复合句的翻译
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英语复合句的翻译方法
Features
Literal translation can retain the rhetorical style, language features, and expression of the original text, making the translation more faithful to the original text and easy to understand.
01
When translating English compound sentences, attention should be paid to preserving the style and characteristics of the original text, such as rhetorical devices, tone, etc.
Grammar correctness
When translating compound sentences, attention should be paid to the correctness of grammar to ensure that the structure, tense, voice, and other aspects of the sentence are consistent with the original text.
The translator organizes the translated text to ensure a logical flow, using appropriate punctuation marks and presence structure
Preserving the original meaning
Literal translation can retain the rhetorical style, language features, and expression of the original text, making the translation more faithful to the original text and easy to understand.
01
When translating English compound sentences, attention should be paid to preserving the style and characteristics of the original text, such as rhetorical devices, tone, etc.
Grammar correctness
When translating compound sentences, attention should be paid to the correctness of grammar to ensure that the structure, tense, voice, and other aspects of the sentence are consistent with the original text.
The translator organizes the translated text to ensure a logical flow, using appropriate punctuation marks and presence structure
Preserving the original meaning
复合句——名词性从句
复合句——宾语从句
连接词（引导词）
从属连词 that ,if ,whether 连接代词 who, whom, whose, which, what 连接副词 when ,where ,how ,why 1.如果陈述句作从句,连接词用that,在口语和非正式语体中常可省 略that . 2.特殊疑问句作从句,就用原来的特殊疑问词 3.一般疑问句作从句,连词用if或whether 在选择疑问句只用 whether,记住这一结构：whether … or not .
locate
sharping
colleague
throat-clearing
stare
can not wait to do
复合句
复习
复合句 什么叫复合句?
复合句(Complex Sentence)由一个主句(Principal Clause)和一个或一个以上的从句 (Subordinate Clause)构成。 主句是全句的主体,通常可以独立存在;从句则是一个句子成分,不能独立存在。 从句不能单独成句,但它也有主语部分和谓语部分,就像一个句子一样。所不同在于,从句 须由一个关联词(connective)引导。 复合句(The Complex Sentence):句子中有一个或一个以上的从句,叫做复合句。
复合句——主语从句
①主语从句的时态：不受主句的时态影响和限制。
（1）That he finished writing the composition in such a short time surprised us all. （2）Whether we will go for an outing tomorrow remains unknown. （3）Who will be our monitor hasn't been decided yet. （4）Whom we must study for is a question of great importance. （5）What caused the accident remains unknown.（6）Whatever you did is right. （7）Who the watch belongs to is unknown. （8）What we need is time. （9）What we need are good doctors.
复合句的翻译文档
一、I gave my youth to the sea and I gave my wifemy old age我把青春献给了海洋，等我回家见到妻子时，已是白发苍苍。
二、She went back to take care of her husbandwho was seriously ill.她归去照料病重的丈夫。
合译法。
一、A man who doesn’t try to learn from others cannot hope to achieve much.一个不向他人学习的人是不能指望有多少成绩的。
二、The few points which the president stressed in his report are very important indeed.院长在报告中强调的几点的确很重要3、There are many students in this class who come from big cities.那个班的许多学生来自大城市。
4、There are some chemical fuels that are clean and smokeless.有些化学燃料是干净无烟的。
五、There have been good results in the experiments that have given him great encouragement.实验中的良好结果给了他莫大的鼓舞。
六、I need someone who can instruct me in my English study.我需要一个人来指导我学英语。
7、When I passed by, I saw a man who was writing something in the room.我从这里途经时，看到一个人在屋子里写字。
八、I have three letters which I must write this afternoon.我有三封信必需今天下午写出来。
复合句-非谓语-翻译
复合句-非谓语-翻译一、名词性从句1.What Sarah said showed that she hadn’t decided whether she should stay or not.Sarah’s words showed that she hadn’t decided whether to stay or not.沙拉的话语显示出她还没决定是否要留下。
2.That prices keep going up worries the public.Prices’ keeping going up worries the public.价格的不断上涨困扰着人们。
3.Would you please show me how I can get to the railway station?Would you please show me how to get to the railway station?你能告诉我到火车站怎么走吗？4.That many people in south China received a heavy attack of natural disaster drew closeattention from all over the world.In south China, many people’s receiving a heavy attack of natural disaster drew close attention from all over the world.在中国南方，许多人遭遇到重大的自然灾害引起了全世界的密切关注。
5.Victor apologized for his not being able to inform me the change in the plan.Victor apologized for that he was not able to inform me the change in the plan.维克托为没能通知我计划有变而道歉。
复合句结构翻译
3.这就是我正在寻找的那本字典。
(that, look for)This is the very dictionary that I’m looking for.定从19.好的鞋、衣服和背包是你去徒步旅行的必需品。
(basic, equipment, need for)Good shoes, clothes and a backpack are the basic equipment you need for your hiking.定从15.我们需要一个有活力的、能够真正地刺激成员更加努力工作的团队领导者。
(who)We need a dynamic team leader who can really motivate the members to work harder.定从20.不管你取得了多么大的进步，你也一定不能骄傲。
(be proud, whatever/ no matter what)You mustn’t be proud whate ver/ no matter what great progress you may have made.定从21.这些就是我们这样做的理由。
(why)These are the reasons why we do so.定从1.我们什么时候举行运动会仍然是个问题。
(when)When we shall have our sports meeting is still a question.主从2.信上说他们将在星期五离开。
(say, that)The letter says that they are leaving on Friday.宾从8.我们现在应该帮助任何需要帮助的人。
(favor, whoever)We should do a favor for whoever needs help at present.宾从10.令她惊讶的是，这个小女孩懂得如此多的事情。
英语复合句长句带翻译例句
英语复合句长句带翻译例句1、We heard the news that our team had won.我听到消息说我们的队伍获胜了。
2、Whether he will come is not clear.他会不会赴会仍是未知数。
3、What he wants to tell us is not clear.他要跟我们说什么，还不清楚。
4、It is known to us how he became a writer.我们都知道他是如何成为一名作家的。
5、He has told me that he will go to Shanghai tomorrow.他已经告诉我他明天要去上海。
6、I insist that she (should) do her work alone.我坚持要她自己工作。
7、She always thinks of how she can work well.她总是在想怎样能把工作做好。
8、You should have put the book where you found it.你本来应该把书放回原来的地方。
9、Much as I respect him, I can’t agree to his proposal.尽管我很尊敬他，我却不同意他的建议。
10、Food is to men what oil is to machine.食物之于人，犹如油之于机器。
11、As (he was) young, he learned how to ride a bike.他小时候就学会了骑自行车。
12、Whenever (she is) free, she often goes shopping.她有空就去逛商店。
13、Work hard when (you are) young, or you'll regret.少壮不努力,老大徒伤悲。
14、He won't go there with us unless (he is) invited.除非受到邀请,否则他不会和我们一道去那里。
英语复合句的翻译方法演示文稿
（一）定语从句的翻译-合译法、分译法、转译法
1.合译法。
合译法是把主句和定语从句合译成一个单句的译法， 主要以限制性的定语从句为主。具体做法可以译成 定语（“的”字结构）、谓语、兼语式的一部分或带 有“这”字的单句。
1. 译成定语（“的”字结构）. A man who doesn’t try to learn from others cannot hope to achieve much. 一个不向别人学习的人是不能指望有多少成就的。 The few points which the president stressed in his report are very important indeed. 院长在报告中强调的几点的确很重要。
2.译成谓语的一部分。
There are many students in this class who come from big cities. 这个班的许多学生来自大城市。
There are some chemical fuels that are clean and smokeless. 有些化学燃料是洁净无烟的。
She was very patient towards the children, which her husband seldom was. 她对孩子们很耐心，她丈夫却很少这样。
有些定语从句中的关系代词并不是指主句中的一个词，而是 指整个主句，一般将其译成“这”或“这一点”。主句的译 本身不是一个分句，而是“这”的同位语。
4.译成连动式的一部分。
He took a bottle of wine out of his pocket, which he began to drink slowly. 他从衣兜里掏出一瓶酒慢慢地喝起来。
简单并列复合句翻译
简单句、并列句翻译练习2. 依我看，他在浪费时间。
In my opinion, he is wasting time.3. 由于大火的结果，成千上万的人失去了家园。
As a result of the fire, thousands of people lost their homes.4. 你能说英语，我也能。
You can speak English, and so can I.5. 学生们一路上不停地说笑。
The students went on talking and laughing all the way.6. 我妈妈叫我做作业，而不是洗碗。
My mother asked me to do my homework instead of washing dishes.7. 在公共场合，不允许人们吸烟。
People aren’t allowed to smoke in public places.8. 昨天下午我妈在那家商店给我买了橡皮、小刀和铅笔盒等。
Yesterday afternoon my mother bought me an eraser, a knife, a pencil-box and so on.9. 你怎样在夏天把水变成冰呢？How can you change water into ice in summer?10. 我英语发音方面有些困难。
I have some difficulty in English pronunciation.11. 你打算到北京呆多久呢？How long are you going to stay in Beijing?12. 祝你在深圳玩得愉快。
Have a pleasant/wouderful time in Shezhen.13. 这顶帽子是由手工而不是机器做的。
The hat is made by hand not by machine.14. 明天晚上我要到机场去送我姨妈。
复合句的译法
4) 有些定语从句汉译时可不必重复关系 代词所代替的词，而将其译成人称代 词 “他” ﹑“他们” 等。例如：
I
told the news to Robert, who (and
he) told it to his friend Larry, and soon the news spread all over the campus.
再如：
He
insisted on building another house which he had no use for. 他坚持再建一座他不用的房子。× 他坚持再建一座房，这房他不用。× 他虽自己不用，但仍坚持再建一座房。 尽管他并没有这样的需要，仍坚持再 建一座房子。 他坚持再建一座房子，尽管他并无此 需要。
1) 一般说来，限定性定语从句(尤其是 简短的定语从句)多半译成汉语的前置 定语，修饰其后的先行词。例如： To be sure, a great rebuilding project would give jobs to many of those people who need them. 诚然，一个宏伟的重建计划也许能为 许多需要工作的人提供就业机会。 He who has never tasted what is bitter does not know what is sweet. 没有吃过苦的人不知道什么是甜。
这就是那只捕杀了偷吃了放在纸盒
里的蛋糕的老鼠的猫。 这就是那只捕杀了老鼠的猫。老鼠 偷吃了放在纸盒里的蛋糕。
5. This is the cat that killed the rat that ate the cake that lay in the paper box that Mike made. 这就是那只捕杀了偷吃了放在迈克 做的纸盒里的蛋糕的老鼠的猫。 这就是那只捕杀了老鼠的猫。老鼠 偷吃了放在迈克做的纸盒里的蛋糕。 这就是那只捕杀了老鼠的猫。老鼠 偷吃了放在纸盒里的蛋糕。纸盒是 迈克做的。
英语复合句的翻译方法
（二）状语从句的翻译 -顺译法、换序法、合译法、转译法
1.顺译法。 一般来说，状语从句的位置刚好符合汉语的叙事顺 序，在这种情况下，就可以直接原文顺序翻译。
Wuhan lies where the Yangtze and the Han River meet 武汉位于长江和汉水汇合处。（地点状语从句）
There are some chemical fuels that are clean and smokeless. 有些化学燃料是洁净无烟的。
There have been good results in the experiments that have given him great encouragement. 实验中的良好结果给了他莫大的鼓舞。
一个不向别人学习的人是不能指望有多少成就的。
The few points which the president stressed in his
report are very important indeed.
院长在报告中强调的几点的确A 很重要。
4
2.译成谓语的一部分。
There are many students in this class who come from big cities. 这个班的许多学生来自大城市。
A
2
She went back to take care of her husband who was seriously ill.
她回去照顾她的丈夫，他严重地病了。 她回去照料病重的丈夫。
译者不应为翻译而翻译。一切翻译应把准确表达意 思放在首位，能简则简，能直译则直译；其次，灵 活多变地运用各种翻译技巧，帮助再现原文的内容 和风貌。
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翻译中，(1)一般可以按照原句顺序译成单句或 并列分句，(2)并适当增加表达语义关系的连接 词语。
不一会，北风小了，路上浮尘早已刮净，剩下 一条洁白的大道来，车夫也跑得更快。
Presently the wind dropped a little. By now the loose dust had all been blown away, leaving the roadway clear, and the rickshaw man quickened his pace.
济南地段的黄河，夏天河面宽，水流急，泥沙沉 淀淤积，河床逐年加高，水位高于地面十余米7。 翻译中，(1)首先弄清小句之间的语义关系，(2) 再按主次原则分别翻译成主从句，(3)加上适当的 关联词语使原文隐含的语义关系明确。 The Yellow River at Jinan is wide and turbulent in summer. With years of precipitation and deposition of silt, its bed has become higher and higher so that its average water level is about 10 meters above the ground.
一、四种典型汉语复句的翻译处理 （The Treatment of Four Typical Chinese Compound Sentences) 1. 意合句 (Paratactic sentences)
(1)汉语意合句由小句组成，用逗号分隔。(2) 小句之间无表示逻辑关系的关联词语，但小句 本身的意义隐含了它们之间的语义关系。
子曰：“富与贵，是人之所欲也；不以其道得之， 不处也。贫与贱，是人之所恶也；不以其道得之， 不去也。《论语》
The master said, "Wealth and rank are what everyone desires; but if they have to be obtained in an improper way, a gentleman must not accept them. Poverty and meanness are what everyone abhors; but if they are to be removed in an improper way, a gentleman can never release himself from them.
(1) 弄清小句之 间的语义关系， (2) 按主次原则 译 分别译成主从句 法 (3)加上适当的关 联词使原文隐含 的语义关系明确
(1)根据动作的 性质与相互关 系确定主次 (2) 形成英语的 主谓结构，主 要动作当谓语， 次要动作为从 属结构。
于是，暮色中匆匆的人群里，总有我赶路的身影， 雨里，雾里，雪里，只盼着早些回家，洗去一身的 疲劳，泡上一杯清茶，点上一烛檀香，打开半卷的 书卷，一任轻柔的旋律把我带进一个美丽的境界。
话说天下大势，分久必合，合久必分。
They say the momentum of history was ever thus: the empire, long divided, must unite; long united, must divide.
2. 主题句（Thematic sentences) (1)汉语的主题句由”主题语”和 “评论语”组成。 (2)主题部分与评论部分都可以包含若干词组或小句。 (3)汉语的评论语用来表示说话人的观点或意图, 放 在后面。 我原来计划今年一月访问中国，后来不得不推迟，这 使我感到很扫兴。
流水句
(1) 由小句组成， 以逗号间隔， (2)小句有语义关 系（一般是时间 关系），但比较 松散，句段之间 难以补上关联词， 中间有多处断句 的可能， (3)重要部分往往 放后面。 (1)一般可以按照 原句顺序译成单 句或并列分句， (2) 适当增加表达 语义关系的连接 词语。
连动句
(1) 由许多动词 连用，组成几 个句段或句子。 (2)动词按照时 间先后排列， (3)句子结构一 般是“时间语+ 地点语+施事语 +动作语。
3. 流水句(Running-on sentences) 流水句是吕叔湘先生提出来的，(1)汉语流水句由 一个个小句组成，以逗号间隔，(2)小句有语义关 系（一般是时间关系），但比较松散，句段之间难 以补上关联词，所以中间有多处断句的可能，(3) 重要部分往往放后面。 女，24，1米63，45公斤， 99级人大新闻系毕业， 在北京一家日报工作，欲觅未婚男士，一米80以上， 150─160斤，1976-1978，北京人，有稳定工作（收 入不能低于我），身体好，不戴眼镜，脸上无豆（长 相要配得上我），踏实，有责任心、上进心和幽默感 的男士 。
Zijuan was answering and hurried out to change a spittoon and put the spittoon in her hand on the table and opened the door of inner room to go out, still closed it, let down the flowered portiere and went out to wake Xueyan.
他是个体态优美的青年，免冠去靴，净高一米 八，是个运动员的体格，肩宽体壮，举止沉稳， 仪态端庄。
He is a fine, upstanding young man, 1.80 meters tall in his stockinged feet and of an athletic build, with broad shoulders and a confident carriage.
嘴甜心苦，两面三刀，上头笑着，脚底下就使绊 子，明是一盆火，暗是一把刀，她全站了。 She’ll give you sweet talk when there’s hatred in her heart, and she’s so double-faced and tricky. All the time she’s smiling she tries to trap you up, making a show of great warmth while she stabs you in the back. That’s the way she is.
4. 连动句(Tangling sentences )
(1)汉语连动句由许多动词连用，组成几个句段 或句子。(2)动词按照发生时间的先后顺序排列， (3)句子结构一般是“时间语+地点语+施事语+动 作语。 紫鹃答应着，忙出来换了一个痰盂儿，将手里 的这个盆儿放在桌子上，开了套间门出来，仍旧 带上门，放下撒花软帘，出来叫醒雪雁。9
The Translation of Chinese Compound Sentences
ห้องสมุดไป่ตู้
在任何艺术和科学中，由于知识总是观察研究或 是实践的成果，知识所有者应受到尊敬， 所受尊 敬的程度，则同其知识的广度和深度以及其实际 应用价值成正比。
Knowledge, in any art or science, being always the fruit of observation, study, or practice, gives, in proportion to its extent and usefulness, the possessor a just claim to respect.
老栓正在专心走路，忽然吃了一惊，远远地看 见一条丁字街，明明白白地横着。他便退了几 步，寻到一家关着门的铺子，蹩进檐下，靠门 停住了。
Absorbed in his walking, Old Chuan was startled when he saw the crossroad lying distantly ahead of him. He walked back a few steps to stand under the eaves of a shop in front of its closed door.
Thus the gathering dark often finds me hastening home in a hurrying crowd. Whether it rains or snows, windy or foggy, it is the longing to be home that quickens my steps. To be home means to end a day’s fatigue and enjoy myself in a world of my own. With a nice cup of tea and burning sandalwood incense by my side, I can either resume my suspended reading, or listen leisurely to a soft melody and let myself be carried away to a fairyland of beauty.
翻译的关键是(1)确定各个动作的性质与相互关系， 从顺序排列中确定主次，(2)进而形成英语句式的主 谓结构，让主要动作充当谓语动词，次要动作变成 从属结构。 丈夫关掉了手中的吹风机，看了我一眼，笑笑，然 后用手舞我的头，手中的电吹风又响了起来，好一 会儿才说：“先你而去了” My husband turned off the blow dryer and looked at me with a smile. After adjusting the pose of my head he let the blow dryer work again. It was quite some time before he gave a reply: "gone long before you.