云南师范大学学科教学(英语)高级英语2019到2011九套考研真题

云师大英语考研题目及答案云南师范大学英语考研题目及答案一、阅读理解（共4篇，每篇5题，每题2分，共40分）1. 文章文章摘要：本文探讨了技术在教育领域的影响，包括在线学习、远程教育和个性化学习工具的发展。

问题1：技术对教育的积极影响是什么？答案：技术提高了教育资源的可访问性，促进了个性化学习，并且使远程教育成为可能。

问题2：在线学习的主要优势是什么？答案：在线学习允许学生根据自己的时间表学习，提供了灵活的学习环境。

问题3：个性化学习工具如何帮助学生？答案：个性化学习工具通过适应每个学生的学习速度和风格，帮助他们更有效地学习。

问题4：远程教育面临的挑战有哪些？答案：远程教育面临的挑战包括学生参与度不足、技术问题以及缺乏面对面交流。

问题5：作者对技术在教育中应用的总体看法是什么？答案：作者认为技术极大地改善了教育的质量和可及性，但也强调了需要解决的挑战。

2. 文章标题：The Role of Social Media in Modern Society文章摘要：本文分析了社交媒体在现代社会中的角色，包括信息传播、社交互动和商业营销。

问题1：社交媒体在信息传播中的作用是什么？答案：社交媒体作为快速传播信息的平台，对公众意识的形成和事件的快速响应具有重要作用。

问题2：社交媒体如何影响人们的社交互动？答案：社交媒体改变了人们的交流方式，提供了新的社交渠道，但同时也可能导致面对面交流的减少。

问题3：商业营销在社交媒体上的应用有哪些？答案：商业营销利用社交媒体的广泛覆盖和定向广告功能，以吸引潜在客户并提高品牌知名度。

问题4：社交媒体对个人隐私的影响是什么？答案：社交媒体可能导致个人信息的泄露和隐私侵犯，需要用户更加注意个人信息的保护。

问题5：作者对社交媒体的总体评价是什么？答案：作者认为社交媒体是现代社会不可或缺的一部分，但同时也强调了需要对其潜在负面影响保持警惕。

3. 文章标题：Environmental Protection and Sustainable Development文章摘要：本文讨论了环境保护与可持续发展之间的关系，以及实现这一目标的策略。

2017年云南师范⼤学硕⼠研究⽣⼊学考试学科教育⾼级英语真题云南师范⼤学2017年硕⼠研究⽣⼊学考试⾃命题科⽬试卷报考专业：学科教学（英语）考试科⽬及代码：⾼级英语821考试时量：150分钟试卷编号：（A卷）考号：姓名：I. Vocabulary and Structure (每题2分, 共40分)Directions:Choose the best word or phrase to complete each of the following statements.1. ______，Marcia walked up to the podium and deliverer an animated acceptance speech．A．Excited about winning the award．B．Been excited with winning the award．C．To be excited about winning the awardD．Exciting with winning the award2. As a scientific document, the book should stand for several years until further make revision .A. development; impossibleB. experiments; optionalC. advances; necessaryD. attempts; undesirable3. When I was a teenager，I______a lot and people couldn’t understand what I was saying．A．complainedB．mumbledC．utteredD．gossiped4. Dry farming is a type of agriculture used in areas less than 20 inches of rainfall.A. there areB. where there isC. in which isD. which has5. Not until 1942______a drying patient’s life using penicillin．A．when John Bumstead and Orvan Hess saved B．saved John Bumstead and Orvan HessC．did John Bumstead and Orvan Hess saveD．that John Bumstead and Orvan Hess saved6. Birds that breed on high cliffs have pear－ shaped eggs that roll ina tight circle，making_____less likely to roll off the cliff．A．somewhereB．sometimesC．somethingD．somewhat7. ______，the condor in Peru is threatened by the rapid encroachment of humans．A．As isolated as its few remaining habitats may be．B．As its few remaining isolated habitats may be．C．May its few remaining habitats be as isolated．D．Its few remaining habitats may be as isolatcd．8.When the limestone or other carbonate rock just below the ground surface dissolves naturally, ______ collapses and forms sinkholes.A．a landB．the landC．the landsD．lands9. We look with pride at our new bridges and dams, for they are works of art as well as of______.A．leisureB．aestheticsC．drudgeryD．utility10. When two people feel the same way about each other, their feelings are ______.A．habitualB．mutualC．relevantD．equivalent11.American schools tend to put more emphasis on developing ______ skills than they do on acquiring quantities of facts. Students are encouraged to ask questions, think for themselves and express their own opinions. A．critical-thinking B．interpersonalC．intellectualD．social12. At each end of the tube ______, one which gathers light and one which magnifies the image.A．are two lenses thereB．two lenses areC．are two lensesD．two lenses are there13. Reports have recommended that universities should prize good teaching______ good research.A．the same asB．much asC．as well asD．in accordance with14.The county of Kent is known as the "Garden of England"______it yieldsa bountiful harvest of fruits and vegetables.A．althoughB．becauseC．so thatD．such as15.______ almost every major city in the world.A．Air pollution that now afflictsB．Not only does air pollution now afflictC．Air pollution now afflictsD．Air pollution is now afflicted16.it has been estimated that one hundred thousand men participated in the gold rush of 1898.A.approximatelyB.untilC.moreD.as much as17.It is generally true that the lower the stock market falls,A. higher the price of gold risesB. the price of gold rises highC. the higher the price of gold risesD. rises high the price of gold18. Famous for his punctuation, typography, and language, Edward Estlin Cummings published his collected poems in 1954.A. new innovations forB. innovations newly approached inC. newly approachedD. innovations in19. The average elevation of the Himalayas is twenty thousand feet, and Mount Qomolangma to more than twenty-nine thousand feet at its apexA.risesB.raisesC. arosesD.arises20. Unless protected areas are established, the Bengal tiger, the blue whale, and the California condor face of extinction.A. possibleB. the possibilityC. being possibleD. possiblyII. Close Test (每题2分, 共40分)Directions:Read the following passage carefully and fill in each blank with the best choice.Most worthwhile careers require some kind of specialized training. Ideally, therefore, the choice of an 1 should be made even before choice of a curriculum in high school. Actually, 2 , most people make several job choices during their working lives, 3 because of economic and industrial changes and partly to improve their position. The "one perfect job" does not exist. Young people should 4 enter into a broad flexible training program that will fit them for a 5 of work rather than for a single job. Unfortunately many young people have to make career plans 6 benefit of help from a competent vocational counselor or psychologist. Knowing 7 about the occupational world, or themselves for that matter, they choose their lifework on a hit-or-miss 8 . Some drift from job to job. Others 9 to work in which they are unhappy and for which they are not fitted.One common mistake is choosing an occupation for its real or 10 prestige. Too many high school students or their parents for them choose the professional field, 11 both the relatively small proportion of workers in the professions and the extremely high educational and personal 12 . The prestige that people tend to 13 to a profession or a white-collar job is no good reason for choosing it as life's work.14 , these occupations are not always well paid. Since a large 15 of jobs are in mechanical and manual work, the majority of young people should give serious 16 to these fields.Before making an occupational choice, a person should have a general idea of what he wants 17 life and how hard he is willing to work to get it. Some people desire social prestige, others intellectual 18 . Some want security; others are willing to take 19 for financial gain. Each occupational choice has its demands as well as its 20 .1. ［A］identification ［B］entertainment ［C］accommodation ［D］occupation2. ［A］however ［B］therefore ［C］though ［D］thereby3. ［A］entirely ［B］mainly ［C］partly ［D］his4. ［A］since ［B］therefore ［C］furthermore ［D］forever5. ［A］place ［B］chance ［C］field ［D］opening6. ［A］to ［B］for ［C］without ［D］with7. ［A］little ［B］few ［C］much ［D］a lot8. ［A］chance ［B］basis ［C］purpose ［D］opportunity9. ［A］apply ［B］appeal ［C］stick ［D］turn10. ［A］imagined ［B］substantial ［C］acquired ［D］demanded11. ［A］concerning ［B］following ［C］considering ［D］disregarding12. ［A］preferences ［B］requirements ［C］tendencies ［D］ambitions13. ［A］contribute ［B］attach ［C］attribute ［D］allot14. ［A］Therefore ［B］However ［C］Nevertheless ［D］Moreover15. ［A］proportion ［B］part ［C］quanitity ［D］batch16. ［A］proposal ［B］suggestion ［C］consideration ［D］appraisal17. ［A］towards ［B］against ［C］out of ［D］without18. ［A］knowledge ［B］satisfaction ［C］culture ［D］sensitivity19. ［A］turns ［B］parts ［C］choices ［D］risks20. ［A］awards ［B］requirements ［C］results ［D］needsIII. Reading Comprehension (每题2分, 共40分)Directions: There are 3 passages in this part. Read them carefully and choose the best answer for each question that follows. Passage 1In bringing up children, every parent watches eagerly the child’s acquisition of each new skill---the first spoken words, the first independent steps, or the beginning of reading and writing. It is usual that parents hurry the child beyond his natural learning rate, but this can set up dangerous feelings of failure and states of worry in the child. This might happen at any stage. A baby might be forced to use a toilet too early, and a young child might be encouraged to learn to read before he knows the meaning of the words he reads. On the other hand, though, if a child is left alone too much, or without any learning opportunities, he loses his natural enthusiasm for life and his desire to find out new things for himself.Parents vary greatly in their degree of strictness towards their children. Some may be especially strict in money matters, other are severe over time of coming home at night or punctuality for meals. In general, the controls imposed represent the needs of the parents and the values of the community as much as the child’s own happiness.As regards the development of moral standards in the growing child, consistency is very important in parent teaching. To forbid a thing one day and excuse it the next is not foundation for morality. Also, parents should realize that “example is better than precept”. If they are not sincere and do not practise what they preach, their children may grow confused, and emotionally insecure when they grow old enough to think for themselves, and realize they have been to some extent fooled.A sudden awareness of a marked difference between their parents’ principles and their morals can be a dangerous disappointment.1: Eagerly watching the child’s acquisition of new skills ________. A．should be avoidedB．is universal among parentsC．sets up dangerous states of worry in the childD．will make him lose interest in learning new things2:When children are learning new skills, parents should _________. A．encourage them to read before they know the meaning of the words they readB．not expect too much of themC．achieve a balance between pushing them too hard and leaving them on their ownD．create as many learning opportunities as possible3:The second paragraph mainly tells us_________.A．parents should be strict with their childrenB．parents controls satisfy only the needs of the parents and the values of the communityC．parental restrictions vary, and are not always enforced for the benefit of the children aloneD．parents vary in their strictness towards their children according to the situation4:In moral matters, parents should _________.A．observe the rules themselvesB．be aware of the marked difference between adults and children C．forbid things which have no foundation in moralityD．satisfy their children’s needsPassage 2It's very interesting to note where the debate about diversity is taking place. It is taking place primari1y in political circles. Here at the College Fund, we have a lot of contact with top corporate leaders; none of them is talking about getting rid of those instrumentsthat produce diversity. In fact, they say that if their companies are to compete in the g1oba1 village and in the global market place, diversity is an imperative. They also say that the need for talented, skilled Americans means we have to expand the pool of potential employees. And in looking at where birth rates are growing and at where the population is shifting,corporate America understands that expanding the pool means promoting policies that help provide skills to more minorities, more women and more immigrants. Corporate leadersknow that if that doesn't occur in our society, they will not have the engineers, the scientists, the lawyers, or the business managers they will need.Likewise, I don't hear people in the academy saying, "Let's go backward. Let's go back to the good old days, when we had a meritocracy (which was never true-we never had a meritocracy, although we've come closer to it in the last 30 years, ) I recently visited a great little college in New York where the campus has doubled its minority population in the last six years. I talked with an African American who has been a professor there for a long time, and she remembers that when she first joined the community, there were fewer than a handful of minorities on campus. Now, all of us feel the university is better because of the diversity. So where we hear this debate is primarily in political circles and in the media-not in corporate board rooms or on college campuses.6. The underlined word "imperative"( in Para.1) most probably refers tosomething .A. superficialB. remarkableC. debatableD. essential7. Which of the following groups of people still differ in their views on diversity?A. MinoritiesB. PoliticiansC. ProfessorsD. Managers8. High corporate leaders seem to be in favor of promoting diversity so as to .A. lower the rate of unemploymentB. win equal political rights for minoritiesC. be competitive in the world marketD. satisfy the demands of a growing popu1ation9. It can be inferred from the passage that __________.A. meritocracy can never be realized without diversityB. American political circles will not accept diversityC. it is unlikely that diversity will occur in the U. S. mediaD. minorities can only enter the fields where no debate is heard about diversity10. According to the passage diversity can be achieved in American society by .A. expanding the pool of potential employeesB. promoting policies that provide skills to employeesC. training more engineers, scientists，lawyers and business managersD. providing education for all regardless of race or sexPassage 3There is no denying that students should learn something about how computers work, just as we expect them at least to understand that the internal-combustion engine has something to do with burning fuel, expanding gases and pistons being driven. For people should have some basic idea of how the things that they use do what they do. Further, students might be helped by a course that considers the computer’s impact on society. But that is not what is meant by computer literacy. For computer literacy is not a form of literacy; it is a trade skill that should not be taught as a liberal art.Learning how to use a computer and learning how to program one are two distinct activities. A case might be made that the competent citizens of tomorrow should free themselves from their fear of computers. But this is quite different from saying that all ought to know how to program one.Leave that to people who have chosen programming as a career. While programming can be lots of fun, and while our society needs some people who are experts at it, the same is true of auto repaid and violin-making.Learning how to use a computer is not that difficult, and it gets easier all the time as programs become more “user-friendly”. Let us assume that in the future everyone is going to have to know how to use a computer to be a competent citizen. What does the phrase “learning to use a computer” mean? It sounds like “learning to drive a car”, that is, it sounds as if there is some set of definite skills that, once acquired, enable one to use a computer.In fact, “learning to use a computer” is much more like “learning to play a game”, but learning the rules of one game may not help you play a second game, whose rules may not be the same. There is no such a thing as teaching someone how to usea computer. One can only teach people to use this or that program and generally that is easily accomplished.11. To be the competent citizens of tomorrow, people should ________.A) try to lay a solid foundation in computer scienceB) be aware of how the things that they use do what they doC) learn to use a computer by acquiring a certain set of skillsD) understand that programming a computer is more essential than repairing a car12. In the second paragraph “violin-making” is mentioned to show that ________.A) programming a computer is as interesting as making a violinB) our society needs experts in different fieldsC) violin-making requires as much skill as computer programmingD) people who can use a computer don’t necessarily have to know computer programming13. Learning to use a computer is getting easier all the time because ________.A) programs are becoming less complicatedB) programs are designed to be convenient to usersC) programming is becoming easier and easierD) programs are becoming readily available to computer users14. According to the author, the phrase “learning to use a computer” (Lines 3-4, Para. 3) means learning ________.A) a set of rulesB) the fundamentals of computer scienceC) specific programsD) general principles of programming（C）15. The author’s purpose in writing this passage is ________.A) to stress the impact of the computer on societyB) to explain the concept of the computer literacyC) to illustrate the requirements for being competent citizens of tomorrowD) to emphasize that computer programming is an interesting and challenging jobIV. Translation (总分20分)Directions: Translate the following passage from English into Chinese.Tucked away in our subconsciousness is an idyllic vision. We see ourselves on a long trip that spans the continent. We are traveling by train. Out the windows, we drink in the passing scene of cars on nearby highways, of children waving at a crossing, of cattle grazing on a distant hillside, of smoke pouring from a power plant, of row upon row of corn and wheat, of flatlands and valleys, of mountains and rolling hillsides, of city skylines and village halls.But uppermost in our minds is the final destination. On a certain day at a certain hour, we will pull into the station. Bands will be playing and flags waving. Once we get there, so many wonderful dreams will come true and the pieces of our lives will fit together like a completed jigsaw puzzle. How restlessly we pace the aisles, damning the minutes for loitering -waiting, waiting, waiting for the station."When we reach the station, that will be it!" we cry. "When I'm 18." "When I buy a new 450SL Mercedes Benz!""When I put the last kid through college.""When I have paid off the mortgage!" "When I get a promotion." "When I reach the age of retirement, I shall live happily ever after!"Sooner or later, we must realize there is no station, no one place to arrive at once and for all. The true joy of life is the trip. The station is only a dream. It constantly outdistances us.It isn't the burdens of today that drive men mad. It is the regrets over yesterday and the fear of tomorrow. Regret and fear are twin thieves who rob us of today.V. Writing (总分20分)Directions: Write a composition of about 400 words on the given topic.Proper Ways to Cope with Stress in Modern Life。

云南师范大学英语语言文学考研真题经验参考书目录第一章考前知识浏览1.1云南师范大学招生简章......................1.2云南师范大学专业目录........................ 1.3云南师范大学英语语言文学专业历年报录比....... 1.4云南师范大学英语语言文学初试科目解析......第二章英语语言文学专业就业前景解读2.1云南师范大学专业综合介绍.................2.2云南师范大学专业就业解析.................2.3云南师范大学各方向对比分析.......第三章云南师范大学英语语言文学专业内部信息传递3.1报考数据分析..............3.2复试信息分析..............3.3导师信息了解........第四章云南师范大学英语语言文学初试专业课考研知识点4.1参考书目分析..........4.2真题分析................4.3重点知识点汇总分析（大纲）....第五章云南师范大学英语语言文学初试复习计划分享5.1政治英语复习技巧5.2专业课复习全程详细攻略5.3时间管理策略及习题使用第六章云南师范大学英语语言文学复试6.1复试公共部分的注意事项6.2复试专业课部分的小Tips感谢永不言弃的自己，曾暗暗许诺“即使最后一名进复试也要怀有必上的信念”的自己。

“幸得识卿桃花面，自此阡陌多暖春”，感谢一直默默支持我、为我排忧解难的家长，一同复习、相互扶持的研友，还有在学业上为我指路、向我提供无私帮助的前辈、学姐，以及丰富我头脑、健全我人格的母校。

言归正传，我报考的是云师大外院的英语语言文学专业，此专业研究方向和考试科目及指导教师如下图：【参考书目】罗经国：《新编英国文学选读》2卷本，云南师范大学出版社陈嘉：《英国文学作品选读》2卷本，商务印书馆李宜燮、常耀信主编：《美国文学选读》，南开大学出版社【学校简介】云南师范大学是一所历史悠久、传统优良的省属重点师范大学，是教育部和云南省人民政府“省部共建”高校、国家中西部基础能力提升工程重点建设百所高校之一。

云南师范大学英语语言文学考研真题经验参考书目录第一章考前知识浏览1.1云南师范大学招生简章......................1.2云南师范大学专业目录........................ 1.3云南师范大学英语语言文学专业历年报录比....... 1.4云南师范大学英语语言文学初试科目解析......第二章英语语言文学专业就业前景解读2.1云南师范大学专业综合介绍.................2.2云南师范大学专业就业解析.................2.3云南师范大学各方向对比分析.......第三章云南师范大学英语语言文学专业内部信息传递3.1报考数据分析..............3.2复试信息分析..............3.3导师信息了解........第四章云南师范大学英语语言文学初试专业课考研知识点4.1参考书目分析..........4.2真题分析................4.3重点知识点汇总分析（大纲）....第五章云南师范大学英语语言文学初试复习计划分享5.1政治英语复习技巧5.2专业课复习全程详细攻略5.3时间管理策略及习题使用第六章云南师范大学英语语言文学复试6.1复试公共部分的注意事项6.2复试专业课部分的小Tips感谢永不言弃的自己，曾暗暗许诺“即使最后一名进复试也要怀有必上的信念”的自己。

“幸得识卿桃花面，自此阡陌多暖春”，感谢一直默默支持我、为我排忧解难的家长，一同复习、相互扶持的研友，还有在学业上为我指路、向我提供无私帮助的前辈、学姐，以及丰富我头脑、健全我人格的母校。

言归正传，我报考的是云师大外院的英语语言文学专业，此专业研究方向和考试科目及指导教师如下图：【参考书目】罗经国：《新编英国文学选读》2卷本，云南师范大学出版社陈嘉：《英国文学作品选读》2卷本，商务印书馆李宜燮、常耀信主编：《美国文学选读》，南开大学出版社【学校简介】云南师范大学是一所历史悠久、传统优良的省属重点师范大学，是教育部和云南省人民政府“省部共建”高校、国家中西部基础能力提升工程重点建设百所高校之一。

云南师范大学2014年硕士研究生入学考试自命题科目试卷报考专业：学科教学（英语）考试科目及代码：高级英语820考试时量：150分钟试卷编号：（A卷）考号：姓名：I. Vocabulary and Structure (30 points, 2 point each)Directions:Choose the best word or phrase to complete each of the following statements.1. The man who was driving the truck would not admit that he had been At fault, and .A. neither the other driverB. neither would the other driverC. neither had the other driverD, the other driver neither2. It was that we went camping in the mountains last weekendA. so nice a weatherB. too nice weatherC. such nice weatherD. nice weather so3. The team really looks good tonight because the coach had them every nightA practiced B, to practice C. practicing D.practice4. Betty was concerned that her great social popularity discouraging effect on the man she wanted to marry.A. should beB. had beenC. will beD. might have5. An air brake is the power of compressed air to stop a wheel from TurningA. a brake used toB. what a brake is used forC. a brake that usesD. that a brake is used for6. The purpose of the research had a different meaning for them than.A. for oursB. oursC. that of usD. it did for us7. They shouldn't allow _ in this street; it's too narrow.A. to parkB. parkingC. partD. parked8. He also conceived that the solar system and the universe _ into existence by a natural process and would disappear one day.A. had comeB. would comeC. would be comeD. come9. The millions of calculations involved, had they been done by hand, _ all practical value by the time they were finished.A. could loseB. would have lostC. might loseD. ought to have lost10. There seemed little hope that the explorer, ___ in the tropical forest,would find his way through it.A. having been desertedB. to be desertedC. having desertedD. to have been deserted11. You can arrive in Beijing earlier for the meetingmind taking the night train.A. providedB. unlessC. though you don'tD. until12. After having gone _ far, George did not want to turn back.A. enoughB. muchC. suchD. that13. _ how to repair the stove, I surely would have helped her.A. Had I knownB. Would I knowC. Werei knownD. Would I have known14. he would not persuade the other members of the committee, hegave in.A. Given thatB. Seeing thatC. ThatD. In that15. The results of the study were more satisfactory __ _A. than it anticipatedC. than anticipatedB. ti:an has been anticipatedD. than anticipating16. The news item about the fire is followed by a detailed report made_ .A. on the spotB. on the siteC. on the locationD. on the ground17. The boys _ him to be the best player on the baseball team.A. acknowledgedB. admittedC. attributedD. accepted18. If you plan to go to Venezuela next month, you had better _ on your Spanish.A. brush upB. play upC. set upD. take up19. You could _ all the worthwhile information in this book into a few pages.A. collectB. combineC. convertD. compress20. We regret to inform you that the materials you ordered are _A. out of stockB. out of reachC. out of practiceD. out of work21. A work of art is an abstract of the world and the result of expression of nature, in _A. miniatureB. modestyC. modulationD. municipality22. Someone who is typically depressed should try harder to _ .A. flare upB. cheer upC. clear upD. look up23. A resolution to maintain the truce was carried by an majority.A. leadingB. largeC. pervasiveD. overwhelming24. In the early morning the whole village was _ in smoke and mist.A. envelopedB. shelteredC. shieldedD. enclosed25. This program recruits _ college graduates to work inlow-income schools from which many educators flee.A. low-performingB. high-achievingC. fast-developingD. slow-moving26. They are determined to _ in the fight no matter how hard it is.A. persevereB. revereC. pretendD. permit27. Leaders who _ education are neither far-sighted nor mature, and they are therefore unable to lead the drive for modernization.A. neglectB. omit C:respect D. avoid28. He was deeply _ in reading and skipped his meal.A. immersedB. devotedC. contributedD. thrown29. Each of these people found a way back to. a fulfilling career. And they all learned that the pain and _ are temporary.A. humiliationB. humanC. humanityD. humble30. Helpful friends, _ good luck and a good resume got Sherrye back on track.A. difficultB. tenacityC. troubleD. foundationII. Reading Comprehension (50 points, 2 points each)Directions:In this part, there are 5 short passages. Read each passagecarefully, and choose the best answer for each question that follows.Passage 1At the Kyoto conference on global warming in December 1997, it became abundantly clear how complex it has become to work out international agreements relating to the environment because of economic concerns unique to each country. It is no longer enough to try to forbid certain activities or to reduce emissions of certain substances. The global challenge of the interlink between the environment and development increasingly bring us to the core of the economic life of states. During the late 1980s we were able, through international agreements, to make deep cuts in emissions harmful to the ozone layer (臭氧层). Thesereductions were made possible because substitutions had been found for many of the harmful chemicals and, more important, because the harmful substances could be replaced without negative effects on employment and theeconomies of states.Although the threat of global warming has been hmown to the world for decades and all countries and leaders agree that we need to deal with the problem, we also know that the effects of measures, especially harsh measures taken in some countries, would be nullified if other countries do not control their emissions. Whereas the UN team on climate change has found that the emissions of carbon dioxide would have to be cut globally by 60% to stabilize the content of C02 in the atmosphere, this piath is not I feasible for several reasons. Such deep cuts would cause a breakdown of the world economy. Important and populous low- or medium-income countries are not yet willing to undertake legal commitments about their energy uses.In addition, the state of world technology would not yet permit us to make such a big leap.We must, however, find a solution to the threat of global warming early in the 21st century. Such a commitment would require a degree of shared vision and common responsibilities, new to humanity. Success lies in the force of imaginations, in imaging what would happen if we fail to act. Although many living in cold regions would welcome the global-warming effect of a warmer summer, few would cheer the arrival of the subsequent tropical diseases, especially where there had been none.I. The main purpose of this passage is to _A. convince people that global warming is a real threatB. criticize some countries for refusing to cut down emissions harmful to the ozone layerC. analyze the problem of global warmingD. argue against making deep cuts in emissions2. The reason why it is difficult to get rid of the threat of global warming is that _A. the leaders of many countries are not fully aware of the gravity of the problemB. world technology is not able to solve the problemC. not all the countries are willing to make deep cuts in emissionsD. many people welcome the global-warming effect of a warmer summer3. In the passage the author implies that _ .A. it is always difficult to work out international agreements to cut down emissions harmful to the ozone layerB. it is no longer easy to reach international agreements relating to the environmentC. the world has recently become aware of the threat of global warmingD. the problem of global warming has largely been solved4. According to the author, it is impossible at present to cut 60% of carbon dioxide emissions globally because _A. it is only a goal to be reached in the futureB. some people are lacking in imaginationC. some people are irresponsibleD. it would cause a collapse of the world economy5. What should all countries do to help solve the problem of global warming?A. They should replace all the harmful substances.B. They should willingly undertake legal commitments about their energy uses.C. They should hold another world conference on climate change.D. They should provide advanced technology.Passage 2Many people believe the glare from snow causes snow blindness. Yet, wearing dark glasses or not, they find themselves suffering from headache sand watering eyes, and even snow-blindness, when exposed to several hours of" snow light".The United States Army has now determined that glare from snow does not cause snow blindness in troops in a snow-covered country. Rather, a man's eyes frequently find nothing to focus on in a broad expanse of barren snow-covered area. So his gaze continually shifts and jumps back and forth over the entire landscape in search of something to look at. Finding nothing, hour after hour, the eyes never stop searching and the eyeballs become sore and the eye muscle aches. Nature offsets this irritation by producing more and more fluid which covers the eyeball. The fluid covers the eyeball inincreasing quantity until vision blurs then is obscured, and the result is total, even though temporary, snow blindness.Experiments led the Army to a simple method of overcoming this problem. Scouts ahead of a main body of troops are trained to shake snow from evergreen bushes, creating a dotted line as they cross completely snow covered landscape. Even the scouts themselves throw light weight,dark-colored objects ahead on which they too can focus. The men following can then see something. Their gaze is arrested. Their eyes focus on a bush and having found something to see, stop scouring the snow blanketed landscape. By focusing their attention on one object at a time, the man can cross the snow without becoming hopelessly snow blind or lost. In this way the problem of crossing a solid white area is overcome.6. The eyeballs become sore and the eye muscles ache because _ _ _A. tears cover the eyeballs.B. The eyes are irritated by blinding sunlight,C. There is only white snow to focus on.D. The eyes are irritated by blinding snow7. When the eyes are sore, tears are produced to _A. clear the visionB. remedy snow blindness·C. ease the irritation.D. Loosen the muscles.8. Snow blindness may be avoided by _A. concentrating on the solid white areaB. providing the eyes with something to focus onC. searching for something to look at in snow covered areas.D. Covering the eyeballs with fluid.9. The first paragraph is mainly concerned with _A. the need for dark glass.B. The whiteness from snow.C. Headaches, watering eyes and snow blindness.D. Snow glare and snow blindness.10. A suitable title for this passage would be _A. Snow blindness and How to Overcome ItB. Nature's Cure for Snow blindnessC. Soldiers in the SnowD. Snow VisionPassage 3Gestures, by definition, transmit signals, and these signals must come across clearly if we are to understand their messages. They cannot afford to be vague and woolly; they must be crisp and sharp and difficult to confuse with other signals. To do this they have to develop a 'typical form' that shows comparatively little variation. And they must be performed with a 'typical intensity' t showing much the same speed, strength and amplitude on each occasion that they are brought into action. It is rather like the ringing of a telephone bell. The signal goes on sounding at fixed intervals, at a fixedvolume, and with a fixed sound, no matter how urgent the call. No one confuses a telephone bell with a front-door bell or an alarm clock. Its fixed form and its fixed intensity make it unmistakable. The process is at work in human gestures. When an angry man shakes his first, the chances are that the speed, force and amplitude of each shake, as the first jerks back and forth in mid-air, are much the same on each occasion that heemploys this gesture and there is a reasonable likelihood that his spee.d, force and amplitude will besimilar to those of any other fist-shaker. If, as an experiment, you were to perform a fist-shaking gesture in which you slowed down the movement, decreased the force, and increased the distance traveled by the clenched fist, it is doubtful if your signal would be understood. An onlooker might imagine you were exercising your arm, but it is doubtful if he would read the message as a threat display.Most of our gestures have grown into typical presentations of this kind. We all wave in much the same way, clap our hands at roughly the same speed, beckon with much the same amplitude and shake our heads with much the san1e rhythm. This is not a conscious process. We simply tune into the cultural norm. Unwittingly, we smooth the path of the hundreds of tiny messages that fly between us whenever we meet and interact. Somehow we manage to match up our gestures with those of our companions, and they do the same with ours. Together we all synchronize the intensities of our gesturing until we are all operating in concert, as if under the control of an invisible cultural conductor.As always with human behavior there are exceptions to this general rule. We are not automatons. We show personal idiosyncrasies --individual variations on the cultural themes. One man, with a particularly fine set of teeth, shows an exaggeratedly intense, open-lipped smile, and he does this even in mild situations. Another man, with bad teeth, gives a more closed smile, even when strongly stimulated. One man bellows with laughter, while another titters, in reaction to the same joke. These are gesture variants, and they provide each of us with a behavioral 'style', or body personality. They are small differences compared with our general gesture-conformity, but they can become important personal labels none the less.11. What do successful gestures have in common?A. Manner.B. Rhythm.C. Clarity.D. Intensity.12.What characteristics do successful gestures share with telephone bell?A. Tney both must be responded to.B. It is not usual to mistake what they mean.C. They go on for a long time.D. They are repeated as many times as possible.13.A fist-shaking gesture might cause confusion if _A. the person also clenched his teethB. the person failed to synchronize his gesturing with those around himC. the gesture didn't have the proper rhythmD. the gesture was abnormal for that particular person14. According to the passage, what makes people develop similar gesture?A. The need to be liked.B. The need to facilitate communication.C. The desire to be part of a particular culture.D. The conscious desire to be like other people.15. What accounts for individual variation in gesture?A. The fact that people live in different cultures.B. People's desire to show off their good features.C. The fact that people are different shapes and sizes.D. The unconscious development of one's own mannerPassage 4While everybody enjoys fresh cut flowers around their house, few people know how to keep them for as long as possible. This may be done by keeping in mind a few simple facts.An important thing to remember about cut flowers is that they are sensitive to temperature. For example, studies have shown that cut carnations（康乃馨）retain their freshness eight times longer when kept at l2°C than when kept at 26°C. Keeping freshly harvested flowers at the right temperatures is probably the st important aspect of flower care.Flowers are not intended by nature to live very long. Their biological is simply to attract birds or insects, such as bees, for pollination. After that, they quickly wither and die. The process by which flowers consume oxygen and emit carbon dioxide, called respiration, generates the energy the flower needs to give the flower its shape and color. The i11akit1g of seeds also depends on this energy. While all living things respire, flowers have a high level of respiration. A result of all this respiration is heat, and for flowers, the level of heat relative to the mass of the flower is very high. Respiration also brings about the eventual death of the flower, thus the greater the level of respiration, the sooner the flower dies.How, then, to control the rate at which flowers die? By controlling respiration. How is respiration controlled? By controlling temperature. We know that respiration produces heat, but the reverse is also true. Thus by maintaining low temperature, respiration is minimized and the cut flower will age more slowly. Tropical flowers are an exception to this rule; they prefer warmer temperatures.This brings us to another important aspect of cut flowers care: humidity. The average air-conditioned room has a relative humidity of 65%, which contributes to greater water loss in the flower. Flowers are less likely to dry out if humidity levels are 90-95%, but this may be unrealistic unless you live in the tropics or subtropics.Yet another vital factor in keeping cut flowers is the quality of thewater in which they are placed. Flowers find it difficult to ‘drink' water that is dirty or otherwise contaminated. Even when water looks and smells clean, it almost certainly contains bacteria and fungi that can endanger the flowers. To rid the water of these unwanted germs, household chlorine bleach can be used in smallquantities. It is recommended that 15 drops of chlorine bleach (at 14% solution) be added to each litre of water. The water and solution should also be replaced each day.16. What are the three essential factors the author believes flower care isdependent on?A. Pollination, making of seeds, respiration.B. Temperature, humidity, water quality.C. Bacteria, fungi, germs.D. Household chlorine bleach, air-conditioned room, lower temperature.17. What are the two aspects of a flower that depend on respiration?A. Shape and color.B. Oxygen and carbon dioxide.C. Birds and insects.D. Releasing heat and making of seeds.18. Which of the following flower care methods does not apply to all flowers?A. Cooler temperature.B. Clean water.C. High humidity.D. Regular daily replacement of water solution.19. What is the right and realistic humidity level for flower care?A. 65%.B. 90%.C. 90%~95%.D. None of the above.20. We can infer from the passage that "pollination" Is the process of _A consuming oxygen and emitting carbon dioxideB. the transferring of pollen from one flower to anotherC. making of seedsD. releasing heatPassage 5Deep inside the rain forest, south of the mighty Amazon River, lies a 435-mile stretch of dirt road. For many Brazilians, the paving of such rutted( 有车辙的), often impassable routes has almost mystical significance as an essential part of economic progress. But toenvironmentalists this ritual of development always means destruction for the earth's largest rain forest, and in this particular case, could unleash forces that would make this road the most dangerous thoroughfare (通道) in the world.Such concerns have not deterred the Brazilian government from its decision to pace over those 435 miles, the last unfmished portion of a highway called BR -163. That will create a 1 080-mile chain of asphalt (柏油路) going past the Tapajos National Forest and linking the Amazon River with southern Brazil. As has happened throughout the Amazon basin, the completion of the highway will open the forest to settlers, and they will undoubtedly set fires to clear land near the road. This area, however is regularly hit by drought and is perhaps the most vulnerable part of the forest. Fires here could grow into the worst conflagration ( 大火灾) the Amazon has ever seen. Daniel Nepstad, an ecologist who divides his time between the Woods Hole Research Center in Massachusetts and the Amazon Institute for Environmental Research in Bel em, Brazil, warns that the paving of BR -163 "could be the beginning of the end of the Amazon."In the Brazilian Amazon, roughly 75% of deforestation has occurred within 30 miles of a paved road. Despite laws prohibiting settlement in virgin lands, politicians, who see settlers as voters, have encouraged Brazil's 10 million landless poor to migrate into the interior, torching forest as they go. But the rain forest is not good agricultural land, and many of the farmers sell out to cattl ranchers. The only reason enormous stretches of the forest did not bum down in 1998 was that paved roads did not yet penetrate the most fragile areas.Conservationists are still trying to block the paving of.BR-163, arguing that the government approved the project without assessing its environmental impact. There's a chance the opposition will succeed, powerful agribusinesses are arrayed behind the road. It will link the port of Santarem on the Amazon River with the city of Cuiaba to the south and make it easier to export soybeans from southern fields.The irony is that in the end agribusiness will suffer along with everyone else. The destruction of the rain forest could make drought more common all over Brazil, endangering soybean production. In the face of that peril, the government will have to decide whether short-term profits are worth risking an environmental disaster for Brazil ---and the whole planet.21. The paving of BR -163 by the Brazilian government will _A. greatly boost Brazil's economyB. cultivate better agricultural landC. destroy the rain forest and bring more droughtD. All of the above.22. Why have Politicians encouraged a large number of landless poor to migrate into the interior?A. Because they want the landless poor to clear more land in the forest.B. Because they want more votes from the landless poor.C. Because the farmers want to raise cattle on the land.D. Because the landless poor would pave a new road into the forest23. "The opposition" (line 3, paragraph 4), refers to _A. governmentB. conservationistsC. agribusinessmenD. Both A and C24. Which of the following best summaries the passage?A. The Road to DisasterB.The Paving ofBR-163C. Environment and BusinessD. Route through the Amazon25. What does "irony" (line 1, paragraph 5) probably mean? A．Wisdom. B. Philosophy. C. Moral. D. MockeryIII. Proof reading (20 points, 2 points each)Directions: The following passage contains ten errors, one in eachindicated line or lines. In each case, only one word is involved. Correctionsshould be done as follows:Organic food generally costs more. That might be worth it,if organic food was healthier or more environmentally friendly.exhibit However, it's not. It's more expensive, and it's better for you 1 _than regular food.In Canada, all foods, organic and non-organic, must see 2 _the same food safety standards. The Canadian Food InspectionAgency is responsible at monitoring the Canadian food supply. 3 _ _ Over the past several years, it's consistent shown that more 4. _ than 99 per cent of the food produced in Canada falls withinits standards. Farmers are trained to use fertilizers responsiblyto insure that their food do not pose a health risk to consumers. 5 _ Organic food is not better for the environment, too. All 6. _ farmers must treat the environment with respect, unless 7 . _they want to be successful in the long term. Their familieslive, working, and play on their farms. Their livelihoods 8 _depend on the wise and responsible management of resources,such as soil, water, and air. However, only1.5 per cent of Canadians farmers grow organic food.In fact, virtually all farmers who employ the same 9 . _ environmentally responsible techniques as organic farmers;they simply have a wider range of options to manage pestsand disease.Use the full range of options to increase crop yields, 10 _ including commercial fertilizers, is better for the environment because less land is required to grow food for agrowing population. This leaves more land for wildlifehabitat and natural areas.IV. Paraphrase (20 points, 2 points each)Directions: Explain the following sentences in your own words1. He was a shy man who kept to himself.2. When Tom comes home, he wants to relax and unwind by quietly reading the news.3. We appreciate the importance of China in the global economy and the notion that our son's knowing Chinese may give him a leg up later in life.4. There is no point in keeping vengeance or stubbornness.5. You can't get stuck on the regrets of what should have happened.6. We have, as a nation, to do more and to do better in our duty of care to our children.7. There has never been a time in history when the character of human imagination wasn't important.8. Lund said that she and her teaching partner had to develop teaching materials from scratch.9. The one who stays unruffled has a great advantage in being able to help others, to control the situation.10. Education reform is hitting home this summer.V. Writing (30 points)Beijing announced on Oct 21 that starting 2016, the score of English in College Entrance Examination (gaokao) would drop from 150 to 100 on its plan. Currently, gaokao weighs English, Chinese and mathematics equally.What do you think about Beijing's decision to reduce the number of points allocated to the English language test in the college entrance examination? How will such a reform influence China's English teaching and learning?Write on ANAWER SHEET a composition of about 400 words on the following topic:My View on Beijing's Reduction of the Score of English in GaokaoYou are to write in three parts.In the first part, state specifically what your view is.In the second part, support your view with one or more reasons.In the last part, bring what you have written to a natural conclusion or a summaryMarks will be awarded for content, organization, grammar and appropriateness. Failure to follow the above instructions may result in a loss of marks.。

云南师范大学教育硕士专业学位研究生学位英语考试试卷（2015年2月12日）（考生须知）1请考生在机读卡的“学号”一栏填写学号，并在相应的数字上用2B铅笔划线。

2.选择题（第1-60）的答案必须用2B铅笔涂在机读答题卡上，做在试卷上无效！3．选择答案选出后，必须用2B铅笔在机读答题卡上相应的选项上划一横线, 划线要粗，要有一定浓度。

修改时，必须用橡皮擦净后，再填涂其它选项。

4．翻译和写作一律用钢笔或圆珠笔在答题纸II上按要求作答，做在试卷上无效！5．考试时间为150分钟。

6．交卷时，请配合监考人员验收。

7．请监考人员收回试卷册和两份答题纸，并把答题纸按座位序号理好。

Part I Vocabulary (15 points))Directions:There are 30 incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Choose the ONE answer that best completes the sentence. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet witha single line through the center.1.He was one of the greatest writers _____ had ever lived.A. whoB. whichC. thatD. as2.Nobody _____ that something was wrong at that time.A. commentedB. committedC. noticedD. expressed3.Her address made a great _____ on the audience.A. expressionB. explanationC. suggestionD. impression4.He appeared _____ with our team's performance.A. satisfyingB. to be satisfyingC. to satisfyD. satisfied5.His companions have threatened to _____ his crimes to the police.A. imposeB. expressC. encloseD. expose6.His extravagance reduced him _____ for his living.A. to begB. from beggingC. to beggingD. into begging7.His death _____ with age.A. deterioratedB. determinedC. detectedD. detained8.His long service with the company was _____ with a present.A. admittedB. acknowledgedC. attributedD. accepted9.His novel _____ some light on life in China in Ming Dynasty.A. sendsB. providesC. throwsD. puts10. His tastes and habits _____ with those of his wife.A. combineB. competeC. coincideD. compromise11. Does brain power _____ as we get older? Scientists now have some surprisinganswers.A. descendB. declineC. deduceD. collapse12. In that country, guests tend to feel they are not highly _____ if the invitation to adinner party is extended only three or four days before the party date.A. admiredB. regardedC. expectedD. worshipped13. ____ the whole, early American city planning was excellent.A. InB. FromC. OnD. Above14. ____ we are having these days!A. What a lovely weatherB. What lovely weathersC. What lovely weatherD. What lovely a weather15. ____, a man who expresses himself effectively is sure to succeed more rapidlythan a man whose command of language is poor.A. Other things being equalB. Were other things equalC. To be equal to other thingsD. Other things to be equal16. ____, he does not love her.A. As he likes her very muchB. Though much he likes herC. Much although he likes herD. Much as he likes her17 Experts say walking is one of the best ways for a person to ______ healthy.A. preserveB. stayC. maintainD. reserve18. A good many houses ____ knocked down by the earthquake.A. wasB. wereC. isD. are19. A good teacher must know how to ____ his ideas.A. conveyB. displayC. consultD. confront20. A large part of human activity, particularly in relation to the environment, is____ conditions or events.A. in response toB. in favor ofC. in contrast toD. in excess of21. I can _____ some noise while I'm studying, but I can't stand loud noises.A. come up withB. catch up withC. put up withD. keep up with22. I cannot give you _____ for the type of car you sell because there is no demandfor it in the market.A. an expenseB. a chargeC. a purchaseD. an order23. I didn't quite _____ to what you had said. Would you mind repeating it?A. catch onB. get holdC. catch upD. go on24. I didn't say anything like that at all. You are purposely _____ my idea to proveyour point.A. revisingB. contradictingC. distortingD. distracting25. I felt somewhat disappointed and was about to leave, _____ something occurredwhich attracted my attention.A. unlessB. untilC. whenD. while26. I have the honor of introducing to you Mr. Alan, who will _____ you on his recenttour abroad.A. addressB. speakC. talkD. converse27. He has failed me so many times that I no longer place any _____ on what hepromises.A. faithB. beliefC. creditD. reliance28. Of the thousands of known volcanoes in the world, the _____ majority areinactive.A. tremendousB. demandingC. intensiveD. overwhelming29. I regret _____ so much time and money on stamps.A. to wasteB. for wastingC. having wastedD. at wasting30. I was greatly disappointed _____ that affair.A. outB. inC. toD. towardPart II Reading Comprehension （40 points）Directions:There are four passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letteron the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center.Passage OneWhen companies do business overseas, they come in contact with people from different cultures. These individuals often speak a different language and have their own particular custom and manners. These differences can create problems.For example, in France, business meetings begin promptly at the designated time and everyone is expected to be there. Foreign business people who are tardy (迟到的) are often left outside to cool their heels as a means of letting them know the importance of promptness. Unless one is aware of such expected behaviors he may end up insulting the people with whom he hopes to establish trade relations.A second traditional problem is that of monetary conversions （兑换）. For example, if a transaction is conducted with Russia, payment may be made in rubles （卢布）. Of course, this currency is of little value to the American firm. It is, therefore, necessary to convert the foreign currency to American dollars. How much are these Russian rubles worth in terms of dollars? This conversion rate is determined by every market, where the currencies of countries are bought and sold. Thus there is an established rate, although it will often fluctuate from day to day. For example, the ruble may be worth '0.75 on Monday and '0.72 on Tuesday because of an announced wheat shortage in Russia. In addition, there is the dilemma associated with converting at '0.72. Some financial institutions may be unwilling to pay this price, feeling that the ruble will sink much lower over the next week. As a result, conversion may finally come at '0.69. These "losses" must be accepted by the company as one of the costs of doing business overseas.A third unique problem is trade barriers. For one reason or another, all countries impose trade barriers on certain goods crossing their borders. Some trade barriers are directly related to exports. For example, the United States permits strategic military material to be shipped abroad only after government permission has been obtained. Most trade barriers, however, are designed to restrict import. Two of the most common import barriers are quotas（配额）and tariffs.31. The best title for the passage would be ___.A. How to Succeed in International TradeB. Monetary ConversionC. Trade BarriersD. Unique Problems in International Trade32. In France, tardy business people ___.A. are often insultedB. often suffer from coldnessC. are often left outdoors waitingD. are often asked to polish their shoes33. According to the passage, conversion rates ___.A. are always changingB. are determined by financial institutionsC. are agreed upon by two trading countriesD. vary from day to day34. The intended audience of this passage are ______.A. professors of economicsB. postgraduate students of international tradeC. beginners of businessD. business people35. Which of the following is likely to be discussed in the next paragraph?A. Export trade barriers.B. Quotas and tariffs.C. Reasons for imposing trading barriers.D. Measures to break down trade barriers.Passage TwoAmong all cancers, lung cancer is the biggest killer; more than 100,100 Americans die of the disease each year. Giving up smoking is one way to reduce the risk, but another answer may lie in the kitchen, according to a report in the British medical journal The lancet.Since 1957, a team of researcher has mentioned the dietary habits and medical histories of 2, 000 middle-aged men employed by the Western Electric Co. in Chicago. Led by Dr. Richard Shekelle of Chicago’s Rush—Presbyterian—St. Luke’s medical Center, the team recently began to sort out the links between the subjects dietary patterns and cancers. Other animal and human studies have suggested that vitamin A might offer some protection against lung cancer, but did not distinguish vitamin A made in the body from that in carotene（胡萝卜素）, which is abundant in a variety of vegetables and fruits, including carrots, spinach, broccoli, squash, tomatoes and apples.The Western Electric study showed little correlation between the incidence of lung cancer and the consumption of foods containing performed vitamin A. But the date on carotene intake revealed a significant relationship. Among the 488 men who had the lowest carotene consumption, there were 14 cases of lung cancer; in a group of the same size that ate the most carotene, only two cases developed. The apparent protective effect of carotene helps up even for longtime smokers.Further studies will be necessary before the link between lung cancer and carotene can be firmly established. Meanwhile, researchers warn against taking large amounts of vitamin A supplements, which can be extremely toxic in high doses. Instead, they advise a well- balanced diet that includes foods rich in carotene.36. The researchers carried out their studies _____.A. in the kitchenB.in BritainC.by investigating people’s habits and their medical historyD. by working together with the Western Electric Co37. Dr Richard Shekelle was _____.A.a journalist of “The Lancet”B.the head of the research teamC.the director of St. Luke’s CenterD.a British scientist38.According to the passage, which of the following contains less carotene?A. milkB. carrotsC. tomatoesD. broccoli39.The study revealed that if a person eats more food containing carotene, he ____ .A.is more likely to get lung cancerB.has the least possibility of getting lung cancerC.should take large amount vitamin A supplementsD.is advised to have a well-balanced diet40.The passage makes it clear that _____.A.the study has established the relationship of Vitamin A and cancerB.high doses of vitamin A supplements can greatly reduce danger of sufferingfrom lung cancerC.a lung cancer patient should eat less foods rich in caroteneD.the study has revealed the protective effect of carotenePassage ThreeOne thing we know about the brain is that it is vulnerable to the power ofsuggestion. There is a plenty of evidence that when young women are motivated and encouraged, they excel at science. For most of the 1800s, for example, physics,astronomy, chemistry and botany were considered gender-appropriate subjects formiddle -and upper-class American girls. Records from top school in Boston show thatgirls outperformed boys in physics in the mid-19th century. Latin and Greek,meanwhile, were considered the province of gentlemen – until the 20th century, whenlucrative（赚钱的）opportunities began to open up in the sciences.Today, in Iceland and Sweden, girls consistently outperform boys in math andphysics. In Sweden the gap is widest in the remote regions in the north. That may bebecause women want to move to the big cities farther south, where they need tocompete in high-tech economies, while men are focused on local hunting, fishing andforestry opportunities, says Niels Egelund, a professor of educational psychology atthe Danish University of Education. The phenomenon even has a name, the Jokkmokkeffect, a reference to an isolated town in Swedish Lapland.Back in the US, female professors have been catching up with the male professorsin their publishing output. Today, half of the chemistry and almost 60% of biologybachelors of science degrees go to females. Patience is required. And next, Summersmay want to take up the male question. In all seriousness. Why do so many more boysthan girls have learning disorders, autism（孤独症）, attention-deficit（注意力集中障碍）problems and schizophrenia（精神分裂症）? Why are young men less likelyto go to universities than women are? And what to make of a 2003 survey that foundeighth-grade girls outperforming boys in algebra in 22 countries, with boys outscoringgirls in only three nations? If we are not careful, The next Einstein could find herselfworking as a high-powered lawyer who does wonders with estate-tax calculations instead of discovering what the universe is made of.41. Before the 20th century, ______ .A.a lot of girls from middle-and upper-class studied scienceB.girls were attracted to study science for it was profitableC.boys did better in science than girlsD.in addition to science, boys studied Latin and Greek to become gentlemen42. Why do girls outperform boys at school in math and physics in Sweden?A.Because they live in remote regions in the north.B.Because they are not satisfied with their traditional way of life and hope toseek opportunities in the southC.Because they cannot do fishing, hunting and seek forestry opportunitiesD.Because they are smarter than boys in the region43. According to the passage, which of the following statement is not true?A.The power of suggestion can change the way brain works.B.Physics, astronomy, chemistry and botany were once considered appropriatesubjects for girls.C.Jokkmokk is a remote town in SwedenD.Female professors have as many academic achievements as their malecounterparts44. What does the author imply about American females?A.They will do as well as or even better in science.B.They may take up male status.C.Half of the chemistry and almost 60% of biology science degrees go tofemales.D.There are fewer females in American universities than males.45. What is the main idea of the passage?A.Women outperform men in science when motivated and encouraged.B.Today, in Iceland and Sweden, girls consistently outperform boys in math andphysics.C.Young men less likely to go to universities than women are.D.In 20th century, when lucrative opportunities began to open up in the sciences,men began to take interest in science.Passage FourThe fitness（有氧健身）movement that began in late 1960s and early 1970s centered around aerobic（有氧的）exercise. Millions of individuals became engaged in a variety of aerobic activities, and literally thousands of health spas developed around the country to capitalize on this emerging interest in fitness, particularly aerobic dancing for females. A number of fitness spas existed prior to this fitness movement, even a national chain with spas in most major cities. However, their focus was not on aerobics, but rather on weight-training programs designed to develop muscular（肌肉的）mass, strength, and endurance in their primarily male enthusiasts. These fitness spas did not seem to benefit financially from the aerobic fitnessmovement to better health, since medical option suggested that weight-training programs offered few, if any, health benefits. In recent years, however, weight training has again become increasingly popular for males and for females. Many current programs focus not only on developing muscular strength and endurance but on aerobic fitness as well.Historically, most physical fitness tests have usually included measures of muscular strength and endurance, not for health-related reasons, primarily because such fitness components have been related to performance in athletics. However, in recent years, evidence has shown that training programs designed primarily to improve muscular strength and endurance might also offer some health benefits as well. The American College of Sports Medicine now recommends that weight training be part of a total fitness program for healthy Americans. Increased participation in such training is one of the specific physical activity and fitness objectives of Healthy People 2000: National Health Promotion and Disease Prevention Objectives.46. The word “ spas” (line 3, Para. 1) most probably refers to ______.A. sports activitiesB. recreation centerC. places for exercisesD. athletic training program47. Early fitness spas were intended mainly for _______.A. the promotion of aerobic exerciseB. the improvement of women’s figuresC. endurance and muscular developmentD. better performance in aerobic dancing48. What was the attitude of doctors towards weight training in health improvement?A. NegativeB. CautiousC. PositiveD. Indifferent49. Historically, people were given physical fitness tests in order to find out _______.A. what kind of fitness center was suitable for themB. whether they were fit for aerobic exerciseC. what their health condition was likeD.their muscular strength and endurance50. Recent studies have suggested that weight training ________.A. has become an essential part of people’s lifeB. will attract more people in the days to comeC. contributes to health improvement as wellD. may well affect that the health of the traineesPart III Cloze (10 points)Directions: There are 10 blanks in the following passage. For each blank there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should choose the ONE that best fits into the passage. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center.If you look at science departments in U.S. universities, you will probably observefewer women professors than men. Several studies have proven 51 this is so. There are much 52 women in science departments than men today. And for the women 53 there now, it was not easy for them to get there.Why are there few women in science departments today? Some scientists believe that there are biological differences 54 males and females. They say that young boys and men can learn science more easily than girls and women. Others say that in school, girls have 55 self- confidence than boys. Teachers ask girls fewer questions in class 56 they ask boys. In addition, teachers do not often tell girls that they could become 57 . Later on, women do not see other women teaching science at the university. Finally, 58 there are not as many women _ 59 men in science departments, women may be afraid to be the first in their department. They believe that they will have to cope 60 more problems than the men in their departments.51. A. that B. what C. which D. how52. A. more B. fewer C. few D. less53. A. teach B. taught C. teaching D. had taught54. A. between B. among C. in D. for55. A. less B. fewer C. more D. much56. A. what B.than C. that D. where57. A. artists B. teachers C. scientists D. managers58. A. if B. though C. where D. since59. A. as B. so C. than D. that60. A. in B. with C. to D. forPart IV TranslationSection A ( 10 points)Directions: Read the following paragraph and then translate it into Chinese. Nowadays, a standard for measuring power has changed. These changes foretell a new standard for measuring power. No longer will a nation’s political influence be based solely on the strength of its military forces. Of course, military effectiveness will remain a primary measure of power. But political influence is also closely tied to industrial competitiveness. The new standard of power and influence that is evolving now places more emphasis on the ability of a country to compete effectively in the economic markets of the world. The competitiveness of America’s industrial base is an issue bigger than the Department of Defense and is going to require the efforts of the major institutional forces in our society – government, industry, and education. Section B (10 points)Directions: Translate the following passage into English中国要走向现代化，最大的障碍，并不是资源问题，也不是资金问题，更不是技术问题，而是十几亿人口的素质问题。

★★机密，启封前云南师范大学2020年硕士研究生入学考试自命题科目试卷报考专业：学科教学（英语）考试科目及代码：高级英语819（答案必须写在答题纸上、写在卷面上无效）I.Vocabulary and Structure(40%,2points each)Directions:In this part there are20statements with blanks.Choose the best answer to complete each of the following statements.1.It was proved long time ago that the earth______________so fast that we even don’t feel it.A.slidesB.rotatesC.twistsD.drifts2.Though they disagreed on details,they were in______________ agreement over the plan.A.substantialB.steadyC.stableD.sticky3.In the dark it was hard for us to______________the numbers on the houses.A.make inB.make upC.make outD.make about4.The teacher wishes to speak to you______________being late.A.with regard inB.in regard forC.with regard forD.in regard to5.I called you four times this morning but your line was always ______________.A.occupiedB.crowdedC.blockedD.busy6.The border incident was______________to the territory dispute left over from the previous government.A.chargedB.delivered第1页共10页。