2018考研英语语法：常见三种虚拟语气_毙考题

虚拟语气的用法归纳1、虚拟条件句的三种基本类型：与现在事实相反、与过去事实相反、与将来事实相反..条件句有真实条件句和非真实虚拟条件句两种..真实条件句所表示的假设是有可能发生的;而非真实条件句则通常表示一种假想;与事实相反或不大可能会发生：If I have time; I will go with them. 假若我有时间;我就同他们去..陈述语气If I were you; I would go with them. 假若我是你;我就同他们去..虚拟语气▲与现在事实相反若与现在事实相反;条件从句的谓语用过去式be通常用were;主句谓语用“should would; could; might+动词原形”：If I knew her number ;I could ring her up. 要是我知道她的电话号码;我就可以给她打电话了..可惜我不知道▲与过去事实相反若与过去事实相反;条件从句的谓语用过去完成时had+过去分词;主句谓语用“should would; could; might+have+过去分词”：If I’d left sooner;I’d have been on time. 要是我早点动身;我就准时到了..但我动身太迟了▲与将来事实相反若与将来事实相反;条件从句的谓语用过去式be通常用were;主句谓语用“should would; could; might+动词原形”：If I asked him;I’m sure he’d help us. 如果我向他提出要求;肯定他会帮助我们..不过我不打算这样做注：几点特别说明① 主句谓语中的should主要用于第一人称后..would; might; could的大致区别是：would表示结果;might表示可能性;could表示能力、允许或可能性..比较：If you tried again ;you would succeed. 要是你再试一试;你就会成功的..would表结果If you tried again; you might succeed. 要是你再试一试;你可能会成功的..might表可能If you tried again ;you could succeed. 要是你再试一试;你就能成功了..could表能力④ 对于与将来事实相反的情形;请注意以下几点：一是这里说的与将来事实相反;实为对将来情况的推测；二是此用法中的条件从句谓语除用过去式外;有时也用“should+动词原形”表示可能性极小;常译为“万一”或“were to+动词原形”表示与将来事实相反的假设；三是当条件从句使用“should+动词原形”这样的谓语时;主句谓语除可用“should would; could; might+动词原形”这样的虚拟语气外;也可用直陈语气或祈使语气：If it should rain tomorrow; don’t expect me. 万一明天下雨;就不要等我了..祈使语气If I should see him; I’ll tell him. 万一我见到他;我就告诉他..直陈语气2、错综时间虚拟条件句所谓错综时间虚拟条件句即条件从句与主句所指时间不一致;如从句指过去;而主句即指的是现在或将来;此时应根据具体的语境情况;结合上面提到的三种基本类型对时态作相应的调整：If it had rained last night; the ground would be wet now. 要是昨晚下过雨的话;现在地面就会是湿的..You would be much better now if you had taken my advice. 假若你当时听我的话;你现在就会好多了..3、两个常考虚拟语气句型▲句型介绍这两个句型是If it weren’t for…和If it hadn’t been for…;这是两个很常用的虚拟语气句型;也经常受到命题人的青睐;其意为“若不是有”“要不是有”..如：If it weren’t for water; no plant could grow. 要是没有水植物就无法生长..If it hadn’t been for your assistance ;we wouldn’t have succeeded.=But for your assistance ;we wouldn’t have succeeded.=Without your assistance ;we wouldn’t have succeeded.5、wish后宾语从句用虚拟语气▲用法说明动词wish后接宾语从句时;从句谓语要用虚拟语气..若要表示与现在事实相反的愿望;从句谓语用一般过去时或过去进行时；若表示与过去相反的愿望;从句谓语用过去完成时或would / could+have +过去分词；若表示将来没有把握或不太可能实现的愿望;用would could ＋动词原形..如：注：特别注意从句的时态只与从句所指的时间有关;而与wish的时态无关;比较：I wish I were rich. 要是我现在有钱就好了..I wish I had been rich. 要是那时我有钱就好了..I wished I were rich. 当时我后悔自己没有钱..I wished I had been rich. 当时我后悔自己曾经没有钱..6、if only后的句子用虚拟语气if only 与 I wish一样;也用于表示与事实相反的愿望;其后所虚拟语气的时态与 wish 后所接时态的情况相同：If only she had had more courage 她再勇敢一些就好了..If only I had listened to my parents 我要是当时听了父母的话就好了..If only she would go with me 她要是愿意和我一道去就好了注：if only 通常独立使用;没有主句..7、as if though 从句用虚拟语气▲基本用法以as if as though引导的方式状语从句或表语从句;有时用虚拟语气;若表示与现在事实相反;谓语动词用一般过去时；若表示与过去事实相反;用过去完成时；表示将来的可能性不大;用would might; could+动词原形：He acts as if he knew me. 他显得认识我似的..They treat me as though I were a stranger. 他们待我如陌生人..He talks as if he had been abroad. 他说起话来好像曾经出过国..注：两点说明1从句所表示的内容若为事实或可能为事实;也可用陈述语气：It looks as if we’ll be late. 我们似乎要迟到了..2注意It isn’t as if…的翻译：It isn’t as if he were poor. 他不像穷的样子或他又不穷..8、It’s time后的从句用虚拟语气▲基本用法从句谓语通常用过去式表示现在或将来;有时也用过去进行时或“should+动词原形”较少见;且should不能省略;其意为“早该干某事了”：It’s time we went were going; should go. 我们该走了..It’s time I was in bed. 我该上床睡了..不用were9、would rather后句子用虚拟语气在would rather; would sooner; would just as soon 后的that从句中; 句子谓语习惯上要用虚拟语气; 表示”宁愿做什么” ;具体用法为：▲一般过去时表示现在或将来的愿望I’d rather you went tomorrow now. 我宁愿你明天现在去..▲用过去完成时表过去的愿望I’d rather you hadn’t said it. 我真希望你没有这样说过..10、宾语从句用虚拟语气的10种类型▲ I wish后的宾语从句动词wish后接宾语从句时;从句谓语要用虚拟语气..若要表示与现在事实相反的愿望;从句谓语用一般过去时或过去进行时；若表示与过去相反的愿望;从句谓语用过去完成时或would / could+have +过去分词；若表示将来没有把握或不太可能实现的愿望;用would could ＋动词原形..如：I wish I could be of some use. 我希望我能有什么用处..We wish he didn’t smoke. 我们希望他不吸烟..I wish prices would come down. 我希望物价能降下来..▲表示“坚持”后的宾语从句主要是指insist的宾语从句;从句谓语由“should+动词原形”构成;其中的should在美国英语中通常可以省略..如：I insisted that he should stay. 我坚持要他留下..注：动词insist后接宾语从句时;除可用虚拟语气外;也可用陈述语气;两者的区别是：若谓语动词所表示的动作尚未发生;或尚未成为事实;则用虚拟语气；若谓语动词所表示的动作已经发生;或已经成为事实;则要用陈述语气..比较：He insisted that I had read his letter. 他坚持说我看过他的信..He insisted that I should read his letter. 他坚持要我看他的信..▲表示“命令”后的宾语从句主要是指order; command的宾语从句;从句谓语由“should+动词原形”构成;其中的should在美国英语中通常可以省略..如：He ordered that it should be sent back. 他命令把它送回去..▲表示“建议”后的宾语从句主要是指advise; suggest; propose; recommend等的宾语从句;从句谓语由“should+动词原形”构成;其中的should在美国英语中通常可以省略..如：He suggested that we should leave early. 他建议我们早点动身..注：与动词insist相似;动词suggest后接宾语从句时;除可用虚拟语气外;也可用陈述语气;两者的区别也是：若谓语动词所表示的情况尚未成为事实;则用虚拟语气;此时suggest 通常译为“建议”；若谓语动词所表示的情况为既成事实;则要用陈述语气;此时的suggest 通常译为“表明”、“认为”..比较并体会：He suggested that we should stay for dinner. 他建议我们留下吃饭..I suggested that you had a secret understanding with him. 我觉得你与他心照不宣..▲表示“要求”后的宾语从句主要是指ask; demand; require; request等后的宾语从句;从句谓语由“should+动词原形”构成;其中的should在美国英语中通常可以省略..如：I ask that he leave. 我要求他走开..He requires that I should appear. 他要求我出场..▲表示“提议”“投票”后的宾语从句主要是指move; vote等后的宾语从句;从句谓语由“should+动词原形”构成;其中的should在美国英语中通常可以省略..如：I move that we accept the proposal. 我提议通过这项提案..▲表示“敦促”后的宾语从句主要是指动词urge后的宾语从句;从句谓语由“should+动词原形”构成;其中的should 在美国英语中通常可以省略..如：He urged that they go to Europe. 他敦促他们到欧洲去..▲表示“安排”后的宾语从句主要是指动词arrange后的宾语从句;从句谓语由“should+动词原形”构成;其中的should在美国英语中通常可以省略..如：He arranged that I should go abroad. 他安排我去国外..▲表示“希望”“打算”后的宾语从句主要是指动词desire; intend后的宾语从句;从句谓语由“should+动词原形”构成;其中的should在美国英语中通常可以省略..如：She desires that he do it. 她希望他做此事..▲表示“指示”后的宾语从句主要是指动词direct后的宾语从句;从句谓语由“should+动词原形”构成;其中的should在美国英语中通常可以省略..如：The general directed that the prisoners should be set free. 将军指示释放那些俘虏..11、主语从句中的虚拟语气在It is necessary;important;strange;natural; advisable; anxious; compulsory; crucial; desirable; eager; essential; fitting; imperative绝对必要; impossible; improper; obligatory; possible; preferable; probable; recommended; urgent; vital etc. ；it is a pity；It is requested/suggested/desired/proposed等结构后的主语从句中要用虚拟语气;即Should+动词原形或只用动词原形..如：▲It’s important…类这一类型主要包括It is was important necessary; desirable; imperative; advisablethat. . .句型..如：It is impossible that he should go home. 他不可能会回家去..▲It’s a pity…类It is a pity that she should fare so badly. 她竟吃得这么差;真可怜..▲It’s desired…类这种主语从句还常用在It is was desired suggested; settled; proposed; requested; decided; etc. that...句型..如：It is requested that a vote be taken. 建议付诸表决..12、表语从句、同位语从句中的虚拟语气在advice; agreement; command; decision; decree; demand; determination; indication; insistence; order; preference; proposal; request; requirement;stipulation ;suggestion; idea;plan;order等名词后的表语从句、同位语从句中要用虚拟语气;即should+动词原形或只用动词原形..如：Our suggestion is that you shouldbe the first to go．我们的建议是你应该第一个去..13、在 lest ;for fear that 以免 ; in case 以防引导的目的状语从句中的虚拟语气在 lest ;for fear that 以免 ; in case 以防从句中用should＋动词原形; should 可以省略.She walked quietly lest she should wake up her roommates. 她走得很轻以免吵醒虚拟语气表示一种假设的情况;或一种主观的愿望;即动词所表示的动作或状态并非事实;或不可能实现..英语虚拟语气的形式有下列几种：If I were you; I would give up drinking immediately.If I were to see her tomorrow; I would tell her thetruth.If you went there next time; you would see what I mean.country.四、虚拟语气的几种特殊用法省掉if的条件从句结构：Had you asked me; I would have told you. =If you had asked me;…2.有时虚拟条件不用条件从句而用不定式、分词、介词、名词、连接词或定语从句来表示;如：A true friend would not do such a thing.=If he were a true friend; he...=If there were no water;…=If you hadn’t helped me;…3. 有时条件从句中的动作和结果从句中的动作发生的时间不一致;如：If he had followed the doctor’s advice; he would be quite all right now.If I were you; I would have gone home.五、虚拟语气的其他用法He suggested that they should stop smoking.上述动词的名词形式出现时;that 引导的从句仍用虚拟语气..He made a request that they should stop smoking.如果that 引导的从句所表达的内容是事实;也可用陈述语气..He insists that he is right.It is right that you should have done your homework.I wish I had never stopped teaching. =I am sorry I stopped teaching.I wish they’d let us get some sleep.注意：wish与hope接宾语从句的区别在于：hope表示一般可以实现的希望;宾语从句用陈述语气..wish表示很难或不大可能实现的希望;宾语从句用虚拟语气..试比较：1 We hope they will come;We don’t know if they can come.2 We wish they could come;We know they are not coming.4、as if; as though; wouldhad ratherthat引导的从句须用虚拟语气;如：He acts as if nothing had happened.I would rather you didn’t tell him.5、It’s high time that…+动词过去式或should+动词原形;如：It’s time that you had a hair cut.It’s high time that we took some action.。

2019考研英语语法解析：虚拟语气（3）_毙考题2019考研英语语法解析：虚拟语气（3）三、混合虚拟语气有时主句和从句的谓语动词指不同的时间，这时需要用混合虚拟语气。

一般来说，在这种情况下，主从句谓语动词指代的时间不同，所以我们又可以错综时间条件句，在这种虚拟情况，动词形式应根据实际情况灵活使用，在做这些题目时候尤其要注意每道题目的提示语：时间状语。

绝大多数情况下，从句或者主句都有相关的时间状语，这是我解题的关键。

If you that late movie last night, you wouldn t be so sleepy.A. haven t watchedB. didn t watchC. hadn t watchedD. wouldn t have watched 答案选C。

Many dead would now be alive if they have not attempted to return for something.Had Paul received six more votes in the last election, he would be our chairman now.混合虚拟语气还有一种情况就是事实和虚拟假设的混合句，这样的句子不仅仅是时间的不同，而重要是事实和假设的混合。

I would have gone to visit him in the hospital had it been at all possible, but I was fully occupied the whole of last week.该句前半部分是假设虚拟，而后半部分是事实的陈述。

Your math instructor would have been happy to give you a make-up examination had you gone and explained that your parents were ill at the time.该句前半句用的是假设虚拟，后半句主句也用的是假设虚拟(如果你去并且解释的话)，但是后半句的从句用的是事实语气，因为父母病了是客观事实，故不需要用虚拟形式had been。

虚拟语气的三种时态表格虚拟语气是用来表达虚拟情况或假设情况的语法形式。

它可以用来表示不可能实现的愿望、非真实的条件、推测和建议等。

虚拟语气的时态包括过去虚拟、现在虚拟和将来虚拟。

在本文中，我们将讨论虚拟语气的三种时态，并举例说明其用法和结构。

1.过去虚拟时过去虚拟时用来表示假设的过去情况，通常与条件从句中的过去完成时连用。

如果条件从句中的动词是过去完成时，主句中的谓语动词则用过去完成时的形式。

例如：- If I had studied harder, I would have passed the exam.如果我学习更努力，我就能通过考试了。

在这个例句中，条件从句中的谓语动词had studied是过去完成时，所以在主句中使用了would have passed，表示了假设的过去情况。

过去虚拟时也可以用来表示对过去情况的虚拟愿望。

例如：- I wish I had gone to the concert with you last night.我希望昨晚我能和你一起去听音乐会。

在这个例句中，使用了过去虚拟时来表达对已经发生的情况的虚拟愿望。

2.现在虚拟时现在虚拟时用来表示对现在情况的虚拟假设，通常与条件从句中的过去时连用。

如果条件从句中的谓语动词是过去时，主句中的谓语动词则用现在虚拟时的形式。

例如：- If I were you, I would buy that car.如果我是你，我会买那辆车。

在这个例句中，条件从句中的谓语动词were是过去时，所以在主句中使用了would buy，表示了对现在情况的虚拟假设。

现在虚拟时也可以用来表示对现在情况的虚拟愿望。

例如：- I wish my boss were more understanding.我希望我的老板能更理解人。

在这个例句中，使用了现在虚拟时来表达对现在情况的虚拟愿望。

3.将来虚拟时将来虚拟时用来表示对将来情况的虚拟假设，通常与条件从句中的过去将来时连用。

虚拟语气虚拟语气是语言使用中出现的频率比较高的一种语言现象。

同时在各种英语考试中是必考的内容之一。

掌握虚拟语气的关键是要把握它的普通形式的表达和一些特殊形式的表达。

下面以三个经典考题来给予说明。

经典考题1. If the whole operation beforehand, a great deal of time and money would have been lost.A) was not planned B) has not been plannedC) had not been planned D) were not planned2. “You are very selfish. It’s high time you that you are not the most important person in the world,”Tom said to his boss angrily.A) have realized B) should realize C) realize D) realized3. It is essential that these application forms back as early as possible.A) must be sent B) will be sent C) are sent D) be sent考点分析1)普通型虚拟语气即以if引导的主从复合句中的虚拟语气，是虚拟语气谓语动词形式基础，包括与现在事实相反的谓语动词形式，与将来事实相反的谓语动词形式和与过去事实相反的谓语动词形式三种，此三种形式需死记。

从句主句与现在事实相反过去式(be常用were)would/ should/ could/might+动词原形与将来事实相反Should/ wereto+动词原形would/ should/ could/might+动词原形与过去事实相反had+过去分词Would/ should/ could/ mighthave+过去分词解题要诀：切记三种时间的谓语动词形式，特别是与过去事实相反的一类。

虚拟语气一、虚拟条件句条件句分两种：一种是真实条件句，一种是虚拟条件句。

虚拟条件句，即指在一个虚拟假想的条件下来描述说话人想象的、非真实的情景，这些情景是不可能发生的，与客观事实相反。

在这种条件句中，从句和主句都要用虚拟语气。

虚拟条件句一般用if，unless (if not)，If I had enough money, I would go to the zoo with you.If I had had enough money, I would have gone to the zoo with you.If I should have enough money, I would go to the zoo with you.If you were to examine the birth certificates of every soccer player in 2006’s World Cup Tournament, you would most likely find a noteworthy quirk: elite soccer players are most likely to have been born in the earlier months of the year than in the later months.If railroads charged all customers the same average rate, they argue, shippers who have the option of switching to trucks or other forms of transportation would do so, leaving remaining customers to shoulder the cost of keeping the line.on my mother’s going to Florida, she would be alive today.”三、would rather引导的宾语从句的虚拟用法would rather意为“宁愿、宁可”，其后的宾语从句用虚拟语气。

2018考研英语：虚拟语气在考研英语中的运用考研英语中，虚拟语气是一个考点。

虚拟语气用来表示假想，而不表示客观存在的事实，所说的是一个条件，不一定是事实，或与事实相反。

虚拟语气通过谓语动词的特殊形式来表示。

英语中的语气分为陈述语气、祈使语气、虚拟语气三类。

虚拟语气表示说话者做出的假设并非事实，或难以实现的，甚至表达相反的概念。

另外表示主观愿望或表达某种强烈的感情时，也用虚拟语气。

以下是2018考研英语复习中虚拟语气在考研英语中的运用：考研英语中虚拟语气的三种用法一、虚拟语气在状语从句中的运用虚拟语气在状语从句中的运用除了可以表示条件外，还可以表示比较、结果、目的等。

虚拟语气用于表示条件的状语从句中，一般称为虚拟条件句。

根据时间的不同，虚拟条件句中谓语动词时态的变化可能有三种形式，即现在、过去和将来。

二、虚拟语气在主语从句中的运用当it作形式主语，后面用形容词作表语，即在it is + adj.这样的句型中，当描述主语的表语形容词是advisable，critical，crucial，desirable，essential，imperative，important，等形容词时，主语从句的谓语动词多用虚拟语气，如果是现在时，谓语动词用should/would +动词原形(should/would经常省略);如果是过去时，则用should/would + have done的形式。

三、虚拟语气在宾语从句中的运用表示“建议、请求、命令、要求”等主观意向的词(如：suggest、advise、assume、decide、demand、desire、insist、propose、order、recommend、require、suggest ……)，引导宾语从句时需用虚拟语气。

虚拟语气中的格式很固定：谓语动词用should+动词原形，should可以省略。

四、虚拟语气在同位语从句中的运用名词advice、assumption、decision、demand、desire、insistence、order、proposal、requirement、recommendation、suggestion……后面若有同位语从句，从句的谓语动词也应使用虚拟语气的形式。

英语语法精讲精练——虚拟语气虚拟语气表示说话人的主观愿望、猜测建议或与事实不符的假设。

虚拟语气可分为三种：（1）一般虚拟（2）混合虚拟（3）特殊句式一．一般虚拟的构成：(省略if, 要将should/were/had 提到句首)(1). 对现在的虚拟：If +S.+ did/were sth, S.+ would/could/should +doIf I had time, I would attend the meeting.If I were you, I would seize the chance to go abroad.(2) 对过去的虚拟：If +S.+had + done sth, S.+ would/could/should have + done sthIf you had taken my advice, you would not have failed in the exam.(3) 对将来的虚拟: If + S. + did/were/should do/were to do, S + would/should/could do sth.If you came tomorrow, we would have the meeting.If it were to rain tomorrow, the sports meeting would be put off.If he should not come tomorrow, we should put off the meeting till next day.注意：Had we made good preparations, we might have succeeded.Had it not rained, we would have gone out for a walk.Were I you, I would not do such a thing.二．混合虚拟：（1）不同时间的虚拟：If he had listened to me, he would not be in trouble now.If he had told me yesterday, I should know what to do now.(2) 虚拟与陈述的混合：He could have passed the exam, but he wasn’t careful enough.You should have come earlier, the bus left a moment ago.三．特殊句式：一坚持：insist二命令：三建议：suggest, advise, recommend,四要求：request, require, demand, desire(1) He suggested that we (should) save money for the future.(2) It is suggested/advised/ordered/requested/required that –clause(should do/do)(主语从句)(3) My advice/suggestion/request/requirement is that-clause (should do /do) （表语从句）His suggestion/advice/request/requirement that –clause(should do/do ) is.. （同位语从句）四．形容词用法It is natural/necessary/strange that sb (should )do sth 表惊奇、怀疑、惋惜、不满、理应如此等。

高中英语虚拟语气讲解及练习虚拟条件句就是对现实条件的一种虚拟假设，所假设的条件一般不符合事实或与事实相反或在现实中发生的可能性极小。

根据时间的不同，虚拟条件句可分为三种，即与现在事实相反的虚拟条件句、与过去事实相反的虚拟条件句（1）表示与现在事实相反If I had enough money now, I would lend it to you.（2）表示与过去事实相反If he had taken your advice, he wouldn’t have made such a bad mistake.（3）表示与将来事实相反I would go shopping with you if it were to be Sunday tomorrow.1. 虚拟条件句的倒装在虚拟条件句中，为了强调所假设条件的虚拟性，或突出说话人的一种主观愿望，虚拟条件句可用倒装结构。

虚拟条件句的倒装是通过去掉if，把条件从句谓语中的助动词、情态动词或系动词放在句首实现的。

例如：Had I been（= If I had been ） in that situation， I would not have let the thief escape away with so much money.Should there be （= If there should be） a drought， what should we do at that time ？2. 错综时间条件句有时条件从句的动作和主句的动作发生的时间并不一致，这时谓语动词的形式应根据它所要表示的具体时间来确定。

例如：If we hadn’t been working hard in the past few years ，thing s wouldn’t be going so smoothly.3. 含蓄条件句有时假设的情况并不以条件从句的形式表现出来，而是通过某个介词或介词短语（如：with，otherwise，without，but for，in that position）、上下文或其它方式表现出来。

虚拟语气虚拟语气(Subjunctive Mood)这一语法项目是各类英语考试中心测试的重点之一。

虚拟语气是一种特殊的动词形式，用来表示说话人所说的话并不是事实，而是一种假设、愿望、怀疑或推测。

Ⅰ用以表示虚拟条件的虚拟语气虚拟条件句的三种基本类型:1.与现在事实相反。

若与现在事实相反，条件从句的谓语用过去式(be通常用were)，主句谓语用“should (would, could, might)+动词原形”：If you took a taxi，you’d get there quicker. 如果你坐出租车去，你可以快一点到那里。

(但你不坐)If I knew her number I could ring her up. 要是我知道她的电话号码，我就可以给她打电话了。

(可惜我不知道)2.与过去事实相反。

若与过去事实相反，条件从句的谓语用过去完成时(had+过去分词)，主句谓语用“should (would, could, might)+have+过去分词”：If I’d left sooner，I’d have been on time.要是我早点动身，我就准时到了。

(但我动身太迟了)If we had found him earlier we could have saved his life. 要是我们当时早点找到他的话，我们就可以救活他。

(可惜我们找到他太晚了)3.与将来事实相反。

若与将来事实相反，条件从句的谓语用过去式(be通常用were)，主句谓语用“should (would, could, might)+动词原形”：If he went，would you go too? 如果他去，你也去吗?(大概他不会去)If I asked him，I’m sure he’d help us. 如果我向他提出要求，肯定他会帮助我们。

(不过我不打算这样做)大多数的虚拟条件句属于上面三种情况的一种，但并不排除存在条件和后果中，一个和现在情况相反，另一个和过去情况相反，例如：If you had followed what the doctor said, you would not have been so painful now.这个句子在高中出现频率颇高。

考研英语语法考点：虚拟语气考研英语语法考点：虚拟语气【考点概述】虚拟语气有不同的体现形式，在考研英语中多个题型中都有体现，既是考研英语学习的难点，也是考生易失分处。

在考研英语中命题频率最高的是if虚拟条件句，考生需要掌握其形式及其反映的意义。

此外，还有if虚拟条件句的省略倒装句式，以及暗含条件的虚拟语气也是考生学习重点。

对其他类型的虚拟语气也要有所了解。

对于常见的特殊虚拟语气可以当作固定句式准确记忆。

【要点精析】虚拟语气主要是表示动作或状态不是客观存在的事实，而是说话人的主观愿望、假设或推测等。

虚拟语气，作为动词的一种表现形式，主要是通过动词的不同时态来体现。

主要有以下几种：一、If引导的虚拟条件句既可以是真实条件状语从句，也可以是非真实条件状语从句。

1、表示对现在事实的假设条件状语从句谓语用过去时，如是谓语动词为be动词时只能用were，主句谓语用should/would/could/might+动词原形。

例：If I were a bird, I could fly out of the world. 如果我是一只鸟，我会飞离这个世界。

2、表示对过去事实的假设条件状语从句谓语用过去完成时，主句谓语用should/would/could/might+ have+过去分词的形式。

例：If you had not hurried, you would have missed the train.如果你没抓紧的话，早就错过了这班车了。

3、表示对将来事实的假设条件状语从句谓语用过去时，主句谓语用should/would/could/might+ 动词原形的形式。

例：If I should win the lottery, I would buy a car. 如果我中彩票了，会买一辆车。

4、省略if的倒装句虚拟条件句的从句部分如果含were，should或had, 可将if省略，再把were，should或had移到从句句首，构成倒装。

人教版英语英语虚拟语气考点+例题_全面解析一、初中英语虚拟语气1． If I _______ you , I _______ do that .A．was , would B．were ; wouldn’tC．am , won’t D．were , won’t【答案】D【解析】试题分析：句意：如果我是你，我不会那样做。

本句是与现在事实相反的虚拟条件句，从句谓语用动词用过去式（be动词一般用were）；主句用should（would,could,might）+ 动词原形。

故选D。

考点：虚拟条件句。

2． If I ＿＿you . I＿＿study harder.A．am , will B．was, would C．were, would D．were, will【答案】C【解析】试题分析：句意：如果我是你，我会更努力学习。

这个句子要用虚拟语气，表示与事实相反。

所以用过去式were, would,故选C。

考点：考查虚拟语气。

3．— What would you do if you _______ a million dollars?— I would give it to charity.A．have B．had C．will have D．would have【答案】B【解析】试题分析：句意:-如果你有一百万美元你会做什么？-我会把它捐给慈善事业。

have 有；had 过去式；will have 一般将来时；would have 过去将来时。

根据句意可知，这里表示的是一个假设的问题，在if引导的条件状语从句中应该用虚拟语气，动词用过去式，故选B。

考点：考查虚拟语气。

4．If I _____ you, I _____ late for school this morning.A．were, wouldn’t be B．were, wouldn’t C．was, won’t be D．am, will【答案】A【解析】试题分析；句意：如果我是你，今天早晨我上学就不会迟到。

考研英语语法精要 - 虚拟语气虚拟语气是指虚假的语气，即表示与事实不符的语气。

在英语语法中，虚拟语气主要用来表达假设、愿望、建议、命令等，常见的形式有虚拟语气的三种类型：虚拟语气的假设语气，虚拟语气的愿望语气和虚拟语气的命令语气。

一、虚拟语气的假设语气虚拟语气的假设语气是表示假设、条件条款、建议、命令、愿望等语气。

常用的语气形式有五种：1. 第一种形式：虚拟语气的过去时虚拟语气的过去时的形式是：would/could/might + 规范动词的原形。

举个例子：•If I had time, I would go to the cinema with you. (如果我有时间，我愿意和你一起去电影院。

)这个句子中，虚拟语气的过去时“would” 表示假设，表示“如果”这个条件不成立，结果也就不成立了。

因此，这句话实际上是在暗示“我来不了”，而不是在真正意义上说“我想要去”。

2. 第二种形式：虚拟语气的过去完成时虚拟语气的过去完成时的形式是：would/could/might + have + 规范动词的三态。

举个例子：•If he had studied hard, he could have passed the exam. (如果他用心学习，他本来可以通过考试。

)这个句子中，“could have” 表示假设，表示在过去某个时间发生了某种事情，但是某种条件不成立，结果也就不成立了。

3. 第三种形式：虚拟语气的过去将来时虚拟语气的过去将来时的形式是：would/could/might + have + 过去时的完成形式。

举个例子：•She said that if I went to her party, she would have liked it. (她说如果我去了她的派对，她会很高兴。

)这个句子中，“would have liked” 表示假设，即在过去某个时间要发生某个事情，但是某些条件不成立，结果也就不成立了。

2018考研英语长难句解析：每日一句(19)2007年真题Section ⅡReading Comprehension Part A Text 1 第1段第1句If you were to examine the birth certificates of every soccer player in2006’s World Cup tournament, you would most likely find a noteworthy quirk:elite soccer players are more likely to have been born in the earlier months ofthe year than in the later months.译文：如果你去查查2006年世界杯足球锦标赛上每位参赛运动员的出生证，很可能会发现一个值得注意的怪现象：优秀的足球运动员更有可能出生于一年的前几个月而不是后几个月。

分析：本句使用了虚拟语气。

句首是由if引导的条件状语从句;本句的主干为you would…find a notewo rthyquirk…，冒号之后的内容elite soccer players…in the later months是句子宾语a noteworthyquirk的同位语从句，对其进行解释说明。

词汇指南birth[bə:θ](n.)出生,诞生;血统,出身(中考词汇)(2003年-阅读1、2008年-阅读1)(该词属于bear的名词形式;其中，bir=bear-出生、生育，th-名词后缀→ 出生,诞生——引申为血统、出身)考点搭配：give birth to 诞生(2003年-阅读1、2008年-阅读1)tournament [ tuənəmənt](n.)比赛,锦标赛(CET-6、考研词汇)(2007年-阅读1)(tourn =turn-转，a-连字符，ment-名词后缀→ 在赛场上一圈一圈地转着跑——即比赛,锦标赛。

高考英语语法：虚拟语气一.概念 : 动词虚拟语气表示说话人的愿望, 假设 , 猜测 , 建议 , 请求 , 意图 , 设想等未能或不可能成为事实的情况 , 或者在说话人看来实现可能性很小的情况, 而不表示客观存在的现实二.虚拟语气的表现形式 : 通过句中谓语动词的特殊形式来表现 . 这些特殊形式与谓语动词的某些时态相同 , 但它们只表示语气 , 而不表示时态 , 但含有一定的时间概念虚拟语气的用法一.虚拟语气在简单句中的用法: 谓语动词用原形或may + 动词原形1.表示祝愿a. Long live our country.b. May you succeed.c. May you be happy all your life.2.表示命令a. Everybody leave the room.二.虚拟语气在非真实条件句中的用法: (使用虚拟语气的含条件句的复合句称为真实条件句)1. 表示与现在事实相反的情况时, if 从句的谓语用动词的过去式(be 动词的过去式多用were,而不用 was), 主句的谓语用 should / would / could / might + 动词原形 (should 多用于第一人称 , would 多用于二三人称 , could / might 可用于所有人称 )a. If I had more time, I should study computer better.b. If he were not so busy, she would attend the meeting this afternoon.c. If they didn ’ t take exercises every day, they wouldn ’ t be so healthy.d. If you went to bed earlier, you would not be so sleepy in the morning.e. If she invited me, I should go to the party.had done形式 ,主句的谓语用should / 2.表示与过去事实相反的情况时, if 从句的谓语用would / could / might + have done的形式a. If she had invited me yesterday, I should have gone to the party.b. I would have checked my paper again if I had had more time at yesterday ’ s exam.c. If you had taken the teacher ’ s advice, you would not have failed in the exam.3.表示与将来事实相反的情况时 , if 从句的谓语形式是 : ① .完全动词过去式 (be 的过去式通常用were); ② .should +动词原形 ; ③ .were to do. 其中② , ③种情况都含有出乎意料之外之意;主句的谓语的形式是 : should / would / could / might + 动词原形a. If she should invite me tomorrow, I should go to the party.b. If it rained / should rain / were to rain tomorrow, our picnic would be put off.c. If I saw him tomorrow, I would pass your note to him.d. I might come back if I were to miss the train.三.虚拟语气在非真实条件句中用法的几个变体:1. 条件从句省略 if: 在书面语中 , 如果条件从句中的谓语中有 were, had, should 等词 , 可将 if 省略 , 而把 were, had, should 放在句首a. Were I you (=If I were you ), I would get up early very early.b. Had you arrived (=If you had arrived ) at the station ten minutes earlier yesterday, you could have caught the train.2.省略条件从句或主句, 省略部分的含义仍有所体现. 省略主句时 , 表示己不能实现的愿望a. You could have done it yourself (if you had wanted to).b. I wouldn ’ t smoke (if I were you).c. If my old friends were with me! (要是老朋友和我在一起该多好啊)d. If you could have seen the wonderful film!3.主从句时间不一致时, 主从句谓语动词的形式取决于要表示的具体时间a. You would speak English well if you had practised speaking it every day.b. If she hadn’ t trained so hard, she wouldn ’ t be able to run so fast.4.假设的条件不以条件从句, 而以其他方式如介词短语、从句等表达出来, 这种句子称为含蓄条件句a. What would you do with a million dollars?b. Without music, the world would be a dull place.c. We could have done better with more money.d. He would have given you more help, but he has been so busy.四.虚拟语气在 as if / though 从句中的用法 :1.表示与现在事实相反或对相在情况有所怀疑, as if / though 从句谓语用过去式a. He speaks English so well as if she had studied English in England.b. She looked as if she were ill.2.表示与过去事实相反的情况, as if / though 从句谓语用过去完成式a. The machines operated as if it had been repaired.五.虚拟语气在含even if / though 从句的复合句中的用法:在此类复合句中 , 若表示与事实相反 , 可用虚拟语气形式 . 主从句的谓语动词形式与非真实条件句相同a. Even if I were rich, I would work.六.虚拟语气在主语从句中的用法:如果表示说话人的看法 , 想法或意见 , 在句型 It is / was + adj. + that 从句中 , 主语从句中可用虚拟语气 . 主语从句中谓语动词用 should do 表示现在或将来情况 , 用 should have done 表示过去情况a. It is necessary that you should clean the lab before you left.b. It is important that you should take the doctor ’ s advice.c. It was very strange that he should have left without say goodbye.七.虚拟语气在宾语从句中的用法:1.在 wish 的宾语从句中 , 通常表示不可能实现或没有实现的愿望, 常用虚拟语气①.wish 的宾语从句用过去式, 表示现在或将来没有实现或不可能实现的愿望a. I wish I knew the result of the match now.b. I wish it were spring here all the year round.c. I wish I could help you.d. I wish I were young.②.wish 的宾语从句用过去完成式, 表示过去没有实现或不可能实现的愿望a. We wish we had got the film tickets last night.b. I wish you I had met him yesterday.③.wish 的宾语从句若用would,则一般表示请求, 对现状不满或希望未来有所改变a. I wish the prices would come down.b. I wish you would help me.c. I wish he would be more careful.d. We wish you would spend the holiday with us.2.在动词 suggest (建议 ), advise (建议 ), demand (要求 ), require ( 要求 ), order ( 命令 ), insist ( 坚持 ) 后的宾语从句中 , 谓语动词常用 ( should )+ 动词原形的虚拟语气形式a. I suggested that we should go there at once.b. I demand that he should answer me at once.c. The doctor insisted that the patie nt should stay in bed for two weeks.d. The officer ordered that the soldiers should stop playing.与名词 suggestion 建议 / advice 建议 / demand 要求 / request 要求 / order 命令有关的从句(包括同位语从句和表语从句等 )中的谓语也用 ( should ) +动词原形a.The black people made a strong demand that the government ( should ) take steps to changethe unfair situation.b.Their demand is that the government should take steps to change the unfair situation.c.I was Bill ’ s suggestion that everybody should have a map.d. His suggestion was that everybody should have a map.八.虚拟语气用在句型: It is time that( 该做某事了 )中 : that 从句中的谓语动词用过去式a. It is time we got up.九.虚拟语气用在 if only 引导的感叹句中 : 表示但愿 , 要是就好了 , 其中谓语形式与 wish 的宾语从句相同a. If only he did n’ t drive so fast! ( =I wish he didn ’ t drive so fast.)b. If only he had take n the doctor ’ s advice. ( =I wish he had taken the doctor ’s advice.)c. If only the rain would stop! ( =I wish the rain would stop.)十.虚拟语气用在 would rather / prefer 后的 that 从句中 : 表示现在或将来情况谓语动词用过去时形式 , 表示过去情况动词用过去完成时形式a. I would rather he came next Saturday.b. I w ould prefer you had seen the film yesterday.c. I would rather that he painted the house blue15、人生的价值，并不是用时间，而是用深度去衡量的。

虚拟语气英语中有三种语气：陈述语气，祈使语气以及虚拟语气。

虚拟语气用来表示说话人的主观愿望或假想，而不表示客观存在的事实，所说的是一个条件，不一定是事实，或与事实相反。

虚拟语气通过谓语动词的特殊形式来表示。

1、He comes here everyday.2、Let him come here.3、If he came here, I would ask him.一、条件句中的虚拟语气1.条件句的分类条件句有真实条件句与非真实条件句两种。

真实条件句所表示的假设是有可能发生或实现的，句中的条件从句皆用直陈语气。

如If I have enough money, I will buy a computer.If you haven’t finished with that book, you can keep it for one more day.非真实条件句所表示的假设是不可能或不大可能发生或实现的，句中的条件从句与结果主句皆使用虚拟语气，一下是用于非真实条件句中的虚拟语气形式：2. 条件句中的虚拟语气的举例(1) 将来时的条件句中的虚拟语气。

如：If he should go to Qing Hua University, he would make full use of his time. 如果他要上清华大学的话，他就会充分利用他的时间了。

If he were to come here, he would tell us about it. 如果他要来的话，他会通知我们一声。

(2) 现在时的条件句中的虚拟语气。

如：If he were free, he would help us. 要是他有空的话，它会帮助我们的。

If he studied at this school, he would know you well. 如果他在这所学校学习的话，它会对你很熟悉。

(3) 过去时的条件句中的虚拟语气。