3-chapter4 Instruction system

MAX300 Series NanoMax 3-Axis Flexure StageUser GuideContentsChapter 1 Safety (3)1.1Safety Information (3)1.2General Warnings (3)Chapter 2 Introduction (4)2.1Description of the NanoMax TS 3-Axis Flexure Stage (4)2.2Component Identification (4)Chapter 3 Operation (8)3.1Manual Differential Drives and Differential Micrometer Drives (8)3.2NanoStep Motor Drives (8)3.3Piezo Actuators (9)Chapter 4 Installation (10)4.1Unpacking (10)4.2Attaching to a Work Surface (10)4.3Calibration of Motor Drives (10)4.4Fitting and Removal of Drives (11)4.5Orienting the Moving Platform (12)4.6Mounting Equipment. (13)4.7Transportation. (13)4.8Dimensions (14)Chapter 5 Specifications (17)Chapter 6 Parts and Consumables (18)6.1Parts List (18)Chapter 7 Regulatory (19)7.1Declarations Of Conformity (19)7.2Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment (WEEE) Directive (20)Chapter 8 Thorlabs Worldwide Contacts (23)2HA0094T Rev 11 April 20113Chapter 1Safety1.1Safety InformationFor the continuing safety of the operators of this equipment, and the protection of the equipment itself, the operator should take note of the Warnings, Cautions and Notes throughout this handbook and, where visible, on the product itself.The following safety symbols may be used throughout the handbook and on the equipment itself.1.2General WarningsGiven when there is a risk of injury from electrical shock.Given when there is a risk of injury to users.Given when there is a risk of damage to the product.Clarification of an instruction or additional information.If this equipment is used in a manner not specified by the manufacturer, the protection provided by the equipment may be impaired. In particular,excessive moisture may impair operation.Spillage of fluid, such as sample solutions, should be avoided. If spillage does occur, clean up immediately using absorbant tissue. Do not allow spilled fluidto enter the internal mechanism.Chapter 2Introduction2.1Description of the NanoMax TS 3-Axis Flexure StageThe NanoMax 3 axis flexure stage has been designed to integrate seemlessly into the Thorlabs Modular Electronic System and provide nanometric positioning on three orthogonal axes. It is suited to the alignment of optical fibres, waveguides, optoelectronic packages and any other high resolution alignment or positioning application including general purpose laboratory tasks. The innovative flexure design, combined with the system of modular drives, offers exceptional performance and flexibility.Three types of drive are available, the DRV001 stepper motor drive, the DRV3 differential micrometer and the DRV004 thumbscrew. Also available are two external piezo actuators which increase the piezo travel to 40 µm or 100 µm.2.2Component Identification2.2.1NanoMax StageThe NanoMax-TS 3 axis flexure stage is available in three versions; piezo-actuated with feedback on all axes, piezo-actuated without feedback and without piezo actuation, as shown in Fig. 2.1 to Fig. 2.4.Fig. 2.1 MAX301 NanoMax piezo-actuated stage with feedback on all axes45MAX300 Series 3-Axis Flexure StagesFig. 2.2 MAX302 NanoMax piezo-actuated stage without feedbackThe piezo-actuated models deliver 20 microns of travel, each piezo channel has a coaxial SMC connector (see Fig. 2.1 and Fig. 2.2). In addition, the NanoMax 301 has a 7-pin LEMO connector for each feedback channel (see Fig. 2.1). A corresponding number of leads for connection to the Thorlabs piezoelectric controllers are also supplied.The piezo-actuated models deliver 30 microns of travel, with a coaxial SMC connector for each piezo channel.Fig. 2.3 Feedback Lemo connector pin functionsPin Description1+15 V2Oscillator +30 V4Sig Out -5Sig Out +6-15 V7TravelSMC connectorsChapter 2Fig. 2.4 MAX303 NanoMax without piezo-actuation The NanoMax 303 has no electrical connections.2.2.2Drives and ActuatorsThere are three types of drive available for the NanoMax, a motorized drive as shown in Fig. 2.5. and two manual drives as shown in Fig. 2.6. In addition, external piezoNoteThe DRV001 stepper motor drive must be used in conjunction with the BSC benchtop driver or the MST601 control module. It cannot be driven by theTST001 T-Cube driver.Fig. 2.5 DRV001 NanoStep motor drive6HA0094T Rev 11 April 2011MAX300 Series 3-Axis Flexure StagesChapter 3Operation3.1Manual Differential Drives and Differential Micrometer Drives3.1.1Adjusting Micrometer DrivesTurn the coarse adjustment clockwise until the platform of the NanoMax begins to move. By use of the fine adjustment, sub-micron resolution is now achievable.MAX300 Series 3-Axis Flexure StagesTable 3.1 Standard configurations for motor drivesParameter ValueMaximum Velocity 2.5 mm s-1Minimum Velocity1mm s-1Slope 1 mm s-2Backlash control1Backlash distance–0.01 mmMode LinearMicrosteps to units40000Offset 3 mmMinimum position0.00 mmMaximum position 4.00 mmThe NanoStep modular drives have no +ve limit switch. The drive reachesa mechanical stop at a position dependent on the axis to which it isattached. The design is such that occasional driving into the stop will notcause any damage.If the axis is driven towards the –ve limit switch, at a certain position theplatform stops moving while the drive itself continues to move until thelimit switch is reached. The drive must then be moved positively by acertain distance before the platform begins to move. This distance is justless than the offset.When creating a program to control the NanoMax, it is preferable to avoidrunning into the +ve limit.3.3Piezo ActuatorsPiezo actuators are used to give nanometric positioning of the top platform over a range of 20 microns (40 µm or 100 µm if external piezo actuators are used). They can also modulate the position of the platform at high frequency.On a piezo-actuated NanoMax, position feedback may be incorporated on the linear axes to enhance the repeatability and linearity of piezo motion.The piezo-actuated NanoMax should be used together with one of the Thorlabs piezoelectric controllers – see the handbook for the relevant piezoelectric controller.The NanoMax monitors the ambient temperature using thermistors and applies small movements to the stage to compensate for the expansion and contraction of metals within the stage. Note that this compensation is active only when the associated piezo controller is set to ‘closed loop’ (feedback on) mode – see the relevant piezo controller handbook for more details on the operation of piezo actuators.910Chapter 4Installation4.1Unpacking 4.2Attaching to a Work SurfaceThe base of the NanoMax is provided with a number of fixing holes and slots for attachment to metric or inch optical tables, as supplied by Thorlabs and other manufacturers. Bolting the unit down minimizes the risk of damage from dropping.When mounting the NanoMax close to other equipment, ensure that the travel of the moving platform is not obstructed. If the moving platform is driven against a solid object, damage to the internal flexures could occur. The range of travel on each axis is 4 mm total, that is ± 2 mm about the nominal position.4.3Calibration of Motor DrivesCalibration enables the server to correct for any mechanical errors inherent in the system. Mechanical components, such as the leadscrew and linkages, can be machined only within a certain tolerance, e.g. the leadscrew may be nominally 1mm but actually 1.0005mm, giving a 0.5 micron error. In practice, these errors accumulate from a number of sources, however they are repeatable and therefore, can be compensated.During calibration, the total positional error is measured at a large number of points and these errors are stored as a look up table (LUT). The LUT is saved as a calibration file, one file for each axis on a particular stage. These files are then linked to the appropriate axis as part of the Stage association process performed using the APT Config utility. Whenever the stage is moved, the LUT is consulted to ascertain the precise movement required to achieve the demanded position.Retain the packing in which the unit was shipped, for use in futuretransportation.Once removed from its packaging, the NanoMax is easily damaged by mishandling. The unit should only be handled by its base, not by the topplatform or any attachments to the top platform.This section is applicable only to motor drives when a calibration hasbeen requested.MAX300 Series 3-Axis Flexure Stages When the stage is calibrated at the factory, the stepper motor controller, channel number, motor, stage and axis are configured in a certain manner. For the calibration to be effective, it is important to re-assemble the stage with the motors fitted to the same axis for which they were calibrated. This information is contained in the table below.Furthermore, the correct calibration files must be associated with the correct stage axis. In this regard, it is important to confirm what stage axes are connected to particular channels on particular motor units. It is then a simple task to use the APT Config utility to associate the correct calibration file with a particular serial numbered hardware unit and channel.The use of a calibration file is optional. Without it, the repeatability and resolution of the stage are unaffected, but no compensations are made to enhance the accuracy Details on assigning a calibration file are contained in the APTConfig On Line Helpfile.Table 4.1 Calibration detailsNanoMax serial numberAxis Motor Serial number Calibration File RemarksXYZ4.4Fitting and Removal of DrivesThis section is applicable only to Part Numbers MAX301, MAX302 and MAX303.The following procedure details how to fit a drive to the NanoMax 300 stage. A micrometer drive is shown for illustration purposes but the procedure is equally applicable to motor or thumbscrew actuators.1)For manual drives, rotate the coarse adjuster counter-clockwise a few turns toretract the drive rod. For motor drives, retract the drive rod by turning the manual adjuster clockwise.Then, referring to Fig. 4.1 on the next page...2)Insert the drive into the mounting bush.3)Tighten the knurled locking ring until finger tight.To remove a drive reverse the above procedure.When removing a motor drive, rotate only the locking ring, do not rotatethe motor body.11Chapter 4Fig. 4.1 Micrometer drive inserted into mounting bush4.5Orienting the Moving PlatformThe stage is normally oriented such that the X axis is the optical axis. If it is necessary to change the orientation for left or right-handed use, the Y axis becomes the optical axis as shown in Fig. 4.2 (The Z axis is always vertical).Fig. 4.2 Platform orientation12HA0094T Rev 11 April 201113MAX300 Series 3-Axis Flexure Stages4.6Mounting Equipment.Thorlabs manufacture a variety of fibre chucks, holders and fixtures to fit the NanoMax stage. However, custom hardware can be designed using a tongue-in-groove arrangement and the cleats provided, see Fig. 4.3 for a typical fixture.Fig. 4.3 Typical fixture, view along X-axis, length as required4.7Transportation.When attaching accessories (e.g. fiber holders) to the top platform or angle brackets (e.g. AMA007 and AMA009) to the side of the unit, do not use long bolts which protrude into the internal mechanism as this couldcause damage to the internal flexures.The weight attached to the moving platform must not exceed 1 kg.Do not apply excessive forces to the moving platform.CautionThe drives should be removed before transporting the NanoMax.When packing the unit for shipping, use the original packing. If this is not available, use a strong box and surround the NanoMax with at least 100mm of shock absorbent material.all dimensions in mmChapter 44.8DimensionsFig. 4.4 Dimensions – top platform14HA0094T Rev 11 April 2011MAX300 Series 3-Axis Flexure Stages 4.8.2Fig. 4.5 External piezo actuatorsFig. 4.6 Dimensions – modular drives15Chapter 44.8.4NanoMax 3-Axis StageFig. 4.7 Dimensions – NanoMax 3-axis stage16HA0094T Rev 11 April 201117MAX300 Series 3-Axis Flexure StagesChapter 5Specifications. .ParameterValueWeight (without drives):800 g Load capacity: 1 kgTravelManual (coarse) and motor4 mmManual (fine)300µm Piezo20 micronResolutionManual (coarse)0.5mm per revolutionManual (fine)50µm per revolution Motor0.06 µm min incremental movementPiezo (without feedback)20 nm Piezo (with feedback)5 nmArcuate displacement (maximum):80 micronThe resolution of a manual drive corresponds to a 0.5 degree adjustment of the thimble; the actual resolution obtained depends on the skill of zthe user. The resolution of the motor drives is the smallest step that can be executed (i.e. 1 microstep). The resolutions of the piezo actuators arethose typically obtained using Thorlabs controllers.Power supplyPiezoactuated NanoMax Nominal maximum input voltage:75 V Absolute maximum input voltage:100 V Stepper MotorMaximum input voltage:24 VThe NanoMax should only be used in conjunction with the appropriateThorlabs Piezoelectric Controllers.Chapter 6Parts and Consumables6.1Parts ListPart Number DescriptionMAX316D and MAX316D/M NanoMax stage with differential micrometer drives MAX315D and MAX315D/M NanoMax stage with piezo actuator and differentialmicrometer drivesMAX314D and MAX314D/M NanoMax stage with feedback piezo actuator anddifferential micrometer drives.MAX343 and MAX343/M NanoMax stage with stepper motor drives.MAX342 and MAX342/M NanoMax stage with piezo actuator and stepper motordrives.MAX341 and MAX341/M NanoMax stage with feedback piezo actuator andstepper motor drives.MAX303 and MAX303/M NanoMax stage onlyMAX302 and MAX302/M NanoMax stage with piezo actuatorMAX301 and MAX301/M NanoMax stage with feedback piezo actuator. 166038SMC connector lead134667LEMO connector lead131030Mounting cleat120992Cable clampha0094T Handbook18Chapter 7Regulatory7.1Declarations Of Conformity7.1.1For Customers in EuropeThis equipment has been tested and found to comply with the EC Directives89/336/EEC ‘EMC Directive’ and 73/23/EEC ‘Low Voltage Directive’ as amended by 93/68/EEC.Compliance was demonstrated by conformance to the following specifications which have been listed in the Official Journal of the European Communities:Safety EN61010: 2001 Installation Category II, Polution Degree II.EMC EN61326: 19977.1.2For Customers In The USAThis equipment has been tested and found to comply with the limits for a Class A digital device, persuant to part 15 of the FCC rules. These limits are designed to provide reasonable protection against harmful interference when the equipment is operated in a commercial environment. This equipment generates, uses and can radiate radio frequency energy and, if not installed and used in accordance with the instruction manual, may cause harmful interference to radio communications.Operation of this equipment in a residential area is likely to cause harmful interference in which case the user will be required to correct the interference at his own expense.Changes or modifications not expressly approved by the company could void the user’s authority to operate the equipment.19Chapter 77.2Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment (WEEE) Directive7.2.1ComplianceAs required by the Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment (WEEE) Directive of the European Community and the corresponding national laws, we offer all end users in the EC the possibility to return "end of life" units without incurring disposal charges.This offer is valid for electrical and electronic equipment•sold after August 13th 2005•marked correspondingly with the crossed out "wheelie bin" logo (see Fig. 1)•sold to a company or institute within the EC•currently owned by a company or institute within the EC•still complete, not disassembled and not contaminatedFig. 7.1 Crossed out "wheelie bin" symbolAs the WEEE directive applies to self contained operational electrical and electronic products, this "end of life" take back service does not refer to other products, such as •pure OEM products, that means assemblies to be built into a unit by the user (e. g.OEM laser driver cards)•components•mechanics and optics•left over parts of units disassembled by the user (PCB's, housings etc.).If you wish to return a unit for waste recovery, please contact Thorlabs or your nearest dealer for further information.7.2.2Waste treatment on your own responsibilityIf you do not return an "end of life" unit to the company, you must hand it to a companyspecialized in waste recovery. Do not dispose of the unit in a litter bin or at a publicwaste disposal site.20HA0094T Rev 11 April 2011MAX300 Series 3-Axis Flexure Stages 7.2.3Ecological backgroundIt is well known that WEEE pollutes the environment by releasing toxic products during decomposition. The aim of the European RoHS directive is to reduce the content of toxic substances in electronic products in the future.The intent of the WEEE directive is to enforce the recycling of WEEE. A controlled recycling of end of life products will thereby avoid negative impacts on the environment.2122Chapter 8Thorlabs Worldwide ContactsUSA, Canada, and South America Thorlabs, Inc.435 Route 206Newton, NJ 07860USATel: 973-579-7227Fax: 973-300-3600 (West Coast) email:********************* Support:************************ EuropeThorlabs GmbHHans-Böckler-Str. 685221 DachauGermanyTel: +49-(0)8131-5956-0Fax: +49-(0)8131-5956-99www.thorlabs.deemail:*******************UK and IrelandThorlabs Ltd.1 Saint Thomas Place, Ely Cambridgeshire CB7 4EXGreat BritainTel: +44 (0)1353-654440Fax: +44 (0)1353-654444www.thorlabs.deemail:*****************.com Support:*************************** FranceThorlabs SAS109, rue des Côtes78600 Maisons-LaffitteFranceTel: +33 (0) 970 444 844Fax: +33 (0) 811 381 748www.thorlabs.deemail:*********************ScandinaviaThorlabs Sweden ABBox 141 94400 20 GöteborgSwedenTel: +46-31-733-30-00Fax: +46-31-703-40-45www.thorlabs.deemail:************************ JapanThorlabs Japan Inc.Higashi IkebukuroQ Building 1st Floor 2-23-2Toshima-ku, Tokyo 170-0013JapanTel: +81-3-5979-8889Fax: +81-3-5979-7285www.thorlabs.jpemail:*****************ChinaThorlabs ChinaOasis Middlering Centre3 Building 712 Room915 Zhen Bei RoadShanghaiChinaTel: +86 (0)21-32513486Fax: +86 (0)21-32513480email:***********************2324Thorlabs Ltd.Saint Thomas Place, Ely Cambridgeshire CB7 4EX, UKTel:+44 (0) 1353 654440Fax:+44 (0) 1353 Thorlabs Inc.435 Route 206 North Newton, NJ07860USATel:+1 973 579 7227Fax:+1 973 300 。

Test Paper 1 ability abstract accountant accuracyacidaction activityactoradult adventure advertisements advertising adviceageagency agreement agricultureaidaimairallergyalley allowance alteration altitude ambition ambulance amount analysis analystangeranimalankleanswer Antarctica ape appearance architect architecture area argument aristocrat armyartarticle aspirin assignmentatlasaudienceauditoriumauthorauthorityaverageawardbachelorbackgroundbacteriabadgebadmintonbackpackbaldnessbandbandagebandsbankbanquetbasebasementbasesbasisbathbatteriesbatterybeachbeardbeatsbeautybedbedroombed sheetbedsitbehaviorsbeltbenefitbeveragebibliographybicyclebillbiologistbirdbirthblanketblastblockblouseboardboarderboatbonebowlbowlingbranchbreakfastbrickbridgebrochuresbuildingbungalowburgerburglarbuscabTest Paper 2cabinetcablecafécafeteriacageCambridgecamelcameracamp campus candidate candle canteen capital capsule carbon care career carpet carving cashier castle category cathedral cause cave cents century certificate chair chance chancellor channel chapter character charge charity chart chat checklist checks cheese chemist’s chest chick chicken child chin chocolate choice church cinema circlecity clarity cleanercleaningclientcliffsclimateclinicclockclothclothingclubcoachcoast codecokecolacolleague collegecomedycommercialscommutercompanioncompanycomplaintcomplexcomputerconcertconclusionconditionconferencesconfidenceconfirmationcongestionconquerorconquestconversationconservationconstructionconsultantconsumptioncontact containercontaminantscontaminationcontentcontinentcontractcontractscontroversyconveniencecooperationcopcopycorporationcorpsecorrespondencecostcostumecotcottagecoughcouncilcountrycoursecrack craftcreamcreditcreekcrimecrisiscrocodilecropcultivationculturecupcupboardcurtaincustomercutlerycyclecyclingdamagedangerdatadatedaydeadlinedebateTest Paper 3debtdecadedecisiondeclinedecorationsdelaydelegatedelight delivery demonstration dentist department deposit depth description desert design designer desiredesks destination detaildiary dictationdietdining dinner dioxide direction director disagreement disaster discipline disco discomfort discos discount discovery diseasedish disposal dispute distance divorce document documentarydonationdonkeydraftdramadrawdrawerdrinkdrinkingdriverdrivingdrugdrumduedurationdustdutyeagleeareasteatingeconomyeditoreducationelbowelderelectricityelementselevatoremotionemperoremployeeemployerencyclopediaendingenergiesengineengineerentranceepidemicequipmentethiceveningeventevidenceexaminationexampleexceptionexchangeexcitementexcursionexcuseexercisesexhibitionexistenceexistingexpansionexpenseexperimentexpertexplanationexplosionexpositionexposureextensionfacilityfactorfactoryTest Paper 4 faculty failure falconfanfarefarm farmer farming fashionfatfeastfeatherfeaturefeedbackfellowshipfemaleferriesfestival fieldfigurefilmfindingfingerfirmsfishfishingflagflashflatflightfloodfloodingflourflourishflowflufly forest forestry form formula fortnight fortune foyer freedom freezer freshman fruitfur furniture future gallery gap garage garbage garden gasoline gender germ gesture glass goal goldgolf grade grades graduate graduates grain grass green ground group growth guest guide gulfguygym habit handhandballhandbookshandlinghandouthatheadacheheadinghealthhearingheartheatinghenherbheroheroesheroinehikehikinghinthintshistorianhithitshobbyholidayhorsehospitalhouseworkhousinghouseholdshourTest Paper 5hotelhotline ]hunthuntingideaidentificationidentityimageimpactimportsinabilityincomingindexindustryinfectioninfluenceinformationinjectioninjuryinlandinsectinsomniainstituteinstitutioninstructioninstructorinstrumentinterestInternetinterviewerintroductioninvestigatorinvestmentirrigationislandisolationitemjacketjamjawjeansjournaljudgejuicejunctionjuniorkeeperkelpkeywordkidkingkioskkitkitchenkitsknifeknowledgekoalalablakelamplandlandmarklandscapelanguagelaptoplaserlavalawyerlayerlecturelecturerleisurelemonlenderlengthlessonletterlevellibraryliftlightlinelionlistsloanlocationlocklossloungeloyaltylucklunchlungmachinemagazine maidmail majority making male manager mane manufacture map margin mark market marketingmarshmastermatmatchingmaterialmaturitymaximummealmeasuremeasurementmeatmediamedicationmedicinemediummethodmicrophonemigrationmilemileagemilkminemineralmillminimumminutemixturemodelmoneymonopolymonthmoodmoralitymosquitomotelmountainTest Paper 6 moustache mouthmovie muscle museum music musical musiciannapnature naught=nought necknet newspaper nightnoisenorth northeast northwestnosenotenoticenurse nursery nursing nutnutrition objectiveoccasionoccupantoceanoculistointmentoption orderordinaryorganizeroriginal outlineoverdraftownerownershipOxfordpackagepagepaintpaintingpairpa;palacepanicpaperparcelparentparkparkingparticipantpassagespassengerpastimepatientpaymentpedestrianpensionpensionerspercentperformerperfumeperiodperiodicalperkpermitpersonpersonalitypetpetrolpetroleumphilosopherphotophotographphysicianphysicspianistpianopicnicpicturepiepillpinkplaceplacementplanplannersplansplantplantingplasticplateplayerplaygroundpleasurepocketpointpolicepollpollutantpollutepollutionportpositionpostpostgraduateparticularsTest Paper 7potteriespower powerpoint precaution precision preference preposition prescription presentation preservation president prevention printing priority privacyprize problem product production professors profit project promotion prone property prospectus protein psychiatrist psychologist psychotherapy publication pump purpose purse quality quantity quarter question radar radiator radio railwayrainrainfall range rankratrateratsrayreaderreadingreasonreceptionreciperecorderrecordingrecreationrecruitrecyclingrefereereferencereflectancereformrefugeregionregulationrelationrelationshiprelaxationreliefreligionremarkremovalrenewalrentrentalrepetitionreplacementreportreproduceresearchreservationreserveresidenceresidentresourcerespondentresponserestaurantresultretirementreturnreviewrevisionriceriderridersriskriverrobotrockrocketroleTest Paper 8roommatesrouterulesafarisafetysailsailingsaladsaladssalarysalesaltsamplesandalsatellitesaucesavingscalescandalscandalsscarscentscheduleschemescholarscholarshipsciencescientistscorescriptsculptureseaseasonseatsecondsecretarysectionsectorselectionselectionsseminarsensesentenceservantservicesewagesewersexshadesheepsheetshelfshellsheltership shoeshopliftersshoppershortageshowersidesightsignsignaturesilencesimulationsinglesitesizeskatingskeleton skillskinskirt slang slave sleep sleeping slip smell smoke smoking snacksoil solution sound source south southeast southwest space speaker speaking speed spending spider sponsor spoons sportsman spot stability stack stage stair standard star starter starting state statement station status steak steam stepstingstockstomachstomachachestonestorestorystrategystrengthstrikestylesubjectsubmitsubsidysuburbsugarsuitsunshieldsupervisorsupportssurfacesurgeonsurnamesurprisesurveysurvivalsweaterswitchswitchessymptomsyndicatesyrupsystemtabletablettapetaxTest Paper 9taxiteateacherteachingteamjargontermtechnologyteethtelephonetelescopetelevisiontempertempletexttexturegalaxythefttheorytherapisttherapythesisthiefthievesthinkingthirdthoughtthreatthrillertickettidetidestiletimbertimetitletoastertoilettomatotonetooltoptopictotaltouchingtourtouringtourismtouristtoweltowertowntracktractortradetramtragedytrailertrainingtrendtraveltravelertreatmenttriptribetributetributesTrinitytrolleytroubletubetunnelstuitiontunetunestutortypeumpireunderstandingutensiluniformunionuniversityusagevacancyvacationvalueparticularsvarietyvegetablevelvetvetvideo view village vinegar visa visitor vitamin vocation volunteer volunteers waist waiter walk walking wall world warming washing wasp waste wasteland water wavewax wealth weapon weather weeds week weekday weekend weight welfare west wetland whale wheel width willows windwing word workforce working wound writing year yoga youth zero。

Follow instruction manualThe instruction manual is part of the product and an important element within the safety concept.• Read and follow instruction manual.• A lways keep instruction manual available for the product.• P ass on instruction manual to all subsequent users of the product.1. Intended useThe product is applicable for liquids with specific conductivity over 10 µS/cm. Theswitching unit can sense the resistance between probes. Conductivity measurement is suitable only for detecting the presence of liquid at a given level of the tank. This level is represented by the length of the probe. The conductive switch is suitable for fìlling or emptying control with 2 to 4 relay outputs working simultaneously or for level detection of 2-4 independent levels (in 1 or 2 tanks) with 2 independent relay outputs.2. Safety and responsibilityIn order to provide safety in the plant, the operator is responsible for the following measures:• P roducts may only be used for its intended purpose, see intended use • N ever use a damaged or defective product. Immediately sort out damaged product.• M ake sure that the piping system has been installed professionally and serviced regularly.• P roducts and equipment shall only be installed by persons who have the required training, knowledge or experience.• R egularly train personnel in all relevant questions regarding locally applicableregulations, safety at work, environmental protection especially for pressurised pipes.The personnel is responsible for the following measures:• K now, understand and follow the instruction manual and the advices therein.3. FunctionThe level switch consists of 1 or 2 switching unit and the KLN-2 type probes. Probes are to be connected to the 2281 type probe socket head that can be screwed into the tank. lf the material of the tank or its internal insulation is not conductive then a reference probe should be used in addition to the one, two, three or four probe(s), if the material of the tank is conductive, the tank can be used as a reference probe.4. Technical Data4.1 Technical Data of the switching unitProbe Voltage 5 V AC Probe current < 1 mA ACSensitivityAdjustable: 5 kΩ ... 100 kΩMax. cable capacity 4 nF Response max. 400 ms Setting accuracy (mech.)± 5 %Delay Adjustable: 0.5 ... 10 s Relay output 2x SPDTSwitching voltage 250 V AC1, 24 V DC Switching current 16A AC1Switching power 4000 vA AC1. 384 W DC Electrical strength 4 kVMechanical life-span 3 x107 switches Electrical life-span 0,7x105 switches Power supply Un 24 V AC/DCVoltage range allowed nominal voltage -15 %...+100 %Power consumption max. 2.5 VA/ W Ambient temperature -20°C ... +55°CElectrical connection max. 2.5 mm 2 / with insulation 1.5 mm 2Electrical protection Class III Ingress protection IP 20Mechanical connection DIN EN 60715 rail Mass240 g6. Installation• Mount s witching unit on DIN EN 60715 rail.• Cut the KLN-2 type probes to the length required for level detection on site. • Screw probes into the sockets.• Tighten the probe with an M6 nut.•Use separators at every 0.5 m for multiple probe devices to keep the probes apart.7. Electrical Connectionlf the wall of the tank is conductive no reference probe is needed, ln this case terminal C is to be connected to the tank. On multiple probe units E1 and E2 are marked with 1,,.4, the reference probe is marked with C. Admissible length of cable between signal processor and probes depends on cable capacity and conductivity. Make sure E1 in upper level, E2 buttom level.8. Putting into operation8.1 AdjustmentThe green LED (U n ) shows that the unit is on, the energized state of the relays areindicated by the E1 respectively E2 LEDs. Operating mode, delay ON and delay OFF can be set with the DIP switch on the front panel. tE1(s) and tE2(s) potentiometers are for adjusting the delay time. The sensitivity setting (R potentiometer) should comply with lhe conductivity of the fluid. Do not set sensitivity higher than required because the vapour precipilation may lead to operation disturbance.Selection of delay type for input E1ta: delay OFF Georg Fischer Piping Systems Ltd CH-8201 Schaffhausen Phone +41(0)52 631 30 26 / info.ps @georgfischer .com / GFDO 6354_4 (07.14)© Georg Fischer Rohrleitungssysteme AG CH-8201 Schaffhausen/Schweiz, 2014Printed in SwitzerlandInstruction manual2281 Conductive multipoint switch with dual channel relayGF Piping SystemsGeorg Fischer Piping Systems Ltd CH-8201 SchaffhausenPhone +41(0)52 631 30 26 / info.ps@ /GFDO 6354_4 (07.14)© Georg Fischer Rohrleitungssysteme AGCH-8201 Schaffhausen/Schweiz, 2014Printed in Switzerland8.2 Level detectionThe relay allows level detection of 2 independent levels even in one tank or in two separated tanks.8.3 State of relaysE1 E2 E1 E2 E1 E2 E1 E2Function 2xDelay type E1 taFunction 2xDelay type E1 taFunction 2xDelay type E1 taFunction 2xDelay type E1 ta1xONtbtb1xONtbtb1xONtbtb1xONtbtb8.4 Level controlSelection of contacts depends on required function.9. Maintenance, RepairThe device does not require regular maintenance. Repair within and beyond the wanantyperiod is carried out at the manufacturer‘s location.10. Storage• Ambient temperature: -30 to +70 °C• Relative humidity: max. 85%11. DisclaimerThe technical data are not binding. They neither constitute expressly warranted cha-racteristics nor guaranteed properties nor a guaranteed durability.They are subject to modification. Our General Terms of Sale apply.。

IntroductionManual OverviewThe manual is divided into the following sections:•Getting started - A basic introduction that discusses the controls and how to communicate with the system.•Entering a Destination - How to enter an address or locate a point of interest (POI).•Driving to your Destination – An explanation of the map features,guidance, and cautions.•Information Features - Trip Computer,V oice Help, Calendar, and Calculator.•System Set-up - How to set up and tailor the system for your personal use and add Personal Addresses.The back of this manual contains:•Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)•Troubleshooting Guide •Glossary of Terms •V oice Command ListSystem OverviewYour navigation system is a highly-sophisticated location system with voice control that uses satellites and a mapdatabase to show you where you are and to help guide you to a desired destination.The navigation system receives signals from the global positioning system (GPS),a network of 24 satellites in orbit around the earth. By receiving signals from several of these satellites, the navigation system can determine the latitude, longitude, and elevation of your vehicle. In addition, a gyroscopic yaw sensor and a vehicle speed sensor in your vehicle keep track of the direction and speed of travel at all times.The navigation system applies this location,direction, and speed information to the maps and calculates a route to thedestination you enter. As you drive to that destination, the system provides map and voice guidance.The navigation system is easy to use. The locations of many places of business and entertainment are already entered in the system. You can select any of them as a destination by using the touch screen or voice control.There are several ways to enter adestination, such as by point of interest (POI), by address, by phone number, and by selecting it from the map. The last 50destinations are saved for reuse at a later date. The system also allows you to store a home address to simplify returning home from your destination.Accessories PrecautionsIf you have rear window tintinginstalled, be aware that if the tint has metallic properties, it can seriously degrade or prevent GPS reception. This is because the GPS antenna is located under the rear window beneath the rear shelf.If you plan to install electroniccomponents such as vehicle location devices, remote starters, additional amplifiers, or other audio components ensure that they are not located near the navigation control unit in the trunk,or near the navigation display in the dash. Signal noise emanating from these devices can cause intermittentdisruption of the navigation system.Important Safety InformationThe navigation system can distract your attention from the road if you focus on the screen or operate the system’s controls while driving.Enter as much information as possible into the system before you begindriving, or when the vehicle is stopped.Then, as you drive, listen to the audio instructions and use voice commands when possible.While driving, do not look at the screen or operate the system controls for more than a second or so at a time, and only after deciding you can do so safely.Pull to the side of the road if you need more time to look at the screen or operate the controls.The navigation system is designed to provide route information to help you reach your destination. However, this route guidance may sometimes conflict with current road conditions such as street closures, road construction,detours, and out-of-date map data.Additionally, the system itself has certain limitations (see page 65).Therefore, you must verify the audio and visual route information provided by the system by carefully observing the roadway, signs and signals, etc. If you are unsure, proceed with caution.Always use your own good judgment,and obey traffic laws while driving.Map OverviewYour navigation system has two kinds of streets: verified (dark colored) and unverified (light colored). Thedifferences between the two types of streets are contrasted in the following chart.Introduction“Unverified” Road“Verified” RoadIntroductionWhen displayedStreet color Map QualityRoutingdifferences CautionsGuidancevoice Time and distance “to go”Verified streets (dark colored)These roads are found within metropolitan areas, and include interstate freeways and major roads connecting cities.Shown on daytime map screen as black or red, such as interstate freeways.The database vendor has verified these streets.Information like turn restrictions, average speed, and whether it is a one way street have been gathered and used when creating your route to a destination.While driving to your destination, the displayed route line is solid blue.The system provides voice and map guidance to your destination.There are no pop up boxes urging extra caution during a route. However, because roads constantly change, you are urged to use common sense, and always obey posted traffic restrictions.V oice guidance issues maneuvers such as “In a half mile make a right turn.”The time and distance “to go”, displayed while en-route to a destination, is based on the average speed and distance for the roads used for your route.Unverified streets (light colored)These roads are found in rural areas, and typically include residential streets away from the center of a town.Shown on the daytime map screen as light brown.These streets have not been verified by the database vendor.The system does not contain information about one-way streets, turn restrictions, or the road’s average speed.They are shown on the map for reference and can have errors in map location, naming,and address range.Your route line is either a blue dotted “vector line”, or a dashed pink/blue line. See the Set-up section “unverified routing” for information on selecting this option, and the routing differences.Regardless of whether the user chooses route guidance, there are cautionary screens before and during the route urging the user to be extra cautious, and obey all traffic restrictions. See the Unverified Routing on page 39.The suffix “if possible” is added to each guidance maneuver.For example: “In a half mile make a right turn, if possible.” Because the average speed of these roads is not known, the time and distance “to go” is based on a fixed average speed of 25 mph for these roads.User AgreementIn using this DVD “Satellite Linked Navigation System” (the “DVD”), which includes HONDA MOTOR CO., LTD. software, ALPINE ELECTRONICS, INC. software,NA VIGATION TECHNOLOGIES CORPORATION database contents and INFO USA CORPORATION database contents (hereinafter referred to as “Licensors”), you are bound by the terms and conditions set forth below. By using your copy of the DVD, you have expressed your agreement to the terms and conditions of this agreement. You should, therefore, make sure that you read and understand the following provisions. If for any reason you do not wish to be bound by the terms of this agreement, please return the disk to your Acura dealer.•The DVD may not be copied,duplicated, or otherwise modified, inwhole or in part, without the expresswritten permission of the Licensors.•The DVD may not be transferred orsublicensed to any third party forprofit, rent or loan, or licensed forreuse in any manner.•The DVD may not be decompiled,reverse engineered or otherwisedisassembled, in whole or in part.•The DVD may not be used in anetwork or by any other manner ofsimultaneous use in multiplesystems.•The DVD is intended solely forpersonal use (or internal use wherethe end-user is a business) by theconsumer. The DVD is not to beused for commercial purposes.•The Licensors do not guarantee tothe customer that the functionsincluded in the DVD meet thespecific objectives of the user.•Licensor shall not be responsible forany damages caused by the use ofthe DVD to the actual user or to anythird party.•The warranty on the DVD shall notextend to an exchange or refund dueto misspelling, omission of letters, orany other cosmetic discrepancy inthe layout of the DVD.•The right to use the disk shall expireeither when the user destroys theDVD or software, or when any of theterms of this agreement are violatedand the Licensors exercise the optionto revoke the license to use the DVDor software.User Agreement•The terms and conditions hereof apply to all subsequent users and owners as well as to the original purchaser.•The use of oil company logos in the display are for your information and convenience, and in no way implies any sponsorship, approval or endorsement of these companies, or their products. The logos are trademarks of their respective owners.The user shall indemnify and save harmless the Licensors, and their officers, employees and agents, from and against any claim, demand or action, irrespective of the nature of the cause of the claim, demand or action, alleging loss, costs, expense, damages or injuries (including injuries resulting in death) arising out of the use or possession of the DVD, data, or the Navigation Technologies Corporation e, duplication, or disclosure of this DVD by or on behalf of the United States government is subject to “Restricted Rights” as set forth at FAR 52.227-14, -19 or DFARS 252.227-7013, as applicable. Manufacturers are the Licensors, including HONDA MOTOR CO., LTD., 2-1-1 Minami Aoyama Minato-Ku Tokyo 107-8556 JAPAN., Alpine Electronics, Inc., 20-1 Yoshima Kogyodanchi, Iwaki, Fukushima 970- 1192 JAPAN., Navigation Technologies, 10400 W. Higgins Rd., Rosemont, IL 60018 and INFO USA CORPORATION, 5711South 86th Circle, Omaha, NE 68127.。

Intel® 64 and IA-32 ArchitecturesSoftware Developer’s ManualVolume 3 (3A, 3B, 3C & 3D):System Programming GuideNOTE: The Intel 64 and IA-32 Architectures Software Developer's Manual consists of four volumes: Basic Architecture, Order Number 253665; Instruction Set Reference A-Z, Order Number 325383; System Programming Guide, Order Number 325384; Model-Specific Registers, Order Number 335592. Refer to all four volumes when evaluating your design needs.Order Number: 325384-065USDecember 2017Intel technologies features and benefits depend on system configuration and may require enabled hardware, software, or service activation. Learn more at , or from the OEM or retailer.No computer system can be absolutely secure. Intel does not assume any liability for lost or stolen data or systems or any damages resulting from such losses.You may not use or facilitate the use of this document in connection with any infringement or other legal analysis concerning Intel products described herein. You agree to grant Intel a non-exclusive, royalty-free license to any patent claim thereafter drafted which includes subject matter disclosed herein.No license (express or implied, by estoppel or otherwise) to any intellectual property rights is granted by this document.The products described may contain design defects or errors known as errata which may cause the product to deviate from published specifica-tions. Current characterized errata are available on request.This document contains information on products, services and/or processes in development. All information provided here is subject to change without notice. Contact your Intel representative to obtain the latest Intel product specifications and roadmapsCopies of documents which have an order number and are referenced in this document, or other Intel literature, may be obtained by calling 1-800-548-4725, or by visiting /design/literature.htm.Intel, the Intel logo, Intel Atom, Intel Core, Intel SpeedStep, MMX, Pentium, VTune, and Xeon are trademarks of Intel Corporation in the U.S. and/or other countries.*Other names and brands may be claimed as the property of others.Copyright © 1997-2017, Intel Corporation. All Rights Reserved.CONTENTSPAGECHAPTER 1ABOUT THIS MANUAL1.1INTEL® 64 AND IA-32 PROCESSORS COVERED IN THIS MANUAL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-1 1.2OVERVIEW OF THE SYSTEM PROGRAMMING GUIDE. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-4 1.3NOTATIONAL CONVENTIONS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-6 1.3.1Bit and Byte Order. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-6 1.3.2Reserved Bits and Software Compatibility . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-7 1.3.3Instruction Operands. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-8 1.3.4Hexadecimal and Binary Numbers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-8 1.3.5Segmented Addressing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-8 1.3.6Syntax for CPUID, CR, and MSR Values. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-9 1.3.7Exceptions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-9 1.4RELATED LITERATURE. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-10CHAPTER 2SYSTEM ARCHITECTURE OVERVIEW2.1OVERVIEW OF THE SYSTEM-LEVEL ARCHITECTURE. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-1 2.1.1Global and Local Descriptor Tables. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-3 2.1.1.1Global and Local Descriptor Tables in IA-32e Mode. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-4 2.1.2System Segments, Segment Descriptors, and Gates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-4 2.1.2.1Gates in IA-32e Mode. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-4 2.1.3Task-State Segments and Task Gates. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-5 2.1.3.1Task-State Segments in IA-32e Mode. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-5 2.1.4Interrupt and Exception Handling. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-5 2.1.4.1Interrupt and Exception Handling IA-32e Mode. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-5 2.1.5Memory Management. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-6 2.1.5.1Memory Management in IA-32e Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-6 2.1.6System Registers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-6 2.1.6.1System Registers in IA-32e Mode. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-7 2.1.7Other System Resources. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-7 2.2MODES OF OPERATION. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-7 2.2.1Extended Feature Enable Register. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-9 2.3SYSTEM FLAGS AND FIELDS IN THE EFLAGS REGISTER. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-9 2.3.1System Flags and Fields in IA-32e Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2-11 2.4MEMORY-MANAGEMENT REGISTERS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-11 2.4.1Global Descriptor Table Register (GDTR) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2-12 2.4.2Local Descriptor Table Register (LDTR) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2-12 2.4.3IDTR Interrupt Descriptor Table Register. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2-12 2.4.4Task Register (TR). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2-13 2.5CONTROL REGISTERS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-13 2.5.1CPUID Qualification of Control Register Flags. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2-19 2.6EXTENDED CONTROL REGISTERS (INCLUDING XCR0) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-19 2.7PROTECTION KEY RIGHTS REGISTER (PKRU) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-21 2.8SYSTEM INSTRUCTION SUMMARY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-21 2.8.1Loading and Storing System Registers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2-23 2.8.2Verifying of Access Privileges . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2-23 2.8.3Loading and Storing Debug Registers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2-24 2.8.4Invalidating Caches and TLBs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2-24 2.8.5Controlling the Processor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2-25 2.8.6Reading Performance-Monitoring and Time-Stamp Counters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2-25 2.8.6.1Reading Counters in 64-Bit Mode. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2-26 2.8.7Reading and Writing Model-Specific Registers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2-26 2.8.7.1Reading and Writing Model-Specific Registers in 64-Bit Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2-26 2.8.8Enabling Processor Extended States. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2-26Vol. 3A iiiCONTENTSiv Vol. 3A PAGECHAPTER 3PROTECTED-MODE MEMORY MANAGEMENT3.1MEMORY MANAGEMENT OVERVIEW . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-1 3.2USING SEGMENTS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-2 3.2.1Basic Flat Model . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-3 3.2.2Protected Flat Model. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-3 3.2.3Multi-Segment Model . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-4 3.2.4Segmentation in IA-32e Mode. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-5 3.2.5Paging and Segmentation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-5 3.3PHYSICAL ADDRESS SPACE. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-6 3.3.1Intel® 64 Processors and Physical Address Space. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-6 3.4LOGICAL AND LINEAR ADDRESSES. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-6 3.4.1Logical Address Translation in IA-32e Mode. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-7 3.4.2Segment Selectors. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-7 3.4.3Segment Registers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-8 3.4.4Segment Loading Instructions in IA-32e Mode. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-9 3.4.5Segment Descriptors. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-9 3.4.5.1Code- and Data-Segment Descriptor Types. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-12 3.5SYSTEM DESCRIPTOR TYPES. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-13 3.5.1Segment Descriptor Tables. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-14 3.5.2Segment Descriptor Tables in IA-32e Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-16CHAPTER 4PAGING4.1PAGING MODES AND CONTROL BITS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-1 4.1.1Three Paging Modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-1 4.1.2Paging-Mode Enabling. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-3 4.1.3Paging-Mode Modifiers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-4 4.1.4Enumeration of Paging Features by CPUID . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-5 4.2HIERARCHICAL PAGING STRUCTURES: AN OVERVIEW. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-6 4.332-BIT PAGING . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-7 4.4PAE PAGING. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-13 4.4.1PDPTE Registers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-13 4.4.2Linear-Address Translation with PAE Paging . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-14 4.54-LEVEL PAGING. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-19 4.6ACCESS RIGHTS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-28 4.6.1Determination of Access Rights . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-29 4.6.2Protection Keys . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-31 4.7PAGE-FAULT EXCEPTIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-31 4.8ACCESSED AND DIRTY FLAGS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-33 4.9PAGING AND MEMORY TYPING . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-34 4.9.1Paging and Memory Typing When the PAT is Not Supported (Pentium Pro and Pentium II Processors). . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-34 4.9.2Paging and Memory Typing When the PAT is Supported (Pentium III and More Recent Processor Families). . . . . . . . . .4-34 4.9.3Caching Paging-Related Information about Memory Typing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-35 4.10CACHING TRANSLATION INFORMATION. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-35 4.10.1Process-Context Identifiers (PCIDs). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-35 4.10.2Translation Lookaside Buffers (TLBs). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-36 4.10.2.1Page Numbers, Page Frames, and Page Offsets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-36 4.10.2.2Caching Translations in TLBs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-37 4.10.2.3Details of TLB Use. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-37 4.10.2.4Global Pages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-38 4.10.3Paging-Structure Caches. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-38 4.10.3.1Caches for Paging Structures. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-38 4.10.3.2Using the Paging-Structure Caches to Translate Linear Addresses. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-40 4.10.3.3Multiple Cached Entries for a Single Paging-Structure Entry. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-41 4.10.4Invalidation of TLBs and Paging-Structure Caches . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-41 4.10.4.1Operations that Invalidate TLBs and Paging-Structure Caches. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-41 4.10.4.2Recommended Invalidation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-43 4.10.4.3Optional Invalidation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-44 4.10.4.4Delayed Invalidation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-45 4.10.5Propagation of Paging-Structure Changes to Multiple Processors. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-46 4.11INTERACTIONS WITH VIRTUAL-MACHINE EXTENSIONS (VMX). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-47 4.11.1VMX Transitions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-47CONTENTSPAGE 4.11.2VMX Support for Address Translation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-474.12USING PAGING FOR VIRTUAL MEMORY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-47 4.13MAPPING SEGMENTS TO PAGES. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-48CHAPTER 5PROTECTION5.1ENABLING AND DISABLING SEGMENT AND PAGE PROTECTION. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-1 5.2FIELDS AND FLAGS USED FOR SEGMENT-LEVEL ANDPAGE-LEVEL PROTECTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-2 5.2.1Code-Segment Descriptor in 64-bit Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-3 5.3LIMIT CHECKING . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-4 5.3.1Limit Checking in 64-bit Mode. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-5 5.4TYPE CHECKING . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-5 5.4.1Null Segment Selector Checking. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-6 5.4.1.1NULL Segment Checking in 64-bit Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-6 5.5PRIVILEGE LEVELS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-6 5.6PRIVILEGE LEVEL CHECKING WHEN ACCESSING DATA SEGMENTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-8 5.6.1Accessing Data in Code Segments. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-9 5.7PRIVILEGE LEVEL CHECKING WHEN LOADING THE SS REGISTER. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-10 5.8PRIVILEGE LEVEL CHECKING WHEN TRANSFERRING PROGRAM CONTROL BETWEEN CODE SEGMENTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-10 5.8.1Direct Calls or Jumps to Code Segments. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-10 5.8.1.1Accessing Nonconforming Code Segments. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-11 5.8.1.2Accessing Conforming Code Segments. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-12 5.8.2Gate Descriptors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-13 5.8.3Call Gates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-13 5.8.3.1IA-32e Mode Call Gates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-14 5.8.4Accessing a Code Segment Through a Call Gate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-15 5.8.5Stack Switching . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-17 5.8.5.1Stack Switching in 64-bit Mode. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-19 5.8.6Returning from a Called Procedure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-20 5.8.7Performing Fast Calls to System Procedures with theSYSENTER and SYSEXIT Instructions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-20 5.8.7.1SYSENTER and SYSEXIT Instructions in IA-32e Mode. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-21 5.8.8Fast System Calls in 64-Bit Mode. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-22 5.9PRIVILEGED INSTRUCTIONS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-23 5.10POINTER VALIDATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-24 5.10.1Checking Access Rights (LAR Instruction) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-24 5.10.2Checking Read/Write Rights (VERR and VERW Instructions). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-25 5.10.3Checking That the Pointer Offset Is Within Limits (LSL Instruction). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-25 5.10.4Checking Caller Access Privileges (ARPL Instruction). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-26 5.10.5Checking Alignment. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-27 5.11PAGE-LEVEL PROTECTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-27 5.11.1Page-Protection Flags . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-28 5.11.2Restricting Addressable Domain. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-28 5.11.3Page Type . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-28 5.11.4Combining Protection of Both Levels of Page Tables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-28 5.11.5Overrides to Page Protection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-29 5.12COMBINING PAGE AND SEGMENT PROTECTION. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-29 5.13PAGE-LEVEL PROTECTION AND EXECUTE-DISABLE BIT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-30 5.13.1Detecting and Enabling the Execute-Disable Capability . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-30 5.13.2Execute-Disable Page Protection. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-30 5.13.3Reserved Bit Checking. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-31 5.13.4Exception Handling. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-32CHAPTER 6INTERRUPT AND EXCEPTION HANDLING6.1INTERRUPT AND EXCEPTION OVERVIEW. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-1 6.2EXCEPTION AND INTERRUPT VECTORS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-1 6.3SOURCES OF INTERRUPTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-2 6.3.1External Interrupts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-2 6.3.2Maskable Hardware Interrupts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-3 6.3.3Software-Generated Interrupts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-4Vol. 3A v。

Xtend Power Control Series Instruction BulletinRetain for future use.LynTecXPC XRS-80WEB CONTROLLEDAC POWER DISTRIBUTIONRead these instructions carefully and look at the equipment to become familiar with the device before trying to install, operate, service, or maintain it. The following special messages may appear throughout this bulletin or on the equipment to warn of potential hazards or to call attention to information that clarifies or simplifies a procedure.The addition of either symbol to a “Danger” or “Warning” safety label indicates that an electrical hazard exists which will result in personal injury if the instructions are not followed.This is the safety alert symbol. It is used to alert you to potential personal injury hazards. Obey all safety messages that follow this symbol to avoid possible injury or death.NOTE:Provides additional information to clarify or simplify a procedure.Electrical equipment should be installed, operated, serviced, and maintainedonly by qualified electrical personnel. This document is not intended as aninstruction manual for untrained persons. No responsibility is assumed bySquare D for any consequences arising out of the use of this manual.WARNING WARNING indicates a potentially hazardous situation which, if not avoided, can result in death or serious injury.CAUTION CAUTION indicates a potentially hazardous situation which, if not avoided, can result in minor or moderate injury.CAUTION CAUTION, used without the safety alert symbol, indicates a potentially hazardous situation which, if not avoided, can result in property damage.HAZARD CATEGORIES ANDSPECIAL SYMBOLSPLEASE NOTE Electrical equipment should be installed, operated, serviced and maintained only by qualified electrical personnel. This document is not intended as an instruction manual for untrained persons. No responsibility is assumed by LynTec for any consequences arising out of the use of this manual.Table of Contents ContentsChapter 1--Introduction (4)OVERVIEW (4)Safety Precautions (4)Disclaimer (4)Chapter Two--Quick Start Guide (5)Chapter 3--Detailed (6)Installation and Setup (6)Setup Detail (6)Connecting to the XRS-80 with a Router (6)Connecting to the XRS-80 using a Crossover CAT5/6 cable (7)Management (8)Overview Tab (8)Network Tab (9)Chapter Four--Troubleshooting (10)Troubleshooting (10)Detail Specifi cations (11)Chapter One--OverviewThe LynTec XRS-80 is a microcontroller based powerdistribution device that can be accessed via Internet orintranet communications using an Ethernet connection.With this remote access, individual AC circuits can be turnedon and off and AC power receptacles can be monitored forelectrical current fl ow.The XRS-80 has four 20 amp capacity circuits.OVERVIEW Chapter 1--IntroductionSAFETY PRECAUTIONS The XRS-80 is designed to operate at 120 volts, 60 hertz.Operation with any voltage or frequency other than that candamage the equipment and create an unsafe situation.CAUTION #1: This device must be grounded.CAUTION #2: This device should be installed only byqualifi ed electrical technicians using appropriate mountinghardware and correct installation techniques. Beforeinstalling make sure main power is off.CAUTION #3: Do not expose this product to moisture orsalty air. Doing so could cause signifi cant damage andcreate an unsafe condition.IntroductionDISCLAIMER LynTec shall under no circumstances be held responsible forany losses, damage, or injury resulting directly or indirectlyfrom the use of the XRS-80 device in a manner contraryto accepted safe operating methods or any instructionscontained in this document. The user should determine priorto use whether this product is adequate, suitable and safe forthe application intended. Since individual applications can besubject to extreme variation LynTec makes no representationor guarantee as to the suitability of the XRS-80 for anygenerally described application.Chapter To--Quick Start Guide Chapter Two--Quick Start Guide1.U nbox the unit. The box should contain: XRS-80 deviceand user manual QR. You will need to have the XRS-80hard wired installed by a qualifie d e lectrician.Y ou willneed a CAT5 network cable if attaching to a router, a CAT5/6crossover cable if connecting directly to a PC.Applypower to circuit #1.2.W ith your PC/laptop on and booted up, connect theXRS-80 to your router or directly to a PC/laptop using asuitable cable. If the XRS-80 is connected to a networkrouter use a standard CAT 5 cable, if connected directly toa PC/laptop use a CAT 5/6 crossover cable.3.T he XRS-80 will take about 30 seconds to boot up andconfi g ure i tself a t w hich p oint t he N etwork l ight o n t hefront of the unit will illuminate, indi-cating networkconnectivity. If the Network light blinks or does not light atall check the cable connections.4.O pen up your web browser and type in thefollowing default IP address to access the XRS-80:http://192.168.1.2505.At this point you will be prompted to log into the XRS-80.Initial login:Username: adminPassword: pw6.U se the “Network Setup” page to set a specifi c static IPaddress for your installation.7.S ee your system administrator, if you have one, for helpwith confi guration.Chapter Three--Detailed Installation & SetupChapter 3--DetailedInstallation and SetupUnbox the unit. The box should contain: XRS-80 device and SETUP DETAILuser manual QR. You will need to have the XRS-80 hardwired installed by a qualifi ed electrician.Connecting to the XRS-801.Apply power to circuit #1.with a Router2.C onnect the XRS-80 to your network router using a Cat 5cable plugged into the RJ45 “Network” port on the frontof the unit and the other end to your network router.3.T he XRS-80 will take a few seconds to boot up andconfi gure itself at which point the Network light on thefront of the unit should illuminate and remain on withoutblinking, indicating network connectivity. If the Networklight blinks check the cable connections.4.O pen a web browser on your PC or Laptop and type inthe following address on the navigation bar to access theXRS-80: http://192.168.1.250 Be sure to type exactly asshown. No domain such as “.com” should be added.5.Y ou will be presented with the login box. Enter thefollowing initial username and password:Initial login:Username: adminPassword: pwChapter Three--Detailed Installation & SetupConnecting to the XRS-80 using a Crossover CAT5/6 cable To connect the XRS-80 to a PC or laptop directly you will need to change the properties of your internet connection/IP address.1.P lug the CROSSOVER cable into the PC/laptopnetwork socket and the other end into the XRS-80Network socket .2.T he XRS-80 device will take a few seconds to boot upand confi gure itself at which point the Network light onthe front of the unit should illuminate and remain onwithout blinking, indicating network connectivity. If theNetwork light blinks check the cable connections.3.I n Windows go to your start menu and navigate to thecontrol panel. Then choose the Network Connections”icon.4.O pen Network connections by double clicking on it,select the LAN or HIGH-SPEED icon, right click on thisand select properties.5.C lick once on the Internet Protocol item that you willsee at the bottom of the list and select the propertiesbutton which is at the mid right.6.C heck the “Use the following IP address” box and thenchange the IP address to: 192.168.1.1, then change theDefault Gateway address also to: 192.168.1.1.7.C lick OK and then close the network box.8.O pen a web browser on your PC and type in thefollowing address on the navigation bar to access theXRS-80: 192.168.1.250.9.T he XRS-80 login box will appear, enter your logindetails and operate the XRS-80.Chapter Three--Detailed Installation & SetupMANAGEMENT Once you have logged into the XRS-80 you willsee”Network Setup”. You can confi gure the IP addressand other required network settings (dependent on yourpersonal network)Network SetupThe Network Setup Page displays the current settings of theunit and the MAC address. This page is useful for retrievingall the information you may need to set up the XRS-80 onyour network. Disable DCHP and set a static IP address for theXRS-80.Chapter Four--Troubleshooting Chapter Four--TroubleshootingTROUBLESHOOTING The LynTec XPS-80 is ruggedly constructed and containsquality components. There are no user serviceable partsinside this device. Unauthorized service will void all existingwarranties and may result in equipment damage andpersonal injury.Should improper performance be observed consult thefollowing guidelines for diagnosis.Detail Specifi cationsDetail Specifi cationsChassis16 Gauge SteelDimensions32”l x 3.5”w x 2”dRelay current rating Four @ 30ANumber of circuits Four @20ANumber of controlled Pods Four (one per circuit)Power input4’ external wire harness (4 line, 4neutral, 1 ground)Power Output Four NEMA 5/20R DuplexInput Voltage120 VAC @60HzCommunications input Ethernet (RJ-45, 8-wire)Communications Protocol HTMLFront Panel Monitor LED indicates network connectionFront Panel Control Override switch to turn on in eventof product or network faultStandards UL508AFCC--Part 15, Class AETL Tested to: CU 22.2-14 and UL508A。

X300Pro3User ManualStatementThis handbook is the manual of X300Pro3.Without the written permission from the manufacturer, any company or individual shall not copy or backup it in any form(electronic,mechanical, photocopying,recording or otherwise).This manual is only operating instructions for X300Pro3.If any result caused by using it on other equipment,the company does not assume any responsibility for it.If not quality problems of X300Pro3such as equipment failure caused by user abuse or misuse, unauthorized disassembly,repair equipment yourself,not operate or maintain by the instructions, lose it,the repair will not be free.Other product names mentioned in this manual are in order to describe how to use X300Pro3,and their copyrights are still observed by the original company.X300Pro3and files are used for normal vehicles maintenance.If used for illegal purposes,the company does not assume legal responsibility.ContentChapter1:Summary (1)1.1Features (1)1.1.1Advantages (1)1.1.2Durability (1)1.2Introduction of the device (2)1.2.1The main unit and accessories (2)1.3Hardware technical specification (3)1.4Functions Setting (3)1.4.1Functions Selection (4)1.4.2System Setting (4)1.4.2.1Language Selection (4)1.4.2.2Contrast Adjustment (5)1.4.2.3Font Setting (5)1.4.2.4Metric/Inch………………………………………………………………………..1.4.2.5Data Logging……………………………………………………………………..1.4.3System Information (5)1.4.4Device Self-test (6)Chapter2:How to update software for X300PRO3 (6)2.1Update Tool software Installation (7)2.2Software Updating (8)Chapter1:Summary1.1.Features1.1.1.AdvantagesMulti-language environment can be applied in different countries and regions.The main unit system adopts ARM high speed chip to keep it running fast,stable and anti-jamming.Updating via SD card at any moment.Modern design and high-definition true color screen realize the integration of automotive industry and electronic information technologies and make auto diagnosis and key programming easier,practical and economical.1.1.2DurabilityIntegrity structure design makes it crack resistance,shock resistance and durable.Industrial design ensures the tool work stably under tough environment, such as high and low temperatures.1.2Introduction of the device1.2.1The main unit and accessories(Picture as below)Name InstructionTesting cable port Connect to the main test cable for autokey programmingDisplay Screen Show informationF1Keyboard input option keyF2Keyboard input option keyEnter OKESC Exit or give upUp UpRight To rightDown DownLeft To leftTF card slot To keep diagnostic program or data1.3Hardware technical specificationDimension:23.9cm(L)*12cm(W)*3.6cm(H)CPU:ARM7Power Supply:DC12VOperation Power:DC12VOperation Temperature:-20~60Display Screen:320*240TFT Screen1.4Functions SettingPower on and then press ENTER on the screen then go to the function setting, setting information as shown below:1.4.1Function SelectionSelect different functions according to different requirements.Note:Software numbers and functions are different according to different product configuration.Further detailed information,please contact your distributor.1.4.2System SettingSelect System Setting,language and contrast can be adjusted,as shown below:1.4.2.1Language SelectionThis device supports simplified Chinese,traditional Chinese,English,Russia,Greek, Spanish,Italian.In the language directory,select required language by Up and Down and press ENTER to confirm it.1.4.2.2ContrastAccording to the environment,adjust the brightness of the screen by the left andright buttons,as shown below:1.4.2.3Font SettingAccording to requirement,select different font.1.4.2.4Metric/InchAccording to different requirements,select the Metric/Inch by the up and down keys, and press ENTER to confirm as show below,1.4.2.5Data LoggingAny problems during testing,please use the Data Logging function to record the test process and send the data to us.Select ON by the up and down keys and press ENTER to confirm,shown as below,Note:Every time you need to select ON if you want to record the data before testing car.1.4.3System InformationSystem information includes product serial number,hardware version,software version,release date,register password,etc.1.4.4Device Self-testDevice self-test includes screen display,keyboard testing.hardware self-testing,etc. If it cannot show enough pictures on the screen,keyboard not work,and hardware self-test not get through,please return this X300Pro3to the manufacturer.Chapter2:How to update software for X300Pro32.1Update Tool software installationDownload the update tool and diagnostic software on ,double click,then go to the next step:Step1Click“Next”Step2:Click“NextStep3:Click“Next”Step4:Click“Finish”2.2Software UpdatingAfter Update Tool installationcompleted,click the Update Toolsoftware icon on desktop to start the update tools.Operation steps asfollowing:Step1Open update toolStep2Click the source menu,choose theprogram you want to update,click it and confirmStep3:Click and select all the software then click“update”Step4:Wait for several minutes then the updating finishedNote For new update software and questions during updating,please contact your distributor.。