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简单句的六个基本句型句子是语言运用的基本单位。
能正确写句是最基本、最基础的写作微技术。
英语句子变化多端，但都能够由简单句归并或扩展而来，所以掌握简单句的六个基础句型是写好英语句子的第一步。
简单句能够插入定语和状语扩展成为复杂的长句，能够经过增添关系词变为并列复合句或主从复合句。
⑴ 主语＋系动词＋表语⑵主语 +谓语 ( vi. )⑶主语 +谓语 ( vt. ) + 宾语⑷主语 +谓语 ( vt. ) + 间接宾语 +直接宾语⑸主语 +谓语 ( vt. )+ 宾语 +宾语补足语⑹ there be 句型句型 (1): 主语 +系动词 +表语此中“系动词+表语”一同组成谓语。
常有系动词：①表示“是”的：_______________________________________________________________________________ ②表示“ 起来”的：_____ ( 尝起来 ) ， ______( 看起来 ) ， ______ ( 听起来 ) ， ______( 摸起来；感觉) ， _____( 闻起来 )③表示“变为”的:_______________________________________________________________________________ ④表示“保持”的：_______________________________________________________________________________ ⑤表示“仿佛、仿佛”和“证明”的：_______________________________________________________________________________ 注：既无被动语态，也无进行时态。
表语是接在系动词以后的说明主语是什么或处于某种状态、拥有某种特征的成分。
能作表语的主假如名词、代词、形容词、少量副词、介词短语、非谓语动词和表语从句。
英语三大基本句型句子按其结构可分为简单句、并列句和主从句。
一、简单句简单句只有一个主语（或并列主语）和一个谓语（或并列谓语）的句子。
We all learn English. (一个主语和一个谓语）My father and mother go to work at 7:00 in the morning.（一个并列主语和一个谓语）He once lived and worked there. (一个主语和一个并列谓语)1.主语+谓语这种句型简称为主谓结构，其谓语一般都是不及物动词，例：Things change.事物是变化的。
Nobody went.没有人去。
--Did you go by sea？你们走的是海路吗？--NO，we flew.不，我们是飞去。
2.主语+连系动词+表语这种句型称为主系表结构，其实连系动词在形式上也是一种谓语动词，但实质上表语成了谓语，例：Mr. Turner is an artist.特纳先生是位画家。
The milk turned sour.牛奶变酸了。
She became a lawyer.她当了律师。
3.主语+谓语+宾语这种句型可称为主谓宾结构，它的谓语一般多是及物动词，例：We never beat children.我们从来不打孩子。
My sister will fix everything.我姐姐会料理一切。
4.主语+谓语+宾语+宾语这种句型可称为主谓宾宾结构，其谓语应是可有双宾语的及物动词，两个宾语一个是间接宾语，一个是直接宾语，例：He gave the book to his sister.他把这本书给了他的妹妹。
I'll write you a long letter.我将写给你一封长信。
5.主语+谓语+宾语+宾补这种句型可简称为主谓宾补结构，其补语是宾语补语，与宾语一起即构成复合宾语，例：I found the book easy.我发现这本书不难。
简单句的六种基本结构⏹主语＋不及物动词⏹主语＋系动词＋表语⏹主语＋及物动词＋宾语⏹主语＋及物动词＋间接宾语＋直接宾语⏹主语＋及物动词＋宾语＋宾语补足语⏹There be ＋主语句型例如•This knife cuts well.•She seems quite satisfied.•Have you fixed my watch yet?•He owed me 50 yuan.•Xiao Li is helping me mend my bicycle.•There stands an old tower in the east of the town.翻译下列句子⏹高考前同学们常常学习到深夜.⏹我等你等了很久了.⏹玻璃很容易碎.⏹她听了这消息好象很平静.⏹他太累了,刚躺下就睡着了.⏹这家工厂没周生产一千辆小汽车.⏹请你把那本书递给我好吗?⏹我去找个人来帮你修理电脑.⏹我们感到我们的心在激烈的跳动.⏹有很多中国学生在国外留学.Keys⏹Students often work deep into night before the entrance exam.⏹I have been waiting for you for a long time.⏹Glass breaks easily.⏹She appeared quite calm at the news.⏹He was so tired that he fell asleep the moment he went to bed.Keys⏹This factory produces 1 ,000 cars a week.⏹Will you please pass me the book?⏹I’ll get someone to repair the computer.⏹We could feel our hearts beating fast.⏹There are many Chinese students studying abroad.简单句的种类⏹根据使用目的, 句子可分为:⏹陈述句⏹疑问句⏹祁使句⏹感叹句陈述句要特别注意陈述句的否定结构1.否定转移:主句谓语动词是think, expect, believe, suppose, guess, imagine 等表“认为, 猜想” 的动词时, 宾语从句的否定习惯上前移到主句谓语上.eg. I don’t think I know you.She doesn’t believe you are wrong.注意: hope 不在此列.误: I don’t hope it will rain.正: I hope it won’t rain.not…until 的句型非强调句型: I don’t know his name until yesterday.强调句型: It was not until yesterday that I knew his name.倒装句: Not until yesterday did I know his name.有时对状语的否定也移到谓语上.翻译: 我今天觉得不舒服.误: I’m feeling not well t oday.正: I’m not feeling well today.2. 含有否定意义的副词句中含有never, seldom, hardly, scarcely, rarely, barely 时, 应视为否定句.I could hardly see anything.He rarely comes to see me.有些句子在结构上属于肯定式, 但含有否定意义的词⏹None of us has been to Beijing.(否定的主语)⏹I saw nothing in the darkness.(否定的宾语)⏹He begged the teacher not to punish him.(否定的宾补)⏹We could find her nowhere.(否定的状语)3. 部分否定⏹all, both,either, every, everybody, everyday, everywhere, always与not 连用时, 表示部分否定.⏹表示全部否定要用no, neither, none, nobody, nothing, never , nowhere 等词.肯定: All the ants go out for food.⏹部分否定:Not all the ants go out for food.或: All the ants don’t go out for food.⏹全部否定:None of the ants go out for food.或:Not any of the ants go out for food.4. 双重否定without与not, no one, nobody, never, can not等否定词连用,意为‘ 无(没有) …不’ , ‘每…必’.No one can see the film without being moved to tears.人们看了这部电影无不为之感动得流泪. They never meet without quarrelling.他们每次见面必要吵架.其他双重否定结构He is not unfit for his job.他不是不称职.There is noboby here who is not a League member.这里人人都是团员.One can’t learn a f oreign language unless he studies hard.除非用功, 否则学不好外语.He couldn’t help laughing.他禁不住大笑起来.5. 强调肯定意义的否定结构⏹这些结构有cannot …too (over, enough, more)⏹You cannot be too careful.或You cannot be over careful. You cannot be careful enough.⏹We cannot praise him too much.⏹---How are you today? --- Couldn’t be better.⏹I couldn’t agree with you more.6.具有否定意义的肯定结构⏹He is too young to go to school.⏹The problem is far from being settled.⏹It is the last thing I want to do.⏹Such a problem is beyond (above) me.⏹I failed to understand the meaning of the sentence.⏹It has been two months since I smoked.疑问句⏹一般疑问句⏹特殊疑问句⏹选择疑问句⏹反意疑问句特殊的反意疑问句结构1. One can’t be too sure, ____ ______ ?2. Tom seldom goes to the cinema, ____ ___?3. The man is unfit for his job, ____ ______?4. Everyone knows me, _____ _______ ?5. No one was hurt in the accident, _____ ____ ?6. I don’t think he can speak Japanese, _____ ____ ?7. You don’t believe she will come, _____ ______ ?8. What you need is more practice, _____ ______ ?1. One can’t be too sur e, can one/he?2. Tom seldom goes to the cinema, does he ?3. The man is unfit for his job, isn’t he ?4. Everyone knows me, doesn’t he /don’t they ?5. No one was hurt in the accident, were they ?6. I don’t think he can speak Japanese, can he ?7. You do n’t believe she will come, do you ?8. What you need is more practice, isn’t it?9. You needn’t do that when your mother is here, ____ ______ ?10. He is a doctor but his wife is a teacher, _____ ______ ?11. Please open the window, _____ ______ ?12. Le t’s to for a walk, ______ _____ ?13. Let us know if you can go with us, _____ ____ ?14. Let me have another try, ____ ______ ?15. Let me help you, ______ _______ ?16. I wish to go home , _____ ______ ?9. You needn’t do that when your mother is here, need you ?10. He is a doctor but his wife is a teacher, isn’t she ?11. Please open the window, will/would you ?12. Let’s go for a walk, shall we ?13. Let us know if you can go with us, will you ?14. Let me have another try, will you ?15. Let me help you, may I ?16. I wish to go home , may I ?17. Your father must be a doctor,_______ ?18. You must go home right now, ______ ?19. You mustn’t smoke here, _________ ?20. You must have met her yesterday, _______ ?21. You must have seen the film many times, ____________ ?陈述部分用SO 开头, 附加部分采用“同向”疑问.⏹So you are getting married , are you?⏹So you don’t like my cooking, don’t you?⏹口语对话中, 当某人的话表示讥讽或怀疑时, 往往简略重复对方的话后再加上简短问句.①--- Tom told me he saw a bear last night.--- He did, did he?②--- Y ou mustn’t listen to his story.--- Oh, I mustn’t , mustn’t I ?祁使句⏹含主语的祁使句You get out! Everybody stand up!条件祁使句Use your head, and (then) you’ll find a way.→If you use your head, you’ll find a way.Try again, or you’ll fail.→If you don’t try again, you’ll fail.或You’ll fail unless you try again.并列句⏹表示增补关系的并列连词: and, both…and, neither…nor, not…nor, not only …but also, as well as 等.⏹表选择关系的并列连词:or, or else, otherwise, either…or, whether…or.⏹表转折关系: but, while⏹表因果关系: for, so⏹有些副词如besides, moreover, therefore, however, nevertheless, consequently , furthermore等也可以起到并列连词的作用.while 也可表示转折, 但与but 不同的是, 主要强调上下文的一种对比关系.They were surprised that a child should work out the problem while they themselves couldn’t.when 作为并列连词意为“这时”, 位于第一分句后, 此时不能用while或as 代替.I was just about to lie down to rest when I saw a snake in the grass.并列连词不能与从属连词混合使用误: Although he was sick, but he went on working.正: Although he was sick, he went on working.He was sick, but he went on working.He was sick, and yet he went on working.Although he was sick, yet he went on working.在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词从句(Noun Clauses）。
英语简单句的基本句型由一个主语和一个谓语动词所组成的句子是简单句。
谓语动词有及物动词、不及物动词和连系动词之分。
正是谓语动词的特点决定着句子的不同结构，如连系动词后要接表语；大多数及物动词后接一个直接宾语，有的及物动词要接直接宾语和间接宾语，还有的及物动词要接复合宾语(宾语＋宾语补足语)。
要想写好简单句，我们必须记住以下六种句型，它们是语言的基本模式。
【句型一】主语+ 谓语(不及物动词) + (状语[副词、名词、介词短语等])The children are listening quietly. 孩子们在静静地听着。
He runs fast in the street. 他在街上跑得飞快。
The meeting begins at nine. 会议9点开始。
They worked day and night. 他们夜以继日地工作。
【点津】主语和不及物动词是组成本句型不可缺少的必要成分。
上述句子虽然长短不一，但都属于这一基本句型。
常见不及物动词：act（行动）, agree(同意),apologize（道歉）, arrive（到达）, appe ar（出现）,blow（刮风）,come（来）,cough(咳嗽), close（关闭，结束）,cook(做饭),cry（哭）, decrease（减少）die（死）, disagree(不同意),disappear（消失）, exist（生存）,? fall （跌落）,? go（去）,? grow（生长）, happen（发生）,jump(跳),leave（离开）,live(居住), loo k（看）, listen（听）, lie(说谎，位于),last（持续）, open（开张）, play（玩）,? rise（升起，起床）, ring（铃响）,run(跑), smile （微笑）,talk(讲话),tremble(颤抖),work（工作）, walk(步行)【句型二】主语+ 谓语(及物动词) + 宾语( + 状语)He didn’t like the film. 他不喜欢这部电影。
六种简单句的基本句型2.“主语 + 谓语 + 宾语”(即“主谓宾”句型)这一句型英汉语言的.结构形式完全相同，用以说明“某人或某物做什么事情”，或者说“某人或某物发出了动作，并且其动作涉及到另一个人或物”。
例：I study English.分析：“I”(主语)“study”(谓语动作)“English”(宾语即动作涉及的对象)。
3.“主语 + 谓语 + 间接宾语 + 直接宾语”(即“主谓双宾”句型)这一句型英汉语序结构相同，说明“某人为谁(间接宾语为人)做某事”，或者说“某人或物的运动涉及到两个对象，其中一个间接对象为人，另一个为物”。
例：Our teacher taught us English.分析：“our teacher”(主语)“教”(谓语动作)“us”(间接宾语)“English”(直接宾语)。
4.“主语 + 谓语 + 宾语 + 宾语补足语”(即“主谓宾宾补”句型)这一句型说明“某人或某物要求(使、让)某人做什么”或“某人感觉某人或物怎么样”。
例： He asked her to go there.分析：“he”(主语)“asked”(谓语动作)“her”(宾语即动作涉及的对象)“to go there”(补语—补充说明宾语做什么)。
5.“主语 + 系动词+ 表语”(即“主系表”句型)这一句型用以说明“某人(某物、某事、某种概念)具有什么特征或处于什么状态”。
汉语的“是”字结构属于这一英语句型的形式之一。
常用的联系动词有be, keep，lie, remain, stand, become, fall, get, go, grow, turn, look, feel, seem, smell, sound, taste, 等。
例： I am a teacher. 我是一名老师分析：“I”(主语)“am”(系动词)“a teacher”(表语—即表明主语的身份)。
及物动词和不及物动词的区别英语中按动词后可否直接跟宾语，可把动词分成及物动词和不及物动词。
不及物动词：字典里词后标有vi. 的就是不及物动词。
不及物动词后不能直接跟有动作的对象（即宾语）。
若要跟宾语，必须先在其后添加上某个介词，如to,of ,at后方可跟上宾语。
具体每个动词后究竟加什么介词就得联系动词短语了.1)及物动词后面必须跟宾语意义才完整的实义动词，叫做及物动词(transitive verb)。
如：I believe that the meeting will consider our suggestion.我相信委员会将会考虑我们的建议。
“How long can I keep the book ?”Harry asked.哈里问：“这本书我可以借多久?” 2)不及物动词本身意义完整后面不须跟宾语的实义动词，叫做不及物动词(intransitive verb)。
如：Birds fly.鸟会飞。
It happened in June 1932.这件事发生于一九三；年六月。
My watch stopped.我的表停了。
She spoke at the meeting yesterday evening. 她在昨天晚上的会上发了言。
3)兼作及物动词和不及物动词英语里有不少实义动词可以兼作及物动词和不及物动词。
这样的动词又有两种不同的情况：a)兼作及物动词和不及物动词时，意义不变。
试比较：Shall I begin at once?我可以立刻开始吗?(begin作不及物动词)She began working as a librarian after she left school.她毕业后当图书馆管理员。
(began作及物动词)When did they leave Chicago?他们是什么时候离开芝加哥的？(leave 作及物动词) They left last week. 他们是上周离开的。
英语简单句的六种基本句型（学生）基本句型汉译英练习一、主谓结构说明：本结构是由主语+谓语动词构成(其中的谓语动词须是不及物的动词vi)，用来表示主语的动作。
如: The sun rises.主语可有修饰语---定语，如，The red sun rises谓语可有修饰语---状语，如，The red sun rises in the east.主语可以用充当。
翻译练习1.你应当努力学习。
You should study hard.2.她昨天回家很晚。
She went home very late yesterday evening.3.那天早上我们谈了很多。
That morning we talked a great deal.4.会议将持续两个小时。
The meeting will last two hours.5.在过去的十年里，我的家乡已经发生了巨大的变化。
Great changes have taken place in my home town in the past ten years.6.这种事情全世界各地每天都在发生。
7.1919年，在北京爆发了“五.四”运动。
8.每天八时开始上课。
9.这个盒子重五公斤。
10.五年前我住在北京。
11.爱丽丝很会游泳。
12.约翰的父亲昨晚去世了。
13.秋天有些鸟飞到南方去。
14.我的爷爷早晨起得很早。
15.每天下午有许多学生到图书馆来借书。
二、主系表结构说明：本结构是由主语+系动词+表语组成，主要用以说明主语的特征，类属，状态，身份等。
系动词有：（1）表示特征和存在状态的 be, seem, feel, appear, look, smell, taste, sound.（2）表示状态延续的 remain, stay, keep, continue, stand.（3）表示状态变化的 become, get, turn, go, run, fall, come, grow.翻译练习：1.我的兄弟都是大学生。
简单句的六种基本句型及其主要用法。
一、S + V（主语＋不及物动词）这种句型简称为主谓结构。
不及物动词是指那些本身意义已完整，后面不需要接宾语的动词，如come, go, swim, appear, run, arrive, fall等。
如：—Did you go by sea？你们走的是海路吗？—No, we flew. 不，我们是坐飞机去的。
有时，不及物动词后面会跟副词、介词短语等作状语。
如：Why don’t you come at once when I call you? 我叫你时，你为什么不马上来？【练习导航】Ⅰ. 根据汉语完成下列英语句子，每空一词。
1. 他在听。
He _____ _____.2. 昨晚你睡得好吗？Did you _____ _____ last night?3. 这场雨持续了两个小时。
The rain _____ _____ two hours.4. 事物总是变化的。
Things always _____.5. 他来中国的梦想实现了。
His dream to China _____ _____ _____.Ⅱ. 单项选择( )6. An MP5 player of this type costs too much. You’d better ______.A. waitB. waitingC. waitedD. to wait( )7. It _____ outside. I have to stay at home.A. rainB. is rainingC. rainedD. has rained( )8. —Did you watch the basketball match yesterday?—Yes, I did. My uncle ______ in the match.A. is playingB. was playingC. has playedD. will play( )9. —What did your father say just now?—Sorry, I don’t know. I ______ on the phone.A. am talkingB. talkC. was talkingD. have talked( )10. You ______ first and I ______ behind.A. go; was followingB. will go; followC. will go; followedD. go; will follow二、S + V + P（主语＋系动词＋表语）系动词通常与表语一起构成系表结构，用来说明主语的性质、特点或状态等。
表语通常由名词、形容词、代词、副词、介词短语、动词不定式、动名词或从句等充当。
常见的系动词有be, look, sound, smell, taste, feel, get, grow, turn, become, stay, seem等。
如：All her friends are now outside the door. 她的所有朋友现在都在门外。
The milk turned sour. 牛奶变酸了。
【练习导航】翻译下面的汉语句子。
1. 他感到有点累。
______________________________2. 这听起来是个好主意。
______________________________3. 海伦在家吗？______________________________4. 我的电脑在书房里。
______________________________5. 他的梦想是成为一名医生。
______________________________6. 我最喜欢的运动是游泳。
______________________________7. 问题是你想干什么。
______________________________8. 他总是乐于助人。
______________________________9. 这盘菜闻起来不错。
______________________________10. 那个女孩是我的妹妹。
______________________________三、S + V + O（主语＋及物动词＋宾语）及物动词后面必须接宾语才能表达一个完整的意思。
宾语是动作的承受者，一般由名词、代词、动词不定式、动名词等充当。
如：He’s having lunch. 他正在吃午餐。
I prefer standing. 我宁愿站着。
He promised to lend me some books. 他答应借给我几本书。
【练习导航】Ⅰ. 找出下列句子的宾语。
1. He handed in his homework this morning. ____________2. Help yourself to some soup, Jim. ____________3. He forgot which way to go. ____________4. Would you mind waiting for a few minutes? ____________5. I’ll do what I can. ____________Ⅱ. 根据汉语完成下列英语句子，每空一词。
6. 你认识这些人吗？Do you _________ _________ _________?7. 今天早上他完成了报告。
He _________ _________ _________ this morning.8. 现在我来自我介绍一下。
Now I’ll _________ _________.9. 他已经决定搬到北京去了。
He has decided _________ _________ _________ Beijing.10. 我不记得事故是什么时候发生的。
I don’t rem ember _________ the accident _________.四、S + V + IO + DO（主语＋及物动词＋间接宾语＋直接宾语）有些及物动词，如hand, give, throw, lend, sing, read, write, buy, leave, make, pass, tell, get 等可以带双宾语，一个宾语指人，称为间接宾语；另一个指物，称为直接宾语。
及物动词带双宾语通常有以下两种结构：1. 及物动词+间接宾语+直接宾语2. 及物动词+直接宾语+to / for+间接宾语【练习导航】Ⅰ. 找出下列句子中的直接宾语。
1. She gave me her telephone number. _________________2. Bring me some water, please. _________________3. I’ll make you some fresh tea. _________________4. He sang us a folk song. _________________5. She showed me her paintings. _________________Ⅱ. 将下列句子改为同义句。
6. Tom gave me a nice pen.Tom ______ a nice pen _____ me.7. My mother bought my little sister a pink skirt.My mother ______ a pink skirt ______ my little sister.8. She cooked us a delicious meal.She ______ a delicious meal _____ us.9. Tim showed me his nice T-shirt.Tim ______ his nice T-shirt _____ me.10. She made me a cup of coffee.She ______ a cup of coffee ______ me.【温馨提示】◆某些动词引导的间接宾语可改为to引导的短语，这类动词有give, hand, show, send, bring, pass, lend, teach, tell, write, throw, sell, email等。
如：Can you lend us your car? 你能把车借给我们吗？→Can you lend your car to us?◆某些动词引导的间接宾语可改为for引导的短语，这类动词有buy, play, get, make,order, choose, sing, pay等。
如：My uncle bought me a watch. 我叔叔给我买了一块表。
→My uncle bought a watch for me.五、S + V + O + OC（主语＋及物动词＋宾语＋宾语补足语）有些及物动词加上宾语后，它的意思表达还是不完整，这就需要再加上一个补足语来使句子的意思完整。
宾语补足语通常由形容词、副词、名词、介词短语、动词不定式、V-ing形式等充当。
如：Please don’t call me Lucy. 请不要叫我露西。
I found the box empty. 我发现箱子是空的。
The teacher told us to do some exercises. 老师要我们做一些练习题。
【练习导航】Ⅰ. 找出下列句子中的宾语补足语。
1. They call their daughter Mary. ___________2. Don’t leave me behind. _____________3. I wish you to be happy. _____________4. I saw her chatting with Nancy. ____________5. Good food keeps you healthy. ____________Ⅱ. 翻译下面的汉语句子。
6. 他们请我和他们一道去。
______________________________7. 我刚才看见她在跟简谈话。
______________________________8. 你认为这部电影精彩吗？______________________________9. 你建议我做什么？______________________________10. 你注意到他进来了吗？______________________________六、there be句型there be句型主要用来表示“某地有某物或某人”。
