪ ⎪⎝⎭u u u u r ,()2,0,0CB =u u ur .设面ANE 的法向量为(),,n x y z =r ,则00n CA n CM ⎧⋅=⎨⋅=⎩u u u v v u u u u v v,即303022x x y ⎧=⎪⎨-=⎪⎩,取(n =r,sin cos<,>n CB n CB n CBθ⋅∴===⋅r u u u r r u u u r r u u u r ,因此,BC 与面ANE. 点评:本题考查线面平行的证明,同时也考查了线面角正弦值的计算,考查推理能力与计算能力,属于中等题.20.已知数列{}n a 中,()110,2*n n a a a n n N +==+∈, (1)令+11n n n b a a =-+,求证:数列{}n b 是等比数列; (2)令3nn n a c =,当n c 取得最大值时,求n 的值. 答案:(I )见解析(2)3,n n c =最大,即3k =(1)由题可得121221n n n n a a n a a n +++=+=++,两式相减,得()211121n n n n a a a a +++-+=-+,即12n n b b +=,求出120b =≠,即可得证;(2)由(1)可知,2n n b =即121n n n a a +-=-,通过累加可得21nn a n =--则213n n n n c --=,而112123n n n n n c c +++--=,令()212nf n n =+-,讨论()()122n f n f n +-=-的符号可得n c 的最大值,进而得到n .解:(1)121221n n n n a a n a a n +++=+=++Q , 两式相减,得211221n n n n a a a a +++-=-+ ∴()211121n n n n a a a a +++-+=-+即:12n n b b +=21120a b ==≠Q 又,∴数列{}n b 是以2为首项,2为公比的等比数列(2)由(1)可知,2n n b =即121nn n a a +-=-2121a a -=-23221a a -=-⋅⋅⋅⋅⋅⋅()11212n n n a a n ---=-≥()211222121n n n a a n n -∴-=++⋅⋅⋅+--=--2,21n n n a n ∴≥=--11,0n a ∴==也满足上式 21n n a n ∴=--111212233n n n n n n n n c c +++----=∴= 11112221212333n n nn n n n n n n n c c ++++----+-∴-=-=令()212nf n n =+-,则()11232n f n n ++=+-,()()122n f n f n ∴+-=-()()()()()()12,234f f f f f f n ∴=>>>⋅⋅⋅> ()()()()1210,310,3,0f f f n f n ==>=-<∴≥<Q123345...c c c c c c ∴>,∴3,n n c =最大,即3k = 点评:本题考查等比关系的证明,以及数列的综合应用,属中档题.21.已知点F 是抛物线22,(0)x py p =>的焦点,点A 是抛物线上的点,且(2,0)AF =u u u v,点,B C 是抛物线上的动点,抛物线在,B C 处的切线交于点D .(1)求抛物线的方程;(2)设直线,AC AB 的斜率分别为12,k k ,若BCD ∆的面积为32,求证:21k k -为定值.答案:(1)24x y =;(2)证明见解析 试题分析:(1)设()00,,0,,2p A x y F ⎛⎫⎪⎝⎭结合()00,2,02p AF x y ⎛⎫=--= ⎪⎝⎭u u u v 可得抛物线的方程为24x y =(2)设()221212,,,,2,144x x B x C x A ⎛⎫⎛⎫- ⎪ ⎪⎝⎭⎝⎭,则过点B 的切线方程为21124x x y x =-,过点C 的切线方程为22224x x y x =-,则BC 中点221212,28x x x x P ⎛⎫++ ⎪⎝⎭,由面积公式121·322BCD S DP x x ∆=-=,得:128x x -=故212124x x k k --==为定值.试题解析:(1)设()()0000,,0,,,2,022p p A x y F AF x y ⎛⎫⎛⎫=--= ⎪ ⎪⎝⎭⎝⎭u u u v ,得02,2x p =-=所以抛物线的方程为24x y =;(2)设()221212,,,,2,144x x B x C x A ⎛⎫⎛⎫- ⎪ ⎪⎝⎭⎝⎭, 过点B 的切线方程为()211142x x y x x -=-,即21124x x y x =-,同理过点C的切线方程为22224x xy x=-,由2 112 22 24 24 x xy xx xy x⎧=-⎪⎪⎨⎪=-⎪⎩得,1212·,24D Dx x x xx y+==,即1212·,24x x x xD+⎛⎫⎪⎝⎭,取BC中点221212,28x x x xP⎛⎫++⎪⎝⎭,322121212121211··32228416BCDx xx x x xS DP x x x x∆-+=-=--==,得:128x x-=,由21121211224,244xx xk kx---===+,212124x xk k--==为定值.点睛:直线与抛物线的位置关系和直线与椭圆、双曲线的位置关系类似,一般要用到根与系数的关系;求定值问题常见的方法有两种:(1)从特殊入手,求出定值,再证明这个值与变量无关.(2)直接推理、计算,并在计算推理的过程中消去变量,从而得到定值.22.已知函数1()(ln1)f x a xx=-+.(1)讨论函数()f x的单调区间;(2)若函数()f x的图象与x轴相切,求证:对于任意的2(1)(0,1],()xm f xmx-∈…. 答案:(1)答案不唯一,具体见解析(2)证明见解析;(1)先对函数进行求导,然后根据实数a的取值情况进行讨论,结合导数的正负,判断求解函数的单调性与单调区间;(2)因为函数()f x 的图象与x 轴相切,由(1)可知,0a >且10f a ⎛⎫=⎪⎝⎭,可求出()f x ,当(0,1],(0,)m x ∈∈+∞时,22(1)(1)x x mx x --…恒成立,为证明对于任意的2(1)(0,1],()x m f x mx -∈„成立,只要证明2(1)()x f x x -„即可,令2(1)()()x g x f x x-=-,然后在利用导数在函数最值中的应用,即可证明()(1)0g x g =„,由此即可证明不等式成立.解:解:(1)函数的定义域是21(0,),()ax f x x'-+∞=, 当0a „时,()0f x '<,()f x ∴在(0,)+∞上单调递减;当0a >时,10,,()0x f x a '⎛⎫∈< ⎪⎝⎭,()f x ∴在10,a ⎛⎫⎪⎝⎭上单调递减;1,,()0x f x a '⎛⎫∈+∞> ⎪⎝⎭,()f x ∴在1,a ⎛⎫+∞ ⎪⎝⎭上单调递增.(2)证明:因为函数()f x 的图象与x 轴相切,设切点为0(,0)x ,0002011()00ax f x x x a'-==∴=> 11ln 10f a a a a ⎛⎫⎛⎫∴=-+= ⎪ ⎪⎝⎭⎝⎭,解得1a =,1()ln 1f x x x∴=-+, 又当(0,1],(0,)m x ∈∈+∞时,22(1)(1)x x mx x --…恒成立, 令2(1)()()ln 1x g x f x x x x-=-=+-,由1()0xg x x'-==,得1x =, (1)g ∴是()g x 的最大值, ()(1)0g x g ∴=…,22(1)(1)()x x f x xmx--∴剟成立. 点评:本题考查导数在研究函数中的应用、导数在不等式中的应用,属于中档题.。
天利38套高三高考能力提升卷(五)一、单项选择题:本题共8小题,每小题3分,共24分,在每小题给出的答案中,只有一个符合题目要求。
(共8题)第(1)题如图甲、乙所示为自行车气嘴灯,气嘴灯由接触式开关控制,其结构如图丙所示,弹簧一端固定在顶部,另一端与小物块P连接,当车轮转动的角速度达到一定值时,P拉伸弹簧后使触点A、B接触,从而接通电路使气嘴灯发光。
触点B与车轮圆心距离为R,车轮静止且气嘴灯在最低点时触点A、B距离为d,已知P与触点A的总质量为m,弹簧劲度系数为k,重力加速度大小为g,不计接触式开关中的一切摩擦,小物块P和触点A、B均视为质点。
当该自行车在平直的道路上行驶时,下列说法中正确的是( )A.要使气嘴灯能发光,车轮匀速转动的最小角速度为B.要使气嘴灯能发光,车轮匀速转动的最小角速度为C.要使气嘴灯一直发光,车轮匀速转动的最小角速度为D.要使气嘴灯一直发光,车轮匀速转动的最小角速度为第(2)题如图1所示,为定值电阻,虚线框的四个结点之间接有四个理想二极管,两金属圆环固定在同一绝缘平面内,外环与电路连接,内环存在一个小缺口,电路左端连接在一周期为的正弦交流电源上.由于外环中的电流变化,内环中a、b两点间会产生电势差,规定a端电势高于b端时,a、b间的电压为正,若随t变化的图像如图2所示,则四个结点间二极管的可能接法是()A.B.C.D.第(3)题2023年6月10日,四川省文物考古研究院对外公布:三星堆遗址祭祀区再现两件跨坑拼对成功的大型青铜器。
利用衰变的测年技术可进行考古研究,衰变方程为,已知的半衰期为5730年,下列说法正确的是()A.来源于核外电子B.全球变暖会导致半衰期变短C.该核反应吸收能量D.的比结合能小于的比结合能第(4)题如图所示,在一段封闭的光滑细玻璃管中注满水,水中放一个由蜡做成的小圆柱体 R,R从坐标原点以速度v0=0.01m/s匀速上浮的同时,玻璃管沿x轴正向做初速度为零的匀加速直线运动,测出某时刻R的x、y坐标值分别为 0.04m 和 0.02m,则( )A.此时刻速度大小为 0.04 m/sB.玻璃管的加速度大小为C.此时刻速度方向与x轴正方向成角D.蜡块运动的轨迹是一条斜率逐渐减小的曲线第(5)题在排球运动中,下列说法正确的是( )A.扣球时运动员对排球的作用力大于排球对运动员的作用力B.在研究排球扣球动作时能将球视作质点C.排球在空中运动时受到重力、空气作用力和运动员手臂的弹力D.排球在飞行和击球时惯性不变第(6)题下列四组单位中,单位对应的物理量均为矢量的一组是( )A.特斯拉、牛顿B.法拉、库仑C.韦伯、赫兹D.亨利、开尔文第(7)题如图所示,一理想自耦变压器线圈AB绕在一个圆环形闭合铁芯上,左端输入正弦交流电压,、为相同的灯泡,其电阻均为且恒定不变,定值电阻的阻值为灯泡阻值的。
天利38套高三高考能力提升卷(五)一、单项选择题:本题共8小题,每小题3分,共24分,在每小题给出的答案中,只有一个符合题目要求。
(共8题)第(1)题如图是运动员在某次水平掷出的铅球的运动轨迹。
A、B、C为铅球运动轨迹上的三点,BD为轨迹上B点的切线。
将铅球视为质点,不考虑空气阻力,则铅球( )A.在A、C两点的加速度相同B.在B点的速度方向沿AB连线方向C.在B点的加速度沿BD方向D.在B点的速度方向在连线BC和BD之间第(2)题图示为一个玩具陀螺。
a、b和c是陀螺上的三个点。
当陀螺绕垂直于地面的轴线以角速度ω稳定旋转时,下列表述正确的是( )A.a、b和c三点的线速度大小相等B.a、b和c三点的角速度相等C.a、b的角速度比c的大D.c的线速度比a、b的大第(3)题太空行走又称为出舱活动。
狭义的太空行走即指航天员离开载人航天器乘员舱进入太空的出舱活动。
我国航天员已经实现了多次太空行走。
关于太空行走,下列说法正确的是( )A.航天员在太空行走时所受合外力为零B.航天员在太空行走时处于完全失重状态C.航天员在太空行走时可模仿游泳向后划着前进D.若航天员在太空行走时与连接航天器的安全绳脱离,航天员会立刻高速飞离航天器第(4)题下列关于热现象的描述,正确的是( )A.水黾能浮在水面上是因为它受到了水的浮力B.随着科学技术的进步,人们可以将热机的效率提高到100%C.新型材料石墨烯属于液晶,具有光学的各向异性D.两端开口的细玻璃管竖直插入水银中,稳定后管内的水银面低于管外第(5)题如图所示,汽车在岸上用轻绳拉船,若汽车行进速度为v,当拉船的绳与水平方向的夹角为30°时船的速度为( )A.B.C.D.第(6)题如图所示,铝管竖直立于水平桌面上,小磁体从铝管正上方由静止开始下落,在磁体穿过铝管的过程中,磁体不与管壁接触且无翻转,下列说法正确的是( )A.铝管中产生水平方向的感应电流B.铝管中产生竖直方向的感应电流C.铝管对桌面的压力等于它的重力D.铝管对桌面的压力小于它的重力第(7)题如图是无人机正在喷洒农药的场景,则无人机(含箱内农药)( )A.悬停时重力与浮力平衡B.向下运动时处于失重状态C.喷洒过程中惯性不变D.沿曲线轨迹运动时的加速度一定不为零第(8)题如图所示,理想变压器输入电压保持不变。
2021届高三学科素养提升英语试卷(一)PDF版含解析全国通用★绝密启用前2021届新高考高三年级学科素养提升试卷(一)英语注意事项:1.答卷前,考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。
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第一部分听力(共两节,满分30分)第二部分阅读理解(共两节,满分40分)第一节(共15小题;每小题2分,满分30分)阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中,选出最佳选项。
ASince it first opened after four years of construction in 1937 at a cost of $27 million,the Golden Gate Bridge has made its appearance in films and poetry.CNN Travel spent a day climbing into and ground the bridge,learning these secrets from the people who know and love it best.Why is it called the Gold en Gate Bridge?It’s not golden.“The Golden Gate Bridge ge ts its name because it spans what is called the Golden Gate Strait,”said Paolo Cosulich-Schwartz,spokesman for the Golden Gate Bridge,Highway and Transportation District,which operates the bridge. It’s a three-mile-long and one-mile-wide body of water that connects the Pacific Ocean to the San Francisco Bay.What color1 is the bridge?It looks red.“It’s not red,althou gh you’re not crazy to think so. Visitors all call it red,”said Russell. “Back in the day,the US Navy,then part of the War Department,oversaw the waterways and wanted to paint this bridge black and yellow for high visibility,”said fellow painter Jarrod Bauer. “They ended up mixing paint to create the color1 International Orange,which is similar to the color1 of red lead,”he said.Does the bridge get entirely painted every year?No,and it doesn’t need to be It’s true that the top coat has been fully repaint ed over time with new and environmentally-improved International Orange top coats.Who performs bridge rescues?McVeigh and his fellow ironworkers,the so—called“Cowboys of the Sky”,have that responsibility. McVeigh has lost count of how many troubled soul s he’s been called to rescue over the past 17 years.In September in 2018,the bridge started constructing a suicide(自杀)prevention system,also known as the safety net,to keep people from jumping of f the Golden Gate Bridge. It’s expected to be completed in 2021.21. What’s the true color of the Golden Gate Bridge?A. Red.B. Red lead.C. Black and yellow.D. International Orange.22. Who can probably be called a hero on the Golden Gate Bridge?A. McVeigh.B. Jarrod Bauer.C. Russell.D. Paolo.23. What can we know about the Golden Gate Bridge?A. It is safer now because of the safety net.B. It got its name because of its color1 .C. It took much time and money to be built.D. It needs to be repainted once a year.BThe great recession may be over,but this era of high joblessness is probably beginning.Before it ends,it will likely change the life course and character of a generation of young adults.And eventually,it is likely to reshape our politics,our culture,and the character of our society for years.No one tries harder than the jobless to find silver linings in this national economic disaster. Many said that unemployment, while extremely painful, had improved them in some ways: they had become less materialistic and more financially prudent(节俭的); they were more aware of the struggles of others. In limited respects, perhaps the recession will leave society better off. At the very least, it has awoken us from our national fever dream of easy riches and bigger houses, and put a necessary end to an era of reckless(鲁莽的) personal spending.But for the most part,these benefits seem thin,uncertain,and far off.In The Moral Consequences of Economic Growth,the economic historian Benjamin Friedman argues that both inside and outside the U.S.,lengthy periods of高三年级英语试题一economic stagnation or decline have almost always left society more mean-spirited and less inclusive,and have usually stopped or reversed the advance of rights and freedoms.Anti-immigrant sentiment typically increases,as does conflict between races and classes.Income inequality usually falls during a recession, but it has not shrunk in this one. Indeed,this period of economic weakness may reinforce class divides, and decrease opportunities to cross them-especially for young people. The research of Till Von Wachter, the economic at Columbia University, suggests that not all people graduating into a recession see their life chances dimmed: those with degrees from elite(精英) universities catch up fairly quickly to where they otherwise would have been if they had graduated in better times;it is the masses beneath them that are left behind.In the Internet age, it is particularly easy to see the resentment that has always been hidden within American society. More difficult, in the moment, is discerning precisely how these lean times are affecting society's character. In many respects, the U.S. was more socially tolerant entering this recession than at any time in its history, and a variety of national polls on social conflict since then have shown mixed results. We will have to wait and see exactly how these hard times will reshape our social fabric(组织). But they certainly will reshape it,and all the more so the longer they extend.24. By saying "to find silver linings" (Para.2) the author suggests that the jobless try to_____.A. seek help from the governmentB. explore reasons for the unemploymentC. make profits from the troubled economyD. look on the bright side of the recession25. Benjamin Friedman believes that economic recessions may_A. impose a heavy burden on immigrantsB. bring out more evils of human natureC. promote the advance of rights and freedomsD. ease conflicts between races and classes26. The research of Till Von Wachter suggests that in the recession graduates from elite universities tend to ____A. lag behind the others due to decreased opportunitiesB. catch up quickly with experienced employeesC. see their life chances as dimmed as the othersD. recover more quickly than the others27. The author thinks that the influence of hard times on society is____A. certainB. positiveC. unimportantD. destructiveCA study shows that the more eco-conscious way to shop is going to a physical store rather than by making purchases online from companies that don't have physical stores. Researchers estimated that shopping at physical stores for frequently bought items such as toilet paper, shampoo and toothpaste, often results in less greenhouse gas emissions than ordering the products from a company that only sells through the Internet.The main reason is because of how people shop online:Many buy items online frequently —but they only buy a few items per purchase. Frequent online purchases produce more packaging waste, and online items tend to come from different distribution centers. Both factors result in higher greenhouse gas emissions per item.The team modeled their research on the movement of goods from the factory all the way through to the end consumer. They analyzed the carbon footprint of the "last mile delivery" for the three most popular types of shopping channels in the United Kingdom — physical stores, "brick & clicks" (when people order online and a physical store delivers the items to them) , and "pure players” (strictly online selle rs). Included in the three models were greenhouse gas emissions estimates from the number of products bought, transportation, warehouse storage , delivery and packaging activities.The analysis showed that total greenhouse gas footprints per item purchased were higher from physical stores than those from bricks & clicks purchases in 63% of the shopping events but lower than those of pure players in 81 % of shopping events in the United Kingdom. In the United States, greenhouse gas emissions from shopping at physical stores were also estimated to be higher than from the brick & click channel, and lower than the pure play channel, on average.This pattern holds true in countries where people mostly drive. It really depends on the country and consumer behavior there.28. What is the function of the first paragraph?A. To persuade the readers.B. To show the research conclusion.C. To compare two shopping ways.D. To state the reason for this study.29. Which is one of the disadvantages of frequent online shopping?高三年级英语试题一A. It is not convenient.B. It is a waste of money.C. It causes packaging waste.D. It results in air pollution.30. How is this research conducted?A. By making comparison.B. By doing experiments.C. By giving an explanation.D. By making a survey.31. Which way of shopping might the author advocate?A. Shopping by car.B. Buying in physical stores.C. Dealing with “pure players".D. Purchasing from "brick & click.DIn general, the ancient Romans were a practical people. They cared less about philosophy and pure mathematics than did the Greeks. The Romans were the best of the ancient engineers and architects. They were brilliant students of Greek geometry and trigonometry, and they applied their knowledge to the construction of fine bridges, roads, and public buildings.They knew about the smelting of iron ore, but they used the iron they produced mainly for spears, swords, and shields, rather than for building construction.While the Romans accomplished practical wonders, they did very little theoretical scientific thinking. Because of their frequent wars, many of their inventions were no more than improvements in the design of Greek weapons with which they were familiar.There are two reasons for the Roman neglect of philosophy and pure mathematics. First, they were apparently too busy conquering nearby nations and forming them into a rapidlygrowing empire to waste much time on abstract thinking. Secondly, they were handicapped by the rigidity of their numerical system. (Try to multiply XI by LVII or to divide CXLIII by IX; it simply cannot be done with pencil and paper.) The Romans did all of their arithmetic on an abacus, the ancient counterpart of the modem computing machine. Their number system discouraged the study of pure mathematics.32. The author calls the Romans “practical" because they________.A. they didn't care about philosophyB. they just learned from Greek geometryC. they applied what they learned to constructionD. they thought little of theoretical scientific thinking33. According to the passage, the Romans excelled in________.A. smelting iron ore B. engineering and architectureC. improving Greek weaponsD. producing spears, swords, and shields34. The un derlined word “counterpart" in the last paragraph means ________.A. equivalentB. calculatorC. appearanceD. partner35. The passage mainly talks about ________.A. why Romans ignored mathematicsB. Romans' discouraging number systemC. how Romans accomplished practical wondersD. Romans who neglected theoretical thought第二节(共5小题;每小题2分,满分10分)根据短文内容,从短文后的选项中选出能填人空白处的最佳选项。
一、基础知识(每题2分,共20分)1. 下列词语中,字形、字音完全正确的一项是()A. 谦逊(xùn)惊愕(è)窃窃私语(qiè)B. 窥视(kuī)纷至沓来(tà)风驰电掣(chè)C. 恪守(kè)雕梁画栋(liáng)恣意妄为(zì)D. 纠结(jiū)狂澜既倒(jì)雕虫小技(cháo)2. 下列句子中,没有语病的一项是()A. 为了提高学生的写作能力,学校决定举办作文比赛。
B. 他的讲话引起了大家的共鸣,激发了我们的爱国热情。
C. 随着科技的进步,我国在航天、高铁等领域取得了举世瞩目的成就。
D. 研究表明,长期熬夜对身体健康有害,我们应该养成良好的作息习惯。
3. 下列各句中,句式变换正确的一项是()原句:我国已成为世界第二大经济体。
A. 改为疑问句:我国难道不是世界第二大经济体吗?B. 改为否定句:我国不是世界第二大经济体。
C. 改为反问句:我国难道是世界第二大经济体吗?D. 改为感叹句:我国真是世界第二大经济体啊!4. 下列各句中,修辞手法使用正确的一项是()A. 那高大的白杨树,像一把绿色的巨伞,为行人遮风挡雨。
B. 那美丽的景色,仿佛一幅画卷,让人陶醉其中。
C. 那茂密的树林,像一位慈祥的老人,默默地守护着这片土地。
D. 那远处的山峦,像一条巨龙,蜿蜒盘旋在天地之间。
5. 下列各句中,标点符号使用正确的一项是()A. “这个小镇,风景如画,空气清新,是个旅游的好去处。
”B. “我问他:‘你去哪儿?’他说:‘我去图书馆。
’”C. “我国有句古话:‘不经历风雨,怎能见彩虹?’”D. “他拿起笔,在纸上写下了一行字:‘加油,你是最棒的!’”二、阅读理解(每题5分,共25分)阅读下面的文章,回答问题。
文章最近,我国一所大学的学生小王在网络上发表了一篇名为《我的大学之路》的文章,讲述了他从高中到大学的学习历程。
一、选择题1.某牛奶生产线上每隔30分钟抽取一袋进行检验,该抽样方法记为①;从某中学的30名数学爱好者中抽取3人了解学业负担情况,该抽样方法记为②.那么( )A.①是系统抽样,②是简单随机抽样B.①是简单随机抽样,②是简单随机抽样C.①是简单随机抽样,②是系统抽样D.①是系统抽样,②是系统抽样2.(四川高考)交通管理部门为了解机动车驾驶员(简称驾驶员)对某新法规的知晓情况,对甲、乙、丙、丁四个社区做分层抽样调查.假设四个社区驾驶员的总人数为N,其中甲社区有驾驶员96人.若在甲、乙、丙、丁四个社区抽取驾驶员的人数分别为12,21,25,43,则这四个社区驾驶员的总人数N为( )A.101 B.808 C.1 212 D.2 0123.(湖南高考)某工厂甲、乙、丙三个车间生产了同一种产品,数量分别为120件,80件,60件.为了解它们的产品质量是否存在显著差异,用分层抽样方法抽取了一个容量为n的样本进行调查,其中从丙车间的产品中抽取了3件,则n=( )A.9 B.10 C.12 D.134.下列抽样中不是系统抽样的是( )A.从标有1~15号的15个球中,任选3个作为样本.将15个球按从小号到大号排序,随机选i0号作为起始号码,以后选i0+5,i0+10(超过15则从1再数起)号入样B.工厂生产的产品,在用传送带将产品送入包装车间前,检验人员从传送带上每隔五分钟抽取一件产品进行检验C.进行某一市场调查时,规定在商场门口随机抽取一个人进行询问调查,直到调查到事先规定的调查人数为止D.在报告厅对与会听众进行调查,通知每排(每排人数相等)座位号为14的听众留下来座谈5.某学校有职工140人,其中教师91人,教辅行政人员28人,总务后勤人员21人.为了了解职工的某种情况,要从中抽取一个容量为20的样本.以下的抽样方法中,依次为简单随机抽样、系统抽样、分层抽样顺序的是( )方法1:将140人从1~140编号,然后制作出编号1~140的形状、大小相同的号签,并将号签放入同一箱子里均匀搅拌,然后从中依次抽取20个号签,编号与号签相同的20个人被选出;方法2:将140人分成20组,每组7人,并将每组7人按1~7编号,在第一组采用抽签法抽出k 号(1≤k ≤7),其余各组k 号也被抽出,20个人被选出;方法3:按20∶140=1∶7的比例,从教师中抽出13人,从教辅行政人员中抽出4人,从总务后勤人员中抽出3人.从各类人员中抽取所需人员时,均采用随机数法,可抽到20人.A .方法2,方法1,方法3B .方法2,方法3,方法1C .方法1,方法2,方法3D .方法3,方法1,方法2二、填空题6.(浙江高考)某个年级有男生560人,女生420人,用分层抽样的方法从该年级全体学生中抽取一个容量为280的样本,则此样本中男生人数为________.7.某学校高一、高二、高三三个年级共有学生3 500人,其中高三学生数是高一学生数的两倍,高二学生数比高一学生数多300人,现在按1100的抽样比用分层抽样的方法抽取样本,则应抽取高一学生数为________.8.一个总体中有100个个体,随机编号为0、1、2、…、99,依编号顺序平均分成10个小组,组号依次为1、2、3、…、10.现用系统抽样方法抽取一个容量为10的样本,规定如果在第1组随机抽取的号码为m ,那么在第k 组中抽取的号码个位数字与m +k 的个位数字相同.若m =6,则在第7组中抽取的号码是________.三、解答题9.为了调查某路口一个月的车流量情况,交警采用系统抽样的方法,样本距为7,从每周中随机抽取一天,他正好抽取的是星期日,经过调查后做出报告.你认为交警这样的抽样方法有什么问题?应当怎样改进?如果是调查一年的车流量情况呢?10.某单位最近组织了一次健身活动,活动分为登山组和游泳组,且每个职工至多参加其中一组.在参加活动的职工中,青年人占42.5%,中年人占47.5%,老年人占10%.登山组的职工占参加活动总人数的14,且该组中,青年人占50%,中年人占40%,老年人占10%.为了了解各组不同的年龄层的职工对本次活动的满意程度,现用分层抽样的方法从参加活动的全体职工中抽取容量为200的样本.试求:(1)游泳组中,青年人、中年人、老年人分别所占的比例;(2)游泳组中,青年人、中年人、老年人分别应抽取的人数.答 案1. 解析:选A 对于①,因为每隔30分钟抽取一袋,是等间距抽样,故①为系统抽样;对于②,总体数量少,样本容量也小,故②为简单随机抽样.2. 解析:选B 依题意得知,甲社区驾驶员的人数占总人数的1212+21+25+43=12101,因此有96N =12101,解得N =808. 3. 解析:选D 由分层抽样可得,360=n 260,解得n =13. 4. 解析:选C 分析各选项中抽样的特点,与系统抽样的概念、特点进行比较.A 、D 显然是系统抽样.B 项中,传送带的速度是恒定的,实际上是将某一段时间内生产的产品分成一组,且可以认为这些产品已经排好,又总在某一位置抽取样品,这正好符合系统抽样的概念.选项C 因事先不知道总体的个数,而且抽样时不能保证每个个体等可能入样,因此它不是系统抽样.5. 解析:选C 结合简单随机抽样、系统抽样、分层抽样的定义判断.6. 解析:由分层抽样得,此样本中男生人数为560×280560+420=160. 答案:1607. 解析:若设高三学生数为x ,则高一学生数为x 2,高二学生数为x 2+300,所以有x +x 2+x 2+300=3 500,解得x =1 600.故高一学生数为800,因此应抽取高一学生数为800100=8. 答案:88. 解析:第k 组的号码为(k -1)10,(k -1)10+1,…,(k -1)·10+9,当m =6、k =7时,第k 组抽取的号码m +k 的个位数字为3,所以(7-1)×10+3=63.答案:639. 解:交警所统计的数据以及由此所推断出来的结论,只能代表星期日的交通流量.由于星期日是休息时间,很多人不上班,不能代表其他几天的情况.改进方法可以将所要调查的时间段的每一天先随机地编号,再用系统抽样方法来抽样,或者使用简单随机抽样来抽样亦可.如果是调查一年的交通流量,使用简单随机抽样法显然已不合适,比较简单可行的方法是把样本距改为8.10. 解:(1)设登山组人数为x ,游泳组中,青年人、中年人、老年人各占比例分别为a ,b ,c ,则有x ·40%+3xb 4x =47.5%,x ·10%+3xc 4x=10%. 解得b =50%,c =10%.故a =1-50%-10%=40%.即游泳组中,青年人、中年人、老年人各占比例分别为40%、50%、10%.(2)游泳组中,抽取的青年人人数为200×34×40%=60; 抽取的中年人人数为200×34×50%=75; 抽取的老年人人数为200×34×10%=15.。
天利38套高三高考能力提升卷(六)一、单选题 (共7题)第(1)题如图甲所示,金属导轨abc和deO水平放置,bc段是以O为圆心的圆弧。
ad之间连接电阻为R的灯泡,abed构成边长为l的正方形,。
t=0时刻,导体棒绕O沿圆弧由b向c匀速转动,角速度为,转动时间为。
已知在扇形Obc区域内分布着方向垂直纸面向外、大小恒为的匀强磁场;abed区域内匀强磁场B随时间变化如图乙所示,其方向垂直纸面向里。
不计其它的电阻。
下列说法正确的是( )A.在时间内灯泡中电流方向由a→dB.在时间内灯泡两端电压为C.在时间内abed区域中的磁通量均匀减小D.若时间内灯泡中无电流,则图乙中B的变化率为第(2)题核电作为清洁低碳、安全高效、稳定且可大规模发展的绿色低碳能源,在推动绿色发展和助力“双碳”目标实现方面发挥着重要的作用。
据统计,一座百万千瓦电功率的核电厂和燃煤电厂相比,每年可以减少二氧化碳排放600多万吨,可见核能是减排效应较大的能源之一。
下列关于核反应的说法正确的是()A.重核裂变过程中能释放能量而轻核聚变过程中只吸收能量B.核反应堆中发生的核裂变方程为C.核裂变产生的一个原子核中有56个质子,88个中子D.的半衰期为7亿年,100个原子核经过7亿年还有50个没发生衰变第(3)题如图所示,实线为两个固定的等量正点电荷电场中的等势面,虚线abc为一带电粒子仅在静电力作用下的运动轨迹,其中b点是两点电荷连线的中点。
下列说法正确的是( )A.该粒子可能带正电B.该粒子经过a、c两点时的速度大小相等C.a、b、c三点的电场强度大小D.该粒子在b点的电势能大于在a点的电势能第(4)题如图1所示,倾角为的斜面固定在水平地面上,一质量为m的小物块从斜面顶端由静止释放,取地面为零势能面,物块的机械能E与其距地面的高度h的关系如图2所示,已知重力加速度为g,图2中直线的斜率,则物块与斜面之间的动摩擦因数为()A.B.C.D.第(5)题2024年4月20日,我国首次利用核电商用堆批量生产碳14同位素,这标志着将彻底破解国内碳14同位素依赖进口的难题,实现碳14供应全面国产化。
天利38套高三高考能力提升卷(四)一、单项选择题:本题共8小题,每小题3分,共24分,在每小题给出的答案中,只有一个符合题目要求。
(共8题)第(1)题空玻璃瓶密封后放入冰箱。
与放入冰箱前相比,瓶内的气体()A.所有分子的运动速率都变小B.分子的平均动能变小C.压强变大D.分子对玻璃瓶内壁的平均作用力变大第(2)题如图所示,质量为1kg的物块静止在固定斜面上,第一次用大小为2.5N、方向沿斜面向下的推力推物块,物块沿斜面匀速下滑;第二次用大小为12.5N、方向沿斜面向上的拉力拉物块,物块沿斜面匀速上滑。
取重力加速度大小。
物块与斜面间的动摩擦因数为( )A.0.2B.0.5C.D.第(3)题一质点在连续的6s内做匀加速直线运动,在第一个2s内位移为12m,最后一个2s内位移为36m,下面说法正确的是()A.质点的加速度大小是B.质点的加速度大小是C.质点第2s末的速度大小是12m/s D.质点在第1s内的位移大小是6m第(4)题如图甲所示,倾角为的传送带以恒定速率逆时针运行,现将一包裹轻轻放在最上端的A点,包裹从A点运动到最下端B点的过程中,加速度随位移的变化图像如图乙所示(重力加速度取),则下列说法正确的是( )A.传送带与水平面的夹角为B.包裹与传送带间的动摩擦因数为0.4C.传送带运行的速度大小为D.包裹到B点时的速度为第(5)题在水下同一深度有两个不同颜色的点光源P、Q,在水面上P的出色光的区域大于Q光出射光的区域,以下说法正确的是( )A.P光的频率大于Q光的频率B.P光在水中的传播速度小于Q光在水中的传播速度C.P光恰能使某金属发生光电效应,则Q光也一定能使该金属发生光电效应D.用P和Q发出的光分别照射同一双缝干涉装置,P光条纹间距离小于Q光条纹间距第(6)题如图,轻弹簧的下端固定在水平桌面上,上端放有物块P,系统处于静止状态,现用一竖直向上的力F作用在P上,使其向上做匀加速直线运动,以x表示P离开静止位置的位移,在弹簧恢复原长前,下列表示F和x之间关系的图像可能正确的是( )A.B.C.D.第(7)题下列能量条形图表示了一作自由落体运动的物体在释放处和下落至一半高度处,其动能和重力势能的相对大小关系,可能正确的是()A.B.C.D.第(8)题如图所示,绷紧的传送带与水平面所成的角为37°,在电动机的带动下,传送带以2m/s的恒定速率顺时针运行,现将一质量为20kg的货物(可视为质点)轻轻放在传送带底端,货物被传送到h=3m的高处,货物与传送带间的动摩擦因数为μ=0.8,sin37°=0.6,cos37°=0.8,重力加速度g取10m/s2,下列说法正确的是( )A.货物先受到滑动摩擦力作用,后受到静摩擦力作用B.货物在传送带上运动的时间为6sC.货物的机械能增加了1280JD.货物与传送带间由于摩擦产生的热量为640J二、多项选择题:本题共4小题,每小题4分,共16分。
录音原文 :英语听力模拟试题(十九)Text 1M:I think I’ ll have ice cream for dessert. What would you like to have?W:The chocolate cake looks delicious to me. But I want to lose weight.Text 2W: Do you have any plans for this weekend, John?M: I ’ m actually supposed to go out of town with my parents. It’ s my dad’ s birthda invited my sister and I to go skiing with them.W:Oh, that sounds nice! I was going to ask you if you wanted to go to the movies with me.M:How about next weekend?Text 3M: Josie, would you mind helping me paint my bedroom tomorrow? My brother was going to help me, but he broke his arm yesterday. I will make you lunch... what do you say?W: Of course I will help you, Oliver. I am sorry to hear about your brother’ s arm feels better soon.Text 4M: How do you figure out the fare?W: Well, the first five kilometers are $5, and every extra kilometer costs you $3.Text 5W: Do you have any experience doing this kind of work, Mr. Jacobs?M: I ’ m afraid I don’ t, madam, but I’n interestedvealways inbeethis type of work. And I havea lot of other experience, as you can see from my r sumé.éText 6M: Hello, madam. What can I do for you?W:My feet hurt. I think I need some new shoes.M:What size do you wear?W:The last time I bought new shoes was about a year ago, and at that time, I was a 7.M:Well, once you get to be in your twenties, your feet stop growing, so you are probably stilla 7. But let’ s measure them just in case.W: OK⋯ so, what does it say?M: Well, it looks like you8. ’Norewoander your feet have been hurting you. You’ ve bee wearing shoes that are one size too small!Text 7W: Whew! Thanks for stopping. Sometimes it can be impossible to get a cab in the rain.M: No worries. Where to?W: I ’ m going to Fifth Avenue and East 22nd Street. No rush at all, though.M: Well, that’ s good because it looks like we’ re not going to be able to move more than a f feet per minute!W: Well, that’ s what happens when it starts to rain during rush hour. I’ m one ofearly!M: That ’ s great, madam. I ’ ll try to get you home as early as possible.Text 8W: OK, that’ s a cut! Let’ s take it from the top, everyone.M: What was the problem that time?W: The feeling was all wrong, Mike. She is telling you that she doesn ’want to see you anymore, but I want to get more anger from you. You’ re acting hurt and sad, but that how your character would act in this situation.M:But Jason and Laura have been together for three years. Don’ tyou think his reaction would be one of both anger and sadness?W: At this point, no. I think he would react the way most guys would, and then later on, we would see his real feelings.M: I ’ m not so sure about that.W: Let ’ s try it my way, and you can see how you feel when you’ re saying your lines. Aft that, if it still doesn’ t feel right, we can go back to the drawing board.Text 9W: Hey, welcome to Berlin! It’ s great to see you again.M: Yeah, good to see you too! Have you been waiting here at the station long?W: Only fifteen minutes. But let’ s get out of this cold and go to my apartment! How are you feeling after that long bus ride?M: Ah, it wasn’ t too bad. It was only nineteen hours.W: That ’ s crazy! You couldve flown’here from London for 60 euros, and it would only have taken an hour and a half. Was it really worth all that time, just to save a bit of money?M:Well, it was a pretty uncomfortable ride, to be honest. The bus was starting to smell toward the end of it, and there was a guy next to me who was breathing really loudly while he wassleeping. But the reason I took the bus was because it ’mores environmentally friendly thanflying.W:I think it’ s great you want to help the environment. But you lookexhaustedso right now. I just think you should be a little more careful with your health.M: Well, I wasn’ t expecting the bus to be so unpleasant. But you. Next time I’visitre right you, I’ ll probably fly.Text 10Welcome back to Modern Parenting . We ’ vealready talked about being open and honestwith your kids, but there is one thing that all good parents do, and it simple: ’ s surprisingl read to your kids. Studies show that children are better prepared for school and tend to getbetter grades later on if their parents make a habit of reading to them from a young age. Onestudy from Harvard University found that the number of books in the home was the singlebiggest factor related to success in school, more than the education or income of the parents!Reading is fun, and it can be an important part of relaxing at bedtime. Best of all, it givesparents an opportunity to communicate with their children and teach them about the world.It ’ s never too early to start reading to your children. Many parents buy boo ks for their kidslong before they can talk, and some even start reading to their children before they are born!Trips to the library or the bookstore can be fun activities for young families to do together. Soparents, if you ’ re wondering what to do yourwith kids tonight, remember: all you need is agood book! That ’ s allModernfor Parenting . This is Lesley, on 105.7 FM, saying good night.英语听力模拟试题(三十八)Text 1W:You ’ve been coming back late from lunch recently. Do you do your shopping then? M:No, I spend most of my lunch hour at the library, but it is so quiet there that I often fall asleep.Text 2W: The flowers were lovely, weren And’t Ithey?liked the music, too.M:Next time, I will choose a different place to eat. It hurts me to pay so much for so little food.Text 3W: Whoa, watch out! You almost knocked me down!M: Oh, I ’m so sorry! I have to get to the hospital. My friend apologies again!W: Well, I suppose that’ s⋯wait a minute... my wallet! It thief! is having an operation. My’ s gone! Hey, come back heText 4W: What ’ s that game you ’ re playing?M:It ’calleds “ Wordswith Friends .”I’ mplaying against someone named Samantha from New York.W: Oh, I thought you were playing against a friend.Text 5W: So, what do I have to do to win a prize?M:You just have to guess my weight within 5 pounds above or below. So, if I weigh 150 pounds, you could win if you guess anywhere between 145 and 155.W: I think you are 260 pounds.M: Hey, lady! You don’ t have to be mean!Text 6W: Excuse me, but do you have this shirt in blue?M: Yes, we do. But only in small, large, and extra large.W: Oh, darn. I was hoping to have it in a medium size. It would really go well with my bag.M:Well, we may be getting more in next week. Would you like me to check our computer?W:Oh, yes, please.M:OK. Yes, it looks like our manager has ordered more. We should have some in medium by next Thursday.W: Great! I’ ll ask my assistant to come back then and pick one up.Text 7M:Loretta, I saw you on the news last night! That was really exciting!W:Thank you. I had a lot of fun.M: So, you won a contest, and you received your prize on the news at eight o ’ clock?W:Kind of. I won a music competition. The prize was a trip to the television station. Then,I got to perform the song I wrote. What did you think of the song?M: I thought it was absolutely beautiful, but I didn ’knowt you wrote it. I thought it w as written bya professional singer. Very impressive, Loretta! Do you have plans to be a singer?W:I will just keep singing and see what happens. Even if I never become famous, this is what I love to do every hour of every day.M: That is very admirable.Text 8M: Is that today ’s newspaper?W: Yes , let’ s see. Culture Flash is a clothing company that seems to import their goods from abroad. That ’ s odd, isn ’ t it? What else?... They say the salary is really good. They operate asystem of paying you a basic salary and then offering extra money for selling more.They say it ’s high. And look! They give you a car to travel around in. Gosh! Thatbad, is it?M: Um, do they say anything about experience?W: Um, let’ s see. No, they want someone young with ambition and enthusiasm. Oh, yes, they want graduates, so that’ s OK. You’ ve been to university. Now, what else? LetM: There must be something wrong with the offer.W:No, the only thing is that you have to travel, but then the company takes care of that. Oh, and you have to be able to get along well with other people. It says that you have to begood at working on a team.M: Um, perhaps I’ ll pay them a visit later today.Text 9W:Hey, I got some amazing shots in Australia! Thanks for lending me your camera, it ’ s really great.M: Thanks. It cost $ 800. The top of the line model would$1200,’vebutcostI ’ m pretty happy with the one I got.W: Wow! My old camera only cost $500. But I guess yours is a professional model.M:Yeah, although I did get it on sale in Japan. It was $200 cheaper there than in either Hong Kong or America.W:Well, do you want to see some of the pictures I took?M:OK. But where are the pictures I had on the SD Card?W: I erased them. Didn’ t you say you’ d saved them already?M: No, you promised to save them!W: That ’ s not how I remember it. Sorry, I guess I heard you wrong.M: You always do things like this! I’ m never lending you anything ever again! This is just like the time you broke my bicycle last year!W: That was an accident! Just calm down, I said I was sorry.M: I took those pictures in Africa! Nothing can replace them! I’ m so angry with you, even look at you right now!Text 10I just celebrated my 95th birthday last week, and people always ask me about my“ secret. Of”course, it’ s important to eat right and exercise, but that ’ s not much of actually have quite a few friends over the age of 90, and we all say the same thing: laughter. Arewe telling jokes all the time? Not necessarily. Are we watching funny movies around the clock?Of course not. Do we take the time to laugh at ourselves and generally try to keep things light asmuch as we can? You bet. One of the best ways to make sure you laugh every day is to bearound children or pets because they just can ’ t help being funny! And what aboutthose polite little laughs when your neighbor tells a joke that isn’ t really funny, bu anyway? Those are fine, but the ones that are good for the body and mind are the ones whereyou laugh with your whole body, where you end up tired and out of breath, where everyonearound you starts laughing, too. My“senior” friends and I even came up with a nice round number: for each“ full belly laugh” you have, you’rllinliveyouronelifextratime.houNow,that might not sound like much, but if you have one every day, you’ ll live an extra thr four years. I try to have between five and ten of those laughs every day, and so should you.参考答案 :(十九)1— 5 ACACA 6— 10 BAACC 11— 15 ABACC 16 — 20 ABCCA (三十八)1— 5 BBCCA 6— 10 ACABB 11— 15 ABCAA 16 — 20 BABBA—302—。