2012年12月N1真题解析+听力材料(完整版)

沪江日语绿宝书之2012年12月日语能力考试N1听力原文----听力原文----問題21番１この会社しか受からなかったから２知名度が高いから３残業や休日出勤が少ないから４やりがいのある仕事ができるから正解：1会社で昼休みに、女の人と男の人が話しています。

男の人が今の会社に入った理由は何ですか。

男の人です。

女：吉田さんはどうしてこの会社に就職しようと思ったんですか。

私の場合、ここしか受からなかったんですけど。

男：うーん、そうだな。

最初はとにかく誰もが知ってるような知名度の高い会社に入りたいと思ったんだけど、いろいろ調べてるうちに、考えが変わってね。

女：へえ。

男：仕事だけじゃなくて、プライベートの時間も大事だっていう人もいるけど、僕はたとえ残業が多かろうが、休みが少なかろうが、自分のやりたいことができる会社が一番だと思ったんだ。

女：そうなんですか。

で、この会社には満足してるんですか。

男：まあね。

女：そうですか。

やっぱり仕事がやりがいが大事ですよね。

男：なんてね。

実を言うと、君と同じ理由なんだ。

ほかの選択肢がなくってね。

ここだけの話だけど。

女：なんだ。

男：でも、今はこの会社に入って正解だったって思ってるよ。

質問：男の人が今の会社に入った理由は何ですか。

2番１特別な効能のある温泉があるから２街のふんいきに心がいやされるから３都心からの交通の便がいいから４広大な自然が楽しめるから正解：2温泉地でアナウンサーが話しています。

この温泉地が人気のある理由は何だと言っていますか。

女：皆さん、こんにちは。

私は今、紅葉谷温泉に来ています。

ひっそりとした山奥にあるこの温泉、お湯の特別な効能を謳っているわけではありません。

古く歴史あるこの情調溢れる町並みが、心を癒してくれるともっぱらの評判なんです。

こちらまで電車はご利用になれませんが、車なら都心から日帰りで往復できない距離ではありません。

皆さんもぜひ一度訪れてみてください。

問題1問題1では、まず質問を聞いてください。

それから話を聞いて、問題用紙の1から4の中から、最もよいものを一つ選んでください。

1番1) 山川→キム→林→田中2) 山川→林→キム→田中3) キム→林→山川→田中4) 林→キム→山川→田中2番1) しゅうしょくサイトに登録する2) しゅうしょく課に相談する3) しゅうしょく関連の本を読む4) 証明写真を撮る3番1) 新商品の説明文を作成する2) 表紙のデザインを変更する3) 品質管理について調べる4) げんこうを印刷会社に送る4番1) インタビューをする2) 質問こうもくを作る3) 関連する研究を調べる4) せんぱいの卒業論文を読む5番1) 製品紹介をトップページにのせる2) 製品紹介のリンクを目立たせる3) 使用体験へのリンクを目立たせる4) 特売情報をトップページにのせる6番1) 記事のテーマを決める2) 情報をまとめる3) 企画書を書く4) 打ち合わせに出席する問題2問題2では、まず質問を聞いてください。

そのあと、問題用紙のせんたくしを読んでください。

読む時間があります。

それから話を聞いて、問題用紙の1から4の中から、最もよいものを一つ選んでください。

1番1) この会社しか受からなかったから2) 知名度が高いから3) 残業や休日出勤が少ないから4) やりがいのある仕事ができるから2番1) 特別な効能のある温泉があるから2) 町のふんいきに心がいやされるから3) 都心からの交通の便がいいから4) 広大な自然が楽しめるから３番1) 作家の小説が文学賞を受賞したから2) 作家の最新作がしゅっぱんされたから3) 作家の作品が映画化されたから4) 作家の小説の売り上げが好調だから４番1) 親が選んだ記事を親が解説していっしょに読む2) 親が選んだ記事を子供に一人で読ませる3) 子供が選んだ記事を親が解説していっしょに読む4) 子供が選んだ記事を子供に一人で読ませる５番1) 家に品質が悪くてこわれやすい物が増えること2) 結果的に経済的な損失が大きくなること3) 買った物を大切に扱わなくなること4) 質のよい物を見る目が養われないこと６番1) 生地の水分吸収力が高くなったこと2) 生地がぬれても速く乾くこと3) 生地の肌触りがよくなったこと4) 生地が伸縮性に富んでいること７番1) ライブの演出が素晴らしいこと2) 曲のメロディーが優れていること3) 歌詞の言葉づかいがたくみなこと4) えんそうの技術が高いこと問題3問題3では、問題用紙に何も印刷されていません。

2012年12月英语听力答案及原文短对话：11. Go to the park to enjoy the flowers.12. She cannot attend the presentation.13. He is a very successful businessman.14. She has every confidence in Susan.15. It is worth the money taking a train to Miami.16. The old furniture should be replaced.17. The man got home late due to the storm.18. The woman’s sons might enjoy team sports.长对话：Conversation One19. Take orders over the phone.20. Customers’questions could not be answered on the same day.21. They each take a week.Conversation Two22. Near a school.23. He did not notice it.24. It is no longer valid.25. He got a ticket.听力短文：Passage 126. They behave as if their memories have failed totally.27. Those with 15 items or less.28. Go back and pick up more items.29. It requires tolerance.Passage 230. A natural and spontaneous style of speech.31. Differences in style between writing and speaking.32. The key to becoming a good speaker.Passage 333. By comparing his performance with others.34. Children cannot detect their own mistakes.35. It is unhelpful to students’learning.复合式听写：36. foreign37. accomplished38. interpersonal39. detail.40. controlled41. abruptly42. references43. indication44. it is considered very rude to be late -- even by 10 minutes -- for an appointment in America.45. It has enabled Americans to be extremely productive, and productivity itself is highly valued in America.46. Americans believe in spending their time and energy today so that the fruits of their labor may be enjoyed at a later time.2012年12月英语四级考试听力原文汇总完整版Part III Listening ComprehensionSection ADirections: In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A), B), C) and D), and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.11.W: I just heard about a really beautiful park in the east end of the town. There are a lot of roses in bloom.M: Why don’t we walk over there and see for ourselves?Q: What will the speakers probably do?12.M: My presentation is scheduled for 9:30 tomorrow morning at the lecture hall. I hope to see you there.W: Oh, sorry. I was about to tell you that I have an appointment with my dentist at 9:00 o’clock tomorrow.Q: What do we learn about the woman?13.W: How long have you been running this company?M: Twenty years if you can believe that. I brought it from a small operation to what it is today. Q: What do we learn about the man?14.M: Have you read the news on the campus net? Susan has won the scholarship for next year.W: I knew she would from the very beginning. Such a brilliant and diligent girl! She certainly deserves it.Q: What does the woman mean?15.W: Taking a bus to Miami, it’s cheaper than going by train.M: That’s true. But I’d rather pay a little more for the added comfort and convenience.Q: What does the man mean?16.M: I think it’s time we got rid of all this old furniture.W: Y ou’re right. We need to promote our image besides it’s not a real antique.Q: What do the speakers mean?17.M: That was some storm yesterday. How was I afraid I couldn’t make it home.W: Y eah, most of the roads to my house were flooded. I didn’t get home from the lab until midnight.Q: What do we learn from the conversation?18.W: My boys are always complaining that they’re bored.M: Why don’t you get them into some team sports? My son and daughter play soccer every Saturday. And they both look forward to it all week.Q: What does the man mean?Questions 19 to 21 are based on the conversation you have just heard.W: I don’t know what to do. I can’t seem to get anyone in the hospital to listen to my complaints and this outdated equipment is dangerous. Just look at it.M: Hmm, uh, are you trying to say that it presents a health hazard?W: Y es, I am. The head technician in the lab tried to persuade the hospital administration to replace it, but they are trying to cut costs.M: Y ou are pregnant, aren’t you?W: Y es, I am. I made an effort to get my supervisor to transfer me to another department, but he urged me not to complain too loudly. Because the administration is more likely to replace me than an X-ray equipment, I’m afraid to refuse to work. But I’m more afraid to expose my unborn child to the radiation.M: I see what you mean. Well, as your union representative, I have to warn you that it would take quite a while to force management to replace the old machines and attempt to get you transferred may or may not be successful.W: Oh, what am I supposed to do then?M: Workers have the legal right to refuse certain unsafe work assignments under two federal laws, the Occupation or Safety and Health Act and the National Labor Relations Act. But the requirements of either of the Acts may be difficult to meet.W: Do you think I have a good case?M: If you do lose your job, the union will fight to get it back for you along with back pay, your lost income. But you have to be prepared for a long wait, maybe after two years.Q19. What does the woman complain about?Q20. What has the woman asked her supervisor to do?Q21. What does the man say about the two federal laws?Q22. What will the union do if the woman loses her jobQuestions 23 to 25 are based on the conversation you have just heard.W: Mr. Green, is it fair to say that negotiation is an art?M: Well, I think it’s both an art and science. Y ou can prepare for a negotiation quite scientifically, but the execution of the negotiation has quite a lot to do with one’s artistic quality. The scientific part of a negotiation is in determining your strategy. What do you want out of it? What can you give? Then of course there are tactics. How do you go about it? Do you take an opening position in a negotiation which differs from the eventual goal you are heading for? And then of course there are the behavioral aspects.W: What do you mean by the behavioral aspects?M: Well, that’s I think where the art comes in. In your behavior, you can either be an actor. Y ou can pretend that you don’t like things which you are actually quite pleased about. Or you can pretend to like things which you are quite happy to do without. Or you can be the honest type negotiator who’s known to his partners in negotiation and always plays everything straight. But the artistic part of negotiation I think has to do with responding immediately to cues one gets in the process of negotiation. These can be verbal cues or even body language. This is where the artistic quality comes in.W: So really, you see two types of negotiator then, the actor or the honest one.M: That’right. And both can work. I would say the honest negotiator can be quite effective in some circumstances. In other circumstances you need an actor.Q23. When is a scientific approach best embodied in a negotiation according to the man?Q24. In what way is a negotiator like an actor according to the man?Q25. What does the man say about the two types of negotiator?Section BDirections: In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the center.Passage 1Questions 26 to 28 are based on the passage you have just heard.Since I started working part-time at a grocery store, I have learned that a customer is more thansomeone who buys something. To me, a customer is a person whose memory fails entirely once he or she starts to push a shopping cart. One of the first things customers forget is how to count. There is no other way to explain how so many people get in their express line, which is clearly marked 15 items or less, with 20, 25 or even a cart load of items. Customers also forget why they came to the store in the first place. Just as I finish ringing up an order, a customer will say, “Oops, I forgot to pick up a fresh loaf of bread. I hope you don’t mind waiting while I go get it.”Five minutes later, he is back with the bread, a bottle of milk, and three rolls of paper towels. Strange as it seems, customers also seem to forget that they have to pay for their groceries. Instead of writing a check or looking for a credit card while I am ringing up the groceries, my customers will wait until I announce the total. Then, in surprise, she says, “Oh no, what did I do with my check book?”After 5 minutes of digging through her purse, she borrows my pen because she’s forgotten hers. But I have to be tolerant of customers because they pay my salary, and that’s something I can’t afford to forget.Q26. What does the speaker say about customers’entering the grocery store?Q27. Which customers are supposed to be in the express line?Q28. What does the speaker say some customers do when they arrive at the check-out counter?Q29. What does the speaker say about his job at the end of the talk?Passage 2Questions 29 to 31 are based on the passage you have just heard.The speech delivery style of Europeans and Asians tends to be very formal. Speakers of these cultures often read oral presentations from carefully written manuscripts. On the other hand, American speakers are generally more informal relative to speakers in other cultures. American audiences prefer natural, spontaneous delivery that conveys a lively sense of communication. They don’t relate well to speakers who read from a manuscript. If you use an outline of your ideas instead of a prepared text, your speech will not only sound more natural, but you will also be able to establish better relationship with your listeners and keep their attention. The language and style you use when making an oral presentation should not be the same as the language and style you use when writing. Well-written information, that is meant to be read, does not work as well when it is heard. It is, therefore, important for you to adapt written texts or outlines for presentations. Good speakers are much more informal when speaking than when writing. They also use their own words and develop their own speaking styles. Whenever possible, they use short words. Listeners appreciate it when speakers use simple, everyday words in a presentation. One advantage is that it’s much easier for speakers to pronounce short words correctly. Another is that long and sophisticated vocabulary choices make listening more difficult.Question 30 to 3230. What does the speaker say American audiences prefer?31. What should one pay attention to when making an oral presentation?32. What does the speaker focus on in the talk?Passage 3Questions 32 to 35 are based on the passage you have just heard.Let children learn to judge their own work. A child learning to talk does not learn by beingcorrected all the time. If corrected too much, he will stop talking. He compares a thousand times a day the difference between language as he uses it and language as those around him use it. Bit by bit, he makes the necessary changes to make his language like other people’s. In the same way, kids learning to do all the other things they learn without adult teachers, to walk, run, climb, ride a bike, play games, compare their own performance with what more skilled people do, and slowly make the needed changes. But in school we never give a child a chance to detect his mistakes. We do it all for him. We act as if we thought he would never notice a mistake unless it was pointed out to him. Soon he becomes dependent on the expert. We should let him do it himself. Let him figure out, with the help of other children if he wants it, what this word says, what is the answer to that problem, whether this is a good way of saying or doing this or that. If right answers need to be given, as in mathematics or science, give him the answer book. Let him correct his own papers. Why should we teachers waste time on such tedious work? Our job should be to help children when they tell us that they can’t find a way to get the right answer.Question 33 to 3533. How does a child learn to do something according to the speaker?34. What belief do teachers commonly hold according to the speaker?35. What does the speaker imply about the current way of teaching?Section CDirections: In this section, you will hear a passage three times. When the passage is read for the first time, you should listen carefully for its general idea. When the passage is read for the second time, you are required to fill in the blanks numbered from 36 to43 with the exact words you have just heard. For blanks numbered from 44 to 46 you are required to fill in the missing information. For these blanks, you can either use the exact words you have just heard or write down the main points in your own words. Finally, when the passage is read for the third time, you should check what you have written.Time is, for the average American, of utmost importance. To the foreign visitor, Americans seem to be more concerned with getting things accomplished on time (according to a predetermined schedule) than they are with developing deep interpersonal relations. Schedules, for the American, are meant to be planned and then followed in the smallest detail. It may seem to you that most Americans are completely controlled by the little machines they wear on their wrists, cutting their discussions off abruptly to make it to their next appointment on time. Americans’language is filled with references to time, giving a clear indication of how much it is valued. Time is something to be “on,”to be “kept,”“filled,”“saved,”“wasted,”“gained,”“planned,”“given,”“made the most of,”even “killed.”The international visitor soon learns that it is considered very rude to be late -- even by 10 minutes -- for an appointment in America. Time is so valued in America, because by considering time to be important one can clearly achieve more than if one “wastes”time and doesn’t keep busy. This philosophy has proven its worth. It has enabled Americans to be extremely productive, and productivity itself is highly valued in America. Many American proverbs stress the value of guarding time, using it wisely, and setting and working toward specific goals. Americans believe in spending their time and energy today so that the fruits of their labor may be enjoyed at a later time.。

2012年12月日语能力考一级真题读解部分02 2012年12月日语能力考一级真题读解部分02。

考生们在日语备考中都会看大量资料，做大量习题来提高日语水平，可是在能力考前还是不能确定自己的掌握情况，那就让往年一级真题来帮你检测一下吧！問題10 次の文章を読んで、後の問いに対する答えとして最もよいものを、1、2、3、4から一つ選びなさい。

まず、教育とは何か、ということから考えてみよう。

さしあたってぼくは、教育とは、子どもを「社会の成員(大人)としてふさわしい存在」へと育て上げていくこと、と定義してみたい。

どんな時代、どんな社会の人びとでも、子どもを大人に育て上げなくてはならなかった。

そのさいには、①社会の成員として「ふさわしい」あり方が何かしら想定されていて、それが教育の営みを導いていたはずだ。

その「ふさわしさ」は、大きく二つに分けられるだろう。

一つは、働いて食べていけるために必要な能力、つまり農民なら農民としての、漁民ならば漁民としての、技能や知識。

もう一つは、他の人びとのあいだでふさわしいふるまいができること――基本的なルールを守り、他の人びとと協力する態勢をとれること、自分に与えられた役割を果たし、その責任をとれること等々、つまり、他者との関係能力である。

では、現代社会においては、どういうことが「大人としてふさわしい」のだろうか?教育理念を構築するとは、このことをあらためて考え、かつ共有しようとすることに他ならない。

だが、この「共有」ということはなかなかむずかしい。

そこには、社会のあり方と人間の生き方をどのようなものとして思い描くか、つまりは、異なった社会観·人間観がさまざまに入り込み、衝突してくるからだ。

たとえば、ぼくが最初にあげた「教育とは、子どもを社会の成員としてふさわしい存在にすることだ」という定義に対しても、②反発を覚える人がいるだろう。

「それは、社会的期待に子供を添わせようとするよくない発想だ。

2012年12月日语能力考一级真题文字部分2012年12月日语能力考一级真题文字部分。

考生们在日语备考中都会看大量资料，做大量习题来提高日语水平，可是在能力考前还是不能确定自己的掌握情况，那就让往年一级真题来帮你检测一下吧！問題1_____の言葉の読み方として最もよいものを、1、2、3、4から一つ選びなさい。

1.従来の枠を超えて新しい分野に進出する企業が増えている。

1)かべ 2) わく 3) みぞ 4) ふち2.この情報誌は国内の主な観光名所をほぼ網羅している1) ぼうろう 2) もうろう 3) もうら 4) ぼうら3. このような賞を受けることは、私にとって大変名誉なことです1) めいゆう 2) めいゆ 3) めいよう 4) めいよ4. 新商品の開発には多額の資金を費やした。

1) ひやした 2) つやした 3) ついやした 4) ひいやした5. あそこに見えるのは、千年前に建てられた由緒あるお寺です。

1) ゆうしょ 2) ゆいしょ 3) ゆうしょう 4) ゆいしょう6. 若いスタッフたちが手際よく作業を進めていた。

1) しゅざい 2) てきわ 3) しゅさい 4) てぎわ問題2( )に入れるのに最もよいものを、1、2、3、4から一つ選びなさい。

7. 会議の直前に部長の都合が悪くなり、( )私が代理で出席することになった。

1) 瞬時に 2) 迅速に 3) 即刻 4) 急遽8. あの人は｢申請書は締め切りまでに絶対に提出した｣と、まだ( )いる1) 言い残して 2) 言い張って 3) 言い渡して 4) 言い放って9. このままでは交渉がまとまらないので、互いに( )せざるをえない。

1) 同調 2) 妥協 3) 和解 4) 融合10. この論文が今後の医学の発展に( )するところは大きいだろう。

1) 寄与 2) 普及 3) 供与 4) 波及11. 今年の花火大会は、30万人を超える( )が予想されている。

2012年12月四级考试真题汇总版Part I Writing汀仁业弔分试!ML 聲题匸T I'.DirectionFor this part, you are allowed 30 minu tes to write a short essayentitled Education PaysYou should write at least 120 words but no more than Education PaysPart II Readi ng Comprehe nsion (Skim ming and Scanning)Why In tegrity MattersWhat is In tegrity?"Integrity" is defined as "adherenee to moral and ethical principles; The key to in tegrity is con siste ncy--not only sett ing high pers onal sta ndards for on eself (hon esty, resp on sibility, respect for others, fair ness) but also to those sta ndards each day. One who has in tegrity is bound by and follows moral and ethical standards even when making life's hard choices, choices which may be clouded by stress, pressure to succeed, or temptati on.What happe ns if we lie, cheat, steal, or violate other ethical sta ndards? We feeldisappo in ted in ourselves and ashamed. But a lapse of in tegrity also affects our relati on ships with others. Trust is esse ntial in any importa nt relati on ship, whether pers onal or professi on al. Whoca n trust some one who is dish on est Thus, in tegrity must be one of our most importa nt goals.Risky Businesswwkiy gmi 叩t In IQll (in 沖 DwistAl A H }** U** Sanw nddhqvw I h4k>Mf > -1 謝 180 words.hon esty." livi ng up or unfair?We are each responsible for our own decisions, even if the decision-making process has been undermined by stress or peer pressure. The real test of characteris whether we can learn from our mistake, by understanding why we acted as we did, and then exploring ways to avoid similar problems in the future.Making ethical decisions is a critical part of avoiding future problems. We must learn to recognize risks, because if we can't see the risks we're taking, we can't make responsible choices. To identify risks, we need to know the rules and be aware of the facts. For example, one who doesn't know the rules about plagiarism may accidentally use words or ideas without giving proper credit, or one who fails to keep careful research notes may unintentionally fail to quote and cite sources as required. But the fact that such a violation is "unintentional" does not excuse the misconduct. Ignorance is not a defense."But Everybody Does It"Most people who get in trouble do know the rules and facts, but manage to fool themselves about the risks they ' re taking by using excuses: "Everyone else doesit," "I'm not hurting anyone," or "I really need this grade." Excuses can get very elaborate: "I know I'm looking at another's exam, even though I'm supposed to keepmy eyes on myown paper, but that's not cheating because I'm just checking myanswers, not copying." We must be honest about our actions, and avoid excuses. If we fool ourselves into believing we're not doing anything wrong, we can't see the real choice we're making--and that leads to bad decisions.To avoid fooling yourself, watch out for excuses and try this test: Ask how you would feel if your actions were public, and anyone could be watching over your shoulder. Would you feel proud or ashamed of your actions? If you'd rather hide your actions, that's a good indication that you're taking a risk and rationalizing it to yourself.Evaluating RisksTo decide whether a risk is worth taking, you must examine the consequences, in the future as well as right now, negative as well as positive, and to others as well as to yourself. Those who take risks they later regret usually focus on immediate benefits ("what's in it for me"), and simply haven't considered what might go wrong. The consequences of getting caught are serious, and may include a "0" on a test or assignment; an "F" in the class; Suspension or Dismissal from school; transcript notation; and a tarnished reputation. In fact, when you break a rule or law, you lose control over your life, and give others the power to impose punishment: you have no control over what that punishment might be. This is an extremely precarious and vulnerable position. There may be some matters of life and death, or highest principle, which might justify such a risk, but there aren't many things that fall in this category.Getting Away With It--Or NotThose who don't get caught pay an even higher price. A cheater doesn't learnfrom the test, depriving him/herself of an education. Cheating undermines confidence and independence: the cheater is a fraud, and knows that without dishonesty, he/she would have failed. Cheating destroys self-esteem and integrity, leaving the cheater ashamed, guilty, and afraid of getting caught. Worst of all, a cheater who doesn't get caught the first time usually cheats again, not only because he/she is fartherbehind, but also because it seems "easier." This slippery slope of eroding ethics and bigger risks leads only to disaster. Eventually, the cheater gets caught, and the later he/she gets caught, the worse the consequences. Students have been dismissed from school because they didn't get this simple message: Honesty is the ONLY policy that works.Cheating Hurts Others, TooCheaters often feel invisible, as if their actions "don't count" and don't really hurt anyone. But individual choices have a profound cumulative effect. Cheating can spread like a disease, and a cheater can encourage others just by being seen from across the room. Recent statistics suggest 30%or more of college students cheat. If a class is graded on a curve, cheating hurts others' grades. Even if there is no curve, cheating "poisons" the classroom, and others may feel pressured to join in. ("If I don't cheat, I can't compete with those who do.") Cheating also has a destructive impact on teachers. The real reward of good teaching is seeing students learn, but a cheater says, "I'm not interested in what you're trying to teach; allI care about is stealing a grade, regardless of the effect on others." The end result is a blatant and destructive attack on the quality of your education. Finally, cheating can hurt the reputation of the University, and harm those who worked hardfor their degree.Why Integrity MattersIf cheating becomes the norm, then we are in big trouble. We must rely on the honesty and good faith of others every day. If not, we couldn't put money in the bank, buy food, clothing, or medicine from others, drive across a bridge, get on a plane, go to the dentist--the list is endless. There are many examples of the vast harm that is caused when individuals forget or ignore the effect their dishonesty can have. The savings and loan scandal, the stock market and junk bond swindles, and, of course, Watergate, have undermined the faith of many Americans in the integrity of political and economic leaders and society as a whole. Such incidents take a tremendous toll on our nation's economy and our individual well-being. For example, but for the savings and loan debacle, there might be funds available to reduce the national debt and pay for education.In sum, we all have a commonstake in our school, our community, and our society. Our actions do matter. It is essential that we act with integrity in order to build the kind of world in which we want to live.1. A person of integrity not only sets high moral and ethical standards but also .A) sticks to them in their daily lifeB) makes them known to othersC) understands their true valuesD) sees that others also follow them2. What role does integrity play in personal and professional relationships?A) It helps to create team spiritB) It facilitates communicationC) It is the basis of mutual trustD) It inspires mutual respect3. why must we learn to identify the risks we are going to take ？A. To ensure we make responsible choices.B. To avoid being overwhelmed by stress.C. so that we don ' t break any rules.D. so that we don t run into trouble.4. Violation of a rule is misconduct even if ____ ?A. it has caused no harm.B. it is claimed to be unintentional.C. it has gone unnoticed.D. it is committed with good intentions.5. What should one do if he doesn ' t wish to fool himself?A. Avoid making excuses.B. Listen to other people ' s advice.C. Make his intensions public.D. Have others watch over his shoulder.6. Those who take risks they regret later on ____ .A. will often become more cautiousB. are usually very aggressiveC. value immediate benefits most.D. may lose everything in the end7. According to the author, a cheater who doesn ' t get caught right away willA) pay more dearlyB) become more confidentC) be widely admiredD) feel somewhat lucky8. Cheaters at exam don ' t care about their education, all they care about is how to9. Integrity matters in that all social activities rely on people ' s _______10. Many Americans lost faith in the integrity of their political leaders as a result of .Part III Listening ComprehensionSection ADirections: In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 longconversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A), B), C) and D), and decide which is the best answer.Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.11.W: I just heard about a really beautiful park in the east end of the town. There are a lot of roses in bloom.M: Why don ' t we walk over there and see for ourselves?Q: What will the speakers probably do?12.M: My presentation is scheduled for 9:30 tomorrow morning at the lecture hall.I hope to see you there.W: Oh, sorry. I was about to tell you that I have an appointment with my dentist at 9:00 o ' clock tomorrow.Q: What do we learn about the woman?13.W: How long have you been running this company?M: Twenty years if you can believe that. I brought it from a small operationto what it is today.Q: What do we learn about the man?14.M: Have you read the news on the campus net? Susan has won the scholarship for next year.W: I knew she would from the very beginning. Such a brilliant and diligent girl! She certainly deserves it.Q: What does the woman mean?15.W: Taking a bus to Miami, it ' s cheaper than going by train.M: That 's true. But I ' d rather pay a little more for the added comfort and convenience.Q: What does the man mean?16.M: I think it ' s time we got rid of all this old furniture.W: You' re right. Weneed to promote our image besides it 's not a real antique.Q: What do the speakers mean?17.M: That was some storm yesterday. How was I afraid I couldn ' t make it home.W: Yeah, most of the roads to my house were flooded. I didn ' t get home fromthe lab until midnight.Q: What do we learn from the conversation?18.W: My boys are always complaining that they ' re bored.M: Whydon't you get them into some team sports? My son and daughter play soccer every Saturday. And they both look forward to it all week.Q: What does the man mean?Questions 19 to 21 are based on the conversation you have just heard.W: I don ' t know what to do. I can ' t seem to get anyone in the hospital tolisten to my complaints and this outdated equipment is dangerous. Just look at it.M: Hmm, uh, are you trying to say that it presents a health hazard?W: Yes, I am. The head technician in the lab tried to persuade the hospital administration to replace it, but they are trying to cut costs.M: You are pregnant, aren ' t you?W: Yes, I am. I made an effort to get my supervisor to transfer me to another department, but he urged me not to complain too loudly. Because the administration is more likely to replace me than an X-ray equipment, I ' m afraid to refuse to work. But I ' m more afraid to expose my unborn child to the radiation.M: I see what you mean. Well, as your union representative, I have to warn you that it would take quite a while to force management to replace the old machines and attempt to get you transferred may or may not be successful.W: Oh, what am I supposed to do then?M: Workers have the legal right to refuse certain unsafe work assignments under two federal laws, the Occupation or Safety and Health Act and the National Labor Relations Act. But the requirements of either of the Acts may be difficult to meet.W: Do you think I have a good case?M: If you do lose your job, the union will fight to get it back for you along with back pay, your lost income. But you have to be prepared for a long wait, maybe after two years.Q19. What does the woman complain about?Q20. What has the woman asked her supervisor to do?Q21. What does the man say about the two federal laws?Q22. What will the union do if the woman loses her jobQuestions 22 to 25 are based on the conversation you have just heard.W: Mr. Green, is it fair to say that negotiation is an art?M: Well, I think it ' s both an art and science. You can prepare for a negotiation quite scientifically, but the execution of the negotiation has quite a lot to do with one' s artistic q uality. The scientific part of a negotiation is in determiningyour strategy. What do you want out of it? What can you give? Then of course there are tactics. Howdo you go about it? Do you take an opening position in a negotiation which differs from the eventual goal you are heading for? And then of course there are the behavioral aspects.W: What do you mean by the behavioral aspects?M: Well, that ' s I think where the art comes in. In your behavior, you can either be an actor. You can pretend that you don' t like things which you are actually quite pleased about. Or you can pretend to like things which you are quite happy to do without. Or you can be the honest type negotiator who ' s known to his partners in negotiation and always plays everything straight. But the artistic part of negotiation I think has to do with responding immediately to cues one gets in the process of negotiation. These can be verbal cues or even body language. This is where the artistic quality comes in.W: So really, you see two types of negotiator then, the actor or the honest one.M: That ' right. And both can work. I would say the honest negotiator can be quite effective in some circumstances. In other circumstances you need an actor.Q23. When is a scientific approach best embodied in a negotiation according to the man?Q24. In what way is a negotiator like an actor according to the man?Q25. What does the man say about the two types of negotiator?Section BDirections: In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the center.Passage 1Questions 26 to 28 are based on the passage you have just heard.Since I started working part-time at a grocery store, I have learned that a customer is more than someonewho buys something. To me, a customer is a person whose memory fails entirely once he or she starts to push a shopping cart. One of the first things customers forget is how to count. There is no other way to explain how so many people get in their express line, which is clearly marked 15 items or less, with 20, 25 or even a cart load of items. Customers also forget why they came to the store in the first place. Just as I finish ringing up an order, a customer will say, “ Oops, I forgot to pick up a fresh loaf of bread. I hope you don' t mind waiting while I go get it. ” Five minutes later, he is back with the bread, a bottle of milk, and three rolls of paper towels. Strange as it seems, customers also seem to forget that they have to pay for their groceries. Instead of writing a check or looking for a credit card while I am ringing up the groceries, my customers will wait untilI announce the total. Then, in surprise, she says, “ Oh no, what did I do with my check book?” After 5 minutes of digging through her purse, she borrows my pen because she' s forgotten hers. But I have to be tolerant of customers because they pay my salary, and that ' s something I can ' t afford to forget.Q26. What does the speaker say about customers ' entering the grocery store?Q27. Which customers are supposed to be in the express line?Q28. What does the speaker say some customers do when they arrive at the check-out counter?Q29. What does the speaker say about his job at the end of the talk?Passage 2Questions 29 to 31 are based on the passage you have just heard.The speech delivery style of Europeans and Asians tends to be very formal.Speakers of these cultures often read oral presentations from carefully written manuscripts. On the other hand, American speakers are generally more informal relative to speakers in other cultures. American audiences prefer natural, spontaneous delivery that conveys a lively sense of communication. They don't relate well to speakers who read from a manuscript. If you use an outline of your ideas instead of a prepared text, your speech will not only sound more natural, but you will also be able to establish better relationship with your listeners and keep their attention. The language and style you use when making an oral presentation should not be the same as the language and style you use when writing. Well-written information, that is meant to be read, does not work as well when it is heard. It is, therefore, important for you to adapt written texts or outlines for presentations.Good speakers are much more informal when speaking than when writing. They also use their own words and develop their own speaking styles. Whenever possible, they use short words. Listeners appreciate it when speakers use simple, everyday words in a presentation. One advantage is that it' s much easier for speakers to pronounceshort words correctly. Another is that long and sophisticated vocabulary choices make listening more difficult.Question 30 to 3230. What does the speaker say American audiences prefer?31. What should one pay attention to when making an oral presentation?32. What does the speaker focus on in the talk?Passage 3Questions 32 to 35 are based on the passage you have just heard.Let children learn to judge their own work. A child learning to talk does notlearn by being corrected all the time. If corrected too much, he will stop talking. He compares a thousand times a day the difference between language as he uses it and language as those around him use it. Bit by bit, he makes the necessary changes to make his language like other people 's. In the same way, kids learning to do all the other things they learn without adult teachers, to walk, run, climb, ride a bike, play games, compare their own performance with what more skilled people do, and slowly make the needed changes. But in school we never give a child a chance to detect his mistakes. We do it all for him. We act as if we thought he would never noticea mistake unless it was pointed out to him. Soon he becomes dependent on the expert. Weshould let him do it himself. Let him figure out, with the help of other children if he wants it, what this word says, what is the answer to that problem, whether this is a good way of saying or doing this or that. If right answers need to be given, as in mathematics or science, give him the answer book. Let him correct his own papers. Why should we teachers waste time on such tedious work? Our job should be to help children when they tell us that they can ' t find a way to get the right answer.Question 33 to 3533. How does a child learn to do something according to the speaker?34. What belief do teachers commonly hold according to the speaker?35. What does the speaker imply about the current way of teaching?Section CDirections: In this section, you will hear a passage three times. When the passage is read for the first time, you should listen carefully for its general idea. When the passage is read for the second time, you are required to fill in the blanks numbered from 36 to43 with the exact words you have just heard. Fo r blanks numbered from 44 to 46 you are required to fill in the missing inform ation. For these blanks, you can either use the exact words you have just hear d or write down the main points in your own words. Finally, when the passage i s read for the third time, you should check what you have written.(听力原文)Time is, for the average American, of utmost importanee. To theforeig n visitor, America ns seem to be more concerned with gett ing things accomplished on time (accord ing to a predeterm ined schedule) tha n they are with developing deep interpersonalrelations. Schedules, for the American, are meant tobe pla nned and the n followed in the smallest detail. It may seem to you that most America ns are completely con trolled by the little mach ines they wear on their wrists,cutting their discussions off abruptly to make it to their next appointment on time. America ns ' Ian guage is filled with refere nces to time, givi ng a clear in dicati onof how muchit is valued. Time is something to be “on, ” to be “kept, ”“filled, ”saved, wasted, gain ed, pla nn ed, give n, made the most of,even “ killed. ” The international visitor soon learns that it is considered very rude to be late -- even by 10 minutes -- for an appointment in America. Time is so valued in America, because by considering time to be important one can clearly achieve more than if one “ wastes ” time and doesn ' t keep busy. This philosophyhas prove n its worth. It has en abled America ns to be extremely productive, and productivity itself is highly valued in America. Many American proverbs stress the value of guarding time, using it wisely, and setting and working toward specific goals. America ns believe in spe nding their time and en ergy today so that the fruits of their labor may be enjoyed at a later time.Part IV Read ing Comprehe nsion (Readi ng in Depth)Sectio n ADirections: In this sect ion, there is a passage with ten bla nks. You are required to select one word for each bla nk from a list of choices give n in a wordbank follow ing the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making yourchoices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the correspondingletter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may notuse any of the words in the bank more tha n once.Questi ons 47 to 56 is based on the follow ing passage.So many people use the cell phones so freque ntly every day. But 47 little _________is certa in about the health effects of its use. Manufacturers 48 that cell ___________phones meet gover nment sta ndards for safe radio-freque ncy radiati on emissi on, but eno ugh studies are begi nning to docume nt a possible 49 in rare brain tumors (脑瘤),headaches and behavioral disorders in children to cause concern. So far, theevide nee isn ' t 50 on whether the use of cell phones 51 to any in creasedrisk of can cer . In a new trial, researchers asked 47 volun teers to 52 in a _______ project to censure glucose (葡萄糖)consumption in the brain by scanning the brain to see how cells use energy. For both 50-minute scans, the volunteers had a cellphone 53 to each ear. During the first scan, the devices were turned off, but for the sec ond sca n, the phone on the right ear was 54 on and received arecorded-message call, although the volume was muted (消音) so the no ise would n 't bias the results. The results of the second scan showed that the 55 of the brain n earest to the device had higher rates of glucose con sumpti on tha n the restof the brain. The study shows that cell phones can cha nge brain activity,and 56 a whole new avenue for scientific inquiry, though it doesn ' t say anything about whether cell-ph one radiati on can cause cancer.Section B ( 略)Part V Cloze (略)Part W Tran slati onDirections: Complete the sentences by tran slat ing into En glish the Chin esegive n in brackets. Please write your tran slati on on An swer Sheet 2注意：此部分试题清在答题卡2上作答，只需写出译文部分。

绝密★启用前2012年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（天津卷）英语听力试卷A第一节（共5小题；每小题1分，满分5分）听下面五段对话。

每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。

听完每段对话后，你将有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。

每段对话仅读一遍。

例：How much is the shirt?E.£19.15. B.£9.15. C.£9.18.答案为B。

1．Why was George at the hospital?A．His wife was sick.B．His wife just had a baby.C．He was visiting his daughter.2．What is Robert’s occupation now?A．Novelist.B．Reporter.C．Secretary.3．What does the man plan to do in five years?A．To leave the company.B．To manage the company.C．To start his own company.4．What does the woman imply?A．She doesn’t appreciate John’s humor.B．She used to understand John’s humor.C．She doesn’t have any sense of humor.5．What is the man’s reaction to the woman’s words?A．Anger.B．Impatience.C．Surprise.第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）听下面几段材料。

每段材料后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。

2012年12月n1阅读解析1.引言在2012年12月的n1阅读考试中，各位考生们将会面对一系列考题，本文将对其中的重点内容进行解析，帮助大家更好地应对考试。

本文将围绕以下几个方面进行讲解：阅读理解题的解题技巧、常见的题型类型以及解题思路。

2.阅读理解题的解题技巧首先，我们来讨论一下解答阅读理解题的一些常用技巧。

2.1注意题目关键词阅读理解题通常会在问题中包含一些关键词，比如"主要观点是"、"作者认为"等等。

在解题过程中，我们应该着重寻找文章中与这些关键词相关的内容，这样可以更快、更准确地找到正确的答案。

2.2多次阅读阅读理解题的文章通常比较长，为了更好地理解文章的内容，建议考生在解题前多次阅读。

第一次阅读可以帮助我们了解文章主题，第二次阅读则可以更深入地理解文章细节，为后面的解题提供便利。

2.3找到文章结构阅读理解题中，往往存在一些描述事物顺序、因果关系或者对比等的词语。

通过找到这些词语，我们可以更好地理清文章的结构，从而快速准确地回答问题。

3.常见的题型类型下面，我们将会介绍一些常见的题型类型，并给出解题思路。

3.1主旨题主旨题是阅读理解题中最常见的题型之一。

在回答这类题目时，我们需要关注文章的标题、首尾段以及作者对于某个观点的介绍等。

同时，通过找出文章的中心思想，我们也可以帮助自己更好地理解文章的内容。

3.2事实细节题事实细节题要求我们根据文章中的具体细节来回答问题。

在解答这类题目时，我们需要注意文章的细节描述、数字、日期等内容，同时可以通过排除法来确定正确答案。

3.3推理判断题推理判断题要求我们通过对文章的阅读，进行逻辑推理，并给出正确的判断。

在解答这类题目时，我们需要仔细分析文章中的信息和观点，提炼出有效的线索，结合自己的逻辑思考，作出准确的判断。

3.4词义猜测题词义猜测题要求我们根据上下文的语境，猜测某个词的意思。

在解答这类题目时，我们需要通过上下文的提示，对比词语的使用环境，猜测词语的准确含义。

沪江日语绿宝书之2012年12月新日本語能力試験2級听力原文問題5問題5では、長めの話を聞きます。

この問題には練習はありません。

問題用紙にメモを取ってもかまいません。

1番、2番、問題用紙に何も印刷されていません。

まず話を聞いてください。

それから、質問と選択肢を聞いて、1から4の中から最もよいものを一つ選んでください。

１番正解：3男の人と女の人がレストランについて話しています。

M:山本さんの結婚お祝い会をするお店んなんだけど、どんなとこがいいかな。

F:そうね。

参加者が全部で30人で、予算は一人5000円ぐらいまでかな。

落ち着いて話ができるところがいいねえ。

M:そうだなあ。

レストランミラノは？ミラノだったら、予算内でおいしいイタリア料理が食べられるよ。

あっ、でもスペースが厳しいかも。

そんなに入らないなあ。

F:そう。

それじゃあねえ。

M:うーん。

それから、金沢っていう日本料理屋もいいよ。

古い家が店になってて、広い庭もあるし、落ち着いた感じだよ。

F:よさそうねえ。

でも、予算、大丈夫？M:ああ、5000円じゃきかないねえ。

それだったら、桜ホテルのレストランはどうかな。

ホテルの中庭にあって、雰囲気がいいよ。

あそこなら、入れそうだし。

F:ホテルなら、集まりやすいしねえ。

M:うん。

そうそう、船でパーティができるところもあるよ。

未来まるっていう船。

料理はバイキング形式で、フランス料理から和食まで何でもあるけど、立食スタイルだから、座って話せないねえ。

F:やっぱり結婚のお祝いだから、ゆっくり話せるところがいいねえ。

二人はどの店を選びますか。

1レストランミラノ2金沢3桜ホテル4未来まる2番正解：3母親と姉と弟が語学留学について話しています。

M:お母さん、夏休みの語学留学のことだけど、大学で、パンフレットもらってきたんだ。

Ｆ:あら、そう。

M:うん。

この学校、去年お姉ちゃんが行ったとこだよね。

ね、どうだった？Ｆ2：うん、よかったよ。

开始—33’49’-1’082012年12月日语N1听力解析問題１課題理解题1’09-1’32 例子 01’32-03’03 开始03’10 -12’45問題１ではまず質問を聞いてください。

それから話を聞いて、問題用紙の１から４の中から、もっともよいものを１つ選んでください。

1番正解：21山川→キム→林→田中2山川→林→キム→田中3キム→林→山川→田中4林→キム→山川→田中大学の陸上部のコーチとキャプテンが話しています。

キャプテンはリレーの順番をどうしますか。

男：田中、来週の試吅で四人順番に走るリレーのことなんだが、選手を選びを仸せていたよな。

決まったか。

女：はい、コーチ。

この四人に決めました。

このメモ、見てください。

男：うんうん。

女：順番はどうしましょうか。

男：一年生のキム、二年生の林、三年生の山川、田中か。

田中、君はいつもどおり、最後を頼むよ。

女：はい、わかりました。

私の前は、いつもどおり山川でいいでしょうか。

きっこう男：そうだな。

あっ、ちょっと待てよ。

最近、山川の調子がいいからなあ。

今回はほかのチームとのレベルが拮抗してるから、スタートでリードできるように、山川を最初にしたらどうだ。

女：はい、次にキム、林でしょうか。

男：キムはコーナーが得意だから、林と入れ替えるか。

女：そうですね。

わかりました。

キャプテンはリレーの順番をどうしますか。

正解：2解题要点：队长要怎样安排接力的顺序？队长为田中，跑最后一棒。

山川最近状态不错，所以跑第一棒，金擅长弯道，所以和林的顺序调换，先是林，后是金。

2番1しゅうしょくサイトに登録する2しゅうしょく課に相談する3しゅうしょく関連の本を読む4証明写真を撮る大学で男の学生と女の学生が話しています。

男の学生はまず何をしますか。

男：就職活動、もう始めた？女：まあねえ。

早く始めたほうがいいからね。

就職支援サイトにも登録したよ。

男：それってインターネットの？いろんな企業の就職情報が載ってる。

沪江日语绿宝书之2012年12月日语能力考试N1听力原文----听力原文----問題３1番正解:2会社の会議で男の人が話しています。

男：昨日午後四時十分、当社のオンラインショップがダウンしました、原因は新たに取り扱いを始めた有名店の限定チョコレートの販売開始直後、予想以上の人気で、処理能力を超えるアクセスが集中したためです。

通常、お客様は商品を選択した後、配送先を指定するのですが、この配送先の画面にアクセスできない。

または、画面が表示されるまでに時間がかかるなどの障害が発生しました。

五時半には復旧しましたが、これまでに50件強の苦情がありました。

幸い、注文件数には大きな影響はありませんでしたが、販売方法の改善が必要かどうかについては現在検討中です。

男の人はオンラインショップの何について報告していますか。

１売り上げが下がったこと２販売システムで問題が起きたこと３取り扱い商品の在庫が不足したこと４配送方法の改善が必要なこと2番正解：3駅前で市議会議員が演説をしています。

皆さん、佐倉市の公園についてどのようにお考えでしょうか。

緑ある公園は子供の健全な遊び場、市民の憩いの場として必要不可欠です。

町の中に緑を配置することで生活も潤います。

これらは小規模公園でも賄うことができますが、都市環境の向上を考えた場合、小学校の校庭程度の大規模公園が必要です。

大規模公園はそれだけではなく、災害時の避難場所として、また、町の資産価値を高めるためにも欠かすことはできないのです。

しかし、残念ながら、わが佐倉市にはこのような役割を担う公園がありません。

駅前の工場跡地は絶好の場所だと考えます。

議員は何を主張していますか。

１今ある公園の価値を高めること２小さい公園を増やすこと３大きい公園を作ること４小学校の校庭を広くすること3番正解：２講演会で女の人が話しています。

女：これは私の知人のアメリカ人の話なんですが、彼はラジオを聞いて、あの司会者はいい人だとか、このタレントは美しい日本語を話すとか言って、何人かの話し手をひいきにしています。

2012年考研英语一真题原文及答案解析完整版Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)The ethical judgments of the Supreme Court justices have become an important issue recently. The court cannot _1_ its legitimacy as guardian of the rule of law _2_ justices behave like politicians. Yet, in several instances, justices acted in ways that _3_ the court’s reputation for being independent and impartial.Justice Antonin Scalia, for example, appeared at political events. That kind of activity makes it less likely that the court’s decisions will be _4_ as impartial judgments. Part of the problem is that the justices are not _5_by an ethics code. At the very least, the court should make itself _6_to the code of conduct that _7_to the rest of the federal judiciary.This and other similar cases _8_the question of whether there is still a _9_between the court and politics.The framers of the Constitution envisioned law _10_having authority apart from politics. They gave justices permanent positions _11_they would be free to _12_ those in power and have no need to _13_ political support. Our legal system was designed to set law apart from politics precisely because they are so closely _14_.Constitutional law is political because it results from choices rooted in fundamental social _15_ like liberty and property. When the court deals with social policy decisions, the law it _16_ is inescapably political-which is why decisions split along ideological lines are so easily _17_ as unjust.The justices must _18_ doubts about the court’s legitimacy by making themselves _19_ to the code of conduct. That would make rulings more likely to be seen as separate from politics and, _20_, convincing as law.1. [A]emphasize [B]maintain [C]modify [D] recognize2. [A]when [B]lest [C]before [D] unless3. [A]restored [B]weakened [C]established [D] eliminated4. [A]challenged [B]compromised [C]suspected [D] accepted5. [A]advanced [B]caught [C]bound [D]founded6. [A]resistant [B]subject [C]immune [D]prone7. [A]resorts [B]sticks [C]loads [D]applies8. [A]evade [B]raise [C]deny [D]settle9. [A]line [B]barrier [C]similarity [D]conflict10. [A]by [B]as [C]though [D]towards11. [A]so [B]since [C]provided [D]though12. [A]serve [B]satisfy [C]upset [D]replace13. [A]confirm [B]express [C]cultivate [D]offer14. [A]guarded [B]followed [C]studied [D]tied15. [A]concepts [B]theories [C]divisions [D]conceptions16. [A]excludes [B]questions [C]shapes [D]controls17. [A]dismissed [B]released [C]ranked [D]distorted18. [A]suppress [B]exploit [C]address [D]ignore19. [A]accessible [B]amiable [C]agreeable [D]accountable20. [A]by all mesns [B]atall costs [C]in a word [D]as a resultSection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40 points)Text 1Come on -Everybody’s doing it. That whispered message, half invitation and half forcing, is what most of us think of when we hear the words peer pressure. It usually leads to nogood-drinking, drugs and casual sex. But in her new book Join the Club, Tina Rosenberg contendsthat peer pressure can also be a positive force through what she calls the social cure, in which organizations and officials use the power of group dynamics to help individuals improve their lives and possibly the word.Rosenberg, the recipient of a Pulitzer Prize, offers a host of example of the social cure in action: In South Carolina, a state-sponsored antismoking program called Rage Against the Haze sets out to make cigarettes uncool. In South Africa, an HIV-prevention initiative known as LoveLife recruits young people to promote safe sex among their peers.The idea seems promising，and Rosenberg is a perceptive observer. Her critique of the lameness of many pubic-health campaigns is spot-on: they fail to mobilize peer pressure for healthy habits, and they demonstrate a seriously flawed understanding of psychology.〞Dare to be different, please don’t smoke!〞pleads one billboard campaign aimed at reducing smoking among teenagers-teenagers, who desire nothing more than fitting in. Rosenberg argues convincingly that public-health advocates ought to take a page from advertisers, so skilled at applying peer pressure.But on the general effectiveness of the social cure, Rosenberg is less persuasive. Join the Club is filled with too much irrelevant detail and not enough exploration of the social and biological factors that make peer pressure so powerful. The most glaring flaw of the social cure as it’s presented here is that it doesn’t work very well for very long. Rage Against the Haze failed once state funding was cut. Evidence that the LoveLife program produces lasting changes is limited and mixed.There’s no doubt that our peer groups exert enormous influence on our behavior. An emerging body of research shows that positive health habits-as well as negative ones-spread through networks of friends via social communication. This is a subtle form of peer pressure: we unconsciously imitate the behavior we see every day.Far less certain, however, is how successfully experts and bureaucrats can select our peer groups and steer their activities in virtuous directions. It’s like the teacher who breaks up the troublemakers in the back row by pairing them with better-behaved classmates. The tactic never really works. And that’s the problem with a so cial cure engineered from the outside: in the real world, as in school, we insist on choosing our own friends.21. According to the first paragraph, peer pressure often emerges as[A] a supplement to the social cure[B] a stimulus to group dynamics[C] an obstacle to school progress[D] a cause of undesirable behaviors22. Rosenberg holds that public advocates should[A] recruit professional advertisers[B] learn from advertisers’ experience[C] stay away from commercial advertisers[D] recognize the limitations of advertisements23. In the author’s view, Rosenberg’s book fails to[A] adequately probe social and biological factors[B] effectively evade the flaws of the social cure[C] illustrate the functions of state funding[D]produce a long-lasting social effect24. Paragraph 5shows that our imitation of behaviors[A] is harmful to our networks of friends[B] will mislead behavioral studies[C] occurs without our realizing it[D] can produce negative health habits25. The author suggests in the last paragraph that the effect of peer pressure is[A] harmful[B] desirable[C] profound[D] questionableSection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40 points)Text 1Come on -Everybody’s doing it. That whispered message, half invitation and half forcing, is what most of us think of when we hear the words peer pressure. It usually leads to nogood-drinking, drugs and casual sex. But in her new book Join the Club, Tina Rosenberg contends that peer pressure can also be a positive force through what she calls the social cure, in which organizations and officials use the power of group dynamics to help individuals improve their lives and possibly the word.Rosenberg, the recipient of a Pulitzer Prize, offers a host of example of the social cure in action: In South Carolina, a state-sponsored antismoking program called Rage Against the Haze sets out to make cigarettes uncool. In South Africa, an HIV-prevention initiative known as LoveLife recruits young people to promote safe sex among their peers.The idea seems promising，and Rosenberg is a perceptive observer. Her critique of the lameness of many pubic-health campaigns is spot-on: they fail to mobilize peer pressure for healthy habits, and they demonstrate a seriously flawed understanding of psychology.〞Dare to be different, please don’t smoke!〞pleads one billboard campaign aimed at reducing smoking among teenagers-teenagers, who desire nothing more than fitting in. Rosenberg argues convincingly that public-health advocates ought to take a page from advertisers, so skilled at applying peer pressure.But on the general effectiveness of the social cure, Rosenberg is less persuasive. Join the Club is filled with too much irrelevant detail and not enough exploration of the social and biological factors that make peer pressure so powerful. The most glaring flaw of the social cure as i t’s presented here is that it doesn’t work very well for very long. Rage Against the Haze failed once state funding was cut. Evidence that the LoveLife program produces lasting changes is limited and mixed.There’s no doubt that our peer groups exert enor mous influence on our behavior. An emerging body of research shows that positive health habits-as well as negative ones-spread through networks of friends via social communication. This is a subtle form of peer pressure: we unconsciously imitate the behavior we see every day.Far less certain, however, is how successfully experts and bureaucrats can select our peer groups and steer their activities in virtuous directions. It’s like the teacher who breaks up the troublemakers in the back row by pairing them with better-behaved classmates. The tactic never really works. And that’s the problem with a social cure engineered from the outside: in the real world, as in school, we insist on choosing our own friends.21. According to the first paragraph, peer pressure often emerges as[A] a supplement to the social cure[B] a stimulus to group dynamics[C] an obstacle to school progress[D] a cause of undesirable behaviors22. Rosenberg holds that public advocates should[A] recruit professional advertisers[B] learn from advertisers’ experience[C] stay away from commercial advertisers[D] recognize the limitations of advertisements23. In the author’s view, Rosenberg’s book fails to[A] adequately probe social and biological factors[B] effectively evade the flaws of the social cure[C] illustrate the functions of state funding[D]produce a long-lasting social effect24. Paragraph 5shows that our imitation of behaviors[A] is harmful to our networks of friends[B] will mislead behavioral studies[C] occurs without our realizing it[D] can produce negative health habits25. The author suggests in the last paragraph that the effect of peer pressure is[A] harmful[B] desirable[C] profound[D] questionableText 3In the idealized version of how science is done, facts about the world are waiting to be observed and collected by objective researchers who use the scientific method to carry out their work. But in the everyday practice of science, discovery frequently follows an ambiguous and complicated route. We aim to be objective, but we cannot escape the context of our unique life experience. Prior knowledge and interest influence what we experience, what we think our experiences mean, and the subsequent actions we take. Opportunities for misinterpretation, error, and self-deception abound.Consequently, discovery claims should be thought of as protoscience. Similar to newly staked mining claims, they are full of potential. But it takes collective scrutiny and acceptance to transform a discovery claim into a mature discovery. This is the credibility process, through which the individual researcher’s me, here, now becomes the community’s anyone, anywhere, anytime. Objective knowledge is the goal, not the starting point.Once a discovery claim becomes public, the discoverer receives intellectual credit. But, unlike with mining claims, the community takes control of what happens next. Within the complex social structure of the scientific community, researchers make discoveries; editors and reviewers act as gatekeepers by controlling the publication process; other scientists use the new finding to suit their own purposes; and finally, the public (including other scientists) receives the new discovery and possibly accompanying technology. As a discovery claim works it through the community, the interaction and confrontation between shared and competing beliefs about the science and the technology involved transforms an individual’s discovery claim into the community’s credible discovery.Two paradoxes exist throughout this credibility process. First, scientific work tends to focus on some aspect of prevailing Knowledge that is viewed as incomplete or incorrect. Little reward accompanies duplication and confirmation of what is already known and believed. The goal is new-search, not re-search. Not surprisingly, newly published discovery claims and credible discoveries that appear to be important and convincing will always be open to challenge and potential modification or refutation by future researchers. Second, novelty itself frequently provokes disbelief. Nobel Laureate and physiologist Albert Azent-Gyorgyi once described discovery as “seeing what everybody has seen and thinking what nobody has thought.〞But thinking what nobody else has thought and telling others what they have missed may not change their views. Sometimes years are required for truly novel discovery claims to be accepted and appreciated.In the end, credibility “happens〞to a discovery claim - a process that corresponds to what philosopher Annette Baier has described as the commons of the mind. “We reason together, challenge, revise, and complete each other’s reasoning and each other’s conceptions of reason.〞31. According to the first paragraph, the process of discovery is characterized by its[A] uncertainty and complexity.[B] misconception and deceptiveness.[C] logicality and objectivity.[D] systematicness and regularity.32. It can be inferred from Paragraph 2 that credibility process requires[A] strict inspection.[B]shared efforts.[C] individual wisdom.[D]persistent innovation.33.Paragraph 3 shows that a discovery claim becomes credible after it[A] has attracted the attention of the general public.[B]has been examined by the scientific community.[C] has received recognition from editors and reviewers.[D]has been frequently quoted by peer scientists.34. Albert Szent-Gy?rgyi would most likely agree that[A] scientific claims will survive challenges.[B]discoveries today inspire future research.[C] efforts to make discoveries are justified.[D]scientific work calls for a critical mind.35.Which of the following would be the best title of the test?[A] Novelty as an Engine of Scientific Development.[B]Collective Scrutiny in Scientific Discovery.[C] Evolution of Credibility in Doing Science.[D]Challenge to Credibility at the Gate to Science.Text 4If the trade unionist Jimmy Hoffa were alive today, he would probably represent civil servant. When Hoffa’s Teamsters were in their prime in 1960, only one in ten American government workers belonged to a union; now 36% do. In 2009 the number of unionists in America’s public sector passed that of their fellow members in the private sector. In Britain, more than half of public-sector workers but only about 15% of private-sector ones are unionized.There are three reasons for the public-sector unions’ thrivi ng. First, they can shut things down without suffering much in the way of consequences. Second, they are mostly bright and well-educated. A quarter of America’s public-sector workers have a university degree. Third, they now dominate left-of-centre politic s. Some of their ties go back a long way. Britain’s Labor Party, as its name implies, has long been associated with trade unionism. Its current leader, Ed Miliband, owes his position to votes from public-sector unions.At the state level their influence can be even more fearsome. Mark Baldassare of the Public Policy Institute of California points out that much of the state’s budget is patrolled by unions. The teachers’ unions keep an eye on schools, the CCPOA on prisons and a variety of labor groups on health care.In many rich countries average wages in the state sector are higher than in the private one. But the real gains come in benefits and work practices. Politicians have repeatedly “backloaded〞public-sector pay deals, keeping the pay increases modest but adding to holidays and especially pensions that are already generous.Reform has been vigorously opposed, perhaps most egregiously in education, where charter schools, academies and merit pay all faced drawn-out battles. Even though there is plenty of evidence that the quality of the teachers is the most important variable, teachers’ unions have fought against getting rid of bad ones and promoting good ones.As the cost to everyone else has become clearer, politicians have begun to clamp down. In Wisconsin the unions have rallied thousands of supporters against Scott Walker, the hardline Republican governor. But many within the public sector suffer under the current system, too.John Donahue at Harvard’s Kennedy School points out that the norms of culture in Western civil services suit those who want to stay put but is bad for high achievers. The only American public-sector workers who earn well above $250,000 a year are university sports coaches and the president of the United States. Bankers’ fat pay packets have attracted much criticism, but a public-sector system that does not reward high achievers may be a much bigger problem for America.36. It can be learned from the first paragraph that[A] Teamsters still have a large body of members.[B] Jimmy Hoffa used to work as a civil servant.[C] unions have enlarged their public-sector membership.[D]the government has improved its relationship with unionists.37. Which of the following is true of Paragraph 2?[A] Public-sector unions are prudent in taking actions.[B] Education is required for public-sector union membership.[C] Labor Party has long been fighting against public-sector unions.[D]Public-sector unions seldom get in trouble for their actions.38. It can be learned from Paragraph 4 that the income in the state sector is[A] illegally secured.[B] indirectly augmented.[C] excessively increased.[D]fairly adjusted.39. The example of the unions in Wisconsin shows that unions[A]often run against the current political system.[B]can change people’s political attitudes.[C]may be a barrier to public-sector reforms.[D]are dominant in the government.40. John Donahue’s attitude towards the public-sector system is one of[A]disapproval.[B]appreciation.[C]tolerance.[D]indifference.Part BDirections:In the following text, some sentences have been removed. For Questions 41-45, choose the most suitable one from the list A-G to fit into each of the numbered blanks. There are two extra choices, which do not fit in any of the blanks. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET1.(10 points)Think of those fleeting moments when you look out of an aeroplane window and realise that you are flying, higher than a bird. Now think of your laptop, thinner than a brown-paper envelope, or your cellphone in the palm of your hand. Take a moment or two to wonder at those marvels. You are the lucky inheritor of a dream come true.The second half of the 20th century saw a collection of geniuses, warriors, entrepreneurs and visionaries labour to create a fabulous machine that could function as a typewriter and printing press, studio and theatre, paintbrush and gallery, piano and radio, the mail as well as the mail carrier. (41)The networked computer is an amazing device, the first media machine that serves as the mode of production, means of distribution, site of reception, and place of praise and critique. The computer is the 21st century's culture machine.But for all the reasons there are to celebrate the computer, we must also tread with caution.(42)I call it a secret war for two reasons. First, most people do not realise that there are strong commercial agendas at work to keep them in passive consumption mode. Second, the majority of people who use networked computers to upload are not even aware of the significance of what they are doing.All animals download, but only a few upload. Beavers build dams and birds make nests. Yet for the most part, the animal kingdom moves through the world downloading. Humans are unique in their capacity to not only make tools but then turn around and use them to create superfluous material goods - paintings, sculpture and architecture - and superfluous experiences - music, literature, religion and philosophy. (43)For all the possibilities of our new culture machines, most people are still stuck in download mode. Even after the advent of widespread social media, a pyramid of production remains, with a small number of people uploading material, a slightly larger group commenting on or modifying that content, and a huge percentage remaining content to just consume. (44)Television is a one-way tap flowing into our homes. The hardest task that television asks of anyone is to turn the power off after he has turned it on.(45)What counts as meaningful uploading? My definition revolves around the concept of "stickiness" - creations and experiences to which others adhere.[A] Of course, it is precisely these superfluous things that define human culture and ultimately what it is to be human. Downloading and consuming culture requires great skills, but failing to move beyond downloading is to strip oneself of a defining constituent of humanity.[B] Applications like tumblr , which allow users to combine pictures, words and other media in creative ways and then share them, have the potential to add stickiness by amusing, entertaining and enlightening others.[C] Not only did they develop such a device but by the turn of the millennium they had also managed to embed it in a worldwide system accessed by billions of people every day.[D] This is because the networked computer has sparked a secret war between downloading and uploading - between passive consumption and active creation - whose outcome will shape our collective future in ways we can only begin to imagine.[E] The challenge the computer mounts to television thus bears little similarity to one format being replaced by another in the manner of record players being replaced by CD players.[F] One reason for the persistence of this pyramid of production is that for the pasthalf-century, much of the world's media culture has been defined by a single medium - television - and television is defined by downloading.[G]The networked computer offers the first chance in 50 years to reverse the flow, to encourage thoughtful downloading and, even more importantly, meaningful uploading.Part CDirections:Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (10 points)Since the days of Aristotle, a search for universal principles has characterized the scientific enterprise. In some ways, this quest for commonalities defines science. Newton’s laws of motion and Darwinian evolution each bind a host of different phenomena into a single explicatory frame work.(46)In physics, one approach takes this impulse for unification to its extreme, and seeks a theory of everything-a single generative equation for all we is becoming less clear, however, that such a theory would be a simplification, given the dimensions and universes that it might entail, nonetheless, unification of sorts remains a major goal.This tendency in the natural sciences has long been evident in the social sciences too. (47)Here, Darwinism seems to offer justification for it all humans share common origins it seems reasonable to suppose that cultural diversity could also be traced to more constrained beginnings. Just as the bewildering variety of human courtship rituals might all be considered forms of sexual selection, perhaps the world’s languages, music, social and religious customs and even hi story are governed by universal features. (48)To filter out what is unique from what is shared might enableus to understand how complex cultural behavior arose and what guides it in evolutionary or cognitive terms.That, at least, is the hope. But a comparative study of linguistic traits published online today supplies a reality check. Russell Gray at the University of Auckland and his colleagues consider the evolution of grammars in the light of two previous attempts to find universality in language.The most famous of these efforts was initiated by Noam Chomsky, who suggested that humans are born with an innate language-acquisition capacity that dictates a universal grammar. A few generative rules are then sufficient to unfold the entire fundamental structure of a language, which is why children can learn it so quickly.(49)The second, by Joshua Greenberg, takes a more empirical approach to universality identifying traits (particularly in word order) shared by many language which are considered to represent biases that result from cognitive constraintsGray and his colleagues have put them to the test by examining four family trees that between them represent more than 2,000 languages.(50)Chomsky’s grammar should show patterns of language change that are independent of the family tree or the pathway tracked through it. Whereas Greenbergian universality predicts strong co-dependencies between particular types of word-order relations. Neither of these patterns is borne out by the analysis, suggesting that the structures of the languages are lire age-specific and not governed by universalsSection III WritingPart A51. Directions:Some internationals students are coming to your university. Write them an email in the name of the Students’ Union to1) extend your welcome and2) provide some suggestions for their campus life here.You should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET2.Do not sign your name at the end of the letter. Use “Li Ming〞instead.Do not write the address(10 points)Part B52. Directions: write an essay of 160-200 words based on the following drawing. In your essay you should1) describe the drawing briefly2) explain its intended meaning, and3) give your commentsYou should write neatly on ANSWER SHEET2.(20 points)答案解析：1.【答案】B【解析】从空后信息可以看出，这句表达的是"_ _法官表现得像政治家"的情况下，法庭就不能保持其作为法律法规的合法卫士的形象，所以应该选C,maintain"维持，保持"，其他显然语义不通。

2012年高考英语试题及答案（江苏卷）第一部分:听力(共两节,满分20 分)做题时,先将答案标在试卷上。

录音内容结束后,你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。

第一节(共5 小题;每小题1 分,满分5分)听下面5 段对话。

每段对话后有一个小题,从题中所给的A、B、C 三个选项中选出最佳选项,并标在试卷的相应位置。

听完每段对话后,你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。

每段对话仅读一遍。

例: How much is the shirt?A. ￡19. 15.B. ￡9. 15.C. ￡9. 18.答案是B。

1. Where does this conversation probably take place?A. In a bookstore.B. In a classroom.C. In a library.2. At what time will the film begin?A. 7:20.B. 7:15.C. 7:00.3. What are the two speakers mainly talking about?A. Their friend Jane.B. A weekend trip.C. A radio programme.4. What will the woman probably do?A. Catch a train.B. See the man off.C. Go shopping.5. Why did the woman apologize?A. She made a late delivery.B. She went to the wrong place.C. She couldn’t take the cake back.第二节(共15 小题;每小题1 分,满分15 分)听下面5 段对话。

每段对话后有几个小题,从题中所给的A、B、C 三个选项中选出最佳选项,并标在试卷的相应位置。

n1真题答案解析12N1真题答案解析12近年来，日语教育在中国的受欢迎程度越来越高，越来越多的中国学生选择学习日语，其中就包括了N1级别的考试。

N1级别是日本语能力测试中最高的级别，考查的内容非常全面且难度较大。

因此，解析N1真题的答案对于学生们来说非常重要。

首先，我们来看一道听力题。

听力部分是N1考试当中最为技巧性的一部分，考查考生是否能够准确地听懂并理解日语对话。

这道题中，考生需要通过听对话内容来判断所给的句子是否与对话内容相符。

通过听力材料，我们可以得知这是一段关于时间安排的对话，男性说了一些安排自己做事情的时间，然后女性给出了一个与男性安排相符的句子。

正确答案是B，也就是女性的回答。

通过这道题，我们可以看出，考生在答题时需要有一定的听力技巧，并对常见的实用日语表达有所了解。

接下来，我们来看一道阅读题。

阅读部分是N1考试中最为考查学生理解能力的部分，要求考生能够快速地、准确地理解日语文章，并根据文章内容回答问题。

这道题目是一篇关于梦想的文章，文章描述了梦想对于人生的重要性以及实现梦想的方法。

通过阅读材料，我们可以了解到激发梦想的方法有很多种，比如积极面对困难，勇敢地面对挑战等等。

正确答案是C，也就是文章中提到的一种方法。

通过这道题目，我们可以看出，考生在解答阅读题时需要注意理解文章的整体意义，能够筛选出相关信息的能力。

最后，我们来看一道语法题。

语法是N1考试中需要考生掌握的一个重要内容，考查考生是否能够正确地使用语法知识，理解并正确运用各种语法结构。

这道题目是要求考生找出一个与所给句子中的副词所表示的条件相符的选项。

通过阅读句子可知，副词表示的是对事件发生的时间条件的限定。

正确答案是D，也就是与副词条件相符合的选项。

通过这道题目，我们可以看出，考生在解答语法题时需要对各种常见的语法结构有所了解，并能够灵活地应用到实际的语境中去。

综上所述，要想在N1级别的考试中取得好成绩，学生们需要注意准确的听力、流畅的阅读以及灵活的语法运用。