段落匹配题样题

英语四级长篇阅读段落信息匹配题练习及答案解析（11）英语四级长篇阅读段落信息匹配题练习及答案解析(11)Jaguars Don't Live Here AnymoreA)Earlier this month, the United States Fish and Wildlife Service announced it would appoint" critical habitat" for the endangered jaguar. Jaguars--the world's third-largest wild cats, weighing up to 250 pounds, with distinctive black rosettes ( 玫瑰花色) on their fur--are a separate species from the smaller, tawny (黄褐色的) mountain lions, which still roam large areas of the American West in the United States and take the first steps toward mandating (批准) a jaguar recovery plan. This is a policy reversal and, on the surface, it may appear to be a victory for the conservation community and for jaguars, the largest wild cats in the Western Hemisphere.B) But as someone who has studied jaguars for nearly three decades, I can tell you it is nothing less than a slap in the face to good science. What's more, by changing the rules for animal preservation, it stands to weaken the Endangered Species Act.C)The debate on what to do about jaguars started in 1997, when, at the urging of many biologists ( including me), the Fish and Wildlife Service put the jaguar on the United States endangered species list, because there had been occasional sightings of the cats crossing north over the United States-Mexico border. At the same time, however, the agency ruled that it would not be "prudent" (谨慎的) to declare that the jaguar has critical .habitat--a geographic area containing features the species needs to survive--in the United States. Determining an endangered species' critical habitat is a first step towarddeveloping a plan for helping that species recover.D)The 1997 decision not to determine critical habitat for thejaguar was the right one, because even though they cross the border from time to time, jaguars don't occupy any territory in our country--andthat probably means the environment here is no longer ideal for them.E)In prehistoric times, these beautiful cats inhabited significant areas of the western United States, but in the past 100 years, there have been few, if any, resident breeding populations here. The last time a female jaguar with a cub ( 幼兽) was sighted in this country was inthe early 1900s.F)Two well-intentioned conservation advocacy groups, the Center for Biological Diversity and Defenders of Wildlife, sued the Fish andWildlife Service to change its ruling. Thus in 2006, the agency reassessed the situation and again determined that no areas in theUnited States met the definition of critical habitat for the jaguar. Despite occasional sightings, mostly within 40 miles of the Mexican border, there were still no data to indicate jaguars had taken up residence inside the United States.G ) After this second ruling was made, an Arizona rancher ( 牧场主), with support from the state Game and Fish Department, set infrared-camera (红外摄像机) traps togather more data, and essentially confirmed the Fish and Wildlife Service's findings. The cameras did capture transient jaguars, including one male jaguar, nick named Macho, B, who roamed the Arizona borderlands for more than a decade. But Macho B, now dead, might have beenthe sole resident American jaguar, and hisextensive travels indicated he was not having an easy time surviving in this dry, rugged region.1H) Despite the continued evidence, the two conservation advocacy groups continued to sue the government. Apparently, they want jaguars to repopulate the United State seven if jaguars don't wan! to. Last March,a federal district judge in Arizona ordered the Fish and WildlifeService to revisit its 2006 determination on critical habitat.I)The facts haven't changed: there is still no area in the United States essential to the conservation of the jaguar. But, having asserted this twice already, the service, nowunder a new president, has bent to the tiresome litigation (诉讼). On Jan. 12, Fish and Wildlife officials, claimed to have evaluated new scientific information that had become available after the July 2006 ruling. They determined that it is now prudent to appoint critical habitat for the jaguar in the United States.J)This means that Fish and Wildlife must now also formulate a recovery plan for the jaguar. And since jaguars have not been able to reestablish themselves naturally over the past century, the government will likely have to go to significant expense to attempt to bring them back--especially if the cats have to be reintroduced.K)So why not do everything we can, at whatever cost, to bring jaguars back into the United States? To begin with, the American Southwest is, at best, marginal habitat for the animals. More important, there are better ways to help jaguars. South of our border, from Mexico to Argentina, thousands of jaguars liveand breed in their true criticalhabitat. Governments and conservation groups (including the one I head) are already working hard to conserve jaguar populations and connect them to one another through an initiative called the Jaguar Corridor.L).The jaguars that now and then cross into the United States most likely come from the northernmost population of jaguars, in Sonora, Mexico. Rather than demand jaguars return to our country, we should help Mexico and other jaguar-range countries conserve the animals' true habitat itM )The recent move by the Fish and Wildlife Service means that the rare federal funds devoted to protecting wild animals will be wasted on efforts that cannot help save jaguars. It also stands to weaken the Endangered Species Act, because if critical habitat is redefined as any place where a species might ever have existed, and where you or I might want it to exist again, then the door is open for many other sense less efforts to bring back long-lost creatures.N)The Fish and Wildlife officials whose job is to protect the country's wild animals need to grow a stronger backbone--stick withtheir original, correct decision and save their money for more useful preservation work. Otherwise, when funds are needed to preserve all those small, ugly, non-charismatic endangered species at the back of the line, there may be no money left.1. It is still a fact that there is no suitable place for jaguarsto live safely in the United States.2. The United States Fish and Wildlife Service should be more determined and saving for the conservation work.3. Jaguars were regarded as endangered species because oftheir rare appearance at the United States-Mexico border.4. Money was not spent effectively in helping save jaguars in the recent move by the Fish and Wildlife Service.5. It can be inferred that the United States is not the best choice for jaguars to live from the evidence that they don't settle anywhere here.6. South of the United States' border, from Mexico to Argentina, is the true critical habitat for jaguars.7. The number of jaguars breeding populations in significant areas of the western United States has deceased in the past century.8. It is necessary for the government to invest lots of funds in order to help jaguars to reestablish.9. It didn't indicate that jaguars had settled down in the United States even though they were seen within 40 miles of the Mexican border at times.10. Fish and Wildlife officials were sure enough to appointcritical habitat for the jaguar in the United States.1.I)。

六级段落匹配专项训练六级段落匹配专项训练1：A) We are surrounded by so much paper and card that it is easy to forget just how complex it is. There are many varieties and grades of paper materials, and whilst it is fairly easy to spot the varieties, it is far more difficult to spot the grades.B) It needs to be understood that most paper and card is manufactured for a specific purpose, so that whilst the corn-flake packet may look smart, it is clearly not something destined for the archives. It is made to look good, but only needs a limited life span. It is also much cheaper to manufacture than high grade card.C) Paper can be made from an almost endless variety of cellulose-based material which will include many woods, cottons and grasses or which papyrus is an example and from where we get the word "paper". Many of these are very specialized, but the preponderance of paper making has been from soft wood and cotton or rags, with the bulk being wood-based.Paper from WoodD) In order to make wood into paper it needs to be broken down into fine strands. Firstly by powerful machinery and then boiled with strong alkalies such as caustic soda, until a fine pulp of cellulose fibers is produced. It is from this pulp that the final product is made, relyingon the bonding together of the cellulose into layers. That, in a very small nutshell, is the essence of paper making from wood. However, the reality is rather more complicated. In order to give us our white paper and card, the makers will add bleach and other materials such as china clay and additional chemicals.E) A further problem with wood is that it contains a material that is not cellulose. Something called lignin. This is essential for the tree since it holds the cellulose fibres together, but if it is incorporated into the manufactured paper it presents archivists with a problem. Lignin eventually breaks down and releases acid products into the paper. This will weaken the bond between the cellulose fibers and the paper will become brittle and look rather brown and careworn. We have all seen this in old newspapers and cheap paperback books. It has been estimated that most paper back books will have a life of not greater than fifty years. Not what we need for our archives.F) Since the lignin can be removed from the paper pulp during manufacture, the obvious question is "why is it left in the paper?" The answer lies in the fact that lignin makes up a considerable part of the tree. By leaving the lignin in the pulp a papermaker can increase his paper yield from a tree to some 95%. Removing it means a yield of only 35%. It is clearly uneconomic to remove the lignin for many paper and card applications.G) It also means, of course, that lignin-free paper is going to be more expensive, but that is nevertheless what the archivist must look for in his supplies. There is no point whatsoever in carefully placing our valuable artifacts in paper or card that is going to hasten their demise.Acid is particularly harmful to photographic materials, causing them to fade and is some cases simply vanish!H) So, how do we tell a piece of suitable paper or card from one that is unsuitable? You cannot do it by simply looking, and rather disappointingly, you cannot always rely on the label. "Acid-free" might be true inasmuch as a test on the paper may indicate that it is a neutral material at this time. But lignin can take years before it starts the inevitable process of breaking down, and in the right conditions it will speed up enormously.I) Added to this, as I have indicated earlier, paper may also contain other materials added during manufacture such as bleach, china clay, chemical whiteners and size. This looks like a bleak picture, and it would be but for the fact that there are suppliers who will guarantee the material that they sell. If you want to be absolutely sure that you are storing in, or printing on, the correct material then this is probably the only way.J) Incidentally, acids can migrate from material to material. Lining old shoe boxes with good quality acid-free paper will do little to guard the contents. The acid will get there in the end.Paper from RagK) Paper is also commonly made from cotton and rag waste. This has the advantage of being lignin-free, but because there is much less cotton and rag than trees, it also tends to be much more expensive than wood pulp paper. You will still need to purchase from a reliable source though, since even rag paper and card can contain undesirable additives.L) A reliable source for quality rag papers is a recognized art stockiest. Many water color artists insist on using only fine quality rag paper and board.M) The main lesson to learn from this information is that you cannot rely on purchasing archival materials from the high street. The only safe solution is to purchase from specialist suppliers. It may cost rather more, but in the end you will know that your important and valuable data and images have the best home possible.段落匹配专项训练题目：1. The corn-flake packet is cheaper than high grade card.2. There are a lot of materials which can be used for making paper, but the superiority ones are soft wood, cotton and rags.3. During the whole manufacturing process, the final product is made from a pulp of cellulose fibres.4. In order to make white paper and card, the makers will add bleach.5. Liguin is essential for the tree but it will make paper easy to break.6. Many paper producers will preserve lignin during manufacture, because leaving the lignin will make more paper from a tree.7. Acid is particularly harmful to photographic materials.8. If the lignin is removed from the paper, the paper will be more expensive.9. Although free of lignin, paper made from cotton and rag waste can also cost more money than wood pulp paper because there is much less cotton and rag than trees.10. What we can learn from "Paper from Rag" is that you had better buy archival materials from specialist suppliers.段落匹配专项训练答案：1.B根据题干中的信息提示词corn—flake packet,high grade card,可定位到*第二段，该部分最后提到corn-flake packet在制造过程中比高等级的纸(high grade card)便宜.2.C根据题干中的信息提示词soft wood，cotton and rags，可定位到*第三段最后一句。

六级段落匹配专项练习六级段落匹配专项练习原文：A： Pizza Hut was started in 1958， by two brothers in Wichita， Kansas. Frank and Dan Carney had the idea to open a pizza parlor. They borrowed $600 from their mother， and opened the very first Pizza Hut. In 1959，the first franchise unit opened in Topeka， Kansas. Almost a decade later，Pizza Hut would be serving one million customers a week in their 310 locations. In 1970， Pizza Hut was put on the New York Stock Exchange under the ticker symbol PIZ.B： In 1986， Pizza Hut introduced delivery service， something no other restaurant was doing. By the 1990s Pizza Hut sales had reached $4 billion worldwide. In 1998， Pizza Hut celebrated their 40th anniversary，and launched their famous campaign "The Best Pizzas Under One Roof." In 1996， Pizza Hut sales in the United States were over $5 million. Out of all the existing pizza chains， Pizza Hut had the largest market share，46.4%. However， Pizza Huts market share has slowly eroded because of intense competition from their rivals Dominos， Little Caesars and newcomer Papa Johns. Home delivery was a driving force for success，especially for Pizza Hut and Dominos.C： However， this forced competitors to look for new methods of increasing their customer bases. Many pizza chains decided to diversify and offer new non-pizza items such as buffalo wings， and Italian cheese bread. The current trend in pizza chains today is the same. They all tryto come up with some newer， bigger， better， pizza for a low price. Offering special promotions and new pizza variations are popular today as well. For example， chicken is now a common topping found on pizzas.D： In the past， Pizza Hut has always had the first mover advantage. Their marketing strategy in the past has always been to be first. One of their main strategies that they still follow today is the diversification of the products they offer. Pizza Hut is always adding something new to their menu， trying to reach new markets. For example， in 1992 the famous buffet was launched in Pizza Hut restaurants worldwide. They were trying to offer many different food items for customers who didnt necessarily want pizza.E： Another strategy they used in the past and are still using is the diversification of their pizzas. Pizza Hut is always trying to come up with some innovative way to make a pizza into something slightly different - different enough that customers will think its a whole new product. For example，lets look at some of the pizzas Pizza Hut has marketed in the past. In 1983， Pizza Hut introduced their Pan Pizza， which had a guarantee of being ready to eat in 5 minutes when dining at Pizza Hut restaurants. In 1993， they introduced the "BigFoot，" which was two square feet of pizza cut into 21 slices. In 1995， they introduced "Stuffed Crust Pizza，" where the crust would be filled with cheese. In 1997， they marketed "The Edge，" which had cheese and toppings all the way to the edge of the pizza. Currently， they are marketing "The Big NewYorker，" trying to bring the famous New York style pizza to the whole country.F： Another opportunity that Pizza Hut has is their new ordering online system. Anyone with Internet access can order whatever they wish and getit delivered to their house without even speaking to someone. This program has just been started， so we do not have any numbers to support whether or not it will be a success.G： Lastly， Pizza Hut has always valued customer service and satisfaction. In 1995， Pizza Hut began two customer satisfaction programs： a 1-800 number customer hotline， and a customer call-back program. These were implemented to make sure their customers were happy，and always wanted to return. In our plan， we will first give a situation analysis of current and relevant environmental conditions that affect our plan. Next， we will give a brief analysis of the current fast food industry， and any trends or changes that might occur in the future.H： However， the fact that Pizza Hut does have a restaurant to run is also a weakness. Pizza Hut has higher overhead costs， due to the restaurant that other competitors dont have to deal with. Another result of higher overhead costs is higher prices Pizza Hut must charge. Obviously， Pizza Hut is not the low cost producer. They rely on their quality pizza and good service to account for their higher prices.I： An indirect weakness that Pizza Hut has is that they have lost a lot of their customers and market share due to such intense competition with competitors. Pizza Huts opportunities are almost endless. They can increase revenue with their new innovative pizzas， and increase brand loyalty with good customer service.J： Pizza Huts number one threats are from their competitors. Currently， their closest competitor is Dominos Pizza. Dominos main competitive advantage over Pizza Hut is their price. It is generally lower than Pizza Hut. Also， Dominos was very profitable when they ran thepromotional deal of delivering a pizza within 30 minutes. However， many lawsuits have been filed against Dominos in the past for reckless driving by their drivers， so Dominos withdrew the promotion. Little Caesars is another one of Pizza Huts competitors， right behind Dominos in market share. Little Caesars is famous for offering large quantities of pizza for less money. Other competitors include Papa Johns， Sbarro， and Pizza Inn.K： A problem facing all of the pizza chains is that each of their individual competitive advantages are pretty much everyones competitive advantages. Most if not all the top pizza chains offer free delivery，and always have some sort of promotional deal offering large pizzas at reduced prices. Other competitors to take into consideration are frozen pizzas and make-it-yourself pizzas that are purchased in grocery stores. Some examples of these are Tombstone Pizzas， Boboli， and DiGornio pizzas.六级段落匹配专项练习选项：1. Pizza Hut expanded its business into many parts of the country by the time of 1969.2. Pizza Hut has not always dominated the market.3. buffalo wings， and Italian cheese bread are now commonly served at pizza restaurants.4. The diversification strategy is not to be the first mover.5. In Pizza Hut， a Pan Pizza was guaranteed to serve in 5 minutes.6. If you want a pizza from Pizza Hut delivered directly to your house，you have to have Internet access in the first place.7. In order to make sure their customers were happy， Pizza Hut introduced two customer satisfaction programs.8. The higher overhead costs of Pizza Hut obviously accounted for higher prices of their pizzas.9. The reason why Dominos withdrew their promotion was that they suffered legally from reckless driving by their drivers.10. Major pizza makers have to face the problem that their competitive advantages are the same.六级段落匹配专项练习答案：1. A2. B3. C4. D5. E6. F7. G8. H9. J10. K。

四级阅读段落信息匹配题及答案分析四级阅读段落信息匹配题及答案分析 Section B Directions：In this section，you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached toit.Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs.Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived.You may choose a paragraph more than once.Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2. How to Use a Library A)You’re driving your car home from work or sch001.And something goes wron9.The engine stalls out at lights，holds back as you go to pass.It needs a tune up and soon.Where do you go? The library.You can take out an auto repair manual that tells step by step how to tune up your make and model.Or your tennis game has fallen off.You’ve lost your touch at the net.Where do you go? The library for a few books on improving your tennis form. B)“The library!”you say.“That’s where my teacher sends me to dough homework."Unfortunately, I’ve found that’s exactly the way many people feel.If you’re among them.you’re denying yourself the easiest way to improve yourself, enjoy yourself and even cope with life.My first suggestion for making the most of your library is to do what I did，read and read and read.For pleasure——and for understanding. C)If it’s TV that keeps you from cultivating this delicious habit，I can offer a sure remedy.Take home from the library a stack of books that might look interestin9.Pile them on the TV set.Next time you are tempted to turn on a program you really don’t want to see，reach for a book instead. D)Over the years，people collect a mental list of books they mean to read.If you don’t have such a list，here is the suggestion.Take from the library some of the books you might have enjoyed dramatized on TV, like Remargue’s All Quiet on the Western Front，Clavell’s Shegun，Tolkien’s The Hobbit，or Victor Hugo’s Les Mise Rables.If you like what you read、you can follow up with other satisfying books by the same authors. E)Some people in their reading limit themselves to current talked—about best sellers.Oh，what they miss! The library is full of yesterday’s best sellers;and they still make compelling reading today. Some that I've enjoyed：A.B.Guthrie’s The Big Sky，Carl Van Doren’s Benjamin Franklin，Mari Sandoz’s.Old Jules，and Norman Mailer’s The Naked and the Dead. F) How do you find these or any other books you’re looking for? It’s easy—with the card catalog. Every time I go to the library——and I go more than once a week——I invariably make a beeline to the card catalog before anything else.It’s the nucleus of any public library.The card catalog lists every book in the library by：1.author;2.title;3.subject.Let’s pick an interesting subject to look up.I have always been fascinated by astronomy.You’ll be surprised at the wealth of material you will find under “a strong my” to draw upon.And the absorbing books you didn’t know existed on it. CAUTION：Always have a pencil and paper when you use the card catal09. G) Once you jot down the numbers of the books you are interested in，you are ready to find them on the shelves.Libraries call the shelves “the stacks”.In many smaller libraries，which you’ll be using，the stacks will be open for you to browse.To me there is a special thrill in tracking down the books I want in the stacks !For invariably,I find books about which I knew nothin9，and these often turn out to be the very ones l need.You will find the same thing happening to you when you start to browse in the stacks.“A learned mind is the end product of browsing.” CAUTION：If you take a book from the stack s to your work desk，do not try to return it to its proper place.That’s work for the experts.If you replace it incorrectly, the next seeker won’t be able to find it. H)Some of the brightest and rmed men and women in America are the librarians who specialize in providing reference help.Introduce yourself State your problem.And be amazed at how much he p you will receive.CAUTION：Don’t waste the time of this expert by asking silly questions you ought to solve yourself.Save the reference librarian for the really big ones. I) You shot：ld also learn to use the Reader's Guide to Periodical Literature.This green—bound index is me of the most useful items in any library.It indexes all the articles in the major magazines，including newspaper magazine supplements.Thus it provides a guide to the very latest expert information of any subject that interests you.So if you want to do a really first—class job，find out which magazines your library subscribes to，then consult the Reader's Guide and track down recent articles on your subject.When you use this wonderful tool effectively, you show the mark of a real scholar. J) Since you can take most books home，but not magazines，take full notes when using the latter. Many libraries today provide a reprographic machine that can quickly copy pages you need from magazines and books.Ask about it：If you are working on a project of some size which will require repeated library visits，keep a small notebook in which you record the identification numbers of the books you will be using frequently.This will save you valuable time，because you won’t have to consult the card catalog or search aimlessly through the stacks each time you visit for material you seek.Sol fie of the very best books in any library are the reference books，which may not be taken home.Learn what topics they cover and how best to use them，for these books are wonderful repositories (储藏室、资料库)of human knowledge. K) Your library can give you help on any subject.It can even be your business and legal advisor.How many times have you scratched your head over how to get a tax rebate(折扣)on your summer job? You，11 find guides to that.Want to defend yourself in traffic coup? Find out how in legal books at the library. L) Library Projects Can Be Fun and Rewardin9.Here are a few ideas： 1.What are your roots? Trace your ancestors.Many libraries specialize in genealogy. 2.Did George Washington sleep nearby? Or Billy the Kid? Your library’s collection of local history books can put you on the trail. 3.Cook a Polynesian feast.Or an ancient Roman banquet.Read how in the library’s cook books. 4.Take up photography.Check the library for consumer reviews of cameras before you buy.Takeout books on lightin9，composition，or darkroom techniques or—you name it! M)If you haven，t detected by now my enthusiasm for libraries，let me offer two personal notes.I'm particularly pleased that in recent years two beautiful libraries have been named after me：a small community library in Quakertown，Pennsylvania，and the huge research library located at the University of Northern Colorado in Greeley.And I like libraries so much that I married a librarian. 46.The nucleus of any public library is the car，d catalog. 47.Yesterday’s best sellers are still good for readin9，which shouldn’t be overlooked. 48.The author suggests that people should go to the library for answers when things go wrong 49.The Reader，s Guide is a green—bound index which provides a guide to very latest expert information of any subject that interests readers. 50.The sure remedy to kick the TV habit is to take home from the library interesting books to read. 51.There are various kinds of fun and rewarding projects available in different libraries. 52.A notebook will help readers to record the identification numbers of the frequently used books which can’t be taken home. 53.Readers should not try to return the book taken from the stacks to their desk to its proper place. 54.When asking for help，readers are suggested not asking the reference librarians silly questions they ought to solve themselves. 55.When asking for help，readers are suggested not asking the reference librarians silly questions they ought to solve themselves. 46.The nucleus of any public library is the card catalog.任何公共图书馆的核⼼都是卡⽚⽬录。

英语六级阅读段落匹配题模拟In the bustling city, the sun sets gracefully, casting a warm glow on the bustling streets. The city's heartbeat quickens as the evening commute begins, a symphony of wheels and engines.A young student, immersed in her book, sits on a park bench, oblivious to the world around her. Her eyes flicker with the light of understanding as she navigates the complexities of the text, a testament to her dedication.At the heart of the city, a café buzzes with life. Patrons exchange stories and laughter over steaming cups of coffee, creating a tapestry of human connection in the urban jungle.Meanwhile, in a quiet corner, an elderly man pens a letter, his hand steady and his words thoughtful. The ink flows like a river of memories, capturing a lifetime of experiences.Across town, a group of friends gather around a table, their faces lit by the soft glow of a lamp. They sharestories of their day, each anecdote a thread in the fabric of their friendship.In the tranquility of a library, the silence is broken only by the rustle of pages turning. Here, knowledge iswhispered in the hushed tones of the curious and the eager.As night falls, the city lights up like a constellation of dreams and aspirations. The glow of windows and street lamps illuminates the path of those who continue to chase their goals, undeterred by the darkness.In the stillness of the night, a mother reads a bedtime story to her child, her voice a lullaby of love and comfort. The child's eyes grow heavy, a world of dreams waiting to unfold.Finally, as the city slumbers, the quiet hum of night owls and the distant rumble of a late-night train remind us that life is a continuous journey, with each day a new chapter to be written.。

六级英语考试段落匹配训练题及答案解析英语六级考试中，段落匹配题篇章长，对考生的整体阅读能力有了更高的要求，需要考生重视平时的阅读训练。

下面我为大家带来六级英语考试段落匹配训练题，欢迎考生阅读练习。

六级英语考试段落匹配训练题***一***A： Summary： When home office puters go down， many all businesses grind to a halt. Fortunately， taking steps to recover from dXXsters and mimize their effects is uite straightforward.B： Fires，wer surges， and floods， they're all facts of life. We read about them in the rng paper and see them on the eveng news. We sympathize with the victims and miserate overtheir bad luck. We also shake our heads at the digital conseuences—melted puters， system failures， destroyed data. Yet， somehow， many of us continue to live by that old mantra of deal："It won't happen to me." Well， the truth is， at some int you'll probably he to deal with at least one dXXster. That's just how it goes， and in st aspects of our lives we do somethingabout it. We buy insurance. We stow away provisions. We even make dXXster plans and run drills. But for some reason， puter dXXster recovery is a blind st for many of us. It shouldn't be.Homeputers contain some of our st imrtant information， both business and personal， and making certain our data survives a dXXster should be a priority. reover， even the allestdXXster can be a serious disruption. Personal puters he bee an integral part of the ooth-runng household. We use them to mucate， shop， and do homework， and they're even revital to home office users. When home office puters go down， many all businesses grind to a halt. Fortunately，taking steps to recover from dXXsters and mimize their effects is uitestraightforward. With a good offsite storage plan and the right tools， you can bounce back uickly and easily from minor puter dXXsters. And， should a major calamity strike， you can restassured your data issafe.Offsite Storage： Major DXXstersC： House fires and floods are ang the st devastating causes of personal puter destruction. That's why a solid offsite backup and recovery plan is essential. Although many home usersfaithfully back up their hard drives， many would still lose all their data should their house flood our burn. That's bXXuse they keep their backups in relatively close to their puters.Their backup disks might not be in the same room as their puters—tucked away in a closet or even the garage—butthey're not nearly far enough away should a serious dXXster strike. So， it'simrtant to back up your system to a revable medium and to store it elsewhere.D： There are many ways to approach offsite storage. It starts with chXXe of backup tools and storage medium. DXXster sXXations are stressful， and your recovery tools shouldn't add to thatstress. They must be dependable and intuitive， making it easy to schedule regular backups and to retrieve filesin a pinch. They must also be patible with your chXXe of backup medium.Depending on your tools， you can back up to a variety of durable disk types—from CDs to Jaz drives to rete network servers. Although many of these storage media he high capacity， a backuptool with pression capabilities is a big plus， eliminating the inconveence of multiple disks or large uploads.E： Once you select your tools and a suitable medium， you need to find a rete place to store your backups. The options are endless. However， no matter where you choose， be sure the site issecure， easily accessible， and a good distance away from your home. You may also t to consider using an Internet-based backup service. re and re service providers are offering storagespace on their servers， and uploading files to arete location has bee an attractive alternative to conventional offsite storage. Of course， before using one of these services， makXXrtain you pletely trust the service provider and its security methods. Whatever you do， schedule backups regularly and store them far away from your home.e What May： Handling the Garden Variety puter CrisisF： Not all home puter damage results from physical dXXster. Many less menacing problems can also hobble your PC or destroy your information. Systems crash，kids "rearrange" data， adultsinadvertently delete files. Although these events might not seem calamitous， they can he serious implications. So， once again， it's imrtant to be prepared. As with physical dXXsters，regular backups are essential. However， some of these aller issues reuire a resnse that's re nuanced than XXlesale backup and restoration. To deal with less-than-total dXXster，yourtool set must be both werful and agile. For example，when a all number of files are promised， you may t to retrieve those files alone. Meanwhile， if just your settings are affected，you'll t a simple way to roll back to your preferred setup. Yet， should your operating system fail， you'll need a way to boot your puter and performlarge-scale recovery. puter crisese in all shapes and sizes， and your backup and recovery tools must be flexible enough to meet each llenge.The Right Tools for the Right Job： Gearing up for DXXsterG： When dXXster strikes， the uality of your backup tools can make the difference between utter frustration and peace of mind. Symantec understands this and offers a range of top ualitybackup and recovery solutions. Norton GoBack is the perfect tool for random system crashes， failed installations， and inadvertent deletions. With this werful and conveent solution，it'ssimple to retrieve overwritten files or to bring your system back to its pre-crash state. Norton Ghost is a time-tested home office solution. Euipped to handle full-scale backups， it's alsohandy for clong hard drives and facilitating system upgrades. A forite chXXe for IT professionals， it's the ideal tool for the burgeong home office. You can buy Norton Ghost and NortonGoBack separately， or get them both when you purse Norton System Works.H： Life's dXXsters， large and all， often catch us by surprise. However， with a little planng and the right tools， you can reduce those dXXsters to bumps in the road. So， don't waitanother day. Buy a good set of dXXsterrecovery tools， set up an automatic backup schedule， and perform a dry run every now and again. Then， rest easy.1. You should take steps to recover from puter dXXsters so as to mimize their effects.2. For some reason， puter dXXster recovery is always ignored by many of us.3. You can bounce back uickly and easily minor puter dXXsters with the help of a good offsite storage plan and the right tools.4. Thest devastating causes of personal puter destruction includes house fires and floods.5. It's nXXssary for us to back up our systems to some transferable medium and to put it somewhere else.6. You should find a distant place to store your backups after selecting your tools and asuitable medium.7. Not only physical dXXster can damage your puter.8. The backup and recovery tools must beflexible enough to deal with various puter crises.9. The uality of your backup tools determines whether you are frustrated or he a peaceful mind when dXXster strikes.10. You should prepare for your puter dXXsters now and again.六级英语考试段落匹配训练题答案1. A根据题干中的信息词recover from puter dXXsters定位到本文的第一段。

英语四级段落信息匹配练习题A Grassroots RemedyA) Most of us spend our lives seeking the natural world. To this end, we walk the dog, play golf, go fishing, sit in the garden, drink outside rather than inside the pub, have a picnic, live in the suburbs, go to the seaside, buy a weekend place in the country. The most popular leisure activity in Britain is going for a walk. And when joggers (慢跑者) jog, they dont run the streets. Every one of the minstinctively heads to the park or the river. It is my profound belief that not only do we all need nature, but we all seek nature, whether we know we are doing so or not.B) But despite this, our children are growing up nature-deprived ( 丧失) , I spent my boyhood climbing trees on Stratham Common, south London. These days, children are robbed of these an cientfreedoms, due to problems like crime, traffic, the loss of the open spaces and odd new perceptions about what is best for children, that is to say, things that can be bought, rather than things that can be found.C) The truth is to be found elsewhere. A study in the U.S. families had moved to better housing andthe children were assessed for ADHD -- attention deficit hyperactivity disorder ( 多动症) .Thosewhose accommodation had more natural views showed an improvement of 19%; those who had thesame improvement in material surroundings but no nice view improved just 4%.D) A study in Sweden indicated that kindergarten children who could play in a natural environment hadless illness and greater physical ability than children used only to a normal playground. A U.S. studysuggested that when a school gave children access to a natural environment, academic levels wereraised across the entire school.E) Another study found that children play differently in a natural environment. In playgrounds, children create a hierarchy (等级) based on physical abilities, with the tough ones taking the lead. But when a grassy area was planted with bushes, the children got much more into fantasy play, and the social hierarchy was now based on imagination and creativity.F) Most bullying (持枪凌弱) is found in schools where there is a tarmac (柏油碎石) play ground; the least bullying is in a natural area that the children are encouraged to explore. This reminds mean pleasantly of Sunny hill School in Stratham, with its harsh tarmac, where I used to hang about incomers fantasizing about wildlife. The children are frequently discouraged from involvement with natural spaces, for health and safety reasons, for fear that they might get dirty or that they might cause damage. So, instead, the damage is done to the children themselves: not to their bodies but to their souls.G) One of the great problems of modem childhood is ADHD, now increasingly and expensively treated with drugs. Yet one study after another indicates that contact with nature gives huge benefits to ADHD children. However, we spend money on drugs rather than on green places.H) The life of old people is measurably better when they have access to nature. The increasing emphasis for the growing population of old people is in quality rather than quantity of years. And study after studyfinds that a garden is the single most important thing in finding that quality.I) In wider and more difficult areas of life, there is evidence to indicate that natural surroundingsim prove all kinds of things. Even problems with crime and aggressive behavior are reduced when there is contact with the natural world. Dr. William Bird, researcher from the Royal Society for the Protection of birds, states in his study, "A natural environment can reduce violent behavior because its restorative process helps reduce anger and impulsive behavior." Wild places need encouraging for this reason, no matter how small their contribution.J) We tend to look on nature conservation as some kind of favor that human beings are granting to the natural world. The error here is far too deep: not only do humans need nature for themselves, but the very idea that humanity and the natural world are separable things is profoundly damaging. Human beings are a species of mammals (哺乳动物) . For seven million years they lived on the planet as part of nature. Our ancestral selves miss the natural world and long for contact with nonhuman life. Anyone who has patted a dog, stoked a cat, sat under a tree with a pint of beer, given or received a bunch of flowers or chosen to walk through the park on a nice day, understands that. We need the wild world. It is essential to our well-being, our health, our happiness. Without the wild world we are not more but less civilized. Without other living things around us we are less than human.K) Five Ways to Find Harmony with the Natural World Walk: Break the rhythm of permanently being under a roof. Get off a stop earlier, makea circuit of the park at lunchtime, walk the child to and from school, get a dog, feel yourself moving in moving air, look, listen, absorb.Sit: Take a moment, every now and then, to be still in an open space. In the garden, anywhere thats not in the office, anywhere out of the house, away from the routine. Sit under a tree, look at water, feel refreshed, ever so slightly renewed.Drink: The best way to enjoy the natural world is by oneself; the second best way is in company. Take a drink outside with a good person, a good gathering: talk with the sun and the wind with bird-song for background.Learn: Expand your boundaries. Leam five species of bird, five butterflies, five trees, five bird songs. That way, you see and hear more: and your mind responds gratefully to the greater amount of wildness in your life.Travel: The places you always wanted to visit: by the seaside, in the country, in the hills. Take a week-end break, a day-trip, get out these and do it: for the scenery, for the way through the woods, for the birds, for the bees. Go somewhere special and bring specialness home. It lasts forever, after all.46. The study in Sweden shows that more access to nature makes children less likely to fall ill.47. The authors profound belief is that people instinctively seek nature in different ways.48. It can be very helpful to provide more green spaces for children with ADHD.49. Elderly people will enjoy a life of better quality when they contact more with nature.50. Nowadays, people think things that can be bought are best for children, rather than things that can be found.51. Dr. William Bird suggests in his study that access to nature contributes to the reduction of violence.52. According to a study in the U. S. Children with ADHD whose accommodation had more naturalviews showed much better improvement.53. Children who have chances to explore natural areas are less likely to be involved in bullying.54. We can find harmony with the natural world in various ways, among which there are walking,sitting, drinking, learning and traveling.55. It is extremely harmful to think that humanity and the natural world can be separated.。

高二英语段落匹配题精选段落匹配题是英语考试中常见的一种题型，要求考生根据一系列的短文段落选择合适的选项来填充空白处。

下面是精选的高二英语段落匹配题，旨在帮助考生更好地理解和掌握这一题型。

1. Technology in EducationWith the rapid development of technology, its role in education has become increasingly important. Technological advancements have brought about significant changes in the way students learn and teachers teach. Gone are the days of traditional blackboards and textbooks; now, we have interactive whiteboards and online resources that offer a wealth of information at our fingertips.2. The Benefits of Physical ExerciseRegular physical exercise brings a multitude of benefits to both our physical and mental health. Engaging in physical activities not only helps to strengthen our muscles and bones, but it also boosts our immune system and improves our cardiovascular health. Additionally, exercise releases endorphins, which are known as "feel-good" hormones that help to reduce stress and improve our mood.3. The Importance of Time ManagementEffective time management is essential for productivity and success in all areas of life. It involves prioritizing tasks, setting goals, and allocating time appropriately. By managing our time effectively, we can increase efficiency, minimize stress, and achieve a better work-life balance. Timemanagement skills are particularly crucial for students, as they need to juggle multiple responsibilities such as studying, extracurricular activities, and personal commitments.4. The Impact of Social MediaSocial media has revolutionized the way we communicate and connect with others. It has provided a platform for instant sharing of information, ideas, and opinions, transcending geographical boundaries. While social media can foster social connections and facilitate the spread of knowledge, it also presents challenges such as privacy concerns and online harassment. Therefore, it is essential for individuals to use social media responsibly and with caution.5. The Benefits of ReadingReading is a valuable activity that promotes intellectual growth and personal development. It expands our knowledge, enhances our vocabulary, and improves our critical thinking skills. Moreover, reading can be a form of relaxation and escapism, allowing us to explore different worlds and perspectives. In today's digital age, where screens dominate our lives, it is crucial to cultivate a habit of reading to reap its numerous benefits.6. The Impact of Climate ChangeClimate change is a pressing global issue that requires immediate attention. Human activities, such as burning fossil fuels and deforestation, have contributed to the rising levels of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere, leading to global warming. The consequences of climate change include extreme weather events, rising sea levels, and the loss of biodiversity. It iscrucial for individuals, communities, and governments to take collective action to mitigate and adapt to the effects of climate change.以上是一篇关于高二英语段落匹配题的精选文章，希望能够帮助你更好地理解和应对这种题型。

Directions: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it.Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify theparagraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph morethan once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by markingthe corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.（请在文章中标出选择1-10题答案的理由）Passage 1:Crippled by ComputersA)As more U.S. workers spend their days at keyboards, hand injuries and lawsuits aremultiplying. As jobs in journalism go, Grant McCool‟s was a very desirable assignment.Based in Hong Kong for Routers news service, McCool covered breaking news throughout east Asia, travelling to South Korea, China and Pakistan. But in 1997, after five hectic years, the native of Scotland was ready for a change. That‟s when his bosses transferred him to New York City to be an editor. That‟s also when the trouble started. After typing on his computer keyboard for hours a day over several months, McCool developed excruciating(难以忍受的) pain in his hands; some mornings he would wake with his arms throbbing (跳动) and burning.“The doctor told me to stop typing immediately,”recalls McCool, 32. He hasn‟t written or edited a story on deadline since. Nor has he been able to clean house, carry heavy objects or play tennis. He cannot even drive a car; controlling the steering wheel with his injured hands is impossible.B)McCool suffers from a severe case of cumulative(累积的) trauma（创伤）disorder, a syndromethat results from overusing the muscles and tendons (腱) of the fingers, hands, arms and shoulders. The condition brings pain, numbness, weakness and sometimes long-term disability.Such problems, more commonly known as repetitive stress injuries (RSI), now strike an estimated 185,000 U.S. office and factory workers a year. The cases account for more than half the country‟s occupational illness, compared with about 20 percent a decade ago.C) A particularly fast-growing category of victims includes white-collar professional and clericalworkers who spend their days pounding away at keyboards. An increasing number are responding in a white-collar way: with lawsuits. Hundreds of injured telephone reservationists(预定业务承办员), cahiers, word processors and journalists, McCool among them, are suing computer manufacturers, blaming the machines for their disabilities. IBM, Apple Computers, AT&T and Kodak‟s Atex-division, which produces a word processing system designed for journalists, have all been named in the suits, which demand damages of up to a $1 million or more per victim.D)Employers are quickly learning that they must face up to the problem. Already, RSI costsabout $7 billion a year in lost productivity and medical costs. Moreover, under the provisions (条款) of the American with Disabilities Act, which went into effect this summer, employers are now required to accommodate “reasonably”workers with physical impairments (损伤).Companies may have to transfer employees with RSI to less stressful jobs or give them special help. Increasingly, union and other worker groups are demanding that companies provide better keyboards and office furniture and give employees more frequent breaks to reduce the risk of injury.E)How ironic that computers, the very technology celebrated for making office work easier,would cause such harm. By now, nearly half the U.S. work force—some 45 millionworkers—use computers (through not all spend hour after hour punching keys). “We thought technology was going to help us, which it does. But we did not consider that we would also have adjust the workplace at the same time,”says Barbara Siverstein, research director of Washington State‟s department of labor and industries.F)RSI involves not just one but an array of ailments resulting from tugging, pounding andstraining crucial tissues in the upper body. It usually begins harmlessly. “People think they‟ve had a particularly hard day or that they‟re getting old,” says Frank Fernandez, an Oakland, California, attorney who has filed suit against several computer manufacturers on behalf of RSI suffers.G)But as the hands continue to be overworked, symptoms worsen. Tendons, which are like longpulleys (滑轮) directing the movement of the fingers from many places in the hands and arms, can swell up, producing painful tendonitis (腱炎). Soreness can also result from the inflammation of sheaths (鞘) surrounding the tendons. Muscles in the forearm that control the movement of fingers may be irritated. As tissues become inflamed and swollen, they can press on nearby nerves, causing tingling(感到刺痛) and weakness in the fingers. Sometimes scar tissue develops in the area. All together these injuries, if not treated, can result in diminished coordination and strength: patients may literally lose their grip and have trouble managing simple manual tasks.H)It is hard to conceive how the gentle patter (轻拍) of fingers over a computer keyboard coulddo such damage. People have, after all, been typing for decades, and computers would seem to be an improvement over clunky(发出咯噔声的) typewriters. But word processors pose special problems. They allow workers to sit with their fingers flying across the keyboard at 240 strokes a minute for hours without a break. A typewriter, by contrast, forces workers to pause every so often to move the carriage or change the paper. The amount of time spent at the keyboard is critical: a study in Australia found that people who typed for more than five hours a day at a computer had 2 times as great a risk of developing RSI as those who spent less time.I)The modern office has left many employees with little variation in their daily tasks. “Insteadof running to the file cabinet to pull out information or going to the library, workers can do everything they need to by just sitting at the keyboard,” says Silverstein. “They don‟t even have to get up to talk to each other. Now they have electronic messaging.”Even today‟s phones with push button instead of dials strain the same tired tendons.J)Admittedly, personal traits and habits often influence who will develop RSI. A pioneer in treating the injuries, Dr. Emil Pascarelli, medical director of New York City‟s Miller Institute at St. Luke‟s-Roosevelt Hospital, points out how very heavy people can get into trouble. For their hands to reach the keyboard, they have to maneuver their arms around their own girth (围长)，and wind up contorting（扭曲）their twists inward. Double-jointedness can also be a risk of factor. Smokers may have fewer injuries, thanks to their periodic breaks away from the terminal to satisfy nicotine cravings. And what goes on outside the office can be just as damaging as what happened in it. Observes Katy Keller, a physical therapist at the Miller Institute: “Injured people go home and talk on the telephone, stir the supper and carry the baby at all the same time. All this does add to the physical stress of the workday.”K)New, more benign (宜人的) technology would help. In the U.S. and elsewhere, designers are scrambling to create radically different keyboards that will be easier on the hands. But theultimate goal is to do away with the keyboard. Reuters has given McCool a voice-activated computer that can type words and perform other functions in response to his verbal commands.Such machines are still slow and unreliable and can “understand” only a limited vocabulary, but the technology is improving rapidly. When voice-activated computers spread through the workplace, probably sometime early in the next century, the only occupational risk might be an occasional attack of laryngitis(喉炎).1.The main reason why today‟s computer typists are more likely to suffer from repetitive stressinjuries (RSI) than typist in the past is that today‟s workers have little variety in the task and take fewer breaks from the keyboard.2.Grant McCool, a news service editor, developed unbearable pain in his hands after typing onhis computer keyboard for hours over quite a few months.3.McCool‟s trouble, which is known as RSI (repetitive stress injuries) resulting from overusingthe muscles and tendons of the fingers, hands, arms and shoulders, now strikes a large number of office and factory workers.4.The affliction of RSI also has something to do with today‟s working conditions.5.The RSI victims, including white-collar professional and clerical workers, are now starting alegal case against computer manufacturers demanding damages.6.Some people regard it as ironic that computers would cause such harm instead of doing usgood, but others think we should be responsible for this too, for we failed to adjust the workplace.7.As the hands continue to be overworked, symptoms will worsen; patients may eventually losetheir grip and have trouble doing simple manual jobs.8.Peculiar personal traits and habits may not only play a part in the infliction of RSI butaggravate work-related injuries as well.9.The best solution to the problem of RSI is to design radically different computers, simplydoing away with the keyboard.10.Under the provisions of the Americans with Disabilities Act, employers are obliged to transferinjured employees to less stressful jobs and give them special help.Passage 2:Forget-Me-NotA.It happens all the time: You study for a test. Then while you‟re taking the test, you can‟tremember something you know you studied. You panic, and spend time trying to remember the answer—but by then your time is up. “I really studied this,” you fret. As you hand in your paper and leave class, you remember: “That‟s it! I knew that”When something like this happens, it is called a tip-of-the-tongue memory lapse. Everyone experiences them. When such a lapse occurs, you strain to remember something with no success at all. Then, later, when you aren‟t thinking about the problem, the material just pops back into your mind.B.The stress of trying to remember something important—perhaps during a test or whenspeaking or performing in front of a group of people—actually can trigger such a momentary mental block. This can happen even when you are certain you know that “something.” How can one relieve these momentary mental log-jams? Just leaving the forgotten subject alone for even a few seconds will sometimes free up your reluctant memory.C.There are many theories to explain how memory is stored in the brain. One thing memoryexperts generally agree in, however, is that one‟s memory begins to work almost at birth.Experiments have been dome on newborn infants to determine how early in life memory begins. The infants are presented with a stimulus such as a bell. The first time the bell is rung the infants produce a “startle reaction.” The next time the bell is rung, the infants do not react as strongly. The only explanation for this diminished response is that the infants recognize the bell as something they have experienced before. The stimulus, therefore, had become familiar.In this case, memory is already present. By one or two months of age, even more powerful memory occurs. Babies then can remember and recognize their mother s‟ faces peering over the sides of their cribs.D.Oddly enough, there wasn‟t such efficient interest in memory until fairly recently. Now,however, research on ways to enhance both memory and learning is taking place at a number of institutions. At Iowa State University, for instance, Dr. Donald Schuster, a professor of psychology, has demonstrated something interesting in controlled laboratory studies. He found that a quiet, peaceful atmosphere accompanied by baroque or other classical background music can facilitate memory and learning. Listening to baroque music may have a direct psychological effect and when people are calm and relaxed, they learn and remember more.E.Researchers say that memory difficulties arise because of two factors. First, a person muststore information correctly in memory. Next, the person must be able to get this information out of memory and use it when it is needed. If information is not stored correctly, it is plain that it can‟t be called forth accurately. So, storing information correctly is the first and most important step.F.Sometimes the memory process can made easier by conscious use of strategies. Somestrategies are useful during the memorization process, others later for recalling what was learned. The strategy of association is helpful in storing information. Many people have trouble remembering names. This is probably because they failed to get a name right in the first place. Very often, people simply do not pay attention when others are introduced. If you have trouble remembering names, try a strategy of association. For example, say you were introduced to a plain young woman named Joyce Miller? Well, if she were a happy young woman, you could associate her first name with the word joy. Or you could think of her as living or working in a mill. Then you could think of “happy mill”whenever you saw her—Joyce Miller!G.Another way to aid your memory is to use mnemonics or memory aids. You probably usemnemonics to remember the number of days in the months: “Thirty days hath September, April, June, and November…” Another way to use mnemonics is to use cues. The old idea of tying a string around your finger to remind you of something is using a cue. Acronyms are another useful aid. For example, people often use the letters H O M E S to help them remember the names of the five Great Lakes: Huron, Ontario, Michigan, Erie, and Superior.H.Besides these strategies to aid memorization, there are other common-sense ways to improvememory. And one‟s memory can be improved. All it takes is a little effort. For example, when trying to remember information for a test, there are certain things to keep in mind. If you write down the information you want to learn, it will be easier to remember. Because you have written it, you may be able to picture the information in your mind and recall it during the test.In addition to writing it down, if you also say it aloud, it will even be easier to remember.I.When you are taking a test and suddenly forget what you have studied—don‟t panic. Relaxand go on to the next question. You may find that relaxing helps you remember. Or, you may read something in another part of the test that reminds you of what you forgot.J.If you think your memory is really poor, carry around a notebook specially to keep notes in.Don‟t trust yourself to remember what your homework assignment is or what your next test covers—write it down! And check your notebook before you leave school at the end of the day so you can be sure to bring home the books you need. Another way to keep your memory sharp is to be physically and mentally active. If you spend hours in front of the television set or spend most of your spare time eating and sleeping, your memory will be sluggish. Exercise and fresh air will keep you alert both physically and mentally. And, of course, it‟s always easier to remember something if you are interested in it. You must be motivated to remember something you have to care about. Therefore, try to become interested in what you have to learn. It won‟t be easy at first, but with practice it will be less and less difficult.K.The human memory has amazing potential. For instance, if people stored ten bits of information every second of their lives, by their 100th birthdays they would have used up far less than half the storage capacity of their brains.L.The ability to recall information from memory does not seem to decline greatly with advancing years. And the older person may recall facts even better than the young. Those of us who are prone to bouts of forgetfulness can take heart in the knowledge that perhaps the greatest mind of the twentieth century occasionally fell prey to memory lapses. Albert Einstein, “the father of the atomic age,” once went to New York City to make a speech and got lost after forgetting the name of his hotel. Maybe there‟s hope after all the rest of us!1.This article points out that storing information correctly and getting it out of memoryaccurately are two important factors that influence processing a memory.2.The human memory had such amazing potential that its capacity is, so to speak, limitless.3.Classical background music makes learning and remembering easier because it can keeppeople calm and relaxed.4.Stress of trying to remember something important may trigger a momentary mental block.5. A common-sense way to improve your memory is just to write down the information youwant to learn and say it out loud.6.Association is a strategy that can effectively help memory and recall.7.Memory begins when babies born.8.To be physically and mentally active can keep your memory sharp.9.Bouts of forgetfulness are just something that can‟t be helped and they are not absolutelyrelated to a person‟s intellectual power or creative thinking.10.Acronyms, words formed from the initial letters of a group of names, are usually memory aidpeople often use.Passage 3:The Sense That Shapes Our FutureA.When he puts his three-year-old daughter to bed at night, psychologist Michael Meaney givesher an extra hug. His animal research suggest that caresses (爱抚) in early youth may lead in adulthood to healthier brain cells, cleaner memories and fewer problems from aging.B.Premature babies fill rows of incubators(放置早产儿的恒温箱) in a city hospital. All receivethe same food, but those who are massaged daily show greater weight gain and mental development that preemies(早产儿) who aren‟t. Shoppers in a supermarket are asked to sample a new brand of pizza. Those who are touched for a fraction of a second during the sales pitch are more likely to buy the new product.C.Touch is the first sense we develop, and we acquire it before birth. We could not live withoutit. Imagine being unable to sense the danger of scalding(滚烫的) water or to feel our way down a dark stairway. We tend to think of sight as our most important sense, yet we close our eyes in sleep for a third of each day. Touch never blinks, never turns off its awareness of the world around us.D.Scientists have now discovered that touch also shapes our minds and health. Dr. SaulSchanberg, professor of pharmacology (药理学) and biological psychiatry (精神病学) at Duke University in Durham, North Carolina, studied baby rats. He found that when separated from their mother for as little as 45 minutes they underwent major internal changes. Their level of growth hormone(荷尔蒙) and of a key enzyme(酶) dropped sharply, but came back to normal soon after their mother returned to the nest. The lack of touch from the mother‟s licking triggered these biochemical changes, but firmly stroking the newborns with a moist paintbrush restored them to normal.E.In collaboration with Scanberg, researchers at the University of Miami Medical School‟sTouch Research Institute, directed by psychologist Tiffany Field, began giving premature babies 45 minutes of massage each day. Common wisdom had held that these infants should be kept in an isolated, womb-like environment that touch would stress them and impair their chances for survival. Nevertheless, Field hand her co-workers gave 20 stabilized preemies three 15-minute period of slow, firm massage stroked and limb movements. Within ten days the massaged babies showed 47-percent greater weigh gain than their ward-mates, as well as improved sleep, alertness and activity? Up to eight months later they displayed greater mental and physical skills. Most dramatically, the massaged preemies were able to leave the costly critical-care unit an average of six days earlier than preemies not massaged. Field explains that touch stimulate certain hormones that emerge naturally in full-term babies, including those that facilitate food absorption.F.According to Dr. Ronald Barr of Montreal‟s Children Hospital, some infants are held onlyabout two to three hours each day by their mothers, compared with some African tribal cultures in which babies are handled or carried by their mothers up to 90 percent of the time.Adds nursing professor Kathryn Barnard, “About 80 percent of a baby‟s communication is done through body movement and skin-to-skin contact makes it easier for a mother to read that communication.” The more a mother holds her baby, the more aware she is of the baby‟s needs.G.Touching serves purposes beyond giving comfort and security. Scientists have discovered thatwhen babies put a rattle or toy in their mouths they are doing more than just trying to taste.They are using their lips and tongue, among the most sensitive regions of touch, to confirm and refine what their eyes see. Confirming the distance, shape and hardness of their surroundings with touch helps them to develop other sense such as sight.H.Even as adults we rarely accept the notion that: “seeing is believing.”Instead we speak ofpreferring things that we can “get a grip on,”that are “tangible.”The world we perceive through touch differs from what our eyes see. Put on a blindfold and have a friend touchcookies cutters of different shapes against your skin; the average person will recognize the shape less than half the time. But if you are allowed to touch each cookies cutter with your finger, recognition jumps to 95-percent accuracy.I.More touching may take place in preschool or kindergarten then during any other period.Touching is lowest in the early to mid teens, but, late in high school or early in college, most people begin touching members of the opposite sex, a pattern that grows more intense until marriage. “When we‟ve studied couples in public places,”says University of Missouri psychology professor Frank Willis, Jr., “we observed that before marriage the man initiates touching with the woman. After marriage, it‟s always the woman who touches the man first.”J.Generally, successful and self-confident people feel freer to touch others than shy, unsure ones.In daily life women use and accept touching far more than men do, and are more sensitive to touch everywhere from fingerprints to their toes. Men, who tend to perceive universal touch as a sign of dominance and of their own vulnerability, more often react to touch with tension. K.Some touch messages may be easily misinterpreted. A brief touch on the shoulder, elbow or hand is usually friendly. But when someone of the opposite sex touches you, does it convey friendliness, a come-on or harassment(骚扰)? A lingering touch on the hand, face or neck is likely something more. A pat on the head can be patronizing, conveying “I am the adult, you child.‟L.Even when unnoticed, touch exerts a powerful psychological impact. Willis found that when shoppers were solicited(恳求) to try a sample of pizza or when passers-by were asked to signa petition(请愿书), many more complied(依从) when given a slight touch lasting a fraction ofa second. Other researchers have found that a momentary touch gains bigger tips forwaitresses. Says Willis, “New research into our nonverbal behavior reflects what successful salespeople have long known: A light, inconspicuous touch can often persuade customers that you are familiar and a friend.”M.In hospitalized patients, the caring touch of nurses and loved ones can relieve anxiety and tension headaches. Touch can sometimes reduce rapid heartbeat and heart arrhythmia(心律不齐). “Human contact makes people feel better, more comfortable and secure,” says registered nurse Rita King. “More than that, it has a placebo(安慰剂) effect. When patients feel they‟re in good caring hands, they heal faster.”31.Touch is the first sense we develop; it makes us aware of the world around us.32.It is noticed that the man initiates touching with the woman before marriage, but aftermarriage, the woman always touches man first.33.By putting a toy in their mouths, babies are using their most sensitive regions of touch toconfirm and refine what their eyes see.34.Some doctors believe that the more a mother holds her baby, the more aware she is of thebaby‟s needs.pared with those who are shy or unsure, successful and self-confident people would feelfreer to touch others.36.Be careful. Some touch messages may be easily misinterpreted.37.According to psychologist Michael Meaney, caresses in early youth may enable a person tohave in adulthood healthier brain cells and clearer memories.38.The caring touch of nurses can relieve patients of their anxiety and tension.39.Firm massage strokes and limb movements give premature babies a better chance to survivebecause they stimulate certain hormones that emerge naturally in full-term babies.40.Biological researches clearly show that the mother‟s licking causes internal biochemicalchanges in newborn baby animals.Passage 4：Discovery by AccidentA.In the long history of man 'inventiveness, discoveries seem to fall into two classes. The first isthe ingenious person who sets out to find the solution to a problem. The second is the lucky one who appears to stumble upon something by accident.B.But we should be clear that we mean by "accident." For the "accidental" aspect of many greatdiscoveries is that something unusual has happened when there is an observant person present who notice what has happened, and set to work to find out why.C.The best example of this happened so long ago that no one can say who was the inventor.Consider the wheel, without which we should have neither clocks nor motorcars, neither airplanes nor steamships. But men had been making wheels for tens of thousands of years before someone thought of using them to make work easier. Skeletons of people who died fifty thousand years ago were discovered to be wearing little wheels as articles of personal adornment; wheels are painted on their pottery and carved on their bone implements. Their children must have played with small wheels, yet thousands of years had to pass before someone thought of making a larger wheel and fitting to a sled, thus making a car.D.During the First World War, Mr. Harry Brearley, a well-known expert in metals, was asked toinvestigate the problem of "pitting"(凹痕) which spoiled gun barrels after being fired for a certain length of time. In his research, the first thing that Mr. Brearley did was to order a number of barrels to be made of new steel alloys. One of these alloys contained a higher percentage of chromium(铬) than had ever been used before.E. A gun barrel was made of this new "chromium steel"; but the first shot fired through it brokeit into a dozen pieces. So the scraps were thrown on to the waste heap. A week or two weeks afterwards, Mr. Brearley noticed that among the now rusty scraps of metal were a few which were as bright as when they had left the foundry. These were the broken pieces of the chromium steel barrels. From this accidental discovery developed the enormous benefits of "stainless steel."F.The same desire to find out why lies behind one of the most valuable inventions of all time:that of penicillin. A culture of deadly bacteria that Dr. Alexander Fleming was experimenting with became mouldy(发霉的). He noticed that where the mould had formed, the deadly micro-organisms were dying fast. Had he then, he asked himself, found something which would actually kill the bacteria? With the help of other scientists, he was able to cultivate the mould, which had been identified as Pencillium Notatum(特异青霉). Eventually, that mould was mass produced, and given to the world as the "wonder-drug," penicillin.G.Behind the great rubber industry of today lies a story of one man's search and of his luckydiscovery by accident. Charles Goodyear was an American who had been trying for years to find a way in which rubber could be made to produce a hard, non-sticky, and yet elastic substance. For the trouble is that rubber, in its natural state, is hard when cold and soft and sticky when heated.H.One day, by chance, Goodyear dropped a small piece of sulphur (硫磺) slipped out of his。