大学英语视听说四级UNIT 3 音频原文及其答案

新视野大学英语视听说教程4第二版Homework tesk 3 原文及答案Unit7At present, it is believed that genes account for at least half of our general thinking ability. Looking for better genes for their children has become the major concern of many would-be parents. They hope they can have a choice of the baby's sex, its likely height, weight, hair, eye color, and intelligence.Four months ago, an unnamed couple placed "wanted" advertisements in several students' newspapers run by high-fee, famous colleges where they might be able to find the genes they wanted for their children."Intelligent, athletic egg-donor needed for loving family," their advertisement read. "You must be at least 178 centimeters, strongly built, and possess no major family medical issues." And the reward? It was $50,000.The couple has disclosed that 300 women responded. And more than a hundred reached the stage of consideration: 20 from Yale, 30 from Harvard, 40 from Princeton, and 15 from Stanford.What drew most attention was not the courage of the couple who advertised in these famous college newspapers, and not the principle of "eggs for sale", but the sum American egg donors expect to be paid. Until then, the going rate was about $3,000 to $5,000, plus all the costs of medical treatment and insurance. Their action raised "high-quality" donor eggs into a different price bracket, as high as $50,000. This amount would meet almost half the cost of fees for the students’four-year college course.. And it is a good deal more than the average American's annual wage.Unit6Ever since Philippine President Joseph Estrada was accused in October of accepting huge bribes, opposition pressure on him to resign has increased rapidly. On November 13, the House of Representatives voted to impeach him and declared he would face trial in the Senate.The bribery scandal broke at a press conference on October 9. At the press conference, Governor Luis Singapore of Ilocos Sur Province accused Estrada of illegally taking US $8 million in bribes from a gambling operation and getting US $2.7 million in tobacco taxes from that province. The Philippine House of Representatives reacted quickly. On October 18, 41 members put forward an act of impeachment against the President, listing many accusations of corruption, bribery, and using his office for personal gain.The House of Representatives formally started impeachment procedures on October 23. Meanwhile, the opposition has pushed for him to resign. On October 12, current vice-President Gloria M. Arroyo resigned as Secretary of Social Welfare and urged the President to resign. Since then, the Sectary of Trade and Industry, the director-general of Grain Administration, and five economic advisers to the President have resigned. And more than 40 members of the congress of Estrada’s own party have announced that they would withdraw from the party, including the chairmen of Senate and the House of Representatives, and the chairmen of the Judicial Committee and Economic Affairs Committee in the House of Representatives. With such important members of the government and congress having transferred their allegiance, the opposition has been emboldened to organized large-scale mass rallies to ask the President to step down.Unit5Thirty years ago, anyone blaming loneliness for physical illness would have been laughed at. But as scientists studied different populations, loneliness kept emerging as a risk factor. In one study, Californian researchers followed 4,700 residents of Alameda County for 10 years, starting in 1965.At first, the participants reported their key sources of companionship and estimated the time they devoted to each other. During the study, the people who reported the least social contact died at nearly three times the rate of those reporting the most. The source of companionship didn't matter, but time spent with others was critical.Since then, researchers have studied men, women, soldiers, and students from countries all over the world. And the same pattern keeps emerging. Women who say they feel isolated go on to die of cancer at several times the expected rate. College students who report “strained and cold” relationships with their parents suffer extraordinary rates of hypertension and heart disease decades later. Heart-attack survivors who happen to live by themselves die at twice the rate of those live with others.For those of us who are still healthy, the lesson should be obvious. It's clear that reaching out to others can help our bodies thrive. It's equally clear that we're growing more isolated. In 1900, only 5 percent of U.S. households consisted of one person living alone. The proportion reached 13 percent in 1960, and it stands at 25 percent today.Unit4A new era is upon us. Call it what you will: the service economy, the information age, or the knowledge society. It all translates to a fundamental change in the way we work. Already we're partly there. The percentage of people who earn their living by making things has fallen dramatically in the Western world. Today the majority of jobs in America, Europe and Japan are in the service industry, and that number is on the rise. More women are in the workplace than ever before. There are more part-time jobs. More people are self-employed. But the breadth of the economic transformation can't be measured by numbers alone, because it is also giving rise to a radical new way of thinking about the nature of work itself. Long-help notions about jobs and careers, the skills needed to succeed, even the relationship between individuals and employers—all of these are being challenged.We only have to look behind us to get some sense of what is ahead. No one looking ahead 20 years could possibly have foreseen the ways in which a single invention, the chip, would transform our world thanks to its applications in personal computers, digital communications, and factory robots. Tomorrow's achievements in biotechnology, artificial intelligence, or even some still unimagined technology could produce a similar wave of dramatic changes. But one thing is certain: information and knowledge will become even more vital, and the people who possess it, whether they work in manufacturing or services, will have the greatest advantage and produce the most wealth. Computer knowledge will become as basic a requirement as the ability to read and write.Unit3The London Borough of Camden provides many services for elderly residents, among which are the preparation for retirement courses. These courses, lasting for ten afternoons, are run three times a year from September to June. They are basically designed for people due to retire within a few years. These students are normally released for half days by their employers. But those already in retirement are also welcome to join. The courses last about ten weeks and cost six pounds per person, normally paid by the employer, with areduction for those already retired or receiving supplementary benefits. The courses include practical talks. These talks are on relevant subjects such as pensions and taxes. A wide field of leisure activities is also covered and sufficient time is left for questions and discussion.There is also a senior citizens' club held at the Merry Ward Center on weekday afternoons from one thirty to three thirty. The club arranges discussion groups and handicraft sessions, including dress-making and carpentry. Membership is free and a member can attend any course held there free of charge. Other services at the center include legal advice at reduced rates to those who otherwise could not afford it and free financial advice from the financial section on Mondays and Wednesdays between six and eight p.m.. Any other personal problems can be discussed with a counselor on Tuesday and Thursday afternoons from three thirty to four.Unit2Rembrandt, one of the greatest artists of all time, was born in Leiden in the Netherlands. As a child, he liked to sketch the sun coming in through a window and making a streak of light on the inside of the windmill where he lived. He continued this interest in light and shadow throughout life. His paintings often show one hand of a person in the light and one in the dark.Many artists traveled abroad but Rembrandt always stayed within 50 miles of his birthplace in Leiden, although he lived to be 63.Much of his life was spent in Amsterdam, then the richest town in Europe. In some of Rembrandt’s paintings, we see the rich clothes and jewels worn by people of that time in Amsterdam.Other Dutch artists of the time painted cloth of exquisite texture, dishes, and other such things simply because they were beautiful. The Dutch artists of Rembrandt’s day painted pictures of rooms with handsomely dressed people in them. Rembrandt was greater because he painted people so that we can tell how they felt and thought. He painted their personalities, not just their clothes or the lines of their faces.Rembrandt worked hard all his life, constantly improving his art. But his domestic life was filled with sorrow as all his children and his wife died before him and his overspending meant that his later years were filled with hardship. The people of his time stopped honoring him, but he was far greater than they would ever become. He was a great artist working on art problems ahead of his time.Unit1Nursing at Beth Israel Hospital produces the best patient care possible. If we are to solve the nursing shortage, hospital administration and doctors everywhere would do well to follow Beth Israel's example.At Beth Israel, each patient is assigned to a primary nurse who visits at length with the patient and constructs a full-scale health account that covers everything from his or her medical history to his or her emotional state. Then, the nurse writes a care plan, one that is not only centered on the patient's illness but also one which includes everything else that is necessary.The primary nurse stays with the patient throughout his or her hospitalization, keeping track of his or her progress and seeking further advice from the doctor. If a patient at Beth Israel is not responding to treatment, it is not uncommon for the nurse to propose another approach to the doctor. What the doctors at Beth Israel have in the primary nurse is a true colleague.Nursing at Beth Israel also involves a decentralized nursing administration; every floor and every unit is a self-contained organization. There arenurse-managers instead of head-nurses; in addition to their medical duties, they do all their own hiring and firing, and employee advising. They even make salary recommendations. Each unit's nurses decide among themselves who will work what shifts and when.Beth Israel's nurse-in-chief ranks as an equal with other vice presidents of the hospital.The nurse-in-chief is also a member of the Medical Executive Committee, which in most hospitals includes only doctors.。

那些看起来就很逗比的肯定都是第一帅翻的。

逗比的格式和正常人的一眼就能认出来。

鉴于是两个英语学渣翻的。

大家就凑活着看吧。

PS：考试范围之外的基本已经去掉，有些出入的注意看红字。

绝对最新！新视野大学英语视听说教程4（第二版）听力原文与答案Unit 1 Enjoy your feelings!Hit the roof-AngerII(1)M:I'm beside myself with joy. I'm so lucky. Guess what I've won a lot of moneyin the lottery.W:Really Well, you do know that money is the root of all evil, rightQ:What does the woman mean我很高兴。

我是如此幸运。

你猜怎么着我买彩票赢了很多钱。

真的吗好吧，你知道钱权是一切罪恶的根源吗(2)W:Mary was furious when her son wrecked up her car.M:He shouldn't have driven a car on his own without a driver's license. He's still taking driving lessons.Q:What do we know about Mary's son玛丽非常生气，当她的儿子弄坏了她的车了。

他不应该自己一个人开车，在他还没有的驾照的时候。

他还在上驾驶课。

(3)M:Susan, I hear you're going to marry that guy. Maybe you'll regret it.W:Is that so Only time will tell.Q:What does the woman imply苏珊，我听说你要嫁给那个家伙。

新视野大学英语视听说教程第四册听力练习录音文本和答案Uint1II. Basic Listening Practice1. ScriptM: I’m beside myself with joy. I’m so lucky. Guess what? I’ve won a lit of money in the lottery. W: Yeah? Well, you do know that money is the root of all evil, right?Q: What does the woman mean?2. ScriptW: Mary was furious. Her son wrecked up her car.M: He shouldn’t have driven a car without a driver’s license. He‘s still taking driving lesson.Q: What do we know ab out Mary’s son?3. ScriptM: Susan, I hear you’re going to marry that guy. Some people think you’ll regret it.W: Is that so? Only time tell.Q: What does the woman imply?4. ScriptM: Mary, I just want to say how sorry I was to learn of your mother’s pass ing. I know how close you two were?W: Thank you. It was so sudden. I’M still in a state of shock I don’t know what to do.Q: Which of following is true?5. ScriptW: I get furious at work when my opinions aren’t considered just because I’m a woman.M: You should air your view more emphatically and demand that your vice be heard.Q: What is the woman complaining about?Keys: 1.C 2.B 3. D 4.A 5.DIII. Listening InTask 1: Soft answers turn away wrath.Mary: Dam! You’re spilled red wine on me. My new dress is ruined.John: I’ m terrible sorry! What can I do to help? Here’s some water to wash it off.Mary: Stop splashing water on me! Oh, this is so embarrassing! I’m a mess.John: Well, you do look a little upset. Please don’t blow up. Don’t lose your co ol.Mary: Hmm, you’ve got the nerve talking like that! Who shouldn’t fly off the handle? This dress cost a fortune.John: You look really cute when you’re mad. I kid you not. Some people do look attractive when they are in a rage.Mary: This is very expens ive dress. I saved for months to buy it, and now it’s ruined. Look at this stain!John: Accidents do happen. Give me your dress, and I’ll take it to the cleaners.Mary: Sure! You want me to take it off right here in public and give it to you? I don’t even know you!John: This might be a really goof time to get acquainted. I’m John Owen.Mary: Mmm, at least you’re polite. I guess I really shouldn’t have flared up. After all, it was an accident. I’m Mary Harvey.John: Come on. I’ll take you home. You can change your clothes, and I’ll get the dress cleaned for you.Mary: Now you’re talking. Thanks. You’re a real gentleman.John: You’d better believe it. I’m glad to see that you’ve cooled down. Feel look a bite to eat afterward? I’m starving.Mary: Ok. You’re pretty good. I’m not nearly as mad. If you can get this stain out, I’ll be very happy.John: I’ll try my best. But if I can’t get the stain out, please don’t let your happiness turn to wrath.1. Which of the following would be the best title for the dialog?2. Why does the woman get angry?3. What does the man say to please the woman when she looks angry?4. Why does the woman say the man is a real gentleman?5. What is the man’s final proposal?Keys: 1D 2.A 3.C 4.B 5.CTask 2: Big John is coming!ScriptA bar owner in the Old West has just hired a timid bartender. This (S1) owner of the establishment is giving his new hire some instructions on (S2) running the place. He tells the timid man, “If you ever hear that Big John is coming to town, (S3) dr op everything and run for the hills! He’s the biggest, nastiest (S4) outlaw who’s ever lived!”A few weeks pass (S5) uneventfully. But one afternoon, a local cowhand comes running through town (S6) yelling, “Big John is coming! Run for your (S7) lives!”When the bartender leaves the bar to start running, he is knocked to the ground by several townspeople rushing out of town. (S8) As he’s picking himself up, he sees a large man, almost seven feet tall. He’s muscular, and is growing as he approaches the bar.He steps up to the door, orders the poor barkeep inside, and demands, “I want a beer NOW!”He strikes his heavy fist on the bar, splitting it in half. (S9) The bartender nervously hands the big man a beer, hands shaking. He takes the beer, bites the top of the bottle off, and downs the beer in one gulp.As the terrified bartender hides behind the bar, the big man gets up to leave, “Do you want another beer?” the bartender asks in a trembling voice.“Dang it, I don’t have time!” the big man yells, (S10) “I got to get out of town! Don’t you hear Big John is coming?”Task3: A View of HappinessScriptDr. Smith has proposed a reasonable, if perhaps somewhat oversimplifies, view of happiness. According to his theory, happiness might be described as a state if balance. And when humanor certain animals achieve that balance, they rend to remain in that condition in order to repeat the happy feeling.To illustrate this, we may study two magnets. When their positive and negative poles meet, they are comfortably joined, and they remain there. In other words, they have attained a balance or state of happiness. If on the other hand, one of the poles is reversed, and positive pole is presses against positive pole, there is resistance, instability, imbalance a state of unhappiness.Animals with some degree of intelligence seem to find happiness in reinforcement. Once they have gained one or more of their goals such as food, and water, they learn to repeat the actions that led to satisfaction of those goals. This repetition or reinforcement produces a state of balance or sense of happiness.According to this theory, only animals with a significant capacity to learn should be able to experience happiness. But in truth learning can take place through surprisingly simple short-term action such as scratching an itch, followed by pleasure, followed by more scratching, and so on. Thus learning can occur with almost no conscious thought.For human beings, blessed with the ability to reason, goals are not limited to the short-term satisfaction of needs. Indeed, there is a strong link between happiness and the fulfillment of long-term goals. Even if human strive for goals that are more complex and longer-term than the animals’ goals, once those goals are gained, happiness is reinforce d.1. Why does the speaker mention “magnets”?2. According to the passage, what may animals do after they have got food?3. Which of the following is true according to the speaker?4. What does the speaker say is special about the goals of human beings?5. Which of the following best captures the main idea of the passage?Keys: 1D 2.C3. B 4.D 5.AIV. Speaking OutMODEL 1 Don’t let it get to you!Susan: You look so angry. What happened?Chris: Nothing I’d rather not talk about it. Just don’t ask.Susan: Come on. Relax. Talk to me.Chris: All right. This morning I took my car to the garage to check the air conditioner. They only gave it a quick look, refilled it with some Freon, and charged me 300bucks!Susan: No wonder you’re livid. I’d be mad too if someone ripped me off like that.Chris: Yeah. And they were rude. They said I didn’t know anything about cars, which I don’t, but they didn’t have to be blunt!Susan: Sounds like you got a raw deal!Chris: What’s worse, as I was leaving, I herd then saying, “Don’t trust that guy. He looks broke.” When I heard that, I almost hit the roof.Susan: Don’t let it get to you. Better ignore them.Chris: I agree. I did manage to keep my cool.Susan: Well, the best thing you can do is to file a complaint with the Consumer ProtectionAgency.Chris: sounds like a good idea.MODEL2 I’m too depressed.ScriptSusan: Chris, I hear you’ve been down in the dumps, so I’ve come to cheer you up.Chris: It’s not gong o work. I’m too depressedSusan: Come, on. Tell me what’s on your mind.Chris: Everything. My girlfriend left me; my dog ran away; my wallet was stolen.Susan: Don’t worry. I’ll help you solve the biggest problem: finding you a new girlfriend. Chris: Forget it. Anyway, I’m getting bad grades, and I was told that I’d have to repeat a lot of courses next year. When I heard that, I almost lost it.Susan: Look, relax. I’ll help you with those courses.Chris: Yeah, but I also have three week’s laun dry to do., and my room is a pigsty.Susan: Forget it. You’re on your own.Chris: Come, on. What are friends for?Susan: To keep you in high spirits; not to do your laundry.MODEL3 You seem to be on top of the world.ScriptNora: Oh, hey, John!John: Hey!Nora: You seem to be on top of the world tonight. What’s up?John: I’m so happy I’m about to burst. Guess what?Nora: You’ve got me.John: It might be true that misfortunes never come singly, but you can also have a “double blessing”. And that’s what I had.Nora: You mean you’ve had two happy events in your life?John: Exactly. You know, I was strong in all subjects except physics. Now I’ve finally passed the test--the one I needed to qualify for a Bachelor’s degree.Nora: Congratulations! You’d failed it three times. Now wonder you’re beaming. What’s the other good news?John: The multinational I was dong my field project at offered me a job at a good staring salary. Nora: Wow, wonderful, simple wonderful.John: I feel like celebrating. Shall we go to a bar?Nora: Why not?Now Your TurnTask 1SAMPLE DIALOGA: You look furious. What happened?B: Nothing. I’d rather not talk about it. Just don’t ask.A: Come on. You shouldn’t keep your feeling to yourself. You need to let off some stream. So, talk tome.B: All right. This morning I went to a shop to buy a digital camera, I only need an ordinary one. It is enough for my tours in the summer vacation. Buy they persuaded me to buy a professional camera, which cost three times as much.A: But you were willing to buy for it. Anyway, it must work better.B: You see, I know next to nothing about photography. So they simply tricked me into buying an expensive one.A: No wonder you’re livid with rage. I’d be mad too if I were robbed like that. What are you going to do?B: I already went back to them and asked to exchange it for a cheaper one.A: What did they say?B: Oh, they were rude. They insisted that they hadn’t encouraged me to buy a professional camera, and that I bought it myself.A: Sounds like you got a raw deal!B: What’s worse, as I was leaving, I heard they say, “That guy looks broke. He shouldn’t have bought any camera.”A: Don’t let it get to you. Better ignore their rude remarks.B: I agree. I did manage to keep my cool.A: Well, the best thing you can do is to file a complaint with the Consumer Protection Agency. If they talk to the shop, maybe they will give you a refund.B: Sounds too good to be true.V. Let’s TalkScriptHello, everyone. Today I invite you to join me in an exploration off the causes of depression. There ate many factors involved, but I believe some deserve special attention.Heredity certainly plays a role. .The tendency to develop depression may be inherited; there is evidence that this disorder may run in families.Physiology is another factor related to depression. There may be changes or imbalances in chemicals which transmit information in the brain called neurotransmitters. Many modern antidepressant drugs attempt to increase levels of certain neurotransmitters so as to increase brain communication. While the causal relationship is unclear; it is known that antidepressant medications do reliever certain symptoms of depression.Researchers also study psychological factors. They include the complex development of one’s personality and how one has learned to cope with external environmental factors, such as stress. It is freeqently observed that low self-esteem and self-defeating thinking are connected with depression. While it is not clear which is the cause and which is the effect, it is known that sufferers who are able to make corrections to their thinking patterns can show improved mood and self-esteem.Another factor causing depression is one’s early experiences. Events such as the death of a parent, the divorce of the parents, neglect, chronic illness, and severe physical abuse can also increase the likelihood of depression later in life.Some present experiences may also lead to depression. Job loss, financial difficulties, long periods of unemployment, the loss of a spouse or other family member, or other painful events may trigger depression. Long-term stress at home, work, or school can also be involved.It is worth nothing that those living with someone suffering from \depression experience increased anxiety which adds to the possibility of their also becoming depressed.Depression-causing Factors Problem Description SolutionHeredity It is inherited and run in families.Physiology changes or imbalances in chemicals called neurotransmitters, which transmit information in the brain A ntidepressant drugs relieve certain symptoms of depression. Psychological Factors Low self-esteem and self-defeating thinking are connected with depression. Sufferers who make correction to their thinking patterns can show improved mood and self-esteem.Early Experiences Event like the death of a parent, the divorce of parents, neglect, chronic illness, and severe physical abuse can increase the likelihood of depression.Present Experiences Job loss, financial difficulties, long periods of unemployment, the loss of a spouse or other family member, or long-term stress may trigger depression.Living with somebody with depression T his causes increased anxiety, which adds to the possibility of their also becoming depressed.VI. Further Listening and SpeakingTask1: Reason and EmotionScriptEmotion is sometimes regarded as the opposite of reason; s is suggested by phrase such as” appeal to emotions rather than reason” and “don’t let your emotions take over”. Emotional reactions sometimes produce consequences or thoughts which people may later regret or disagree with; but during an emotional state, they could not control their actions. Thus, it is generally believed that one of the most distinctive facts about human beings is a contradiction between emotion and reason.However, recent empirical studies do not suggest there is a clear distinction between reason and emotion. Indeed, anger or fear can often be thought of as an instinctive response to observed fact. The human mind possesses many possible reactions to the external world. Those reactions can lie on a continuum, with some of them involving the extreme of pure intellectual logic, which is often called “cold”, and others involving the extremes of pure emotion not related to logical agreeme nt, which is called “the heat of passion”. The relation logic and emotion merits careful study. Passion, emotion, or feeling can reinforce an argument, event one based primarily on reason. This is especially true in religion or ideology, which frequently demands an all-or-nothing rejection or acceptance. In such areas of thought, human beings have to adopt a comprehensive view partly backed by empirical argument and partly by feeling and passion. Moreover, several researchers have suggested that typically there is no “pure” decision or thought; that is, no thought is based “purely”” on intellectual logic or “purely” on emotion—most decisions are founded on a mixture of both.1. What results does the speaker may some from emotional reactions?2. What is the popular belief about reason and emotion?3. What does the speaker mean by “cold “?4. According to the passage, what should people do in religious matters?5. What is the speaker’s conclusion?Keys: 1.A 2.B 3.C 4.C 5.DTask 2: DepressionScriptPat: Yo u look depressed. Are you feeling blue? I’ve come to cheer you up.Ted: But there’s nothing that can cheer me up. I’m down in the dumps. Life’s miserablePat: You have to try to get your mind off things.Ted: But I can’t. I just feel there’s too much press ure on me sometimes!Pat: You can’t let things get you down. Learn to relax and stop worrying all the time. What’s your problem?Ted: I failed my last exam, and another exam is coming, I get bored.Pat: If I were you, I’d start working hard. If you work hard for a long time, you’re bound to get better grades. You see, “no pain, no gain”.Ted: It’s easier said than done! If I read for fifteen minutes, I get bored.Pat: You have to learn some self-discipline.But how can I stay cheerful all the time?Ted: Worse than that! If I read for half an hour, I get a headache. Then I start to worry about passing the next exam.Pat: It’s all in your mind. If you stay cheerful like me, everything will soon be OK.Ted: But how can I stay cheerful all the time?Pat: Try to look on the bright side of things.Ted: But what if there isn’t a bright side?Pat: You know the saying: Every cloud has a silver lining. It means there’re always tow sides to everything—both the dark and the bright sides. So, try to identify your strengths and bring then into full play.Ted: Oh, no! Your corny old sayings are making me even more depressed.Keys: TFFTFTask3: AngerScriptAnger is an emotion that can be hard to control. Despite this, we should learn how to manage anger in a constructive manner. In the most intense moments of anger, we usually have two choices: to fight or to run. Some choose the option of violence, which is a negative reaction to anger; and others choose to run. Some may think running means you are a coward. But the option of walking away and claiming down is the more productive method of handling anger. It is difficult to walk away, especially when your heart is racing, and your anger is boiling over.There are constructive ways of handling anger in any situation. First, you have to stop for a brief moment and think before you act. Take that moment and calm down id you feel yourself being pushed.At that moment you should admit you are angry. If you refuse to admit you’re angry or hurt, or if you make it appear that everything is peaches and cream, you are not managing angry in a productive way. You should first admit you are angry and let your feelings out before you blow up. Foe example, you can stay in a quiet place by yourself and shout; or you can talk to a close friend to vent your rage. If you do not acknowledge your anger, it only builds up inside you and will eventually explode like a volcanoThen, in order to manage your angry, you can ask yourself an important question that we all must ask ourselves, “What made me angry?” When you get the answer, and then ask yourself, “Why did that made me angry?” Through such logical reasoning, one tends to calm down and move toward a sensible solution.News ReportU.S. Roller CoasterScriptThe world’s first 4D roller coaster, “X”, took on its first passengers last week at the Six Flags Magic Mountain theme park, just outside Los Angeles.After climbing on board and properly securing their safety harnesses, “X” riders are first to a height of over 66meters. At the top, the passenger train is released and builds up enough speed to race and plummet around the track at speeds of over 130km an hour.The rider takes the daring passengers down an incredible 66m dive and over the top of a 62m loop, in cars that spin independently of the roller coaster train. This unique design allows riders to spin360degree, both forwards and backwards, through the entire ride.Passengers hurtle through this ride often moving in many different directions at the same time ad the cars somersault back and forth and the roller coaster twists, loops, and dives.The complicated series of maneuvers includes two raven turn, one front flip, one twisting front flip, and two back flips.Since passengers aren’t always facing the right direction to see what’s coming up next, the element of surprise is high. For “X” riders, this adds to the thrill of the ride.The track of this newest roller coaster runs a total length of a little over1, 100meters. The passenger trains measure 6meters wide and 21meters long, large enough to carry 28 passengers at a time. At full capacity, the trains can take 1,600passengers for the ride of their lives each hour.The entire ride lasts for only a total about 2minutes, but you can tell from the exhilarated faces of passengers returning to the boarding dock that they were two of the most thrilling minutes of heir lives.Uint2II. Basic Listening Practice3. ScriptW: Did you hear? Helen got modeling jib! She’s going to be sashaying down the catwalk.M: Wow, that’s great! All that walking practice really paid off. And foe once she won’t be complaining about being so tall.Q: Why did Helen get modeling job?4. ScriptM: Julia, come and see the Miss America contest on TV. All those beautiful girls are walking around in bathing suits, so the judges can decide who has the best figure.W: Bah! That’s the worst kind of exploitation. They are treating women like toys for people to enjoy. I would never take part in this kind of contest.Q: What do the man and the woman think about the beautify contest?3. ScriptW: What shall I do? I’m fat. I want to be slim and beauty, but I’m fat. I’ve tried all the new ideas, high carb and low carb, but nothing works.M: Those diets are just fads, popular for a while and then forgotten. Just follow the usual diet with fruits, vegetables, fish, water, and get plenty of exercise. Before long you’ll see results.Q: What has the woman tried?4. ScriptW1: I think Lily is really attractive. She’s half Spanish and has this really sultry look about her.W2: That explains why she tans so well. I’ve always been jealous of her skin color in the summer.Q: Which of following is true of Lily?5. ScriptM: Trust me, it was tight there on the Internet: “Plastic Surgery Increasing at a Faster Rate Among Men”. Appare ntly more and more men are trying to improve their appearance.W: I saw it too on the news. Face-lifts, nose jobs, and box to hide wrinkle are now very popular with men. Men say it’s for business reasons, but we know it’s vanity.Q: What does the woman think the real reason is that men have plastic surgery?Keys: 1.B 2.A 3. C 4D 5BIII. Listening InTask 1: A Friendly StylistStylist: Morning, sir. This chair, please. What can I do for you?Nick: A simple haircut: short on the back and sides.Stylist: Very good. I can, of course, do something fashionable for only $60.Nick: 60 dollars! That’s highway robbery—twice what I ordinarily pay.Stylist: Perhaps, sir. But your haircuts haven’t been in harmony with your character. Your hair is at war with your soul.Nick: I’ve never heard of such a thing.Stylist: If I may say, I’m an expert at matching hairstyle to personalities. Believe me; you’re suffering a “disjunction”.Nick: A disjunction? What the devil is a disjunction?Stylist: Your hair does not match you.Nick: This is utter nonsense. However, I’d like to hear how you’d solve this so-called problem. Stylist: Your character is artistic, imaginative. But your hair is dull. I can correct that imbalance in seconds.Nick: Okay, let me see what can you do about t he…uh…disjunction, as you call it.Stylist: We’re going to use scissors to create peaks, which we’ll keep in place with a liberalhelping of gel….This tuft in the back we’ll braid into a pigtail. Now, it’s the new you!Nick: I love it. It’s just like me: imaginative and artistic. Now what are you doing? What’s wrong? Don’t you see harmony in my new hairstyle?Stylist: Something’s preventing your hairstyle from being a true fashionable statement.Nick: For heaven’s sake, tell me what’s missing.Stylist: Streaks. By putting in a few yellow streaks in your hair, it will become a work of art. Streaking will cost you more, but…Nick: Do it. Forget the cost. But, by the way, what is the total getting to be? How much am I paying to avoid disjunction?Stylist: That’s…$135. Sir? Sir, are you all right? Oh, he fainted.6. When the stylist mentions $60, what does the customer say?7. What does the stylist think about the customer’s hairstyle?8. What will the stylist do with the customer’s hair?9. What will streaking d o to the man’s hair according to the stylist?10. What is the passage mainly about?Keys: 1C.A 3.D4.B 5.AFor Reference:1. It means there is no match between you and your hair.2. That’s…$135. Sir? Sir, are you all right? Oh, he fainted.Task 2: The Voice LiftScriptAfter the face-lift, the forehead tightened, and the (S1) nose job, something still might be revealing your age: your (S2) voice.For patients who think their trembly, hoarse words don’t (S3) match their newly face and figure, there’s a proc edure that claims to make them (S4) sound younger too: the voice lift.There are two general kinds of voice lifts. In some cases, implants (S5) inserted through an incision in the (S6) neck bring the vocal cords closer together. Doctors also use injections of (S7) fat or other substances to plump up the cords, so that the voice sounds younger.(S8) The voice lift is becoming more widely known among an aging population, who try to make themselves sound younger.“I speak in a great deal, or I was shouting, on a particular day, at the end of the day, I would feel exhausted,” said Robert Brown, 75, (S9) a retired construction engineer who underwent the voice lift several years ago, “I don’t know if I sound younger, but the hoarseness is gone, which is such a gre at improvement.”(S10) Voice lift can also benefit people like performers, lawyers, teachers, and telephone operators who need to have a strong voice and hope to shave years off the sound of their voice.Task3: A View of HappinessScriptMen are turning to plastic surgery and cosmetic procedures to brighten up their appearances at a faster rate than women, according to a survey released on Wednesday.Men’s use of fat injections to soften deep wrinkles leaped 47 percent last year from theprevious year. Wo men’s use of the injections fell 36 percent, according to a survey by the American Academy of Facial and Plastic Reconstructive Surgeons.Men’s use of botox injections to eliminate frown lines rose 88 percent, while women’s botox use fell 8 percent.And for smoothing skin, the use of laser resurfacing among men rose 13percent, the survey showed. Meanwhile, women’s use of laser resurfacing dropped 38 percent during the same time period.The number of men getting nose jobs rose 47 percent, while the number of women doing so rose 5 percent.Typically, men and women visiting plastic surgeons for cosmetic reasons were age 40 to 59. The study said 44 percent of men and 57 percent of women tell their doctor that looking younger is the reason they are choosing cosmetic surgery.By about 18 percent, men are more likely than women to say they want facial cosmetic surgery for work-related reasons.The study was conducted by written questionnaires from January 20 to March 3 among more than 2,600 members of the association, who focus on treatment of the face, head, and neck. By comparison, in the previous year, women’s use of botox rose 60 percent while men’s fell 14 percent; women’s use of laser resurfacing rose 13 percent while men’s fell 19 percent; women’s us e of fat injections fell17 percent and men’s fell 54 percent.6. What is true of men and women’s use of fat injections?7. While of the following is true of nose jobs?8. How much greater is the percentage of women choosing cosmetic surgery to look younger than the percentage of men?9. What is true of men and women using botox in the previous year?10. Which of the following would be the best title for the passage?Keys: 1C 2.C3. B 4.B 5.DIV. Speaking OutMODEL 1 She’s having some cosmetic surgery.A my: Did you hear Nora’s off to Korea?Bill: why is she going to Korea?Amy: She is having some cosmetic surgery.Bill: I’m floored! I thought she was beautiful already.Amy: I know what you mean. She’s having her nose fixed.Bill: Was it broken?Amy: No, stupid, she’s having it made smaller.Bill: If she wasn’t beautiful already, I could understand getting surgery. But she already has a nice nose.Amy: But not a fashionable one. She’s also having her teeth straighten. She wants to have a perfect smile.Bill: What for?Amy: She believes a better physical appearance will improve her chance of getting a good job.。

新编大学英语（第三版/浙江大学编著）4视听说教程原文Unit3Part1Listening 1Three guys are out having a relaxing day fishing. Out of the blue, they catch a mermaid who begs them to set her free in return for granting each of them a wish.One of the guys just doesn’t believe it, and says, “OK, if you can really grant wishes, then double my IQ.” The mermaid says, “Done!” Suddenly, the guy starts to recite Shakespeare flawlessly and then make an extremely insightful analysis of it. The second guy is so amazed that he says to the mermaid, “Hey, triple my IQ.”The mermaid says, “Done!”The guy begins pouring out all the mathematical solutions to problems that have puzzled scientists in all fields.The last guy is so impressed by the changes in his friends that he says to the mermaid, “Quintuple my IQ.” The mermaid looks at him and says, “You know, I normally don’t try to change people’s minds when they make a wish, but I really wish you‘d reconsider.”The guy says, “No, I want you to increase my IQ by five times, and if you don’t do it, I won’t set you free.”“Please,” says the mermaid, “you don’t know what you’re asking for. It’ll change your entire view of the universe. Won’t you ask for something else? A million dollars or anything?”But no matter what the mermaid says, the guy insists on having his IQ increased by five times its usual power. So the mermaid sighs and says, “Done!” And he becomes a woman.Listening2Dr. Rose Herring, author of a book on language and communication, is being interviewed by Bob White, a writer for an academic journal on communication.Bob White: Good morning Dr. Herring! We both know that many communication specialists believe that gender bias exists in language, culture and society. Do you think this is really so? Dr. Herring: Yes, I certainly do. How we talk and listen can be strongly influenced by cultural expectations, and these begin during childhood. Children usually play together with other children of the same gender, and this is where our conversational style is learned.Bob White: Can you give some specific examples?Dr. Herring: Certainly. We find that girls use language mainly to develop closeness or intimacy as a basis for friendship. Boys, on the contrary, use language mainly to earn status in their group. Bob White: But, in communication through electronic devices like e-mail discussion groups, thereshould be no gender distinction if writers’ names are not used in the messages.Dr. Herring: One might think so, but in fact, e-mail writing style is more comparable with spoken language, so basic language styles are still evident.Bob White: I thought e-mail messages were gender neutral!Dr. Herring: No. while theoretical gender equality exists for the Internet, in reality women are not given equal opportunity because of different communication and language styles between the sexes.Bob White: How does that happen? Do you have any hard facts to back up this impression?Dr. Herring: Yes. I’ve done a research project using randomly selected e-mail messages from online discussion groups. I found that females use language that is more collaborative and supportive, such as “Thanks for all the tips on…”,”Good point.” and “Hope this helps!”. Men tend to use more aggressive or competitive language such as “Do you understand that?”, “You should realize that…”, “It is absurd to think…”.Bob White: How great are these gender differences?Dr. Herring: Males write messages using aggressive, competitive language more than twice as often as females do, while females use collaborative and supportive language three times as often as males do. In this study, it is clear that there is gender difference in e-mail messages just as in other communication media.Bob White: So the “battle of the sexes” is still with us, even online.Listening3John: Cathy, do you think it’s appropriate for females to continuously expect guys to behave in a standard gentlemanly fashion like opening car doors?Cathy: Well, I think it would be nice if men could do such things.John: My side of the theory is that we all have to admit that we are living in a changes world. Right? Sometimes the equation changes if the driver is a girl and the passenger is a guy who doesn’t drive. So what happens? Should the girl open the door for the guy or should the guy open the door for the girl? Maybe we should just adopt an “open your own door” policy. Cathy: Yeah, I agree, John. But…sometimes it’s just a matter of courtesy. It doesn’t matter who opens the door for whom. Maybe females just should not expect too much. Life isn’t a fairy tale after all.John: That’s absolutely true. Sometime I feel that there isn’t any difference in the roles both genders can perform. Of course I’m not saying that men can give birth. Rather what I meant was that except for the physical and natural differences between both sexes, there isn’t much difference between them.Cathy: But honestly, although I don’t expect guys to open doors for me, or to pull out a chair for me, I’m usually quite impressed if they do so, as many guys don’t do it. If the guy was walking in front of me and went through the door first, I’d appreciate it if he could hold the door and not let it slam in my face.John: Well, if I’m the one walking in front, I will open the door and hold it for the people behind me, be it a girl or a boy. I’ve actually had the door slammed right in my face a number of timesthough, when the person walking closely in front of me didn’t hold the heavy glass door and let it swing back in my face. Of course, I tried to hold the door, but it was too heavy and too late. But I think it was more embarrassing for him than me as everyone was looking at him, while I was rubbing my squashed nose.Cathy: So, being a gentleman does not stop at opening doors. There are many other aspects I believe.Listening4Do you know how you learned to be a woman? Do you know how you learned to be a man? What makes the difference in terms of gender and our roles in society? Even when our physical structures are revealed to be really similar, women and men “tend”to play different roles in society. In an article in the latest issue of Psychology Today, we find a study that reflects how parents of 15 girl-babies 15 boy-babies differed in their descriptions of their babies. Despite the fact that objective data such as birth length, weight, irritability, etc. did not differ, when the parents were asked to describe their babies, they said that girl-babies were softer, litter, more beautiful, prettier, cuter than boy-babies. Based on these facts, we could conclude that parents’attitudes are influencing their children.Our parents and later our school, television and Internet all show us a whole set of expected behaviors that create our patterns. Thus, a simple cartoon can suggest to children how they are supposed to act. Male cartoon characters are not only more prominent than female characters, but they also portray a broader range of masculine traits. Male characters are powerful, strong, smart and aggressive.Of course roles have been changing over the past decades. Women are not necessarily expected to stay home raising their family and supporting their husbands. In the same way, men are no longer expected to be the only breadwinner like they used to be; now women and men share these responsibilities. But traditional roes still have a big influence.Part2Listening 1“Equal” does not always mean “the same”. Men and women are created equally but boys and girls are not born the same.You throw a little girl a ball, and it will hit her in the nose. You throw a little boy a ball, and he will try to catch it, then it will hit him in the nose.A baby girl will pick up a stick and look in wonder at what nature has made. A baby boy will pickup a stick and turn it into a gun.When girls play with Barbie dolls, they like to dress them up and play house with them. When boys play with Barbie dolls, they like to tear their hair off.Boys couldn’t care less if their hair is untidy. If their hair got cut a quarter-inch too short, girls would rather lock themselves in their room for two weeks than be seen in public.Baby girls find mommy’s makeup and almost instinctively start painting their face. Baby boys find mommy’s makeup and almost instinctively start painting the walls.Boys grow their fingernails long because they’re too lazy to cut them. Girls grow their fingernails long—not because they look nice—but because they can dig them into a boy’s arm.Girls are attracted to boys, even at an early age. At an early age, boys are attracted to dirt.Most baby girls talk before boys do. Before boys talk, they learn how to make machine-gun noises.Girls turn into women. Boys turn into bigger boys.Listening 2In order to understand this story, you have to know the nursery rhyme Hickory, Dickory, Dock. In this nursery rhyme, the words in the title have no meaning. The rhyme gone like this:Hickory, Dickory, Dock,The mouse ran up the clock.The clock struck one,The mouse ran down!Hickory, Dickory, Dock.Here is the story:One day I took my seven-year-old son with me to buy an electronic wall clock for the kitchen, and found a whole counter full of them on sale at a discount store. I had trouble deciding which clock to buy. While I held one clock in my hand and looked at another, I asked my son which one he liked best. He said, “The one you’re holding with the mouse in it, Mom.”Before I understood his words, a real, live mouse jumped out onto the counter and ran away. I screamed so loud that everyone turned to see what was wrong. I was so embarrassed. I tried to make my way quietly out of the store, but my delighted son recited Hickory, Dickory, Dock. What a naughty boy!Listening 3Men, it is said, are generally more aggressive than women and enjoy taking risks. They play fighting games and enjoy “dares”. More men than women are convicted for crimes, especiallycrimes of violence.Some say that this is simply a matter of biology; others suggest than it is a function of the way we organize the sex and gender roles in our society. In fact, many of the findings, in this area, have turned out to be unsatisfactory, and often there turns out be very small differences with a large degree of overlap.Biologically, men certainly seem to be the weaker sex. On average, men experience heart attacks 10 years earlier than women, but have a better rate of survival if they survive the first year after an attack. Symptoms also vary by sex:Women experience shortness of breath, fatigue, and chest pain; most male heart attacks come on as sudden, striking pain in the chest. In adulthood, men are more likely to be infected with viruses and have a shorter average lifespan.In recent years, a great many biological sex differences have been found throughout the body, including the brain. However, regardless of the findings that sex differences really do exist after all and despite the pressure to deny them, socially, we still expect women to behave like women and men like men.Listening 4It is my belief that gender stereotypes are very real gender characteristics that are exaggerated to the extreme ends with no gray areas. So in truth a woman is “weak” physically only because a man is in reality “stronger”. A woman is “submissive”only because a man in reality is more “aggressive”. A woman is “emotional”only because a man is “less emotional”. All these are observed facts.Are there ways to avoid the stereotyping? This is hard to do. We as males and females love to exaggerate our differences. It seems we love to do this in many ways. We love to exaggerate gender traits as if to say “Look how female I am” or “Look how male I am”. Do we go so far as to actually create differences that do not exist? Not from what I see. I think we like to exaggerate our differences because the more male we feel or the more female we feel, the more attractive we feel.So, all in all, I believe stereotypes are true differences that are exaggerated. I don’t think stereotypes should be avoided because they are real. I don’t think that we should be attribute extremes of a trait to a gender as a whole, and most certainly not limit someone’s potential abilities based on a stereotype. Stereotypes should apply in general but not to an individual. They should serve to help make judgments but not as an absolute.。

Uint3II. Basic Listening Practice5. ScriptW: Did you see the paper today There was an earthquake in Brazil.M: Yes but it only measured 3.5 on the Richter scale. I don’t think there were any casualties.Q: What is the result of the earthquake of 3.5 on the Richter scale according to the man2. ScriptW: I’d a bit worried about Suzie traveling to southern India. It’s the rainy season there and there may be landsides.M: Suzie can take care of herself she won’t go anywhere too risky. Besides you can always e-mail her if it makes you feel better.Q: What is Suzie doing3. ScriptM: Hi I thought you were on holiday in Asia Back alreadyW: we never got there Our travel agent cancelled our arrangements because the whole region is flooded. We were so disappointed we won’t get another chance to go this year.Q: What is the woman doing4. ScriptM: Our flight to Tokyo was delayed by twelve hours. Can you believe it A typhoon hit the east coast and it was chaos.W: I saw it on the news. The flooding a nd damage were terrible. I don’t thinkanyone was hurt though.Q: What is the consequence of the typhoon5. ScriptW: Did you see the program last night about volcanoes It was fascinatingM: Yes the weird thing is the molten lava looks so beautiful yet it’sso destructive. And I couldn’t believe how far the ash can travel. I’mglad we don’t have any volcanoes hereQ: What does the man think the volcano isKeys: 1.D 2.A 3. C 4.B 5.CIII. Listening InTask 1: Soft answers turn away wrath.Son: Hi mom what are we having f or dinner tonightMom: I haven’t started yet. Why have you any requiresSon: How about tsunami for a change—I don’t know what is but I heard some Japanese people using the word on the bus the other day. Sounds like a food. Maybe it’s similar to sushi.Mom: No nsense. Tsunami comes from Japanese words meaning harbor and wave. If we had a tsunami it would be the other way around young man.Son: Why What is itMom: I mean it may swallow you up. A tsunami is an enormous series of very powerful waves.Son: Could you surf on them That could be cool.Mom: They’re not cool. They are very destructive. When they pound the shore of populated areas they cause tremendous damage. They destroy everything in their path.Son: What causes themMom: I think they are caused by some sort of shock like an earthquake volcano or landside that starts a chain reaction in the ocean.Son: Do the waves get to big that they crush buildingsMom: Easily. They can be dozens of meters high. They toss cars and houses around as though they were children’s toys.Son: Can you see them comingMom: You can see them at quite a distance. But there’s not much you can do. In the open ocean they move at up to 800km per hour but when it reaches the shore the system slows down and the waves get bigger.Son: How bigMom: They can reach 30 meters. Big enough to finish you off in one gulp.11. What the son think a tsunami is12. What does Mom imply by saying “If we had a tsunami it would be the other way around”13. What does the son think surfing on tsunami waves would be like14. Which of the following is NOT mentioned as the cause of a tsunami15. How high can tsunami waves reachKeys: 1B 2.C 3.A 4.D 5.CFor Reference1. In the open ocean they move at up to 800km per hour but when it reaches the shore the system slows down and the waves get bigger.2. They can reach 30 meters. Big enough to finish you off in one gulp.Task 2: Flooding in Haiti and the Dominican RepublicScriptThe death too continues to S1 climb from last week’s flooding in Haiti andthe Dominican Republic. The U.S. Agen cy for International Development S2reports that at least1068 people are dead 1600 are S3 missing and25000 are in need of emergency food and other forms of S4assistance.In Dominican Republic 414 are dead and 274 are missing all from the townof Jimani.A keyS5 factor in the widespread destruction is the extensive deforestationand the S6presence of settlements along the floodplains of rivers.The flooding was driven by intense rainfall. A low-pressure system S7originating in Central America brought exceptionally heavy rain andthunderstorms to Haiti and the Dominican Republic from May 18 t o25. S8Rainfall exceeded 500 mm or 19.7 inches along the border areas of Haitiand the Dominican Republic during that period. At the town of JimaniDominican Republic 250mm or 10 inches of rain fell in just 24 hourscausing the Solie River to overflow its banks from May24 to 25.The heavyrainfall resulted in flash flooding and extensive debris flowed over the entireregion. Swollen rivers and debris cut off many of the roads traversing the area alongthe base of the mountains. S9 This made it difficult for humanitarian reliefworker to rescue stranded people and deliver badly. Now people want toknow: How often do floods and related landmass movement also causedlandsides in a few places. S10Analysis of the past date shows that major floods in the DominicanRepublic and Haiti are now a near-annual event. Since 1986 twelve lethalevents have occurred on the island.Task3: A BlizzardScriptA blizzard is a sever weather condition characterized by low temperaturesand strong winds greater than 15 miles per hour bearing a great amountof snow.Because the factors for classifying winter storms are complex there aremany different definitions of what a blizzard truly is. But it is generallyagreed that in order to be classified as a blizzard as opposed to merelya winter storm the weather must meet several conditions. The storm mustdecrease visibility to a quarter of a mile for three hours running. Includesnow or ice as precipitation and have wind speed of at least 32 miles perhour which means Force 7 or more on the Wind Scale.Another standard according to Environment Canada is that the winterstorm must have winds of 40 kilometers per hour or miore plenty of snowvisibility less than 1 kilometer a temperature of less than -25 degreesCelsius and all of these conditions must last for 4 hours or more beforethe storm can properly be called a blizzard.When all these conditions continue after snow has stopped falling the storm isreferred t o as a ground blizzard.An extensive form of blizzard is a whiteout when the downdrafts togetherwith snowfall become so sever that it is impossible to distinguish theground from the air. People caught in a whiteout can quickly becomedisoriented losing their sense of up and down as well as their sense ofdirection. Severe blizzard can also occur along with arctic cyclones.11. What is the passage mainly about12. Which of the following is true of a blizzard according to the first standard13. Which of the following is true of a blizzard according to the second standard14. What is a ground blizzard5. Which of the following is in the order of increasing forceKeys: 1A 2.B3. C 4.D 5.CFor ReferenceThey can quickly become disoriented losing their sense of up and downas well as their sense of direction.IV. Speaking OutMODEL 1 It was a strong earthquakeAmy: Bill it was a strong earthquake The house was shaking the window breaking Terrible.Bill: I know it was terrible. I saw your face turn whit as you ran and got under the table.Amy: I admit I panick ed. But it wasn’t an occasion for us to be careless. It’s better to be cautious. There might be aftershocks.Bill: Or an even bigger quakeAmy: To play it safe let’s turn off the gas and electricity.Bill: Right. Let’s get the emergency earthquake kit already. It’s in the kitchen. It has food flashlights and a first-aid kit.Amy: Let’s turn on the radio for news. I guess the quake measures at least 5 on the Richter Scale.Bill: Who know what might happen tomorrow next month or next year After all this city is said to be located in an earthquake zoneAmy: There hasn’t been much activity for dozens of yearsBill: But a major quake may hit at any time.Amy: I think we’d better move to an earthquake-proofhouse.Bill: Smart thinkingMODEL2 Things are a bit out of balance.ScriptJohn: The seventh straight day of rain. It’s too much. Things are a bitout of balance.Susan: Yeah too much rain here too little there. Last summer firestorms destroyed many parts of the globe.John: Firestorms are a pretty interesting phenomenon. They generate so much heat that they create their own weather. Nothing you can do about it.Susan: Once a fire developed into a firestorm there’s no stopping it. Some people think we shouldn’ttry.John: You mean just let the forests burn How can we watch people’s homes on fire with folded armsSusan: Some experts argue that forest fires are part of nature and that we shouldn’t try to interfere except of course to save homes and lives.John: It seems wrong to let all good timber burn. What a waste that wouldbeSusan: But that’s nature’s way of cleaning up the debris that collects on the forest floor and creating new kind of growth.John: Maybe so but it still seems wrong to just let fires burn.Susan: After all there have been verdant forests for millions of years with out man’s help fighting the fires.John: That may be true but I still think it’s wrong to not put out forestfiresMODEL3 This is the island that disappearedScriptSusan: Just look at that sky. Aren’t the twilight colors beautifulJohn: Um. Even heard of the famous sunsets that followed the Krakatoa volcano eruptionSusan: Do you mean the Pacific island that blew up in the eighteenhundredsJohn: Yeah. Deep red sunsets appeared on the horizon for the three years after the explosion.Susan: They were caused by the fine dust that spread through theearth’satmosphere.John: People 5000 kilometers away from Krakatoa reported hearing the enormous blast.Susan: And ashes even fell on Singapore more than 500 kilometers to thenorth.John: As I remember two thirds of the island simply disappeared blownto bits.Susan: And then giant sea waves followed killing more than 40000 people who livedthere.John: Apparently the biggest of those waves traveled 4000 kilometers in just 12hours.Susan: I don’t think there’s ever been another natur al disaster quite likeit do youJohn: A mountain called Vesuvius erupted burying the nearby town of Pompeii inashes but that was in a smaller scale.Now Your TurnTask 1SAMPLE DIALOGJosh: Maggie I’ve just read a fire destroyed much of the forest on Day Mounta in in Hong Kong the other day.Maggie: I’ve heard that too. The local government sent firefighters and even helicopters to try to put out the fire. But I think they shouldn’t have tried.Josh: You mean they should just let the forests burn How can they stand by and watch people’s homes go up in flamesMaggie: Some experts argue that forest fires are a phase in the cycle of nature and we shouldn’t interfere. Except of course to save lives.Josh: It seems wrong to allow fires to burn up good timber. What a waste that would be You see the fire-hit area extends nearly 400 square meters.Maggie: But that’s nature’s way of cleaning up the debris that collects on the forest floor and creating space for new growth.Josh: That may be true but it still seems wrong to just let fires burn. They destroyed not only timber but many rare butterflies living thereMaggie: Anyway there have been verdant forests for millions of years without man’s help in combatingfires.Josh: You may be correct but I still think it’s wrong to not put out forest fires. If too many trees are destroyed the very existence of human beings is threatenedV. Let’s TalkScriptA natural disaster is the consequence of a hazardous event occurring whenhuman activities are affected by adverse natural phenomena such as flooddrought hailstorm heat wave forest fore hurricanes or typhoonstornado tsunami landsides and mudslides or volcanic eruption. Theresulting deaths or property damages depend on the human ability to resistthe disasters.Sometimes two seemingly different disasters may berelated to each other.For example an undersea earthquake may result in a tsunami. While thereis a long dry spell in one area there may be a great flood in another.It is necessary for human beings to understand and combat naturaldisasters.A drought is a long-lasting weather pattern consisting of dry conditionswith very little or no precipitation. During this period food and watersupplies can run low and other condition such as famine can result.Drought can last for several years and are particularly damaging in areasin which the residents depend on agriculture for survival.A flood follows too much rain or water in a location and could be theresult of many different conditions. Floods can be caused by heavyrainfall from a storm including thunderstorms rapid melting of a largeamounts of snow or rivers which swell from too much precipitation upstreamcausing widespread damage to areas downstream. Another possible cause ofa flood is the bursting ofman-made dams. Description Adverse natural phenomena such as flood drought hailstorm heat Natural disaster wave forest fore hurricanes or typhoons tornado tsunami landsides and mudslides or volcanic eruption. They are related to each other. An undersea earthquake may result in aRelationship Between Two Disasters tsunami. While there is a long dry spell I none area there may be a great flood in another. During a drought food and water supplies can run low and other condition such as famine can result. Drought are particularly Drought damaging in areas in which the residents depend on agriculture for survival. Floods can be caused by long rainfall from a storm including thunderstorms rapid melting of a large amounts of snow or rivers Flood which swell from too much precipitation upstream causing widespread damage to areas down stream. Another cause of a flood is the bursting of man-made dams.VI. Further Listening and SpeakingTask1: Description of a TsunamiScriptA strange hissing noise filled the air said witnesses to the disasterand that was followed by an ear-shattering roar. Racing toward the shoreat speed of 450 kilometers per hour was a vast black wall of water morethan 20 meters high.For sunbathers on the beaches and diners at outdoor beachfront cafes therewas no escape. Along with fishing boats automobiles trams trainsearly-morning shoppers and beach bungalows they were smashed to the groundand swept as far as two kilometers inland by the force of the tsunami thatcame after a force 9 earthquake deep under the sea off the coast of Sumatra.Many local residents including numerous children rushed onto the beachto pick up fish thrown ashore by the first giant wave. Before they couldreturn to safety a second powerful wave struck and swept them to theirdeaths at sea.When the w.。

Unit 3.Inside viewConversation 11. 2-8-4-3-1-6-7-52. the true statements are:1,2,5,6 and 8Conversation 24. 1(b) 2(d) 3(a) 4(b) 5(c)5. 1.started talking about fashion2.She’s giving out free tickets3.made up your mind4.the London fashion scene5.as far as I’m concerned6.The way I see it7.that will look goode and pick up on their styel9.only for a few rich people10.if you ask me11.it’s getting lateEveryday English6. 1(a) 2(b) 3(a) 4(a)Outside view2. 1(b) 2(b) 3(c) 4(a) 5(d)3. 1 (h) 2(c) 3(g) 4(f) 5(d) 6(a) 7(e) 8(b)4. 1.Because they fitted really well2.In New Bond Street3.She thinks London has a more casual style4.Camden is known for its daring and sometimes outrageous stylesListening inPassage 13.Penny Eric1 She changes up to three times He usually stays in work clothes2 Because of what she’s doing:the school It depends on what happens:maybe change run,gym clothes,to go out in the evening shoes or change to go out somewhere3 She’s going for an interview so she wants to He wants to be fairly casual,relaxed,andlook smart comfortable4 She’s discreetly fashion conscious:She carries He’s alit tle fashion conscious:he wants to high heels in her bag and then changes into have his own bit of individualitythem5 She wears different colours according to her He dresses with a youthful thought in mind moodPassage 27. 1-6-4-5-2-38. 1(a) 2(d) 3(c) 4(b) 5(c)9. 1.they will not be following ; during similar events2.had been told by her model agency ; if she lost weight3.taking your weight in kilos ; a more accurate measurementment on or interfere in ; would use their common sense5.who are promoting size zero models ; design and promote。

Book 4 Unit 3 Part D 听力原文Section A1. M: I believe romantic love is the most important condition for marriage. Do you think so?W: I think parental approval is critical for marriage because it creates unity in a family.Q: What do we learn from the conversation?2. M: Is it possible to be married and to be free?W: If you take marriage seriously, then freedom is impossible. If you take it non-seriously, then you can be free.Q: What do we learn from the conversation?3. M: I don‟t know if you remember, b ut it was on this very day last year that we tied the knot. M: How could I ever forget？I love you more than the day we got married.Q: What‟s the special day today?4. W: What would you do if you were in a relationship with someone you didn‟t love any more? M: One word, divorce.Q: What trouble might the woman have？5. M: It‟s really hard to believe that George‟s engaged. Where did he and his fiancée meet?W: At some cocktail in San Francisco, he took to her immediately. I mean, they really hit it off. Q: What can we learn from the conversation?6. W: Eddie, you‟re going to be a father!M: That‟s wonderful news! As an expectant mother, you need to take great care of your health. Q: What is the probable relationship between the two speakers?7. M: Do you know that, a long time ago, weddings were arranged by the parents? The bride and groom only met on their wedding day.W: Really? People don‟t do that now. They believe in free love.Q: How did the bride and groom get to know each other in the past?8.M: They‟re playing the Wedding March. Y our eyes are filled with tears.W: Mary looks so beautiful in the wedding gown, and I recall the moment that I was a bride.Q: Where does the conversation happen?Conversation 1M: Hey, Mary. What are you doing?W: I‟m reading the newspaper. It says a study found changes in the way that American wives and husbands share economic responsibility for their families.M: What is the new economics of marriage in America?W: The study found a big increase in the percentage of married women who earn more money than their husbands.M: Is there any specific data given in the study?W: Y es. 22% of the wives earned more than their husbands during the most recent year of the study. Thirty-seven years ago, just 4% of wives were top earners.M: That‟s a big change. It‟s widely believed that money is number one reason for arguments between married couples.W: I think unequal incomes are no reason for tensions. It is important to look at family life as a whole.M: I agree with you. Both partners have to give their time, effort and, in many cases, income for the good of the family.W: Y ou are so right! Good marriages bring together the skills and ideas that make a family work.9. What are the man and the woman mainly talking about?10. According to the study, what is the percentage of wives who earned more than their husbands during the most recent year?11. What is the woman‟s attitude towards unequal incomes between husbands and wives?Conversation 2W: Hey, Tom. What‟s that in your arms?M: Books.W: What‟s that for?M: My teacher asked me to write an article about college students marriage. Y ou know that many college students are getting married nowadays. Could you please say something about that? I am looking for opinions about that topic.W: My pleasure. Chinese government allows on-campus students to get married before they complete their course. But I think people get married during their college life is not so good.M: Can you tell me why you are against college students marriage?W: Because for on-campus students, their main task is to learn. If they are married, their school work must be affected and they may not graduate favorably. Furthermore, to be married, they must consider many extra problems, such as time to get together, place to live, the cost of home maintenance, birth control, etc.M: I couldn‟t agree wit h you more. They are still too young to think about it. I think it is unnecessary to ban campus marriage, but it should not be advocated or encouraged.W: So, a reasonable mind is especially needed to deal with the problem.M: OK, I have written what you have said down. Thank you so much.12. What topic did the man‟s teacher ask him to write about?13. What is the woman‟s attitude towards college students‟ marriage?14. If on-campus students choose to be married, what factor do they need to take into consideration?15. What is the man‟s attitude towards campus marriage?Section BPassage 1Having been married for more than 40 years, I can attest to the truth of the followingstatement: to excel in the art of domestic argument, one must master the art of losing.Modern psychologists are taken with the “win-win” solution. But in marriage, success resides more in “lose-lose” solutions. Out of these, both parties can win. For in the love configuration, losing gives a gift that always returns.One day shortly after my wife and I were married, we set about picking new living-room wallpaper from a book of samples. My taste and hers were at odds. “I like this one,” she said. “That looks so ugly. I wouldn‟t hang that in hell if I were the devil.”As the argument wen t on, my wife suddenly slammed the book shut. “There are over two hundred samples in this book,” she declared. “I say we spend our energy finding one that suits us both, instead of bickering over the ones we don‟t like.”And that‟s how we settled it. Event ually we found a pattern we both liked. The “wallpaper book” became our symbol for settling the myriad issues that arise in marriage. “Well,” she‟d say when we couldn‟t agree on furniture or a place to vacation, “there are plenty of samples in the wallpape r book.”So remember: if you want to win arguments at home, learn to lose them.16. According to the speaker, what leads to a successful marriage?17.What was the origin of the argument one day shortly after the speaker got married?18. What was the result of the argument?Passage 2Married couples are more likely to live to an old age than their divorced, widowed or un-married counterparts, a US study claims.Research published today in the Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health shows that people that never marry are almost two-thirds more likely to suffer from premature death, with single men more adversely affected than women.By analyzing census data involving 67,000 individuals between 1989 and 1997, scientists from the University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), found that in 1989 about half of respondents were married, two-fifths had either been divorced or widowed and 20 per cent were not married.Although the researchers admit that by 1997 the greatest contributing factors tow ards mortality were old age and poor health, whether people were married or not had a significant impact on whether people were still alive, even after taking age, health and other factors into consideration.The UCLA research team say they were surprised by the fact that non-married people in good health were more likely to have died during 1989 and 1997 than less-healthy individuals.The researchers explained that the unmarried group of people were found generally to be in better physical condition than their married peers, as well as drinking less alcohol and exercising more.The authors of today‟s report suggest that marriage represents a connection with social life; while not getting married may be strongly linked to “severe isolation”.19.According a US study, which group of people are more likely to live to an old age?20. How many respondents were involved in this US study?21. What is NOT a factor contributing to mortality?22.Why were the researchers surprised by the fact that non-married people in good health were more likely to have died than less-healthy individuals?Passage 3Priscilla Nangurai retired as a teacher in 2005. Today, at the age of 62, she could be living a quiet life in retirement. Instead, she leads an organization at her home called GRACE — the Girls Rights, Attention, Care and Rescue Center. She tries to rescue Masai girls from early marriage and make sure they get an education.In the traditional culture of the Masai people, fathers often promise their young daughters in marriage to older men. Most girls are between the ages of twelve and fourteen, with some even younger.Priscilla Nangurai says the problem begins when a girl gets “booked” when she is very young, or not even born yet. “Booking is when a parent or a ma n wants to marry from a certain family. So he can go to the family, and if there are little girls there, he will book. If one of the wives is expectant, he will say, …I want something from this womb.‟ And he‟s allowed to do that. ”A fourteen-year-old girl named Roseline has been at the rescue center since 2008. At the age of four she was booked to a man who she thinks was about sixty to seventy years old.Masai culture calls for the man who wants to marry a girl to start paying the girl‟s father once the booking has been made. Traditionally the payment is made with cows, but today money can also be exchanged.Since 1986, Priscilla Nangurai has rescued more than 700 girls. She now has 15 girls at her center, and she is building a dormitory to house up to eighty girls.23.Why did Priscilla Nangurai build up GRACE instead of living a quiet life in retirement?24.What can we learn fro m the passage about “booking”?25. When should the man who wants to marry a Masai girl start paying the girl‟s father?Section C26. permanent27. cut short28. Personalities29. endure30. inevitably31. teasing32. getting defensive33. acknowledge34. satisfied with35. achievement。

新编⼤学英语视听说教程4听⼒原⽂与答案.pdf视听说4 听⼒原⽂及答案Unit 1 Leisure activitiesPart 1 listening oneEver wish you could do magic tricks, or introduce yourself as “magician” at a party? Imagine, everybody wants to have fun, but nothings’ really happening, it’s time for you to show one of your ne w tricks. Here, you can learn how, and without any need for special materials or much practice.A trick with a coin, a handkerchief and a friend:Put the coin on your palm. Cover the coin with the handkerchief. Ask several people to put their hands beneath the handkerchief and feel the coin, to make sure that it is still there. Then take the corner of the handkerchief and pull it rapidly off your hand. The coin has gone! How? You must make sure the last friend who feels the coin knows the trick and removes the coin when he seems to be just feeling it. And nobody knows where it has gone!A trick with a piece of paper and a pencil:Tell your friend that you can communicate your thoughts without speaking to other people. Write on the piece of paper the word No. Don't let your friends see what you have written. Say, "Now I will communicate this word into your minds." Pretend to concentrate. Ask them if they know what is written on the paper. They will say, "No!" And you say, "Quite correct! I wrote No on the paper!"A trick with an egg and some salt:Ask your friends to stand the egg upright on the table. They won't manage to do it. Say that you can speak to the chicken inside. Say, "Chicken! Can you hear me? Get ready to balance your egg!"When you first get the egg back from your friends, pretend to kiss the egg at the base. Make the base wet. Then put the base into salt which is in your other hand. The salt will stick to the egg. Then put the egg on the table. Twist the egg around a few times as this will arrange the grains of salt. Then it will stand up. Don't forget to thank the chicken.Questions:1.What does the magician ask people to do in the first trick2.What happens to the coin?3.How does the magician prove that he can communicate histhoughts to the audience in the second trick?4.What is the first step to make the egg stand upright?5.What else is needed to make the egg stand upright?Keys: 1. B 2. C 3. C 4. A 5. DPart 1 listening two(The following is an interview from a weekly sports program.) Presenter: Good morning, listeners. Welcome to our weekly sports programaimed at all those underactive youngsters with time on their hands!Listen to what our two guests have to say about their hobbies andhow their hobbies have made a difference to their lives. Adriennefirst, then, Jonathan.Adrienne: I collect very interesting jewelry. I tend to travel a lot as most of my family do, so whenever I have a holiday, I like to go traveling.Whenever I travel somewhere, I like to pick up something to remindme of the place that I visited. And, the easiest thing to do is to pickup a small piece of jewelry instead of getting a poster or a T-shirtthat won’t last. I like the idea of having something small and also, Ifind whenever I wear jewelry from somew here, it’s a goodconversation piece. Usually people ask you, “Where did you getthis?” I then have a story to tell, and it’s a good way to meet and talkto people. It’s just interesting. I have jewelry that I picked up when Itraveled to Thailand, when I traveled to Africa and when I traveled toEurope.Presenter: Wow! Sounds nice. You’ll have to show your collections to us. Adrienne: I’d love to.Presenter: Thank you, Adrienne. Now Jonathan.Jonathan: I prefer canoeing because you've always got the water there for support. If you're a good swimmer, have a good sense of balanceand strong arms, you'll like canoeing! The main trouble istransporting your canoe to the right places—my father takes it onthe roof of the car—or sometimes I put it on the roof of the club’sLand Rover. What it has taught me most is to be independent. It'sjust you and the canoe against the wind, the weather and the water.It gives you a lot of self-confidence and it can be really exciting aslong as you don't mind getting soaked, of course! It makes you feelclose to nature somehow. Last year, when I was qualified, I began torun my own canoeing center.Presenter: So you are making your hobby work for you.Jonathan: People are usually very skilled at their hobbies. The combination of interest and skills is a very compelling reason to choose a particularcareer.Presenter: Then, Adrienne, do you have a similar plan?Adrienne: Yes, I love making beaded jewelry. I’ve decided to get some formal training. I want to learn how to be a jewelry designer. Questions:1. Who is the target audience in the program?2. What is Adrienne’s hobby?3. What does Adrienne usually buy when she visits a place?4. How does Jonathan benefit from canoeing?5. What should be the major concern in choosing a career according to Jonathan?Keys: 1. A 2. B 3. D 4. C 5. BPart 1 listening threeGerry: I've just been to see Gone with the Wind. It was fantastic. Well worth seeing. Have you ever seen it?Judy : No, but I've read the book. I don't think I would like to see the film really. It would spoil the story for me.Gerry: Really? Oh, give me a film any day. Honestly, if I had to choose between the film of a story and the book of it, I'd go for the film. Judy : Would you?Gerry: Yes. It's much more real. You can get the atmosphere better. You know, the photography and location shots, period costumes, theright accents. Don't you think so?Judy : Not really. I much prefer to use my own imagination. I can imagine how I want it, rather than how someone makes me see it. Anyway, I think you get much more insight into the characters when you read a book. Part of a person's character is lost on film because you never know what they are thinking.Gerry: True, but I don't know. It's much easier going to the cinema. It takes less time. I can get the whole story in two hours but it might take mea week to read the book.Judy : I know, but it's so expensive to go to the cinema nowadays.Gerry: I know, but it's a social event. It's fun. You can go with your friends.When you read a book you have to do it on your own.Judy : All right. Let's agree to differ. I'll get some coffee.Keys:1.1.s poil the story 1.2. and day1.3. Honestly choose the film1.4.Atmosphere photography location period1.5.insight into the characters 1.6. social event1.7. agree to differ2.Films: get the atmosphere better---photography/locationshots/period costumes/right accenteasiertake less time: two hoursan social event: fun, go with friendsBooks: take more time: one weeknot a social event: do it on your ownbooks: use readers’ own imaginationget much more insight into the charactersfilms: spoil the storyexpensivePart 1 listening fourSally Marino gets married. After the wedding, there is a big party—a wedding reception. All the guests eat dinner. There is a band and, after dinner, everyone dances. Sally's mother and father pay for everything. At the end of the reception, Sally andher new husband cut the wedding cake and all the guests get a piece.Pete and Rose buy a new house. After moving in, they invite their friends and family to a party—a housewarming party. Everybody comes to see the new house. They look at the bedrooms, the dining room, even the garage. Pete and Rose serve drinks, sandwiches, and snacks. The party is on a Saturday afternoon.It is Christmas time. Ted and Sarah Robinson want to see many of their friends over the holiday. So they invite their friends to an open house. The hours of the party are from 2 p.m. to 8 p.m. The guests arrive and leave whenever they want. The Robinsons serve sandwiches, drinks, and snacks. Some guests stay for just 20 minutes, others stay for 3 hours. About fifty people come to the open house.Mr. and Mrs. Todd ask their neighbors to come to an evening party. They don't serve much food, just snacks—pretzels, chips, peanuts and many types of drinks. No one dances. Conversation is important with people asking questions like "What's new with you?".Keys:1.√2 √32.4.d inner band dances piece2.5.house drinks snacks2.6.Invite arrive fifty/502.7.snacks Conversation new with youPart 4 Listening 1Receptionist: Good morning. Can I help you?Cathy: Er...a friend told me that you have exercise and dance classes here.Receptionist: That's right.Cathy: OK. Can you give me some information about days and times, please?Receptionist: Yes, there are four classes a day, every day from Monday to Saturday with nothing on Sunday.Cathy: Yeah, can you tell me the open hours?Receptionist: The first one is an aerobics class from 8:30 to 9:30 in the morning. Then there's another aerobics class at lunchtime from12:30 to 1:30.Cathy: Right.Receptionist: Then in the evening from 5:30 to 6:30—another aerobics class too. And there's a jazz dance class from 6:30 to 7:30. Cathy: Right. And what level are they for? I mean, would they be OK fora beginner?Receptionist: The morning aerobics—8:30 to 9:30—is advanced. All the others are at the beginner to intermediate level. But let me giveyou a schedule.Cathy: Thanks. And how much does it cost for a class? Receptionist: You pay a ￡1 entrance fee and then the classes are ￡2.50 each and ￡3.50 for the jazz dancing. It's there on the sheet. Cathy: Oh, yes, I see.Receptionist: If you become a member, entrance is free and...Cathy: Oh, no, it's OK. I'm only in London for two weeks. Receptionist: Oh, right. That's no good then.Cathy: And I guess you have showers and everything? Receptionist: Yes, sure, and in the evenings you can use the sauna free, too. Cathy: Oh, great. So the next class is at 5:30? Well, I'll see you then. Receptionist: Fine. See you later!Questions:1. Where does the dialog most likely take place?2. How many classes are there every day except Sunday?3. At what time does the last class end?4. How much is the entrance fee?5. Which class will Cathy most probably attend?6. What can we learn about Cathy from the conversation?Keys: 1. A 2.C 3.C 4. A 5. C 6. BListening 2Woman: Why don't we go abroad for a change? I'd like to go to France, Spain, or even Italy.Man: Mm. I'm not all that keen on traveling really. I'd rather stay at home. Woman: Oh, come on, Steve. Think of the sun! Man: Yes, but think of the cost! Going abroad is very expensive. Woman: Oh, it isn't, Steve. Not these days.Man: Of course it is, Juliet. The best thing about having a holiday here in Britain is that it's cheaper. And another thing, traveling in Britainwould be easier. No boats, planes or anything.Woman: Even so, we've been to most of the interesting places in Britain already. What's the point in seeing them again? Anyway, we cantravel round Britain whenever we like. There's no point in wastingour summer holiday here.Man: Mm, I suppose you're right. Nevertheless, what I can't stand is all the bother with foreign currency, changing money and all that when wego abroad. I hate all that. And it's so confusing.Woman: Oh, don't be silly, Steve.Man: And what's more, I can't speak any of the languages—you know that.It's all right for you. You can speak some foreign languages. Woman: Exactly. You see, what I'd really like to do is practice my French and Spanish. It would help me a lot at work.Man: Mm, but that's no use to me.Woman: But just think of the new places we'd see, the people we'd meet! Man: But look, if we stayed here, we wouldn't have to plan very much. Woman: I'm sorry, Steve. No. I don't fancy another cold English summer. Questions:1. Where does the man want to spend the summer holiday?2. According to Steve, what is considered important in planning vacation?3. What does Steve find confusing about traveling abroad?4. What will help Juliet in her work?5. What does Juliet think of summer in Britain?Keys:1. C2. B3. D4. C5. BListening 3The game of football may have started in Roman times. It seems that theRomans played a game very much like our modern rugby but with a round ball.English villagers played football in the 16th century and they often had almost a hundred players on each side. It was a very common game, which was very rough and even dangerous until the early part of the 19th century. In the 18th century a Frenchman who had watched a rough game of football in a village wrote, "I could not believe that those men were playing a game. If this is what Englishmen call playing, I would not like to see them fighting!"From the mid-19th century, it was played in schools in England and soon spread all over Britain and Europe. Until in 1850, it was not possible to have football matches between one school and another, because each school had different rules! So set rules had to be made. They were not improved though until, in 1863, when those who preferred to play with hands as well as feet formed the Rugby Union while the others started the Football Association (F.A.). It was only in 1863 that the first set of rules for all football clubs was agreed upon.Nearly 150 years later, football has become by far the most popular sport in the entire world. Would that 18th century Frenchman have believed it possible?Questions:1. According to the passage, when may the game of football have first started?2. How many team members were often involved in the game when the English began to play the game?3. What did the speaker say about the earliest football game in England?4. Why was it NOT possible to have football matches between two schools until 1850?5. What happened to football in 1863?Keys:1. D2. D3. A4. C5. CListening 4In one town, there were three longtime friends, Pat, Mike and Bob. Pat and Bob were quite bright, but Mike was rather dull.One day as Pat and Mike were walking down the sidewalk together, Pat put his hand on a solid brick wall and said, "Mike, hit my hand as hard as you can." Mike struck a hard blow, but Pat pulled his hand away from the wall just before Mike's fist hit it. Of course, it hurt Mike's hand very much when he hit the wall, but Pat said, "That was a good joke on you, wasn't it?" Mike agreed, but was not too happy.The following day Mike and Bob were walking in the town square. Mike decided to play the joke on Bob. He looked around, and seeing no solid object, he placed his hand over his face and said, "Bob, hit my hand as hardas you can." Bob agreed, and as he struck a hard blow with his fist, Mike quickly pulled his hand away and was knocked to the ground, unconscious. After a few minutes Mike recovered, and saw Bob worriedly looking down at him. Mike said, "That was a good joke on you, wasn't it?"Questions:1.Who was NOT clever?2.What did Pat ask Mike to do?3.Who was hurt finally?4.On whom was Mike going to try this joke?5.Where did Mike put his hand when he asked Bob to hit him?6.What happened to Mike after Bob struck a hard blow with his fist?Keys:1.1A2. C3. A4.B5. C6. B2.√2 √5Unit 3 Gender DifferencesPart 1 listening oneThree guys are out having a relaxing day fishing. Out of the blue, they catch a mermaid who begs to be set free in return for granting each of them a wish.Now one of the guys just doesn't believe it, and says, "OK, if you can really grant wishes, then double my IQ." The mermaid says, "Done." Suddenly, the guy starts to recite flawless Shakespeare followed by a short pause and an extremely insightful analysis of it. The second guy is so amazed that he says to the mermaid, "Hey, triple my IQ." The mermaid says, "Done." The guy begins pouring out all the mathematical solutions to problems that have puzzled scientists in all fields.The last guy is so impressed by the changes in his friends that he says to the mermaid, "Quintuple my IQ." The mermaid looks at him and says, "You know, I normally don't try to change people's minds when they make a wish, but I really wish you'd reconsider."The guy says, "No, I want you to increase my IQ five times, and if you don't do it, I won't set you free." "Please," says the mermaid, "you don't know what you're asking... It'll change your entire view of the universe. Won't you ask for something else? A million dollars or anything?"But no matter what the mermaid says, the guy insists on having his IQ increased by five times its usual power. So the mermaid sighs and says, "Done." And he becomes a woman.Keys: 1. F 2. F 3. F 4. T 5. T2.1. set free in return 2.2 extremely insightful analysis2.3 pouring out, puzzled, in all fields2.4 normally, change people’s minds, reconsider 2.5 usual powerPart 1 listening two(Dr. Herring, author of a book on language and communication, is being interviewed by Bob White, a writer for an academic journal on communication.)Bob White: Good morning, Dr. Herring! We both know that many communication specialists believe that gender bias exists in language, culture and society. Do you think this is really so? Dr. Herring: Yes, I certainly do. How we talk and listen can be strongly influenced by cultural expectations, and these begin duringchildhood. Children usually play together with other childrenof the same gender, and this is where our conversational styleis learned.Bob White: Can you give some specific examples?Dr. Herring: Certainly. We find that girls use language mainly to develop closeness or intimacy as a basis for friendship. Boys, on thecontrary, use language mainly to earn status in their group.Bob White: But, in communication through electronic devices like e-mail discussion groups, there should be no gender distinction ifwriters' names are not used in the messages.Dr. Herring: One might think so, but in fact, email writing style is more comparable with spoken language, so basic language stylesare still evident.Bob White: I thought e-mail messages were gender neutral!Dr. Herring: No. While theoretical gender equality exists for the Internet, in reality women are not given equal opportunity because ofdifferent communication and language styles between thesexes.Bob White: How does that happen? Do you have any hard facts to back up this impression?Dr. Herring: Yes. I've done a research project using randomly selected e-mail messages from online discussion groups. I found thatfemales use language that is more collaborative andsupportive such as "Thanks for all your tips on...", "Goodpoint." and "Hope this helps!". Men tend to use moreaggressive or competitive language such as "Do youunderstand that?", "You should realize that...", "It is absurd tothink...".Bob White: How great are these gender differences?Dr. Herring: Males write messages using aggressive, competitive language more than twice as often as females did, while females usecollaborative and supportive language three times as often asmales did. In this study, it is clear that there is a genderdifference in e-mail messages just as in other communicationmedia.Bob White: So the "battle of the sexes" is still with us, even online. Questions:1. According to Dr. Herring, when is children’s conversational style learned?2. Which of the following is most similar to e-mail writing in style?3. Why is there still no equality on the Internet?4. What comparison did Dr. Herring make in her speech?Keys: 1. C 2. B 3. A 4. B2.1. language, culture, society, cultural expectations2.2 closeness intimacy, earn status2.3 collaborative supportive, aggressive competitivePart 1 listening threeJohn: Cathy, do you think it's appropriate for females to continuously expect guys to behave in a standard gentlemanly fashion like opening cardoors?Cathy: W ell, I think it would be nice if men could do such things.John: My side of the theory is that we all have to admit that we are living in the world of change. Right? Sometimes the equation changes if the driver is a girl and the passenger is a guy who doesn't drive. So what happens? Should the girl open the door for the guy or should the guy open the door for the girl? Maybe we should just adopt an "open your own door" policy.Cathy: Yes, I agree, John. But...sometimes it's just a matter of courtesy. It doesn't matter who opens the door for whom. Maybe females just should not expect too much. Life isn't a fairy tale after all.John: It's absolutely true. Sometimes I feel that there isn't any difference in the roles both genders can perform. Of course I'm not saying that men can give birth. Rather what I meant was except for the physical and natural differences between both sexes, there isn't much difference between them.Cathy: But honestly, although I don't expect guys to open doors for me, or to pull out a chair for me, I am usually quite impressed if they do so, asmany guys don't do it nowadays. If the guy was walking in front of meand went through the door first, I'd appreciate it if he could hold thedoor and not let it slam in my face.John: Well, if I'm the one walking in front, I will open the door and hold it for。

Uint3II. Basic Listening Practice5. ScriptW: Did you see the paper today? There was an earthquake in Brazil. M: Yes, but it only measured 3.5 on the Richter scale. I don’t think there were any casualties.Q: What is the result of the earthquake of 3.5 on the Richter scale according to the man?2. ScriptW: I’d a bit worried about Suzie traveling to southern India. It’s the rainy season there, a nd there may be landsides.M:Suzie can take care of herself; she won’t go anywhere too risky. Besides, you can always e-mail her if it makes you feel better.Q: What is Suzie doing?3. ScriptM: Hi, I thought you were on holiday in Asia! Back already?W:we never got there! Our travel agent cancelled our arrangements because the whole region is flooded. We were so disappointed; we won’t get another chance to g o this year.Q: What is the woman doing?4. ScriptM: Our flight to Tokyo was delayed by twelve hours. Can you believe it?A typhoon hit the east coast and it was chaos.W:I saw it on the news. The flooding and damage were terrible. I don’t think anyone was hurt though.Q: What is the consequence of the typhoon?5. ScriptW: Did you see the program last night about volcanoes? It was fascinating! M: Yes, the weird thing is the molten lava looks so beautiful, yet it’s so destructive. And I couldn’t believe how far the ash can travel. I’m glad we don’t have any volcanoes here!Q: What does the man think the volcano is?K eys: 1.D 2.A 3. C 4.B 5.CIII. Listening InTask 1: Soft answers turn away wrath.Son:Hi,mom, what are we having for dinner tonight?Mom: I haven’t started yet. Why, have you any requires?Son: How about tsunami for a change—I don’t know what is, but I heard some Japanese people using the word on the bus the other day. Sounds like a food. Maybe it’s similar to sushi.Mom:Nonsense. Tsunami comes from Japanese words meaning harbor and wave.If we ha d a tsunami, it would be the other way around, young man. Son: Why? W hat is it?Mom:I mean it may swallow you up. A tsunami is an enormous series of very powerful waves.Son: Could you surf on them? That could be cool.Mom: They’re not cool. They are very destructive. When they pound the shore of populated areas, they cause tremendous damage. They destroy everything in their path.Son: What causes them?Mom: I think they are caused by some sort of shock, like an earthquake, volcano, or landside that starts a chain reaction in the ocean. Son: Do the waves get to big that they crush buildings?Mom: Easily. They can be dozens of meters high. They toss cars and houses around as though they were children’s toys.Son: Can you see them coming?Mom: You can see them at quite a distance. But there’s not much you can do. In the open ocean they move at up to 800km per hour, but when it reaches the shore, the system slows down and the waves get bigger. Son: How big?Mom:They can reach 30 meters. Big enough to finish you off in one gulp.11. What the son think a tsunami is?12. What does Mom imply by saying, “If we had a tsunami, it would be the otherway around”?13. What does the son think surfing on tsunami waves would be like?14. Which of the following is NOT mentioned as the cause of a tsunami?15. How high can tsunami waves reach?Keys: 1B 2.C 3.A 4.D 5.CFor Reference1. In the open ocean they move at up to 800km per hour, but when it reachesthe shore, the system slows down and the waves get bigger.2. They can reach 30 meters. Big enough to finish you off in one gulp. Task 2: Flooding in Haiti and the Dominican Republic ScriptTh e death too continues to (S1) climb from last week’s flooding in Haiti and the Dominican Republic. The U.S. Agency for International Development (S2) reports that a t least1,068 people are dead, 1,600 are (S3) missing, and 25,000 are in need of emergency food and other forms of (S4)assistance.In Dominican Republic, 414 are dead and 274 are missing, all from the town of Jimani.A key(S5) factor in the widespread destruction is the extensive deforestation and the (S6) presence of settlements along the floodplains of rivers. The flooding was driven by intense rainfall. A low-pressure system (S7) originating in Central America brought exceptionally heavy rain and thunderstorms to Haiti and the Dominican Republic from May 18 t o25. (S8) Rainfall exceeded 500 mm (or 19.7 inches) along the border areas of Haiti and the Dominican Republic during that period. At the town of Jimani, Dominican Republic, 250mm (or 10 inches) of rain fell in just 24 hou rs, causing the Solie River to overflow its banks from May24 to 25.The heavy rainfall resulted in flash flooding and extensive debris flowed over the entire region. Swollen rivers and debris cut off many of the roads traversing the area along the base of the mountains.(S9) This made it difficult for humanitarian relief worker to rescue stranded people and deliver badly. Now people want to know: How often do floods and related landmass movement also caused landsides in a few places.(S10)Analysis of the past date shows that major floods in the Dominican Republic and Haiti are now a near-annual event. Since 1986, twelve lethal events have occurred on the island.Task3: A BlizzardScriptA blizzard is a sever weather condition characterized by low temperatures and strong winds, greater than 15 miles per hour, bearing a great amount of snow.Because the factors for classifying winter storms are complex, there are many different definitions of what a blizzard truly is. But it is generally agreed that in order to be classified as a blizzard, as opposed to merely a winter storm, the weather must meet several conditions. The storm must decrease visibility to a quarter of a mile for three hours running. I nclude snow or ice as precipitation, and have wind speed of at least 32 miles per hour, which means Force 7 or more on the Wind Scale.Another standard, according to Environment Canada, is that the winter storm must have winds of 40 kilometers per hour or mi=ore, plenty of snow, visibility less than 1 kilometer, a temperature of less than -25 degrees Celsius, and all of these conditions must last for 4 hours or more, before the storm can properly be called a blizzard.When all these conditions continue after snow has stopped falling, the storm is referred t o as a ground blizzard.An extensive form of blizzard is a whiteout, when the downdrafts, together with snowfall, become so sever that it is impossible to distinguish the ground from the air. People caught in a whiteout can quickly become disoriented, losing their sense of up and down as well as their sense of direction. Severe blizzard can also occur along with arctic cyclones.11. What is the passage mainly about?12. Which of the following is true of a blizzard according to the firststandard?13. Which of the following is true of a blizzard according to the secondstandard?14. What is a ground blizzard?5. Which of the following is in the order of increasing force?Keys: 1A 2.B3. C 4.D 5.CFor ReferenceThey can quickly become disoriented, losing their sense of up and down as well as their sense of direction.IV. Speaking OutMODEL 1 It was a strong earthquakeAmy:Bill, it was a strong earthquake! The house was shaking, the window breaking! Terrible.Bill:I know, it was terrible. I saw your face turn whit as you ran and got under the table.Amy:I admit I panicked. But it wasn’t an occasion for us to be careless.It’s better to be cautious. There might be aftershocks.Bill:Or an even bigger quake!Amy: To play it safe, let’s turn off the gas and electricity.Bill:Right. Let’s get the emergency earthquake kit already. It’s in the kitchen. It has food, flashlights, and a first-aid kit.Amy:Let’s turn on the radio for news. I guess the quake measures at least5 on the Richter Scale.Bill:Who know what might happen tomorrow, next month or next year? After all, this city is said to be located in an earthquake zoneAmy:There hasn’t been much activity for dozens of yearsBill: But a major quake may hit at any time.Amy:I think we’d better move to an earthquake-proof house.Bill:Smart thinking!MODEL2 Things are a bit out of balance.ScriptJohn:The seventh straight day of rain. It’s too much. Things are a bit out of balance.Susan:Yeah, too much rain here, too little there. Last summer firestorms destroyed many parts of the globe.John: Firestorms are a pretty interesting phenomenon. They generate so much heat that they create their own weather. Nothing you can do about it.Susan: Once a fire developed into a firestorm, there’s no stopping it.Some people think we should n’t try.John: You mean, just let the forests burn? How can we watch people’s homes on fire with folded arms?Susan: Some experts argue that forest fires are part of nature, and that we shouldn’t try to interfere, except, of course, to save homes and lives.John: It seems wrong to let all good timber burn. What a waste that would be!Susan:But that’s nature’s way of cleaning up the debris that collects on the forest floor and creating new kind of growth.John: Maybe so, but it still seems wrong to just let fires burn. Susan:After all, there have been verdant forests for millions of years without man’s help fighting the fires.John: That may be true, but I still think it’s wrong to not put out forest firesMODEL3 This is the island that disappeared ScriptSusan: Just look at that sky. Aren’t the twilight colors beautiful? John: Um. Even heard of the famous sunsets that followed the Krakatoa volcano eruption?Susan: Do you mean the Pacific island that blew up in the eighteen hundreds?John: Yeah. Deep red sunsets appeared on the horizon for the three yearsa fter the explosion.Susan: They were caused by the fine dust that spread through the earth’s atmosphere.John: People 5,000 kilometers away from Krakatoa reported hearing the enormous blast.Susan: And ashes even fell on Singapore, more than 500 kilometers to the north.John: As I remember, two thirds of the island simply disappeared, blown to bits.Susan: And then giant sea waves followed,killing more than 40,000 people who lived there.John:Apparently the biggest of those waves traveled 4,000 kilometers in just 12 hours.Susan: I don’t think there’s ever been another natural disaster quite like it, do you?John: A mountain called Vesuvius erupted, burying the nearby town of Pompeii in ashes; but that was in a smaller scale.Now Your TurnTask 1SAMPLE DIALOGJosh: Maggie, I’ve just read a fire destroyed much of the forest on Day Mountain in Hong Kong the other day.Maggie: I’ve heard that too. The local government sent firefighters and even helicopters to try to put out the fire. But I think they shouldn’thave tried.Josh: You mean, they should just let the forests burn? How can they stand by and watch people’s homes go up in flames?Maggie: Some experts argue that forest fires are a phase in the cycle of nature, and we shouldn’t interfere. Except, of course, to save lives.Josh: It seems wrong to allow fires to burn up good timber. What a waste that would be! You see,the fire-hit area extends nearly 4,00 square meters.Maggie: But that’s nature’s way of cleaning up the debris that collects on the forest floor and creating space for new growth.Josh: That may be true, but it still seems wrong to just let fires burn.They destroyed not only timber, but many rare butterflies living there Maggie:Anyway, there have been verdant forests for millions of years without man’s help in combating fires.Josh: You may be correct,but I still think it’s wrong to not put out forest fires. If too many trees are destroyed, the very existence of human beings is threatenedV. Let’s TalkScriptA natural disaster is the consequence of a hazardous event, occurring when human activities are affected by adverse natural phenomena such as flood, drought, hailstorm, heat wave, forest fore, hurricanes or typhoons, tornado, tsunami, landsides and mudslides, or volcanic eruption. The resulting deaths or property damages depend on the human ability to resist the disasters.Sometimes two seemingly different disasters may be related to each other. For example, an undersea earthquake may result in a tsunami. While there is a long dry spell in one area, there may be a great flood in another. It is necessary for human beings to understand and combat natural disasters.A drought is a long-lasting weather pattern consisting of dry conditions with very little or no precipitation. During this period, food and water supplies can run low, and other condition, such as famine, can result. Drought can last for several years and are particularly damaging in areas in which the residents depend on agriculture for survival.A flood follows too much rain or water in a location, and could be the result of many different conditions. Floods can be caused by heavy rainfall from a storm, including thunderstorms, rapid melting of a large amounts of snow, or rivers which swell from too much precipitation upstream, causing widespread damage to areas down stream. Another possible cause of a flood is the bursting of man-made dams.VI. Further Listening and SpeakingTask1: Description of a TsunamiScriptA strange hissing noise filled the air, said witnesses to the disaster, and that was followed by an ear-shattering roar. Racing toward the shore at speed of 450 kilometers per hour was a vast black wall of water more than 20 meters high.For sunbathers on the beaches and diners at outdoor beachfront cafes there was no escape. Along with fishing boats, automobiles, trams, trains, early-morning shoppers and beach bungalows they were smashed to the ground and swept as far as two kilometers inland by the force of the tsunami that came after a force 9 earthquake deep under the sea off the coast of Sumatra. Many local residents, including numerous children, rushed onto the beach to pick up fish thrown ashore by the first giant wave. Before they could return to safety, a second powerful wave struck and swept them to their deaths at sea.When the worst of the waters finally retreated back into the ocean, bodies lay everywhere, and many hung from trees. At least 140,000 people died in the flooding around the rim of the Indian Ocean and as far away as Kenya and Somalia. Still missing are more than a thousand people, among then 200 Indonesian fishmen.Hundreds of fishing village in India, Indonesia, Sri Lanka and Thailand are cut off from supplies of clean water, food and medicines. Relief efforts from across the globe are rushing towards the disaster area. Whether they will be able to prevent further deaths from disease remain to be seen.8. What happened after shoppers were smashed to the ground?9. According to the passage, what happened after the first giant wave?10. How many people are missing in the disaster?11. What may follow immediately after the disaster, according to thepassage?12. What id the passage mainly about?K eys: 1.A 2.C 3.B 4.D 5.ATask 2: Drought in South AfricaScriptSouth Africa is heading for a disaster in the new year because of a drought. The water level at some dams have dropped below 20% while the ground water table has dropped by as much s 30 metersEmergency measure have been introduced ensure that millions of people have enough water to survive. In rural areas without dams, the government has to send water by truck an d sink new, deeper wells to provide drinking water. Tanked water is provided about 3.5 million South Africans. People here normally use barely 30 liters a day, and is impossible to further limit their usage. That is why agricultural use has to be restricted.More than 100,000 farm workers might lose their jobs if it does not rain soon. Water restrictions, which have a negative influence on the agricultural sector in particular, have already been imposed in several districts. Farmers have been forced to stop irrigating their crops to ensure that enough water is available for domestic use. Maize f ar mers in the eastern parts of the country have almost no hope of planting their crop in time. They need rain within the next two weeks to be able to start planting. Where farmers did sow, the seedlings have been scorched under the sun.An estimated 40,000 head of livestock have died because of the dry spell. Thousands of stock farmers will have to slaughter their livestock on a large scale because there is no grass left.The parts suffering the most were rural areas without dams. If it does not rain, the people there will face a huge crisis.K eys: FFTFTTask3: Brave firemenScriptA fire started on some grassland near a farm in Alberta, Canada. The fire department from the nearby town was called to put the fire out. The fire proved to be more than the small town fire department could handle, so someone suggested that a rural volunteer fire company be called. Since the company was composed entirely of men over65, there was doubt that they would be of assistance. But with no other help available, the farmer called the fire company away.The volunteer fire company’s men arrived in a dilapidated old fire truck. The truck drove straight toward the fire and, instead of stopping in front of the fire, drove right onto the middle of the flames. The volunteer firemen jumped off the truck and started spraying water in all directions. Soon they ha d put out the center of the fire, breaking the blaze into two easily controllable parts. After an hour of intense fighting, they had extinguished the fire.The farmer was impressed by the brave volunteer firemen and their work. He was so grateful that his farm had been spared that he presented the volunteer company wit ha check for $10,000.A local news reporter asked the volunteer fire captain what the company planned to do with the funds. The fireman looked him right in the eye and said, “That should be obvious. The first thing we’re going to do is to get the brakes fixed on that stupid fire truck.”For Reference1. Since the company was composed entirely of men over65, there was doubtthat they would be of assistance. But the farmer called the fire company away b ecause the fire proved to be more than the small town fire department could handle, and there was no other help available.2. The truck drove straight toward the fire and, instead of stopping infront of the fire, drove right onto the middle of the flames.3. After an hour of intense fighting, they had extinguished the fire.4. He presented the volunteer company wit ha check for $10,000.The captain said, “The first thing we’re going to do is to get the brakes fixed on that stupid fire truck.”That suggests that they drove right into the middle of the flames because of useless brakes rather bravery.ChNews ReportAustralian WaterspoutScriptA big twister struck the Sydney to Hobart yacht race late on Wednesday, nearly knocking out the team highly favored to win, Nicorette. Disaster struck the Swedish maxi yacht off the east coast of Australia, tearing its mainsail and nearly carrying away skipper Ludde Ingvall. When asked about his encounter with the waterspout, Ingvall described the experience as “surreal”.Ingvall, a seasoned sailor, said that he’s seen twisters before but had always managed to avoid them. This one, however, seemed to be following them and they had no choice but to go right through the middle of it. The encounter with the twister forced Nicorette to drop into fifteenth place overnight.Crew member valiantly battled extreme weather while attempting to keep the yacht o course.Skipper Ingvall reported that the team was now in sixth place and making up ground with the use of its backup mainsail.Nicorette managed to get back on track on Thursday, closing the gap on team Illbruck of Germany, the current leader.This footage from video taken aboard the Nicorette shows the terrible conditions they experienced as they struggled to stay in the race.It took real teamwork to get the unlucky yacht back into this position. Even under these harshest of conditions, the Nicorette team managed to work together to make a miraculous recovery.But the team has a history of successful teamwork.Last year, Nicorette achieved the second-fastest line honors victory in the 57-year history of the 630 nautical mile Sydney to Hobart race. The only yacht to surpass Nicorette’s time was the 60-foot Danish Nokia, setting the record of 1day, 19 hours, 48 minutes, and 2 seconds in 1999. Earlier on Thursday, 8 of the 75 entrants dropped out of the race after a night of thunderstorm activity and winds of up to 30 knots.Team Illbruck is the overall winner so far after two legs o the race, but there is still more race to go.Boat are currently en route to Auckland, New Zealand as they begin the third leg of the around the world race.Nicorette still has a chance to finish in one of the top spots despite the incredible obstacle that almost stopped them.。

Unit 3 testNextPart I ScriptDirections: Listen to the short dialogs, and then choose the correct answers to the questions. You will hear the recording twice. After the first playing, there will be time for you to choose the correct answers. Use the second playing to check your answers.1.(Listen to the audio recording for the question.)A. 4.0.B. 4.5.C. 6.0.D. 6.5.2.(Listen to the audio recording for the question.)A. The crops were all failed in this area because of the drought.B. The area was hit by the worst drought in the last 30 years.C. The government should improve the development of the infrastructurein the area.D. The irrigation system in this area played an important role in copingwith the drought.3.(Listen to the audio recording for the question.)A. There will be a volcanic eruption on La Palma Island.B. La Palma Island will be completely submerged.C. Tidal waves will strike the coasts of two continents.D. Tidal waves will die down along the coasts of Africa and NorthAmerica.4.(Listen to the audio recording for the question.)A. The man thinks human beings can change nature.B. The woman thinks human beings can change nature.C. The man thinks human beings can do nothing in the face of naturedisaster.D. The woman thinks human beings can do nothing but minimizing lossesin the face of natural disasters.5.(Listen to the audio recording for the question.)A. The man thinks modern technology can tame nature while the woman doesnot.B. The woman thinks modern technology can tame nature while the man doesnot.C. Both the man and woman think mankind can conquer nature.D. Neither the man nor the woman thinks mankind can conquer nature.Part II ScriptDirections: Listen to the passage three times. When the passage is read for the first time, listen for the general idea. When the passage is read the second time, fill in the blanks numbered from (1) to (7) with the exact words you hear. For blanks numbered from (8) to (10), write down either the exact words you hear or the main points in your own words. When the passage is read the third time, check your answers.A few years ago, my friend and I were walkingmy home in a northernTeheran. This area is well-known becauseit is a beautiful avenue thatlocated at theThat day, the sun was(6)were walking between the two circles, it started raining very hard. We started toraining so hard that we decided to go inside a restaurant instead.(8)At first, we did not know what was going on. We went outside the restaurant to see what was happening. People seemed shocked.(9)We were scared. Cars, rocks, and people were floating on the water like little toys toward the little market at the south end of the circle. The height of the water was almost to the top of the trees.After a few minutes, the flood's flow was reduced, so we decided to leave the area before the water entered the street we were on.(10)Later, we also learned that a dam had burst during the rain.Your answer Correct answer(1) at at(2) section section(3) connects connects(4) bottom bottom(5) shining shining(6) As As(7)cross cross(8) The minutes later, as we were looking outthe window,we saw everyone was running away from soming Ten minutes later, as we were lookingout the window, we saw everyone wasrunning away from something (9) Ahuge flood was stresming down the mountain.We were standing on a higher place,so we could see everything A huge flood was streaming down the mountain. We were standing on a higher place, so we could see everything (10)It was reported that the flood destroyed a big area andapproximately 300 people were killedor disappeared that dayPart IIIScriptDirections: Listen to the following recording, and then choose the correct answers to the questions. You will hear the recording twice. After the first playing, there will be time for you to choose the correct answers. Use the second playing to check your answers.1. Why was the door to the balcony wide open?A. The weather was hot.B. It was too moist inside.C. It was too dry inside.D. The scene outside was beautiful.2. Why was the speaker unable to close the windows?A. The window was deformed.B. The wind was too strong.C. He was scared stiff by the loud thunder.D. He was frightened by the lightning.3. How did the speaker manage to close the window?A. He asked his wife to close it together.B. He used a mop to close it.C. He waited until the wind was less strong.D. He waited until the hail was over.4.What did the speaker do after seeing the lightning?A. He closed the window.B. He turned off the TV.C. He turned off the lights.D. He pulled out the electrical plugs.5.What is the sequence of the events?A. Sun—wind—thunder and lightning—sun—hail.B. Sun—hail—thunder and lightning—wind—sun.C. Sun—wind—thunder and lightning—hail—sun.D. Sun—wind—hail—thunder and lightning—sun.Part IVDirections: Choose the best answer to each of the following statements.1.Our flight to Tokyo was delayed by 12 hours. A typhoon ______ the east coastand it was chaos.A. beatB. hitC. struck atD. attacked on2.Tsunami waves can be ____________ meters high. They toss cars and housesaround as though they were children's toys.A. a dozen ofB. dozen ofC. dozensD. dozens of3.A blizzard is a severe weather condition ___________ low temperatures andstrong winds, greater than 35 miles per hour, bearing a great amount of snow.A. characterized byB. characterized withC. characteristic ofD. characteristic with4.But it is generally agreed that in order to be classified as a blizzard,___________ merely a winter storm, the weather must meet severalconditions.A. which opposed toB. which opposed withC. as opposed toD. as opposed with5.When all of these conditions continue after snow has stopped falling, thestorm ________________ a ground blizzard.A. is referred asB. is referred toC. is referred to asD. referring to as6.People _________ in a whiteout can quickly become disoriented, ________their sense of up and down as well as their sense of direction.A. catching...losingB. caught...lostC. catching...lostD. caught...losing7.The scale of the resulting deaths or property damage depends on the humanability to ________ the disasters.A. resistB. resist toC. resist againstD. resist from8.During a drought, food and water supplies can _________.A. run lowlyB. run lowC. drop lowlyD. drop low9.Thousands of stock farmers will have to slaughter their livestock ________because there is no grass left.A. on a big wayB. with a big wayC. in a large scaleD. on a large scale10.The fire department from the nearby town was called to put the fire _____.A. outB. downC. awayD. off。

Part IDirections: Listen to the short dialogs, then choose the correct answers to the questions. You will hear the recording twice. After the first playing, there will be time for you to choose the correct answers. Use the second playing to check your answers.1. (Listen to the audio recording for the question.)A. Forest fire is very bad this year.B. Forest fires will be worse next year.C. Forest fire will be brought under control next year.D. Forest fire has been brought under control.2. (Listen to the audio recording for the question.)A. The earthquake was not as strong as the Tokyo one.B. The earthquake was stronger than the Tokyo one.C. The two of them were lucky enough to live in anearthquake-proof hotel.D. The earthquake has leveled the house to the ground.3. (Listen to the audio recording for the question.)A. There will be a volcanic eruption on La Palma island.B. La Palma island will be completely submerged.C. Tidal waves will strike the coasts of two continents.D. Tidal waves will die down along the coasts of Africa andNorth America.4. (Listen to the audio recording for the question.)A. She knows a lot about floods.B. She is an earthquake expert.C. She is interested in meteorites.D. She is worried about natural disasters.5. (Listen to the audio recording for the question.)A. The man thinks modern technology can tame nature whilethe woman does not.B. The woman thinks modern technology can tame naturewhile the man does not.C. Both the man and woman think mankind can conquernature.D. Neither the man nor the woman thinks mankind canconquer nature.Part IIDirections: Listen to the passage(s) three times. When the passage is read for the first time, listen for the general idea. When the passage is read for the second time, fill in the blanks numbered from S1 to S7 with the exact words you hear. For blanks numbered from S8 to S10, write down either the exact words you hear or the main points in your own words. When the passage is read for the third time, check your answers.A few years ago, my friend and I were walking (S1)high mountain.between the two circles, it started raining very hard. We started towas raining so hard that we decided to go inside a restaurantinstead. (S8)going on. We went outside the restaurant to see what was happening. People seemed shocked.were floating on the water like little toys toward the little market at the south end of the circle. The height of the water was almost to the top of the trees.After a few m inutes, the flood’s flow was reduced, so we decided to leave the area before the water entered the street we were on.burst as the rain started.(1)(2)(3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8)ten minuteslaterTen minutes later, as we werelooking out the window, we saweveryone was running away fromsomething.(9)A huge flood was streaming downthe mountain. We were standingon a higher place, so we couldsee everything.(10)It was reported that the flooddestroyed a big area andapproximately 300 people werekilled or disappeared that day.Part IIIDirections: Listen to the following recording, then choose the correct answers to the questions. You will hear the recording twice. After the first playing, there will be time for you to choose the correct answers. Use the second playing to check your answers.1. Why was the door to the balcony wide open?A. The weather was hot.B. It was too moist inside.C. It was too dry inside.D. The scene outside was beautiful.2. Why was the man unable to shut the windows?A. The window was deformed.B. The wind was too strong.C. He was scared stiff by the loud thunder.D. He was frightened by the lightning.3. How did he manage to close the window?A. He asked his wife to close it together.B. He used a mop to close it.C. He waited until the wind was less strong.D. He waited until the hail was over.4. What did the speaker do after seeing the lightning?A. He closed the window.B. He turned off the TV.C. He turned off the lights.D. He pulled out the electrical plugs5. What is the sequence of the events?A. Sun---wind---thunder and lightning---sun---hail.B. Sun---hail---thunder and lightning---wind---sun.C. Sun---wind---thunder and lightning---hail---sun.D. Sun---wind---hail---thunder and lightning---sun.Part IVDirections: Choose the right answer.1. Our flight to Tokyo was delayed by twelve hours. A typhoon________________ the east coast, and it was chaos.B. hitC. struck atD. attacked on2. Tsunami waves can be ________________ meters high. Theytoss cars and houses around as though they were children's toys.A. a dozen ofB. dozen ofC. dozensD. dozens of3. It is reported that at least 1,068 people are dead, 1,600 are________________, and 25,000 are in need of emergency food and other forms of assistance.A. missingB. missedC. losingD. loss4. A key factor in the widespread destruction is the extensivedeforestation and the ________________ of settlementsalong the floodplains of rivers.B. presenceC. absentD. absence5. The flood ________________ for humanitarian relief workersto rescue stranded people and deliver badly needed food,medicine and supplies to residentsA. found difficultB. found it difficultC. made difficultD. made it difficult。

Unit 3 Gender DifferencesPart 1 listening oneThree Three guys guys guys are are are out out out having having having a a a relaxing relaxing relaxing day day day fishing. fishing. fishing. Out Out Out of of of the the the blue, blue, blue, they they they catch catch catch a a mermaid who begs to be set free in return for granting each of them a wish.  Now one of the guys just doesn't believe it, and says, "OK, if you can really grant wishes, then double my IQ." The mermaid says, "Done." Suddenly, the guy starts to recite recite flawless flawless flawless Shakespeare Shakespeare Shakespeare followed followed followed by by by a a a short short short pause pause pause and and and an an an extremely extremely extremely insightful insightful analysis of it. The second guy is so amazed that he says to the mermaid, "Hey, triple my IQ." The mermaid says, "Done." The guy begins pouring out all the mathematical solutions to problems that have puzzled scientists in all fields.  The last last guy guy guy is is is so so so impressed impressed impressed by by by the the the changes changes changes in in in his his his friends friends friends that that that he he he says says says to to to the the mermaid, mermaid, "Quintuple "Quintuple "Quintuple my my my IQ." IQ." IQ." The The The mermaid mermaid mermaid looks looks looks at at at him him him and and and says, says, says, "You "You "You know, know, know, I I normally don't try to change people's minds when they make a wish, but I really wish you'd reconsider."  The guy says, "No, I want you to increase my IQ five times, and if you don't do it, I won't set you free." "Please," says the mermaid, "you don't know what you're asking... It'll It'll change change change your your your entire entire entire view view view of of of the the the universe. universe. universe. Won't Won't Won't you you you ask ask ask for for for something something something else? else? else? A A million dollars or anything?"  But no matter what the mermaid says, the guy insists on having his IQ increased by by five five five times times times its its its usual usual usual power. power. power. So So So the the the mermaid mermaid mermaid sighs sighs sighs and and and says, says, says, "Done." "Done." "Done." And And And he he becomes a woman. Keys: 1. F 2. F 3. F 4. T 5. T2.1. set free in return 2.2 extremely insightful analysis2.3 pouring out, puzzled, in all fields2.4 normally, change people’s minds, reconsider 2.5 usual powerPart 1 listening two(Dr. Rosa Herring, author of a book on language and communication, is beinginterviewed by Bob White, a writer for an academic journal on communication.) Bob White: Good morning, Dr. Herring! We both know that many communication specialists specialists believe believe believe that that that gender gender gender bias bias bias exists exists exists in in in language, language, language, culture culture culture and and society. Do you think this is really so? Dr. Herring:Y es, I certainly do. How we talk and listen can be strongly influenced Yes, I certainly do. How we talk and listen can be strongly influenced by cultural expectations, and these begin during childhood. Children usually play together with other children of the same gender, and this is where our conversational style is learned. Bob White: Can you give some specific examples? Dr. Herring:Certainly. We find that girls use language mainly to develop closeness or or intimacy intimacy intimacy as as as a a a basis basis basis for for for friendship. friendship. friendship. Boys, Boys, Boys, on on on the the the contrary, contrary, contrary, use use language mainly to earn status in their group. Bob White:But, in communication through electronic devices like e-mail discussion discussion groups, groups, groups, there there there should should should be be be no no no gender gender gender distinction distinction distinction if if if writers' writers' names are not used in the messages. Dr. Herring:One might think so, but in fact, email writing style is more comparable comparable with with with spoken spoken spoken language, language, language, so so so basic basic basic language language language styles styles styles are are are still still evident. Bob White:I thought e-mail messages were gender neutral! Dr. Herring: No. While theoretical gender equality exists for the Internet, in reality women are not given equal opportunity because of different communication and language styles between the sexes. Bob White:How does that happen? Do you have any hard facts t o to to back up this back up this impression? Dr. Herring: Yes. I've I've done done done a a a research research research project project project using using using randomly randomly randomly selected selected selected e-mail e-mail messages messages from from from online online online discussion discussion discussion groups. groups. groups. I I I found found found that that that females females females use use language language that that that is is is more more more collaborative collaborative collaborative and and and supportive supportive supportive such such such as as as "Thanks "Thanks for for all all all your your your tips tips tips on...", on...", on...", "Good "Good "Good point." point." point." and and and "Hope "Hope "Hope this this this helps!". helps!". helps!". Men Men tend to use more aggressive or competitive language such as "Do you understand that?", "You should realize that...", "It is absurd to think...". Bob White:How great are these gender differences? Dr. Herring: Males Males write write messages messages messages using using using aggressive, aggressive, aggressive, competitive competitive competitive language language language more more than than twice twice twice as as as often often often as as as females females females did, did, did, while while while females females females use use use collaborative collaborative and and supportive supportive supportive language language language three three three times times times as as as often often often as as as males males males did. did. did. In In In this this study, it is clear that there is a gender difference in e-mail messages just as in other communication media. Bob White:So the "battle of the sexes" is still with us, even online. Questions:1. According to Dr. Herring, when is children’s conversational style lear ned? 2. Which of the following is most similar to e-mail writing in style? 3. Why is there still no equality on the Internet? 4. What comparison did Dr. Herring make in her speech? Keys: 1. C 2. B 3. A 4. B2.1. language, culture, society, cultural expectations 2.2 closeness intimacy, earn status2.3 collaborative supportive, aggressive competitivePart 1 listening threeJohn: John: Cathy, do you think it's appropriate for females to continuously expect guys to Cathy, do you think it's appropriate for females to continuously expect guys to behave in a standard gentlemanly fashion like opening car doors? Cathy: Cathy: Well, I think it would be nice if men could do such things. Well, I think it would be nice if men could do such things. John: John: My My side side of of of the the the theory theory theory is is is that that that we we we all all all have have have to to to admit admit admit that that that we we we are are are living living living in in in the the world of change. Right? Sometimes the equation changes if the driver is a girl and the passenger is a guy who doesn't drive. So what h appens? Should the happens? Should the girl open the door for the guy or should the guy open the door for the girl? Maybe we should just adopt an "open your own door" policy. Cathy: Cathy: Yes, Yes, I I agree, agree, agree, John. John. John. But...sometimes But...sometimes But...sometimes it's it's it's just just just a a a matter matter matter of of of courtesy. courtesy. courtesy. It It It doesn't doesn't matter who opens the door for whom. Maybe females just should not expect too much. Life isn't a fairy tale after all. John: It's absolutely true. Sometimes I feel that there isn't any difference in the roles both genders can perform. Of course I'm not saying that men can give birth. Rather Rather what what what I I I meant meant meant was was was except except except for for for the the the physical physical physical and and and natural natural natural differences differences between both sexes, there isn't much difference between them. Cathy: Cathy: But honestly, although I don't expect guys to open doors for me, or to pull out But honestly, although I don't expect guys to open doors for me, or to pull out a chair for me, I am usually quite impressed if they do so, as many guys don't do it nowadays. If the guy was walking in front of me and went through the door first, I'd appreciate it if he could hold the door and not let it slam in my face. John: Well, if I'm the one walking in front, I will open the door and hold it for the people behind me, be it a girl or a boy. I actually had the door slam right in my face a number of times though, when the person walking closely in front of me didn't hold the heavy glass door and let it swing back in my face. Of course, I tried tried to to to hold hold hold the the the door, door, door, but but but it it it was was was too too too heavy heavy heavy and and and too too too late. late. late. But But But I I I think think think it it it was was more embarrassing for him than me as everyone was looking at him, while I was rubbing my squashed nose. Cathy: Cathy: So being a gentleman does not stop at opening doors. There are many other So being a gentleman does not stop at opening doors. There are many other aspects I believe. Keys:1. T T F F T 2. D A B A BPart 1 listening fourDo you know how you learned to be a woman? Do you know how you learned to be be a a a man? man? man? What What What makes makes makes the the the difference difference difference in in in terms terms terms of of of gender gender gender and and and our our our roles roles roles in in in society? society? Even when our physical structures are revealed to be really similar, women and men "tend" to play different roles in society. In an article in the latest issue of Psychology Today , we find a study that reflects how parents of fifteen girl babies and fifteen boy babies differed in their descriptions of their babies. Despite the fact that objective data such such as as as birth birth birth length, length, length, weight, weight, weight, irritability, irritability, irritability, etc. etc. etc. did did did not not not differ, differ, differ, when when when the the the parents parents parents were were asked asked to to to describe describe describe their their their babies, babies, babies, they they they said said said that that that girl girl girl babies babies babies were were were softer, softer, softer, littler, littler, littler, more more beautiful, prettier, cuter than boy babies. Based on these facts, we could conclude that parents' attitude is influencing their children.  Our parents and later our school, television and the Internet are showing us a whole set of expected behaviors that create our patterns. Thus, a simple cartoon can suggest to children how they are supposed to act. Male cartoon characters are not only more prominent than female characters, but they also portray a broader range of masculine traits. Male characters are powerful, strong, smart and aggressive.  Of course roles have been changing over the past decades. Nowadays, women are not not necessarily necessarily necessarily expected expected expected to to to stay stay stay home home home raising raising raising their their their family family family and and and supporting supporting supporting their their husbands. In the same way, men are no longer expected to be the only breadwinners like they used to be; now women and men share these responsibilities. But traditional roles still have a big influence. Keys:1. F F T T F2.1 reflects descriptions 2.2 parents’ attitudes2.3 suggest, act 2.4 raising their family, supporting their husbands2.5 used to be, share these responsibilitiesPart 4 Listening 1 "Equal" does not always mean "the same". Men and women are created equally but boys and girls are not born the same. You throw a little girl a ball, and it will hit her in the nose. You throw a little boy a ball, and he will try to catch it. Then it will hit him in the nose.  A baby girl will pick up a stick and look in wonder at what nature has made. A baby boy will pick up a stick and turn it into a gun.  When girls play with Barbie dolls, they like to dress them up and play house with them. When boys play with Barbie dolls, they like to tear their hair off.  Boys couldn't couldn't care care care less less less if if if their their their hair hair hair is is is untidy. untidy. untidy. But But But for for for girls, girls, girls, if if if their their their hair hair hair got got got cut cut cut a a quarter-inch too short, they would rather lock themselves in their room for two weeks than be seen in public.  Baby girls find mommy's makeup and almost instinctively start painting their faces. Baby boys find mommy's makeup and almost instinctively start painting the walls. Boys grow their fingernails long because they're too lazy to cut them. Girls grow their their fingernails fingernails fingernails long long long——not not because because because they they they look look look nice nice nice——but but because because because they they they can can can dig dig dig them them into a boy's arm.  Girls are attracted to boys, even at an early age. At an early age, boys are attracted to dirt.  Most baby baby girls girls girls talk talk talk before before before boys boys boys do. do. do. Before Before Before boys boys boys talk, talk, talk, they they they learn learn learn how how how to to to make make machine-gun noises.  Girls turn into women. Boys turn into bigger boys. Keys: 1. 1 hit 1.2 try to catch 1.3 in wonder 1.4 turn…into1.5 dress, play hous e 1.6 tear…off 1.7 care less 1.8 lock, in public 1.9 painting their face 1.10 painting the walls 1.11 lazy, cut 1.12 dig…into1.13 boys 1.14 dirt 1.15 talk 1.16 make machine-gun noisesListening 2In order to understand this story, you have to know the nursery rhyme HickoryDickory Dock . . In In In this this this nursery nursery nursery rhyme, rhyme, rhyme, the the the words words words in in in the the the title title title have have have no no no meaning. meaning. meaning. The The rhyme goes like this: Hickory Dickory Dock,The mouse ran up the clock.The clock struck one,The mouse ran down! Hickory Dickory Dock.Here is the story: One day I took my seven-year-old son with me to shop for an electric wall clock for the kitchen and found a whole counter full of them on sale at a discount store. I had had trouble trouble trouble deciding deciding deciding which which which clock clock clock to to to buy. buy. buy. While While While I I I held held held one one one clock clock clock in in in my my my hand hand hand and and looked at another, I asked my son which one he liked better. “The one you’re holding with the mouse in it, Mom,” he said.Before Before I understood his I understood his w ords, words, a real, live mouse jumped out onto onto the counter the counter and ran away. I screamed so loud everyone turned to see what was wrong. I was so embarrassed. I tried to make my way quietly out of the store. Everyone was looking at me. On the way out the door, my delighted son recited Hickory Dickory Dock . What a . What a naughty boy! Questions: 1. Where did the story take place? 2. Why did the mother ask her son which clock he liked better? 3. Which clock did the boy like best? 4. Why did the mother feel embossed? 5. Why did he boy recite Hickory Dickory Dock ? ? Keys:1. B2. D3. A4. C5. DListening 3Men, Men, it it it is is is said, said, said, are are are generally generally generally more more more aggressive aggressive aggressive than than than women women women and and and enjoy enjoy enjoy taking taking taking risks. risks. They play fighting games and enjoy "dares". More men than women are convicted for crimes, especially crimes of violence.  Some say that this is simply a matter of biology; others suggest that it is a function of the way we organize the sex and gender roles in our society. In fact, many of the findings, in this area, have turned out to be unsatisfactory, and often there turns out to be very small differences with a large degree of overlap.  Biologically, men certainly seem to be the weaker sex. On average, men experience heart attacks 10 y ears earlier than women, but years earlier than women, but have a better rate of survival if they survive the first year after an attack. Symptoms also vary by sex: Women experience shortness shortness of of of breath, breath, breath, fatigue, fatigue, fatigue, and and and chest chest chest pain; pain; pain; most most most male male male heart heart heart attacks attacks attacks come come come on on on as as as a a sudden, striking pain i n in in the chest. the chest. In In adulthood, men are more likely to adulthood, men are more likely to be infected with viruses and have a shorter average lifespan.  In recent years, a great many biological sex differences have been found throughout the body, including the brain. However, regardless of the findings that sex differences really do exist after all and despite the pressure to deny them, socially, we still expect women to behave like women and men like men. Keys:1) aggressive 2) taking risks 3) crime 4) biology 5) function 6) roles 7) unsatisfactory 8) weaker 9) heart attacks 10) rate of survival 11) vary 12) be infected with 13) average lifespan 14) do exist 15) deny 16) behave Listening 4 It is is my my my belief belief belief that that that gender gender gender stereotypes stereotypes stereotypes are are are very very very real real real gender gender gender characteristics characteristics characteristics that that that are are exaggerated to the extreme ends with no gray areas. So in truth a woman is "weak" physically only because a man is in reality "stronger". A woman is "submissive" only because a man in reality is more "aggressive". A woman is "emotional" only because a man is "less emotional". All these are observed facts.  Are there there ways ways ways to to to avoid avoid avoid the the the stereotyping? stereotyping? stereotyping? This This This is is is hard hard hard to to to do. do. do. We We We as as as males males males and and females love to exaggerate our differences. It seems we love to do this in many ways. We love to e xaggerate exaggerate exaggerate gender traits gender traits as as if to if to say say "Look how female "Look how female I am" or I am" or "Look "Look how male I am". Do we go so far as to actually create differences that do not exist? Not from what I see. I think we like to exaggerate our differences because the more male we feel or the more female we feel the more attractive we feel.  So all in all I believe stereotypes are true differences that are exaggerated. I don't think stereotypes should be avoided because they are real. I do think that we should not not place place place extremes extremes extremes of of of a a a trait trait trait to to to a a a gender gender gender as as as a a a whole whole whole and and and most most most certainly certainly certainly not not not limit limit someone's someone's potential potential potential abilities abilities abilities based based based on on on a a a stereotype. stereotype. stereotype. Stereotypes Stereotypes Stereotypes should should should apply apply apply in in general but not to an individual. They should serve to help make judgment but not as an absolute. Keys:1. T F F F T T2.1 physically, in reality, aggressive2.2 avoid, differences, attractive2.3 extremes, potential abilities。

Conversation 1W: The only thing I can do at night is to lie in bed and read, preferably while also eating a snack. Inever have time for exercising.M: Don’t think it’s worth exercising only if you can run five miles or if you can bike for an hour.Even going for a 10-minute walk is worthwhile.Q: What advice does the man give to the woman?Conversation 2W: Hi, Mark, I’ve gained quite some weight recently. So, how can I eat healthily at social events?M: Well, drink a full glass of water before you go. Focus mainly on fresh fruit and vegetables orbread with whole grains. These will help you stay feeling full.Q: What can we know about the woman?Conversation 3W: I heard that in South Africa smoking is banned in all enclosed public spaces. M: Yes, that’s right. But pubs and bars with separate, enclosed smoking rooms are excluded fromthe ban, and most restaurants provide smoking sections, either indoor areas with good aircirculation or outdoor open areas.Q: What can we learn about the smoking rules in South Africa?Conversation 4M: So, your research shows that even when children are not direct targets of violence in the home,they can be harmed by witnessing its occurrence?W: Yes, that’s right. For example, they can suffer immediate and permanent physical harm.They can also experience short- and long-term emotional and behavioral problems. Q: What are the two speakers talking about?Conversation 5W: Skipping breakfast is common among people who are trying to lose weight, but it doesn’tseem to be a successful strategy.M: No, it isn’t. While any breakfast may be better than no breakfast, a healthy breakfast can besomething simple like a hard-boiled egg, a piece of 100 percent wholegrain toast along with acup of 100 percent fruit juice.Q: What is recommended for a healthy breakfast?Long conversationM: I love working out!W: Ugh! You’re sweating all over the floor …M: I just ran five miles! A friend told me about this great park on Jefferson Street.I love exploringnew parks!W: I try running at the gym three days a week, but it’s so boring looking at the TV monitor or thewall in front of me for an hour.M: You should run outside! Being in nature, enjoying the beautiful flowers and the trees, I feel mymind relax and the stress just falls away.W: It is nice outside. My mom loves t’ai chi and a nearby t’ai chi group meets every morning at 6. I’ve tried going, but it’s too early for me to get out of bed …M: T’ai chi is really good. You need some kind of exercise. It’s unhealthy for you to sit in front ofyour computer all day, every day!W: Well, I recently spend my weekends away from my computer.M: Oh really? And what have you done recently that didn’t involve a computer or TV screen?W: Pandas! I just went to the San Diego Zoo with my sister on Saturday! They have one of thebest panda exhibits in the US. The mother panda is from Wolong, China, and had had six babypandas by 2012 since arriving at the San Diego Zoo in September of 1996.M: Oh, I bet baby pandas are amazing! Hey! Maybe you should get a zoo membership and gojogging in the zoo!W: A zoo membership! Now that’s a great idea! I love the San Diego Zoo. It’s near my house, Ican get good exercise and I can watch the baby pandas grow up!Passage 1Have you ever felt you don’t have enough hours in the day? Or that you’d give anything for awhole day to catch up with yourself? Well, here are some ideas that work for me. First of all, make a to-do list every day and set clear priorities. The trick here isn’t making thelist; that’s the easy part. The trick is making the priorities. I look at my list and put a star next toanything that is really urgent. Then I put the number “2” next to anything that will just take acouple of minutes. I actually do these quick tasks before I get on with the urgent ones; it’s a bitlike clearing off the top of your desk before sitting down to write that important letter.Second, know when is the most productive time of day for you and do your work or studythen. One of the shocking discoveries I made about myself is that if I get up at 5 ., I can do aday’s work and even fit breakfast in before half past nine. Of course, if you are an early bird, it canbe difficult to accomplish tasks that involve phoning “night owls”, but that’s what email’s for!Finally, do not let your inbox run your life. I just realized recently how frequently Iinterrupted my real work to check my inbox and respond to the most trivial of emails. So, now Ionly open it when absolutely necessary and this saves me hours. If your work depends on youbeing constantly accessible by email, then you can’t do this; but be honest and ask yourself, “Am I an email addict?”With these simple, practical techniques, you will become more efficient, less stressed and beable to win some “me-time” for yourself.Short conversationsConversation 1W: So this is your last year in college. Have you ever thought about what you’d like to do aftergraduation?M: Well, I really don’t know. The job market seems to be improving, so I may look for a jobsomewhere. But I am also interested in applying for graduate school.Q: What are the two speakers talking about?Conversation 2M: Do you remember Linda we met a while ago at Susan’s birthday party?W: Linda? Do you mean the lady who you said was a nurse in the community hospital before herretirement? Yeah, I remember. She looks very young for her age.Q: What does the woman think of Linda?Conversation 3M: I wish I could retire tomorrow. Then I would not need to worry about work. W: I don’t look forward to retirement. I’m afraid of getting old – my body willslow down, andmy children will be away. I dread losing independence and living in loneliness. Q: What makes the woman afraid of getting old?Conversation 4W: I consider my early 20s to be the prime time of my life. How about you?M: I couldn’t agree with you more. That’s no doubt the golden period. You are young andenergetic. You are free to pursue your passion. The best thing is that you have a wealth ofopportunities to explore.Q: What does the man like best about being in his early 20s?Conversation 5W: Hi, John. You are taking Law 201 this semester, right? How do you like it? M: Yeah, it’s a great class. We’ve looked at several cases of age discrimination at work. Suchcases are very interesting because they are rarely clear-cut and court decisions can be rathercontroversial.Q: What does the man say about age discrimination cases?Long conversationM: Nancy, time to make a birthday wish!W: I wish ... hmm. OK! I want a high-paying job, a husband with a perfect face and body, and abig house ... with a swimming pool!M: Wow, Nancy! Those are your three wishes?W: Of course! If I have those three things, I’ll be happy!M: Now, Nancy. Let me tell you my story, and you may see things differently. W: “See things differently?” What do you mean, Uncle Charlie?M: Here is what I once experienced in life. When I married, 32 years ago, we had a happymarriage, a beautiful house, two expensive cars, and $200,000 in the bank!W: See, just like now!M: Wait! I would suggest three different wishes!W: Well ... What would you wish for? You’re older and wiser!M: What happens if you lose your job, lose your house, and your husband becomes sick?I suggestthese three wishes: patience, courage and love!W: Patience, courage and love?M: Yes! If you have patience and courage, you and your husband will have good jobs and a nicehouse. And if you have true love, you and your husband will be beautiful to each other nomatter how old you become together.W: This is good.M: Within six years of our marriage, we had three beautiful children, but we lost our jobs, ourhouse, all our money, and then I got really sick for nine years. But we didn’t lose anythingtruly valuable, because we always said: “Wherever the five of us are together, we are at home!”And, little by little things did improve, and I finally got well. Patience, courage and love!These are what make life full, strong and happy!W: Hmm, I will remember. Patience, courage and love! Thanks, Uncle Charlie!Passage 1If you think that you have to live up a remote mountain in order to live a long and healthy life,a religious community in Loma Linda, California, may prove you wrong. Its members are a groupof Christians known as the Seventh-day Adventists. The Adventists enjoy a much higher lifeexpectancy than average Californians. Adventist men can expect to live about seven years longerthan other Californian men. Adventist women are likely to live around four years longer than otherCalifornian women. The Adventists also act much younger than they are and see doctors muchless than ordinary people.So what’s the secret of the Adventists’ longevity? It is not all in their genes. Nor is their goodhealth a mere accident. The Adventists live longer partly because they have a vegetable-based diet.Around 35 percent of them are vegetarian, and around one half eat meat only rarely. Tobacco andalcohol consumptions are discouraged. So are rich or spicy foods, meat, and drinks containingcaffeine. The Adventist diet is high in fruit and vegetables. It also includes plenty of whole grains,nuts, seeds and beans, and water is the drink of choice.The longevity of the Adventists is also related to their lifestyle and natural environment. Theybelieve in having regular exercise, helping others, and maintaining strong social and familial ties.They live in a mild climate with warm summers and cool winters. Interestingly, the air quality ofLoma Linda, however, is not as good as in other longevity hot spots. This should give us all hope,as it suggests that we don’t have to have every single factor in place in order to achieve excellenthealth. Despite this, the Adventists’good health certainly provides strong evidence that diet andlifestyle choices have a great impact on health and longevity.Short conversationsConversation 1W: I really need a holiday, so I’m going camping with some friends. What are you doing over thesemester break?M: I haven’t got any plans yet. I don’t really have enough money to fly home. I suppose I couldget a part-time job and earn some money, or maybe I could start studying for next semester.Q: What is the woman going to do over the semester break?Conversation 2M: I heard that you quit your swimming lessons. But you have paid $120 for them. W: Ah, it’s all these yoga sessions. I just couldn’t fit them all in. What’s more, I got the majorityof my fees back because I quit immediately after the first day.Q: Why did the woman quit her swimming lessons?Conversation 3M: Shall we spend our weekend in Singapore? We can leave Friday afternoon so as to have dinnernext to the river and enjoy fireworks at the shore!W: I’d rather go on Saturday. My aunt will drop in on Friday evening. We haven’t seen each otherfor a couple of years.Q: Why doesn’t the woman want to leave on Friday?Conversation 4M: What do I need to bring for our camping trip to the national park?W: Well, we’ve bought the food and rented a van. It’s a camping vehicle with a fridge and cookingequipment. I think you will need a warm sweater or jacket for the evenings.Q: What does the woman suggest the man bring for the camping trip to the park? Conversation 5M: Have you confirmed your booking at the hotel in Sydney? With only three days left before ourtrip, I hope everyone is as ready as I am!W: Not yet. But I’d better call them before we start our vacation. During this time of year theyalways get quite busy.Q: What will the woman probably do before the vacation?Long conversationM: Rebecca, I just learned of an amazing park right here near our city!W: Really? Is it a nature park or an entertainment park?M: It’s a beautiful nature park, located 15 miles from our home.W: What’s it called?M: It is called Big Sky Park and has nice walking trails and camping sites!W: Bill, this is perfect! We can have a vacation and still keep saving money to visit my familysometime. But, can we get to Big Sky Park without a car?M: Yes, easily. We just take the No. 32 bus that goes right to the park. The only problem will begetting all of our camping stuff with us on the bus.W: Well, I did just buy that new cart to help carry groceries home on the bus, pluswe have yourbig backpack. Together, I think we will be fine. All of our camping equipment should easily fiton the bus.M: Good. Good! I know we can make it a really special weekend. I have longed for a time whenwe could walk alone together in the quiet beauty of nature. I’m so, so happy to have thischance to be with you at the park.W: I know me too! I know what I’ll do! I’ll pack all of our favorite food, and I’ll bake a smallchocolate cake. Your favorite! Then we can drink tea and eat the chocolate cake around acampfire. I’m so happy you found Big Sky Park. I can’t wait, just two more days for theweekend to come!M: I’m so happy as well. Big Sky Park will be wonderful. The fire, the dinner and spending timewith you make me such a happy, happy man, Rebecca!Passage 1A new museum entirely dedicated to laziness has opened in the capital city of Colombia.Butyou have to hurry if you want to see the exhibits and find out about being lazy because theexhibition lasts only for one week. The unusual show displays a whole range of things such assofas, beds and anything that makes you feel like taking a rest. There are also plenty of televisionsfor those visiting couch potatoes to watch as they move around relaxingly in the museum.It is no coincidence but rather an intentional decision for the museum to have opened rightafter the holiday season. The idea is for people to think about laziness, and perhaps change theirbehavior and lifestyle throughout the rest of the year. It offers a practical experience to make usthink about laziness in our high-speed, fast-paced societies.The museum’s founder Marcela Arrieta said she wanted people to rethink about laziness anddecide whether it really is a bad thing. She told the media that people today always think aboutlaziness as an enemy of work. For example, they may feel guilty if they sleep late, or they mayfeel they are wasting time after taking a nap or having a holiday.Ms. Arrieta may not be proposing that we should have a shorter working week, but she couldhave a point in that we do need more leisure time than our jobs allow us, and change our lifestyleto a type that is more relaxing. Besides, according to scientists, avoiding the pressure and stress ofwork can make us healthier and live longer. So, why not try out Ms. Arrieta’s advice for yourself,slow down, and think about being lazy?Short conversationsConversation 1M: I think the government could provide some money for homeless people to build their ownhomes. Homeless people would find it easier to get jobs if they had an address. W: It’s not a bad idea. But I wonder where the money will come from.Q: What does the man think the government could do?Conversation 2W: You see, some colleagues are not as active and efficient as usual and few have made anyprogress in their business recently.M: Why don’t we organize some social activities, such as a baseball match? Our colleagues canlearn to help and cooperate with one another.Q: What does the man suggest to change the situation?Conversation 3W: I need to go across town, but the traffic is so heavy at this time of day. M: When you take the subway, you don’t have to deal with traffic. I never drive home. Driving atthis time may be slower than walking.Q: What does the man suggest the woman do?Conversation 4W: Have you heard? Kate quit her job and went to Africa to work as a volunteer! M: Really? I really admire her courage. I think we should all extend an arm of help, love andcompassion to help poor people become self-reliant financially and psychologically. Q: What does the man think we all should do?Conversation 5W: You know there are many creative ways to reuse items. For example, old shoe boxes can beused for storage and plastic containers can be used for growing plants.M: I never realized that we could be so green. I just learned to recycle glass bottles. Q: What are the two speakers talking about?Long conversationW: Hey, John! Everything OK? You look upset.M: Oh, hi Kate. I was in the cafeteria eating alone. James from accounting walked by, sat down toeat at the table right next to me – didn’t say a single word to me. I wondered why.W: Is that the main thing stressing you out, John?M: No, I was silly to feel bad about that. What I am stressed about is my workload. My manager,Steven, is a great guy. He always counts on me to get the work done. But I have five meetingsthis week and two big projects to complete by next Monday. I don’t see how I can finish. I’mreally worried I’ll let my team down.W: I have some free time on Friday and over the weekend. I can help you with your extra work ifyou’d like. I know that feeling of being overwhelmed with work. It’s awful. I’d like to help.M: Really? You’d do that for me?W: Of course I will! John, a lot of us really admire your work. Some of us have asked to work onyour team. You’re a great example to us, John. You shouldn’t doubt yourself. I’m glad to helpout.M: Wow, Kate. Thanks!W: We could ... discuss it over dinner on Thursday. My treat!M: Wow. No ... I mean I get to buy dinner, Kate! How about the new restaurant on 6th Street, 365?It’s called 365 because it offers local, seasonal foods – fall, winter, spring, and summer –healthy choices with wonderful fresh fruits and vegetables. Let’s meet at 7 . W: Sounds wonderful! Thursday, 7 . at the new restaurant 365 on 6th Street. Perfect!Passage 1More than half of working Americans are dissatisfied with their jobs, according to a survey.That’s bad news for employers because workers’ discontent can hurt productivity and hinderinnovation.Lynn Franco, co-author of the report, says Americans’ job satisfaction is at its lowest level inmore than two decades: Only percent of workers say they are satisfied with their jobscompared with 61 percent in 1987.The report was produced by the Conference Board, a non-profit organization that helps businesses strengthen their performance. It is based on a survey of 5,000 US households. It showsa drop in satisfaction in many aspects of an employee’s work life, including interest in the job,dealing with co-workers and bosses, commuting and job security. As a group, neither youngpeople who are just entering the workforce nor employees who are about to retire, Franco says, arehappy with what they do.Only about 36 percent of workers under the age of 25 say they are currently satisfied withtheir jobs. And it’s not much better among baby boomers. Twenty years ago, more than 50 percentof baby boomers were satisfied. Today, that’s down to 46 percent.The most satisfied group of workers in the survey was those aged 25 to 34. Franco suggeststhat they may see some opportunities for upward mobility as baby boomers retire. The Conference Board survey also asked about the reasons behind job dissatisfaction. Thereare economic reasons such as wages, promotion policy and bonus policy that are sort of adding tothis level of dissatisfaction. In addition, workers are also dissatisfied with the benefits: vacationpolicy, family-related leave time, work schedule flexibility, and a variety of other factors as well.Short conversationsConversation 1W: I’ve read a lot about this young singer in the music press. She’s certainly creating a stir. Is shereally that good?M: She’s absolutely brilliant. Each of her performances has been a sell-out. Her mix of rap andfolk music is unique and awesome.Q: What does the man say about the singer?Conversation 2M: So here we are in Rome, Italy. In the next four days, we are going to have a fullschedule.W: I’m so excited. Rome has been my dream city. I can’t wait to see the historical buildings, visitthe art galleries and eat real Italian pizza. By the way, shall we start with the famous CapitolineMuseums tomorrow?Q: What are the two speakers mainly talking about?Conversation 3W: Besides modern opera, which you are studying now, are there any other areas of the arts youenjoy?M: All sorts. I like pop music, and I very much enjoy pencil drawing. But what interests me mostis poetry, especially American poetry in the early 20th century.Q: What’s the man’s area of study?Conversation 4M: Hi. I am calling to inquire about the exhibit of ancient Greek sculptures you are now hosting.Could you please tell me the admission fee and the opening times?W: Sure. Admission is free. The opening hours are 10 . to 4 . Mondays through Thursdays,10:30 . to 7:30 . on Fridays, and 11 . to 6 . on Saturdays and Sundays.Q: How long does the exhibit open on Saturdays?Conversation 5W: Darling, let’s check out the reviews of this movie online. If it’s good, we should watch it.M: I think we should. To watch a silent movie is certainly not something common in modern days.The actors must have superb skills to attract the audience if they do not say anything.Q: What is special about the movie?Long conversationW: This feels like a dream ... The last time I was in San Francisco was 30 years ago, when I wasyour age, 15 years old. So much has changed in the city–but you know–many of the sites arejust the same.M: Wow! San Francisco is as beautiful as a picture! I can’t believe it! Let’s get going! Let’s lookat the map and take the streetcar to the Golden Gate Bridge.W: Yes, of course. But, wait–let’s just take a moment to look at the Golden Gate Bridge fromhere–up high on the hill. See how amazing the sun looks, shining on the bridge there highabove the water? Sometimes the best way to really enjoy something is to see it from differentangles and perspectives.M: Yes! Just beautiful from here! OK! Let’s get going! Wait! You know what, Aunt Lucy, I’mreally, really hungry! May we eat before we head out to see the Golden Gate Bridge? W: Yes, of course we can. We’re already here in Chinatown and near my favorite Chinese restaurant. Even after 30 years have passed since I last visited, it’s still busy and active.M: That’s great, Aunt Lucy!W: And, it’s right here!M: Wow! This is amazing! The man inside the window is making noodles by hand–just by pullingon the flour dough. I’ve never seen anything like it before. How?W: Yes, I know. It’s amazing, right? And the food is delicious, too! Sometimes the best way toenjoy culture is to simply slow down and truly experience it. We have five full days here inSan Francisco. Let’s go slowly and enjoy every moment!Passage 1The Mona Lisa is probably the most famous painting in the world. It was created by Leonardo da Vinci, the famous Italian artist, between around 1503 and 1506. The subject is thewife of a wealthy silk merchant of Italy. The woman’s husband requested Da Vinci to portray heras a celebration of their home’s completion and the birth of their second son. What is it about thispainting that has created such a lasting impact on the artistic world?One factor is the artist himself. Leonardo da Vinci was not only an artist, but also a scientist,an architect and an engineer. His knowledge of the human form came from the study of actualhuman bodies, so he was able to draw and paint it more accurately.Another factor is the material used for the painting. The Mona Lisa is an oil painting, butunlike other paintings, which are usually created on canvas, the Mona Lisa has a wood panel asthe surface. The use of a wood panel makes it possible for the work to have survived for centuries.Lastly, the style and techniques used for the painting make the Mona Lisa a masterpiece. DaVinci presented precise details in the subject’s hands and face. He applied a shadowing techniqueat the corners of her lips and her eyes, which gives her an unbelievably lifelike appearance. Healso created a background with aerial views and a beautiful landscape. His remarkable skills leftbehind no visible brush marks at all.All these factors–Da Vinci’s talent, the medium used for the painting, the style andtechniques applied in the work–contribute to the lasting and mysterious beauty of the Mona Lisa.Short conversationsConversation 1M: There is not much worth in reading the newspapers these days. They have more pages butfewer words that really matter.W: You said it! All you find in them are advertisements and celebrity gossip. I wish they coulddirect more attention to issues that are more important to society.Q: What does the man think of today’s newspapers?Conversation 2W: Hello. Today on Business Focus I am talking about knowledge management with Mr. AdamJohnson, the Human Resources Manager of a multinational company. Mr. Johnson, how hasknowledge management changed the way your company works?M: In lots of ways. The most significant change occurs in how we manage the process of ourproject development …Q: What is the woman probably doing?Conversation 3W: Recently, reality television has swept across almost all channels: matchmaking, job hunting,and talent shows. I don’t know why people are so crazy about it!M: In my view, some people watch reality TV because it makes them feel they’re better thanothers. They may also enjoy seeing other people get embarrassed.Q: What does the man say about reality TV?Conversation 4W: I think teenagers today experience a different social reality from what we had before.M: Exactly. When we were kids, we would hang out with friends, chatting, or going to movies.That’s our experience, but what we see now is that young people are choosing to live online.Q: How do young people socialize today according to the man?Conversation 5W: Much has been said about how anti-social the Internet and mobile phones are, but I think communications technology is bringing people closer.M: Yes, I’d go along with you on that. With these modern tools, there’s a new kind of connectionbeing built within families.Q: What does the man think of modern communications technology?Long conversationW: Hey Billy! It’s 7:30 .! Turn off your TV and computer. Come down to dinner. It seems yourfather is finishing his conference call with his team in China.M: OK Mom. Coming. But why is Dad on his computer while I can’t be on mine! W: Billy, your father is working. But you are chatting with your friends about celebrities!So your father needs to be on his computer. And you don’t!M: OK. Sorry, Mom. What are we having for dinner? Pizza?W: Pizza?! I’ve made us a nice dinner of roast chicken, mushroom soup and vegetable salad. Ieven made chocolate cake for dessert – and you want pizza!M: Just kidding Mom! I love your cooking! Mmm I’m hungry, and it smells delicious! W: Billy! I told you to shut down all electronics!M: Mom! This isn’t fair. You told me to turn off my computer and my TV – you didn’t say allelectronics – and you didn’t mention my cell phone! I have to check the news! My favoritegolf player just got in trouble for drunk driving! Please Mom! I have to find out! W: You can’t go five minutes without having your eyes on a screen! Hand me your phone. Now! Iam turning it off so we can have a nice dinner.M: OK Mom. Fine! Here’s my phone.W: Now, where is your father?M: Will you make Dad do the same? We never have family dinner anymore without Dad being onelectronics!W: Hmm, you know, Billy, you have a very good point. I think it’s time we had family dinner。

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