锂电池充电器的设计-精品剖析

锂电池充电器的设计

摘要

锂离子电池由于能量密度高和长循环寿命等优点，在便携式设备中得到了广泛的应用。充电管理是锂电池管理的重要组成部分，安全、可靠、快速、高效的锂电池充电器对锂电池的性能及应用起着至关重要的作用。

本文从锂电池的结构原理着手，通过对锂电池性能及常用充电方法的研究，分析了充电过程及充电方法对锂电池性能的影响，并在此基础上设计了一款智能锂离子的充电器。此充电器可对目前市场上具有的各种型号和容量的锂电池进行快速安全的充电。采用这种方案进行锂电池充电器的开发具有成本廉价和易于编程升级的优点，有着广阔的市场前景。

在硬件方面，完成了单片机系统的设计，包括系统电压、电流、温度的采样及功能按键等。软件方面，采用模块化的程序设计，介绍了模块划分和各模块的功能，实现的具体算法，给出了流程图，并根据系统工作需求进行了低功耗和软件抗干扰设计，确保了系统运行的可靠稳定性。本设计提高了充电器智能化水平，更精确的实现充电过程控制，保护电池，延长电池寿命。

关键词：ADC（模数转换）；PWM（脉宽调制）；C8051F300 单片机

The design of lithium battery charger

Abstract

Lithium battery is being widely used in the suitable selection for portable application for their high energy density and long life. Charging management is the essential part in battery management. Safe, reliable, fast and high efficient charger guarantees good performance and application of the battery.

The structure, performance and charging method of Lithium battery is studied in this thesis. And different impacts on the performance of battery via different charging ways and process are analyzed in detail, based on which, an intelligent charger for Lithium battery is designed.The charger can charge all kinds of lithium batteries quickly and safely. Exploiting the charger of lithium batteries this way has the advantage of low cost and easy to upgrade in programming, which has a vast market prospect.

In hardware，the thesis achieves the hardware detail circuit including the MCU system，voltage，current，temperature sampling circuit and key-press. In software, the design adopts modular procedures，which analysis the plotting and function of each module，and the specific way of realization，are introduced. According to the work demands of the system，low power consumption and software anti-interference are designed，which in sure the safety and reliability of the system. The design can improves the intellectualization level of the battery charger, realize the control to the charge process more precisely, and lengthens the battery life.

Key Words:ADC; PWM; C8051F300

目录

摘要...................................................................................................................................... I ABSTRACT ............................................................................................................................. II 第一章绪论.. (1)

1.1课题背景 (1)

1.2锂离子电池的工作原理 (2)

1.3锂离子电池的电特性及充电方式 (3)

1.3.1 锂离子电池的充放电特性 (3)

1.3.2 锂电池的充电方法 (4)

1.4课题意义 (7)

第二章系统的硬件设计 (8)

2.1系统的整体设计方案 (8)

2.2充电电路的设计与实现 (10)

2.2.1 单片机选型 (10)

2.2.2 电源模块的设计 (11)

2.2.3 单片机外围电路的设计 (12)

2.2.4 快速转换器的设计 (13)

2.2.5 快速调节器操作 (14)

2.2.6 选择快速转换器的电感 (15)

2.2.7 JTAG口设计 (15)

2.3锂离子电池的充电过程 (17)

2.4充电过程参数控制 (18)

第三章PCB板布线 (20)

第四章系统的软件设计 (22)

4.1系统软件设计的组成部分 (22)

4.1.1 主程序 (22)

4.1.2 校准ADC子程序 (24)