2018政府工作报告英语翻译

《长江丛刊》2018.0953《2018政府工作报告》中高频词英译研究■赵蔓青／西华大学摘　要：《政府工作报告》承担着对外宣传中国政策的作用，在中国乃至全世界有着较高地位及较大影响。

而高频词作为一篇文本中最能体现文本内容及所指意义的词语，其研究价值也颇高。

因此，本文将二者结合，对2018年《政府工作报告》中的“加强”、“推进”、“建设”以及“全面”等4个高频词汇及其相关搭配的英译进行了实证研究。

希望本文能够对今后《政府工作报告》中高频词汇的翻译及研究提供一些启示。

关键词：政府工作报告　高频词　加强　推进　建设　全面政府工作报告旨在总结政府过去一年的工作，对未来一年的工作进行部署，一直以来都是各国媒体了解我国的窗口。

鉴于《政府工作报告》在中国乃至全世界有较高地位及较大影响，国内外对中国《政府工作报告》英译的研究日益增加了起来。

而高频词作为一篇文本中最能体现文本内容及所指意义的词语，其研究价值也颇高。

因此，本文将二者结合，对2018年《政府工作报告》中的“加强”、“推进”、“建设”以及“全面”等4个高频词汇及其相关搭配的英译进行了实证研究。

希望本文能够对今后这一领域的翻译及研究提供一些启示。

一、《政府工作报告》的语言特点《政府工作报告》在用词方面正式、准确，但也出现了诸多重复性用词，也就是我们本文所分析的高频词汇。

学者黄友义曾就外宣翻译的这一点指出，“最好的外宣翻译不是按中文逐字逐句机械地把中文转换为外文，而是根据国外受众的思维习惯，对中文原文进行适当的加工，有时要删减，有时要增加背景内容，有时要将原话直译，有时必须使用间接引语。

”二、汉英语言差异汉语是意合式语言，上下文的组织主要是依靠句子内在的意思来衔接，而不一定是通过连接词等句法手段，由此产生的一个语言特色就是重复。

同样的词或词组在文章中可能反复出现，这样既能增加句子的凝聚力，又能达到突出重点的表达效果。

而英语则是形合式语言，上下文之间的衔接主要靠连接词等各种句法手段，这样在用词方面就可以更加灵活多变，这就使得英语不尚重复，而崇变化。

2018政府工作报告双语尊敬的全国人民代表大会各位代表，各位委员会委员，现在，我代表国务院，向大会报告政府工作，请予审议，并请全国政协各位委员提出意见。

Honorable delegates of the National People's Congress, members of the various committees, now on behalf of the State Council, I report on the work of the government and request your deliberation. I also welcome opinions and suggestions from members of the National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference.2017年，国内外形势变化复杂，我国经济稳中向好，我国政府在各方面保持了稳健的推进态势，人民生活得到了进一步的改善。

然而，也存在不少全国性、系统性风险挑战，推进改革和实现可持续发展的任务依然艰巨。

In 2017, the domestic and international situation was complicated, but China's economy remained stable and improving. The government has steadily advanced in various aspects, while people's living standards have been further improved. However, there are still many national and systemic risks and challenges, and the tasks of advancing reform and achieving sustainable development remain daunting.2018年是脱贫攻坚承前启后、继续实施五位一体总体战略和全面深化改革的关键之年。

“政府工作报告”英语怎么说名词解释:政府工作报告是中华人民共和国政府的一种公文形式，各级政府都必须在每年召开的当地人民代表大会会议和政治协商会议(俗称“两会”)上向大会主席团、与会人大代表和政协委员发布这一报告。

你知道怎么用英语表达吗?The 11th National People's Congress (NPC), China's parliament, opened its fifth annual session Monday morning at the Great Hall of the People in Beijing.Premier Wen Jiabao delivered the government work report at the opening meeting, chaired by NPC Standing Committee Chairman Wu Bangguo.周一上午，第十一届全国人民代表大会第五次会议在人民大会堂开幕。

会议由吴邦国主持，温家宝在会议上作了政府工作报告。

【讲解】：“政府工作报告”的英文表达就是government work report，我们也可以说“a report on the work of the government ”。

deliver a report就是作报告的意思。

全国两会是指全国人民代表大会(National People's Congress)以及中国人民政治协商会议(Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference)。

简称NPC和CPPCC(或The PCC)。

Great Hall of the People就是人民大会堂的意思。

两会中的代表我们用deputy一词表达。

2018年政府工作报告常见表达及翻译技巧【贡献率、增加趋势、年均增长常用表达】国内生产总值从54万亿元增加到82.7万亿元，年均增长7.1%，占世界经济比重从11.4%提高到15%左右，对世界经济增长贡献率超过30%。

财政收入从11.7万亿元增加到17.3万亿元。

居民消费价格年均上涨1.9%，保持较低水平。

China’s gross domestic product (GDP) has risen from54 trillion to 82.7 trillion yuan, registering average annual growth\increase of 7.1 percent;its share in the global economy has grown to roughly 15 percent, up from 11.4 percent.China’s contribution to global growth has exceeded 30 percent.Government revenue has increased from 11.7 trillion to 17.3 trillion yuan. Consumer prices rose at an average annual rate of 1.9 percent, maintaining（前项造成的结果或是带来的影响用V-ing）a relatively low level of growth.【再如：消费贡献率由54.9%提高到58.8%，服务业比重从45.3%上升到51.6%，With the share of the service sector rising from 45.3 to 51.6 percent of the economy, consumption’s contribution to growth has increased from 54.9 to 58.8 percent,】【“加强”常见搭配】加强两岸经济文化交流合作strengthened cross-Strait economic and cultural exchanges and cooperati on加强定向调控、相机调控、精准调控enhanced targeted, well-timed, and precision regulation加强地方政府债务管理strengthened management over local government debt注重加强宏观调控、市场监管和公共服务done more to improve macro regulation, market regulation, and public services.以企业为主体加强技术创新体系建设boosted the development of a system for technological innovation加强援藏援疆援青工作strengthened aid work in Tibet, Xinjiang, and Qinghai.加强生态环境保护strengthen environmental protection加强党风廉政建设和反腐败斗争done more to improve Party conduct, build a clean government, and fight corruption着力加强和创新社会治理focused on enhancing and developing new forms of social governance【“增强”的表达：growing、比较级（more、better）、boosting、strengthen】【“着力”常见搭配】着力创新和完善宏观调控focused on developing new and better approaches\ways to macro regulationmade fresh innovations in and refined macro regulation着力推进供给侧结构性改革made strong moves to advance supply-side structural reform着力激发社会创造力a focus on unlocking public creativity着力破除体制机制弊端have taken major steps to remove institutional barriers着力推动平衡发展have promoted more balanced development着力保障和改善民生have endeavored to ensure and improve living standards【“加大...力度”常见搭配】加大去产能力度have intensified efforts to cut overcapacity加大对革命老区、民族地区、边疆地区、贫困地区扶持力度have stepped up support for old revolutionary base areas, areas with large ethnic minority populations, border areas, and poor areas,加大对各类学校家庭困难学生资助力度have increased financial aid to students from financially-challenged families studying in all types of schools突出重点加大补短板力度have stepped up efforts to strengthen areas of weakness, with a focus on key issues.【“加快”常见搭配】先进制造业加快发展。

政府工作报告常用词汉译英（大力、推进、加快、有序、统筹）政府工作报告常用词汉译英（大力、推进、加快、有序、统筹）大力: ①大力调整产业结构We channeled great energy into making adjustments in the structure of industry.②我们大力推进依法行政In a major push to advance law-based government administration③大力盘活存量资金redouble our efforts to put government funds on hand into use④大力发展普惠金融We will channel great energy into developing inclusive finance⑤大力发展节水农业work hard to develop water-efficient agriculture.⑥大力发展旅游、健康、养老、创意设计等生活和生产服务业channel great energy into developing tourism, health, elderly care, innovative design, and other better-living and production-related services.⑦大力发展众创空间We will work hard to develop the right environment for creativity⑧要大力发展风电、光伏发电、生物质能we will put great weight behind the development of wind power, photovoltaic power, and biomass energy⑨有中央政府一以贯之的大力支持with the central government continuing its strong support推进：①全面推进依法治国开启新征程embarked on a new journey to fully advance the law-based governance of China②经济、政治、文化、社会、生态文明等体制改革全面推进carry out structural reforms in the economic, political, cultural, societal, and ecological sectors③推进基础设施建设和区域协调发展Progress was made in developing infrastructure and promoting coordinated development among regions.④推进科技资源开放共享ensure that scientific and technological resources were openly shared⑤深入推进医药卫生改革发展。

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例如，笔者一家餐厅名为“妙味坊”，中文下面便是 “Miao Wei Fang”，即将汉字全部音译。“妙味坊”三字的确 属于英译后较难保持中文韵味的招牌文字，其中尤其“坊”为旧 时一些店铺的名称，是带有浓厚中华传统文化色彩的词。不过笔
点是大相径庭的，而造成这种差异的原因主要就是巨大的文化差 异，中文用语比较简练工整，尤其是《政府工作报告》中，常常 用到一些三字词、四字词，或者是一些俗语、谚语或者成语，这 就加大了英译的难度，难点之一就是如何将中文简练的词汇和句 子根据语境适当地翻译成对应的译入语，让目的语读者更为容易 地接受，达到最佳交际效果。
三、结论 由于拥有不同的地域环境和历史进程，中英文化之间存在许 多的差异，这给中英互译带来了不可回避的难题。店铺的英译招 牌作为经济社会发展的重要产物，应该做到在熟悉中英文化差异 的基础上，遵循英语语言使用习惯，符合英语的思维方式和文化 特征，并且使英译内容贴近中文的文化底蕴。这就要求从事翻译 行业者充分了解中西方差异，能够灵活应用两种语言文化，减少 文化理解上的偏差。店铺招牌的规范英译，有利于增进中英文化 之间的理解和交流，同时对中国的国际商务活动也有着重要而深 远的社会意义。
翻译研究 ENGLISH ON CAMPUS
2019年11期总第451期
《政府工作报告》翻译策略研究
——以《2018 年政府工作府工作报告》中英译版为例，浅析《政府工作报告》的翻译策略。本文以功能目的论三 原则为指导，了解中英语言习惯差异，从而找出《政府工作报告》的翻译策略，主要通过意译法和直译加注法这两种策 略来讲解，从而进一步帮助外国人民更真实清楚地了解中国的政治、经济、文化等方面的发展。
翻译过程中，保持严谨的学习态度，也是人们所提倡的基本 能力。译坛大家梁实秋先生以严谨、负责的态度翻译了《莎士比亚 全集》，这也是他耗时最长、耗用精力最大的一项工程，加上梁扎 实的中英文基础，此译本在翻译界备受推崇。粗略翻译不仅会造成 消费者的不解与疑惑，亦是对翻译这项事业本身的不敬重。

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2018.12.302018年政府工作报告中英文02（前三段组成排比段，第一句总说，后面展开详说，时态是现在完成时。

可以学到不少关于数字的表达。

）五年来，经济实力跃上新台阶。

国内生产总值从54万亿元增加到82.7万亿元，年均增长7.1%，占世界经济比重从11.4%提高到15%左右，对世界经济增长贡献率超过30%。

财政收入从11.7万亿元增加到17.3万亿元。

居民消费价格年均上涨1.9%，保持较低水平。

城镇新增就业6600万人以上，13亿多人口的大国实现了比较充分就业。

Over the past five years,economic strength has reached a new high.China’s gross domestic product(GDP)has risen from54trillion to82.7trillion yuan,registering average annual growth of 7.1percent;and its share in the global economy has grown to roughly15percent,up from11.4 percent.China’s contribution to global growth has ernment revenue has increased from11.7trillion to17.3trillion yuan.Consumer prices rose at an average annual rate of 1.9percent,maintaining a relatively low level of growth.More than66million new urban jobs have been added,and our country,with its population of over1.3billion,has achieved relatively full employment.1.经济实力economic strength2.跃上新台阶reach a new high3.国内生产总值gross domestic product(GDP)4.从A增加到B rise from A to B/grow to B，up from A/increase from A to B5.年均增长average annual growth of/rise at an average annual rate of/an average annual increase of6.A占B的比重A’s share in B/the share of A（）of B7.达到……have achieved/reached8.世界经济增长贡献率contribution to global growth9.财政收入government revenue10.居民消费价格consumer prices11.城镇新增就业new urban jobs have been added(主动变被动）12.比较充分relatively full13.register（仪表等）显示，指示When something registers on a scale or measuring instrument, it shows on the scale or instrument.You can also say that something registers a certain amount or level on a scale or measuring instrument.●It will only register on sophisticated X-ray equipment...只有精密的X射线仪器才能显示出来。

For four years in a row（连续四年）a year-on-year increase（比上年增加）reform. and opening up policy（改革开放政策）social programs（社会事业）per capita（每人的，人均的）after adjusting for inflation（扣除价格因素）moderately prosperous society（小康社会）macroeconomic regulatory（宏观调控）new socialist countryside（社会主义新农村）pursuant to the law（依法）rural migrant workers in cities（农民工）a surplus production capacity（生产力过剩）opened to traffic（通车）energy conservation（节能）state-owned enterprises（国有企业）civil servant（公务员）made breakthroughs（取得突破）compulsory education（义务教育）miscellaneous fees（杂费）boarding schools（寄宿制学校）distance education（远程教育）secondary vocational schools（中等职业学校）incorporated villages（行政村）unincorporated villages（自然村）After years of effort（经过多年努力）basic cost of liv ing allowances（最低生活保障）autonomous regions（自治区）free our minds（解放思想）keep pace with the times（与时俱进）Chinese socialism（中国特色社会主义）social harmony（社会和谐）special administrative regions（特别行政区）prudent fiscal policy.（稳健的财政政策）boosting domestic demand（扩大内需）cutting-edge（前沿）displaced residents（（三峡）移民）non-publicly funded schools（民办学校）school year（学年）communicable diseases（传染病）social safety net（社会保障）discharged military personnel（退伍军人）pyramid schemes（传销）pilot project（试点）Income Tax（所得税）futures market（期货市场）high value-added（高附加值）high-end（高端）cutthroat competition（恶性竞争）combat corruption（反腐）hand over foot（大手大脚）plug up loopholes（堵塞漏洞）People's Armed Police（武警）starting point and objective（出发点和落脚点）socialist market economy（社会主义市场经济）Scientific Outlook on Development（科学发展观）harmonious socialist society（社会主义和谐社会）tailor measures to suit local conditions（因地制宜）South-to-North Water Diversion Project（南水北调）administrative examination and approval（行政审批）follow a realistic and pragmatic approach（实事求是）exercise activities for the general public（全民健身活动）large-scale development of the western region（西部大开发）processing industry for agricultural products（农产品加工业）municipalities directly under the central government（直辖市）primary, secondary and tertiary industry（第一第二第三产业）deliver a good report to the people.（向人民交出满意的答卷）socialist cultural and ethical progress（社会主义精神文明建设）give full play to the initiative of each.（充分发挥各自的积极性）registering the third consecutive annual increase（连续三年增加）physically and mentally challenged persons（残疾人，肢残和智残）resource-conserving and environmentally friendly society.（资源节约型和环境友好型社会）ensure that all of the people share in the fruits of reform. and development.（让全体人民共享改革发展的成果）。

3月5日，李克强总理作政府工作报告，要点如下：一、五年成就主要做了9方面工作。

办成了不少大事：国内生产总值从54万亿元增加到82.7万亿元。

城镇新增就业6600万人以上。

基本医疗保险覆盖13.5亿人。

贫困人口减少6800多万。

重点城市重污染天数减少一半。

基本完成裁减军队员额30万任务。

高铁网络、电子商务、移动支付、共享经济等引领世界潮流。

还要保持清醒：部分地区经济下行压力较大。

在住房、教育、医疗等方面群众还有不少不满意的地方。

形式主义、官僚主义不同程度存在。

二、今年目标国内生产总值增长6.5%左右。

居民消费价格涨幅3%左右。

城镇新增就业1100万人以上，城镇调查失业率5.5%以内。

单位国内生产总值能耗下降3%以上。

居民收入增长和经济增长基本同步。

三、今年重点工作收入：提高个人所得税起征点。

教育：切实降低农村学生辍学率，着力解决中小学生课外负担重问题。

医疗：居民基本医保人均财政补助标准再增加40元。

扩大跨省异地就医直接结算范围。

去产能：再压减钢铁产能3000万吨左右，退出煤炭产能1.5亿吨左右。

降成本：再为企业和个人减税8000多亿元。

创新：加强新一代人工智能研发应用。

加强雾霾治理、癌症等重大疾病防治攻关。

财税：健全地方税体系，稳妥推进房地产税立法。

推进中央与地方财政事权和支出责任划分改革。

三大攻坚战：严厉打击非法集资、金融诈骗等违法活动。

防范化解地方政府债务风险。

今年再减少农村贫困人口1000万以上。

二氧化硫、氮氧化物排放量要下降3%。

严禁“洋垃圾”入境。

严控填海造地。

乡村振兴：探索宅基地所有权、资格权、使用权分置改革。

新建改建农村公路20万公里。

消费：新能源汽车车辆购置税优惠政策再延长三年。

降低重点国有景区门票价格。

投资：完成铁路投资7320亿元、公路水运投资1.8万亿元左右。

开放：放宽或取消银行、证券、基金管理、期货、金融资产管理公司等外资股比限制。

探索建设自由贸易港。

Highlights of Chinese Premier’s annual gov’t work reportChinese Premier Li Keqiang delivered a government work report to the first sessionof the 13th National People's Congress, China's national legislature, Monday morning at the Great Hall of the People in Beijing.1. Achievements over the past five years-- China’s GDP has risen from 54 trillion RMB to 82.7 trillion RMB.-- China has created over 66 million new jobs in urban areas.-- Basic medical insurance covers 1.35 billion people.-- More than 68 million people have been lifted out of poverty.-- The number of days of heavy air pollution in key cities has fallen 50 percent.-- China has basically completed the task of cutting troop numbers by 300,000.-- China has been leading the world in high-speed rails, e-commerce, cashless payment and sharing economy.Problems remained to be solved: regional economic downward pressure; public dissatisfaction in education, housing, and medical services; bureaucratism and formalism still exist to varying degrees.2. Major targets for 2018-- GDP growth of around 6.5 percent-- CPI increase of around 3 percent-- Over 11 million new urban jobs, the surveyed urban unemployment rate within 5.5 percent-- Basic parity in personal income growth and economic growth-- A drop of at least 3 percent in energy consumption per unit of GDP3. 2018’s prioritiesIncome: to raise the personal income tax threshold.Education: China will significantly reduce the rural dropout rate, and give attention to addressing the problem of heavy extracurricular burdens on primary and secondary school students.Health care: Per capita government subsidies for basic health insurance for rural and non-working urban residents will be increased by 40 yuan. China will expand the coverage of interprovincial on-the-spot settlement of medical bills through basic insurance accounts.Overcapacity cut: to further cut steel production capacity by around 30 million metric tons and coal production capacity by approximately 150 million metric tons in 2018.Tax reduction: To reduce taxes on businesses and individuals by more than 800 billion yuan (about 126 billion U.S. dollars).Innovation: To strengthen research in artificial intelligence, air pollution management and cancer prevention.Finance and taxation: To improve local governments' tax systems and prudently advance legislation on real estate tax.4. 'Three critical battles': forestalling and defusing major risks, targeted poverty alleviation and addressing pollutionChina will crack down on activities that violate the law like illegal fundraising and financial fraud, as well as forestall and defuse local government debt risk.China will further reduce the poor rural population by over 10 million.China will cut sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxide emissions by 3 percent, completely prohibit garbage from being bought into China as well as impose strict control over coastal area reclamation.Rural revitalization: China will experiment with separating the ownership rights, qualification rights and use rights for rural land designated for house. China will build or upgrade 200,000 kilometers of rural roads.Consumption: China will extend preferential policies on purchase tax on new-energy vehicles by another three years. China will lower ticket prices at key state tourist sites.Investment: This year China will see 732 billion yuan invested in railway construction and around 1.8 trillion yuan invested in highway and waterway projects.More opening up: China will ease or lift restrictions on the shares of foreign-owned equity in companies in sectors including banking, securities, fund management, futures and financial asset management, and explore opening free trade ports.。

Government Work ReportIntroductionThe Government Work Report is an annual report presented by the Chinese government to the National People’s Congress (NPC) every year. It is a significant document that outlines the government’s policies, achievements, and plans for the future. This report plays a crucial role in the governance and development of the country as it provides a comprehensive overview of the government’s actions and goals.Key HighlightsEconomic DevelopmentThe Chinese government has made significant progress in promoting economic development. In the past year, the economy has maintained steady growth despite various challenges. The report states that China’s GDP growth rate reached X% in the previous year, which demonstrates the economic stability and resilience of the country.To sustain economic growth, various measures have been implemented, such as tax reductions, increasing domestic consumption, and promoting innovation and technology. The government has also emphasized the importance of ecological conservation and considered it as a critical factor for long-term sustainable development.Poverty AlleviationPoverty alleviation remains a top priority for the government. Tremendous progress has been made in reducing poverty and improving living standards in rural areas. The report highlights the achievements in poverty reduction and reveals the government’s commitment to eradicating absolute poverty in China by the target year.The government has implemented several poverty alleviation measures, including targeted poverty alleviation programs, rural infrastructure development, and vocational training to uplift the disadvantaged communities. These efforts have resulted in a significant decrease in poverty rates and an improvement in the overall quality of life in rural areas.Social Welfare and Public ServicesThe report emphasizes the importance of social welfare and public services for the well-being of the citizens. The government has taken steps to enhance thequality and accessibility of education, healthcare, housing, and social security systems.Investment in education has been increased to improve the quality of education and ensure equal educational opportunities for all citizens. The healthcare system is being upgraded to provide better medical services to the people. Efforts are being made to provide affordable housing options and enhance the social security system to protect vulnerable groups.Environmental ProtectionAddressing environmental challenges has been a significant focus of the Chinese government. The report highlights the importance of environmental protection and the implementation of green development strategies for a sustainable future.Efforts have been made to reduce air pollution, promote clean energy, and increase the use of renewable resources. The government has also taken measures to strengthen environmental monitoring and enforcement to ensure strict compliance with environmental regulations. The report reflects the government’s commitment to building an eco-friendly society for the benefit of future generations.ConclusionThe Government Work Report provides a comprehensive overview of the Chinese government’s actions, achievements, and plans for the future. It highlights the government’s efforts in various areas such as economic development, povert y alleviation, social welfare, and environmental protection.The report reflects the government’s commitment to improving the lives of its citizens and building a prosperous and sustainable future for China. It serves as a valuable resource for policymakers, researchers, and the general public in understanding the government’s policies and actions.Through continuous efforts and effective implementation of policies, the Chinese government aims to achieve the goal of national rejuvenation and create a harmonious and prosperous society for all its citizens.。

政府工作报告翻译The government work reportThe government work report is a summary of the work done by the government over the past year and the plans for the coming year. It is an important document that outlines the government's policies and priorities.The government work report covers a wide range of topics, including economic development, social issues, and environmental protection. It provides an overview of the state of the economy, including GDP growth, employment rates, and inflation. It also discusses efforts to reduce poverty, improve education and healthcare, and strengthen social security.In addition, the government work report outlines the government's plans for the coming year. This includes specific targets for economic growth, as well as measures to address key challenges, such as pollution and inequality. It also includes policies to support innovation, promote high-quality development, and stimulate domestic consumption.The government work report is presented by the Premier at the National People's Congress, which is the highest organ of state power in China. It is debated and approved by the members of the Congress, and serves as a guideline for government departments and local authorities.In recent years, the government work report has emphasized the need to shift from high-speed growth to high-quality development.This includes measures to reduce overcapacity, improve the business environment, and deepen market-oriented reforms. It also includes efforts to promote the integration of rural and urban development, and reduce regional disparities.Overall, the government work report is an important tool for communicating the government's plans and policies to the public. It provides a comprehensive overview of the government's work, and helps to ensure transparency and accountability in governance. In conclusion, the government work report is a crucial document that outlines the government's work over the past year and its plans for the future. It covers a wide range of topics and provides a comprehensive overview of the government's policies and priorities. By presenting the report to the National People's Congress, the government ensures transparency and accountability in governance.。

政府工作报告英文Government Work ReportThe Government Work Report is an annual report presented by the Chinese government to the National People's Congress, which serves as a comprehensive summary of the government's achievements and plans for the coming year. The report covers various aspects of governance, including economic development, social welfare, environmental protection, and national security.The Government Work Report is an essential document that outlines the priorities and goals of the Chinese government. It reflects the government's commitment to improve the lives of its citizens and address the challenges faced by the country.In recent years, the Chinese government has made significant progress in various areas. The economy has continued to grow at a steady pace, lifting millions of people out of poverty and providing them with better opportunities. The government has implemented various measures to ensure sustainable development, such as reducing carbon emissions and promoting clean energy. Furthermore, the government has prioritized social welfare by strengthening the social security system, providing better healthcare services, and improving education. Efforts have also been made to reduce income inequality and improve the living conditions of low-income households.Additionally, the government has placed high importance on environmental protection and ecological conservation. It hasimplemented stricter regulations to curb pollution and promote environmental sustainability. The government has also invested heavily in renewable energy sources, such as solar and wind power. In terms of national security, the government has taken measuresto maintain social stability and protect national interests. It has strengthened law enforcement and cracked down on criminal activities. The government has also actively engaged in international cooperation and diplomacy to maintain peace and stability in the region.Looking ahead, the Chinese government has set ambitious goalsfor the future. It aims to further strengthen economic development and innovation, with an emphasis on technological advancements and digital transformation. Efforts will also be made to improve social welfare, such as providing affordable housing and improving social security benefits.Environmental protection will remain a top priority, with the government aiming to reduce pollution and promote the sustainable use of resources. National security will also be strengthened, with a particular focus on cybersecurity and counterterrorism.In conclusion, the Government Work Report is a crucial document that reflects the Chinese government's commitment to improving the lives of its citizens and addressing the challenges faced by the country. It outlines the government's achievements in various areas and sets ambitious goals for the future. With the government's strong determination and comprehensive strategies, it is expectedthat China will continue to make significant progress and contribute to global development.。

显化（ｅｘｐｌｉｃｉｔｎｅｓｓ／ｅｘｐｌｉｃｉｔａｔｉｏｎ），又译外显化、明 晰化、明朗化、明 示 等，指 的 是 “目 标 文 本 以 更 明 显 的 形式表述源文本的信息，是译者在翻译过程中增添解 释性短语或添加连接词等来增强译本的逻辑性和易 解性”［２］。姜 菲［３］１０６认 为 显 化 翻 译 思 维 有 助 于 消 解 “原著中心论”的束缚，可以较好地处理译出语和译入 语之间的语码转换。隐化翻译与显化翻译恰恰相反， 指译者在翻译过程中并不把原语字照译，而是按需所 译，省略 某 些 不 必 要 的 信 息 或 对 某 些 信 息 进 行 概 括［４］，需要译者以译入语的语言规范、用语习惯为依 据对原文语言某些成分加以隐去，则可称之为隐化。
例 ６．“四个全面”战略布局。
（ＰＭ２．５）平均浓度下降 ３０％以上。
译文：ｔｈｅＦｏｕｒ－ｐｒｏｎｇｅｄＣｏｍｐｒｅｈｅｎｓｉｖｅＳｔｒａｔｅｇｙ
译文：Ｗｅｈａｖｅｓｔｒｕｃｋｏｕｔｈａｒｄａｇａｉｎｓｔａｉｒｐｏｌｌｕｔｉｏｎ， （Ｔｈｅ“Ｆｏｕｒ－ｐｒｏｎｇｅｄＣｏｍｐｒｅｈｅｎｓｉｖｅＳｔｒａｔｅｇｙ” ｉｓａ
（一）语法意义显化 语法意义显化主要是英语单词形态变化，包括词 缀变化、形态变化（如性、数、格、时、体、语态、语气、比 较级、人称等）等，汉语则没有这些变化［１］７６。因此，为 了保证译文的语法正确，在汉译英过程中，常常需要 将语法意义显化。 例 １．过去一年，我国发展面临国内外诸多矛盾叠 加、风险隐患交汇的严峻挑战。 译文：Ｉｎｔｈｅｐａｓｔｙｅａｒ，Ｃｈｉｎａ’ｓｄｅｖｅｌｏｐｍｅｎｔｈａｓ ｆａｃｅｄｇｒａｖｅｃｈａｌｌｅｎｇｅｓｐｏｓｅｄｂｙａｇｒｅａｔｍａｎｙｐｒｏｂｌｅｍｓ ａｎｄｉｎｔｅｒｗｏｖｅｎｒｉｓｋｓａｎｄｄａｎｇｅｒｓｂｏｔｈａｔｈｏｍｅａｎｄａ ｂｒｏａｄ． 分析：语法意义显化在汉译英过程中表现得非常 明显。例 １出现了两类 （时态显化和数的显化）、五 处。“面临”二字所表达的含义是：过去一年里，我国 （已）面临国内外诸多矛盾叠加、风险隐患交汇的严峻 挑战。原文中所包含的“已”对汉语读者来说不言自 明。但翻译成英 语 时，我 们 需 要 强 调 “虽 然 我 国 发 展 面临国内 外 诸 多 矛 盾 叠 加、风 险 隐 患 交 汇 的 严 峻 挑 战，但是我们已经成功应对”，侧重强调结果。因此需 要用现在完成时，将汉语中隐含的意思表述出来。此 外，英语单词有单复数的形态变化，而汉语没有，因此 汉译英时还需要注意单词的单复数变化，如“挑战”翻 译为“ｃｈａｌｌｅｎｇｅｓ”，表 明 我 国 发 展 面 临 的 挑 战 不 止 一 个。本句中类似的还有 “矛盾 → ｐｒｏｂｌｅｍｓ”、“风险 → ｒｉｓｋｓ”、“隐患→ｄａｎｇｅｒｓ”。 （二）逻辑关系显化 汉语属意合 语 言，注 重 隐 性 连 贯；英 语 属 形 合 语 言，注重显 性 连 贯。 显 性 连 贯 常 用 的 手 段 有 连 接 词、 关系词、介词等。这三种显性连贯手段使用次数都很 频繁。