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1 他是去年我在上海出差认识的那位商人。
He is the business man who I met during the business trip in shanghai.2 这是我们的宣传册子，里面有我们的产品介绍。
This is our brochure which is with our products introduction.3 我们去年生产的产品现在在韩国很畅销。
The products which we produced last year sell well in Korea.4 我们准备订购20箱红茶，它们必须有很好的包装。
We are prepared to order 20 cases of black tea which must be packed well.5 这是我们去年参观的那个工厂。
This is the factory which we visited last year.6 您是否还记得我们第一次见面的时候。
Do you still remember the time when we first met .7 我们无法接受上个星期五您给我们的报价。
We can’t accept your offer which you gave us last Friday.8 几年后，小工厂已经发展成为一个雇有2000人的大广场。
In a few years the small factory has become a large factory which employed 2000 people.9 他是去年和我们建立业务关系的客户。
He is the customer who built business relations with us last year.10 正在给客户打电话的人是我们部门的销售经理。
The man who is calling the customer is our sales manager from our department.1 他是去年我在上海出差认识的那位商人。
浅析商务英语中的定语从句三种翻译方法
浅析商务英语中的定语从句三种翻译方法
毛津源
【期刊名称】《校园英语（教研版）》
【年(卷),期】2016(000)003
【摘要】商务英语在当今社会商务活动中扮演着重要的角色.商务英语翻译有其自身的句法特点,定语从句在商务英语中使用频繁且复杂.因此要求译者根据原文分析其逻辑关系,为了避免不必要的经济纠纷或经济损失,译者应掌握其英汉互译的翻译原则和特点并结合前置法,后置法和融合法三种翻译方法有效地解决商务英语中定语从句翻译的难题.
【总页数】1页(242)
【关键词】商务英语;定语从句;融合法
【作者】毛津源
【作者单位】湖北大学知行学院
【正文语种】中文
【中图分类】
【相关文献】
1.商务英语定语从句的理解和翻译技巧 [J], 谭美云
2.商务英语翻译中定语从句的译法 [J], 王琰
3.商务英语中定语从句的翻译策略探讨 [J], 杨恕华
4.英语定语从句的三种翻译方法 [J], 张宏友
5.浅析商务英语中定语从句的翻译 [J], 张怡。
20XX年复习资料大学复习资料专业：班级：科目老师：日期：定语从句的翻译1. A lot of things happened to the board of directors during his absence which he didnot know.2.I guessed that in the past he had acquired a good deal of experience in dealing withMiddle West businessmen who had to be cajoled into paying a fancy price for an old master’s painting.3.In the Third World, where two out of three people still live by farming, food shortageand malnutrition are common.4.Americans have a great range of customs and habits that at first may seem puzzlingto a visitor.5.They saw the first glimmerings of the "new economic order" for which many Third Worldcountries have long been clamoring.6.Each day we make choices that affect our lives and sometimes the lives of others.7.While at a museum, one can frequently rent a small recording machine that will explainthe objects on display as you move through the museum.8.There are also great advantages that come from different kinds of cultures broughtby settlers from other lands.9.In fact, many Americans who could afford to hire a cook or driver do not employ them.10.The airplane is the first in the scale of increasing vehicle size that would appearto be adaptable to nuclear power.11.Einstein, who worked out the famous Theory of Relativity, won the Nobel Prize in20XXXX21.12.As you know, we operate in a highly competitive market in which we have been forcedto cut our prices to the minimum.13. A country that wishes to become a member of WTO is to send in its application beforea working party is formed by WTO for examination of the specific conditions of thecountry.14.The trend of home working is surging in the field of finance where trading can bedone via the Internet.15.E-commerce is a challenging and dynamic area where change, growth and innovation arethe norm.补充练习：（无）。
定语从句1.前置合译法（前滚翻）：若定语从句较短，较简单，与先行词（名词）的关系紧密（一般来说，紧密的，为限定性从句；不紧密的，为非限定性从句），限定性定语从句及少部分非限定性从句（较短且有描述性的非限定），一般将从句提在先行词之前，译成“…的” 1）The action it takes at any moment can,t be predicted,and people find that disturbing.分析：后一个that引导宾语从句，指代前面的事情。
翻译：它在任何一个时刻采取的行动都无法预见，这件事使人们感到不安。
2）I was, to borrow from John Le Carre（插入语）,the spy（间谍）who was to stay out in the cold.分析：插入语，作状语，译成汉语时，放在句首翻译：借用约翰.李.卡雷的话来说，我是一名被打入冷宫的间谍。
3）There will come a day when people all over the world will live a happy life.分析：定语从句中含有定语从句，主句是when引导的定语从句，修饰a day 翻译：全世界人民过上幸福生活的那一天（终究）是会到来的。
4）The people who worked for him lived in mortal fear of him.翻译：在他手下干活的员工怕他怕得要死。
5）We were most impressed by the fact that even those patients who were not told of their serious ill were quite aware of its potential outcome.翻译：给我们留下极深印象的是（同位语的翻译）即使那些没有被告知严重病情的病人，对其疾病的潜在后果也是非常清楚的。
定语从句例句带翻译及讲解定语从句例句带翻译及讲解定语从句（也称关系从句、形容词性从句），是指一类由关系词（英语：relative word）引导的从句,因为这类从句的句法功能多是做定语，所以曾被称为定语从句（英语：attributive clause），这类从句除了可以做定语之外，还可以充当状语等其他成分，所以现代语言学多使用“关系从句”这一术语。
下面是店铺整理的定语从句例句带翻译及讲解，一起来看看吧。
(1) who引导的非限制性定语从句Our guide，who was a French Canadian，was an excellent cook.我们的向导，一个法裔加拿大人，擅长于烹调。
My gardener，who is very pessimistic，says that there will be no apples this year.我家的园丁非常悲观，他说今年将不结苹果。
(2) whom引导的非限制性定语从句关系代词whom用于指人，在句中作动词宾语和介词宾语，作介词宾语时，介词可位于句末。
如：Peter, whom you met in London, is now back in Paris.彼得现在回巴黎了，你在伦敦见过他。
Mr Smith，from whom I have learned a lot，is a famous scientist.史密斯先生是一位著名的科学家，我从他那儿学了许多东西。
(3) whose引导的非限制性定语从句whose是关系代词who的所有格形式，在从句中作定语。
whose 通常指人，也可指动物或无生命的事物。
如：The boy, whose father is an engineer, studies very hard.那位小男孩学习很努力，他的父亲是位工程师。
Above the trees are the mountains whose magnificence the river faithfully reflects on the surface. 在树林的高处是山，其壮丽的景色完全映照在河面上。
========本科学生毕业论文商务英语中定语从句的翻译方法作者====系(院)外国语学院专业英语年级2008级本科学号080401001指导教师====_论文成绩_日期2012年05月_学生诚信承诺书本人郑重承诺：所呈交的论文是我个人在导师指导下进行的研究工作及取得的研究成果。
尽我所知，除了文中特别加以标注和致谢的地方外，论文中不包含其他人已经发表或撰写的研究成果，也不包含为获得安阳师范学院或其他教育机构的学位或证书所使用过的材料。
与我一同工作的同志对本研究所做的任何贡献均已在论文中作了明确的说明并表示了谢意。
签名：日期：论文使用授权说明本人完全了解安阳师范学院有关保留、使用学位论文的规定，即：学校有权保留送交论文的复印件，允许论文被查阅和借阅；学校可以公布论文的全部或部分内容，可以采用影印、缩印或其他复制手段保存论文。
签名：导师签名：日期：商务英语中定语从句的翻译方法曹忠慧（安阳师范学院外国语学院，河南安阳455002）摘要：商英语定语从句翻译方法的分析，使初学者对较复杂的句式结构能更好的理解。
对其他各科也提供了不同的思路。
通过对定语从句翻译方法的研究，论证了转换与补偿在定语从句中翻译时的重要作用，系统地归纳总结了定语从句的翻译方法。
关键词：定语从句；转换与补偿；翻译方法；商务英语一、翻译方法简述——转换与补偿无论是从英语还是汉语来看，“翻译（translation）”及其同义词，都同转换后替换的概念相关。
所以翻译首先是一个从原文到译文的语际转换过程，即贯穿该过程始终的、在各语言层次上综合进行的各种语言现象、表达手段和叙述方式的转换。
而俄罗斯翻译理论家巴尔胡达罗夫在《语言与翻译》一书中补对偿法做了明确的定义：补偿法则是可以达到等值翻译的一种特殊手段。
当翻译中因某种原因没有原语中某些成分的等值成分，也无适当的表达手段时，常用这种方法。
作为翻译方法，补偿是转换的必要和有效补偿。
在很多情况下，转换与补偿在翻译中形影不离，相辅相成。
商务英语合同中的定语从句In a business English contract, a defining relative clause is used to provide essential information about anoun in the sentence. It usually starts with a relative pronoun (who, whom, which, that) and gives importantdetails about the noun it refers to. Here are some examples of defining relative clauses in a business English contract:1. The company, which has been in operation for over 50 years, agrees to provide the necessary funding for the project.2. The consultant who is hired to oversee the marketing campaign must have at least 10 years of experience in the industry.3. All products that are deemed defective by the quality control team will be replaced at no extra cost to the customer.4. The supplier whom we have a long-standingrelationship with has agreed to extend the payment termsfor this order.5. The software which is used for accounting purposes must be compatible with the company's existing systems.在商务英语合同中，定语从句用于提供关于句子中名词的重要信息。
商务英语合同中的定语从句In the realm of business English, the use of attributive clauses is a sophisticated way to convey detailed information about a noun within a contract. These clauses provide essential details that can clarify the nature of the agreement, the parties involved, and the terms of the contract itself. Here's how attributive clauses can be effectively utilized in a business English contract:1. Defining Parties: "The Party, which enters into this agreement, shall be referred to as the 'Contractor.'" This clause specifies which party is being referred to within the contract.2. Describing Objects: "The goods, that are the subject of this contract, are defined in Schedule A." This clause directs the reader to another part of the document for a detailed description of the goods involved.3. Specifying Conditions: "The payment terms, under which the Contractor is obligated to pay, are detailed in Section4." This clause outlines the specific conditions that must be met for payment to be due.4. Identifying Timeframes: "The effective date of this agreement is the date on which both Parties have signed, as evidenced by their signatures." This clause pinpoints the exact time when the contract becomes effective.5. Clarifying Locations: "The jurisdiction governing this contract is the state in which the Company's headquarters is located." This clause specifies the legal jurisdiction that will be applied to the contract.6. Enumerating Obligations: "The services, including but not limited to those listed in Exhibit B, shall be provided by the Contractor." This clause expands on the services that the contractor is obligated to provide, with a reference to an exhibit for a comprehensive list.7. Stipulating Consequences: "In the event that the Contractor fails to meet the deadlines specified in this agreement, the penalties outlined in Clause 12 shall apply." This clause links to a specific clause that details the consequences of non-compliance.8. Referring to Legal Definitions: "The term 'Force Majeure,' as used in this contract, shall have the meaning ascribed to it in legal jurisprudence." This clause refers to a legal definition that is assumed to be known by the reader.9. Limiting Scope: "The indemnification provided for in this contract shall only apply to claims arising directly from the actions of the Contractor." This clause limits the scope of indemnification to specific conditions.10. Detailing Processes: "The process, by which disputes shall be resolved, is detailed in the arbitration clause of this agreement." This clause directs the reader to therelevant section for dispute resolution procedures.Attributive clauses are powerful tools in legal writing, allowing for the inclusion of complex information in a concise manner. They are particularly useful in business contracts where precision and clarity are paramount. When drafting or reviewing a contract, it's crucial to ensure that these clauses are used correctly to avoid ambiguity and potential legal disputes.。
- 242-校园英语 / 翻译探究浅析商务英语中的定语从句三种翻译方法湖北大学知行学院/毛津源【摘要】商务英语在当今社会商务活动中扮演着重要的角色。
商务英语翻译有其自身的句法特点，定语从句在商务英语中使用频繁且复杂。
因此要求译者根据原文分析其逻辑关系，为了避免不必要的经济纠纷或经济损失，译者应掌握其英汉互译的翻译原则和特点并结合前置法，后置法和融合法三种翻译方法有效地解决商务英语中定语从句翻译的难题。
【关键词】商务英语 定语从句 融合法20世纪70年代，“现代翻译之父”奈达，在《翻译理论与实践》中提出：翻译，是指在译语中用最切近而又自然的对等语再现原语的信息。
首先是文体上，他的对等翻译理论是引导商务英语最好的原则。
翻译不仅应该注重语言形式，也是读者对翻译的回应。
商务翻译与贸易、合同、保险、投资、货运、金融等领域的文字相联系，所涉及内容严肃具体，不允许译者在翻译时随便表达。
译者选词要准确，概念表达要确切，数字与单位要精确。
尤其是合同和法律文本英语，选词更为严谨。
译者应从词义和专业上去深刻地理解原文的含义，达到表述准确无误，内容完整，译文所传达的信息同原文所传递的信息要保持一致。
一旦原文信息错译或漏译，造成的损失可能无法弥补。
英国著名翻译理论家亚历山大•弗雷泽•泰特勒在他的著作《论翻译的原则》中提出，好的翻译就是将原作的优点完整地移入另一种语言中，使得译入语国家的读者能够像原作一样能领悟、强烈地感受原作。
风格信息的传递在商务英语翻译中也不可忽视。
不同的民族文化之间有许多这样那样的差异，译者需要了解这些差异，以便通过恰当的方法达到文化上的对等。
翻译中若忽略了原文的风格信息，不仅会使译文信息大量流失，而且使译文显得不得体。
商务英语文体复杂。
商务英语所涉及的专业范围很广，包括广告英语、法律英语、应用文英语、服装英语、包装英语等功能变体英语。
了解国际商务英语的文体特点有利于译者把握原作的风格信息传递，从而在翻译定语从句中得心应手。
定语从句英文翻译方法定语从句英文翻译方法定语从句，一个简单句跟在一名词或代词后（先行词）进行修饰限定，就叫做定语从句。
下面是店铺为大家整理的定语从句英文翻译方法，欢迎大家借鉴与参考，希望对大家有所帮助。
一、前置译法如果一个定语从句在句中的作用是修饰和限定名词，那么通常就采取译为前置定语的方法。
但注意译成前置定语后既不能影响原文所表达的意思，还要使整个句子的表达言简意赅、连贯通顺、语气较强。
例句：Water, which is a clear liquid, has many uses.译文：水是一种清澈的液体，有许多用途。
在前置译法的过程中如果定语从句中的谓语不含有具体意义，可省译从句中的谓语。
这种译法很简便，也很有效。
有时候，出于汉语行文的需要和逻辑关系方面的考虑，可将定语从句提在主语之前翻译，用来说明情况，但不作为被修饰名词的定语。
例句：There are also great advantages that come from the variety of culture brought by settlers from other lands.译文：移民从个地方带来了多种文化，产生了极大的好处。
二、后置译法我们都知道，英语中很多定语从句都是为了连接两个具有共同名词的句子而存在的，因此在翻译时最好分为两个分句。
而对于起限定作用的定语从句，如果结构较为复杂，句子太长，无法译成前置的定语，最后就译成一个后置的并列分句，这样更合乎汉语的习惯。
例句：Our war against terror is a contest of will in which perseverance is power.译文：我们的反恐战争是一场意志力的较量。
在这场较量中，不屈不挠的精神就是力量。
结构较复杂的定语从句常译成后置的并列分句，在多数情况下要重译先行词，或即便句子不长，出于某种原因需要强调先行词，也要重译先行词。
定语从句翻译定语从句的翻译(1): 较短的限制性定语从句可译成带“的”的定语词组。
在英语中，定语从句很常见，有的结构比较简单，有的结构相当复杂，有的与先行词关系密切(限制性)，有的与先行词关系不甚密切(非限制性)，有的定语从句还具有原因、结果、让步、目的、条件、假设等意义。
英语的定语从句种类较多，翻译时有比较大的灵活性，可根据其结构和含义采用不同的译法。
限制性定语从句与先行词关系密切，尤其是一些较短的限制性定语从句，没有它主句的意义便不完整，可按照汉语定语前置的习惯将其译成带“的”的定语词组，放在先行词的前面。
例如：1. The boy who just went out is my nephew.刚出去的那个孩子是我的侄儿。
2. The book I read this morning is a dictionary.我今天上午看的那本书是词典。
3. He is the only one among us that knows French.他是我们中惟一懂法语的人。
4. The house whose roof was damaged has now been repaired.屋顶坏了的屋子现在已经修好。
5. Shanghai is the place where he was born.上海是他出生的地方。
6. I know the reason why he came late.我知道他来迟的原因。
练习:People who cannot distinguishbetween colours are said to becolour-blinded.We must know such symbols which are used to represent chemical elements.定语从句的翻译(2)：非限制性定语从句或较长的限制性定语从句可译成后置的并列分句。
非限制性定语从句用来对先行词作附加说明，在文字上一般有逗号与先行词隔开，与先行词的关系较为松散。
