The higher education in China

The Evolution of English Essays in Higher Education Self-ExaminationThe Higher Education Self-Examination, often referred to as the "自考," is a unique pathway for individuals to pursue higher education in China, offering flexibility and autonomy in academic pursuits. Over the years, the English essay section of this examination has served as a barometer for assessing the linguistic proficiency and critical thinking skills of candidates. The evolution of these essays not only reflects the changing trends in English education but also highlights the evolving standards and expectations of the examination.In the early years of the Higher Education Self-Examination, English essays tended to be more straightforward, focusing on basic language proficiency and basic understanding of common topics. These essays often required candidates to write about familiar topics such as family, friends, or daily life experiences, testing their ability to organize ideas, use basic vocabulary, and construct grammatically correct sentences. The emphasis wason basic communication skills and the ability to express oneself clearly.As the years progressed, the English essays became more complex, introducing a wider range of topics and greater depth of analysis. Topics began to cover a broader spectrum, ranging from social issues to cultural phenomena, requiring candidates to delve deeper into their understanding of the subject matter. The essays also demanded a higher level of linguistic proficiency, with a focus on more advanced vocabulary, complex sentence structures, and a more nuanced understanding of language.In recent years, the trend has shifted towards evenmore sophisticated and nuanced essay topics. These essays often require candidates to analyze and evaluate complex issues from multiple perspectives, demonstrating a highlevel of critical thinking and analytical skills. The focus is not just on language proficiency but also on the ability to apply that proficiency to real-world situations, analyzing and solving problems independently.The evolution of the English essays in the Higher Education Self-Examination mirrors the changing trends inEnglish education worldwide. As globalization continues to shape the world, the importance of English as a language of communication and analysis has grown. The increasing complexity and sophistication of the essays reflect the need for higher-order thinking skills and the ability to express oneself effectively in a global context.The Higher Education Self-Examination has always been a barometer for assessing the readiness of candidates to pursue higher education, and the English essay section has played a pivotal role in this assessment. As the examination continues to evolve, it remains a crucial tool for measuring linguistic proficiency, critical thinking skills, and the ability to analyze and solve problems independently.**中国高等教育自学考试中英语作文的演变**中国的高等教育自学考试，通常被称为“自考”，是一条独特的学术追求途径，为个体提供了灵活和自主的高等教育机会。

用英文介绍中国的教育系统作文China's education system is one of the largest and most complex in the world. It consists of a combination of traditional Chinese educational practices and modern education techniques. The education system is overseen by the Ministry of Education, and it is divided into several levels including preschool education, primary education, secondary education, and higher education.Preschool education in China is not compulsory and is usually for children aged 3 to 6. This level of education is not part of the formal education system and is often provided by kindergartens, which can be privately or publicly operated. The curriculum at this level focuses on developing children's social skills, creativity, and basic knowledge.Primary education in China is compulsory and is for children aged 6 to 12. It consists of six years of schooling and is divided into two stages: lower primary and upper primary. The curriculum at this level includes Chinese, mathematics, science, physical education, music, art, and moral education.Secondary education in China is divided into junior secondary and senior secondary education. Junior secondary education is for students aged 12 to 15 and consists of three years of schooling. The curriculum at this level is more comprehensive and includes Chinese, mathematics, English, physics, chemistry, biology, geography, history, politics, music, art, and physical education.Senior secondary education is for students aged 15 to 18 and consists of three years of schooling. At this level, students have the option to choose between academic and vocational tracks. The academic track prepares students for the National College Entrance Examination (NCEE), which is the most important examination for Chinese students as it determines their placement into higher education institutions.Higher education in China includes universities, colleges, and vocational schools. China has some of the top universities in the world and is a popular destination for international students. Higher education institutions in China offer a wide range of academic programs and research opportunities.Overall, China's education system has made significant progress in recent years. The government has investedheavily in education, and there have been improvements in access to education, infrastructure, and teaching quality. However, challenges such as regional disparities,curriculum reform, and the pressure of the NCEE continue to impact the system.中国的教育系统是世界上最大、最复杂的教育系统之一。

1 / 1313__来源网络整理，仅作为学习参考中美教育差异英语作文篇一：中美教育差异对比Education is Education is culture, and culture, and culture, and different different different educations educations educations show show show different different societies societies’’ culture. Americans regard education as the means by which the inequalities among individuals are to be erased and by which every desirable end is to be achieved. While Chinese education is for foundation education, but students may be not learn much. much. But But all all in in all, different different education education education systems systems account for the different phenomenon, because different society backgrounds and different culture helps human create a different country in the world.The different society structure plays an important part in the education system. In China, all those who can enter the University have received an elite education and beforeenrollment they have devoted themselves to hard studying. Therefore, Therefore, they they are good at getting high marks on mathematics, psychics and so on. However, they are lack of chances topractice skills in real world thus having no social experiences. In that case, after graduation, most students find it difficult to find a satisfactory job though many of them get a job through the relationship net.While in America, the education system pays more attention to social skills than to marks .Students have developed the ability to be independence in life and work. After university, they show great capability of thinking, innovation and creation which make them keep pace with the modern world. They are competent for the challenging work and can gain a good job in America with ease.There is a huge gap on education between America and China, butwe we can can can’’t t say which say which say which one one one is is is right or right or right or wrong, wrong, wrong, ‘‘cause cause each each each of of of the the education system is based on the different backgrounds,American education should be following the American American’’sculture, meanwhile, Chinese education has to follow Chinese culture. A good education model for China is very important to the learning process, and also is very hard. But the most important thing we need is the modern education which is internationalization education system education system and and and localization localization localization education education education systems systems systems unite for unite for China and America, this is also what the education itself needs.篇二：中美教育差异篇二：中美教育差异The Differences of Education between China and U.SBased on checking the extensive literature and summing up the evidence, it is clear that study about differences of higher education between China and US has carried out a lot whichmainly explaines the differences from different aspects of higher edcation between China and the United States. Such aspects mainly includes the social environment and cultural tradition, higher education system and reform measures. In the Integration of these differences, advantages and evils of both educational systems have been evaluated respectively, and corresponding corresponding improvement improvement improvement measures measures measures were were were also also also put put put forwords. forwords. forwords. By By summary, the detailed conclusions are listed as follows: US is a open society. The society's openness urges the American college to abandon old educational thoughts which European traditional universities stick to, adopt the open policy to absorb all advatanges from other countries and establishe a diverse and open education control system which emphasizes on the actual effect. US is the biggest imigrant country which has very strong containing nature in the culture. American economyephiseizes on the practical value, matter rewards as well as individual value realization with fast development, rich material life, strong material idea and etc[2].Us Us’’s higher education education was was considered considered as as the best education in the world. Comparing the elementary education between American and China, people's universal view will be: China's elementary education aims to build the foundation of education with more study and less thought; while US's education aims to bulid such an education to raise the creativity with less study and more thought. Now Chinese students are generally regarded asintalents with few intelligence and high scores. What causes for such a view? Because the Chinese students study more, actually pay little attention to the practice, and cannot study for the purpose of application. Therefore, it is very important for Chinese higher education to cultivate the idea of unifyingthe study and prctice.US's education pays more attention to raise student'sself-confidence,independence,spirit of supporting oneself, but China's education emphases on training the students to be strict,rigorous spiritual.Obviously, Chinese education may fruitfully develop and ultilize the function of cerebrum, but US US’’s higher education could expand the function of cerebrum by ultilizing and synthesizing the information outside. Each national higher education as economic system system’’sreflection serves for the the economy; economy; economy; US US education education aims aims to adapt for society demand, they explicitly stipulate three big functions including education including education’’s service for the economic development, scientific research and teaching. The manifest of service in the establishment of specialty curriculum is to meet the social need, set up special curriculum and specialty which the societyneeds; In China's universities, during quite long period of time, the establishment of specialty curriculum lacks the change and couldnot follow social demand.In order to adapt the society, the American universities has established many specialties and curriculum of choice for students; The students; The students students students choose or transformate specialties choose or transformate specialties choose or transformate specialties and and schools according to own interest and hobby. The American higher education system is extremely diverse and flexible, which is solo in the world higher education; In China, the student may choose the specialty according to own interest and hobby, but change of specialty in the school is not easy, and transformation of school is more difficult.When American school inspects the result of student, they emphasize more on the ability to analyze and solve the question but not the ability of memory or description. The Americanstudents donot need the mechanical memorizing, but display creative thought as far as possible; This can cultivateinterest, raiseraise the ability of doing it byself student's study interest,and make the study be one kind of creative action.Many teachers still adopted old teaching ways in the Chinese universities, thus take a test which needs mechanical memorizing.Due to the development of science and technology, connections between higher education and national politics, economy, science,culture, military relation is day by day closer. The higher education is vigorous and upward, and it not only simply performances for the growth of quantity, but especially has hadThe advanced level of highernature[1]. Thethe huge change in the nature[1].education has become a thesymbol of national strength.We should clarify the difference of higher education between China and American, at the same time absorb the advantges toprofit from the American higher education so as to faster the reform andthe development of our higher education.篇三：中美教育差异篇三：中美教育差异Us Us’’s higher education education was was considered considered as as the best education in the world.Comparing the elementary education between American and China, people's people's universal universal universal view view view will be: will be: will be: China's China's China's elementary elementary elementary education education aims to build the foundation of education with more study and less thought; while US's education aims to bulid such an education to raise the creativity with less study and more thought. Now Chinese students are generally regarded as intalents with few intelligence and high scores. intalents What causes for such a view? Because the Chinese students study more, actually pay little attention to the practice, practice, and andcannot study for the purpose of application. Therefore, it is very important for Chinese higher education to cultivate the idea of unifying the study and prctice.US's education pays more attention to raise student'sself-confidence,independence,spirit of supporting oneself, but China's education emphases on training the students to be strict,rigorous spiritual. Obviously, Chinese education may fruitfully develop and ultilize the function of cerebrum, but US US’’s higher education could expand the function of cerebrum by ultilizingand synthesizing the information outside.The American higher education system is extremely diverse and flexible, which is solo in the world higher education; In China, the student may choose the specialty according to own interest and hobby, but change of specialty in the school is not easy, and transformation of school is more difficult. When Americanschool inspects the result of student, they emphasize more on the ability to analyze and solve the question but not the ability of memory or description.The American studentsdonot need the mechanical memorizing, but display creative thought as far as possible; This can cultivate student's study interest, raise the ability of doing it byself and make the study be one kind of creative action. Many teachers still adopted old teaching ways in the Chinese universities, thus take a test which needs mechanical memorizing.American parents open education that:(1) pay attention to practical exercise, emphasize the child in practice, not a lecture.Americans believe that, every child, everything makes children yourself to finish in task in the process to improve knowledge, accumulate experience, master technology, enhance ability,raises the interest expertise, and increase the confidence and sense of responsibility.(2) the value play games, americans think playing children this age is the most important thing.In the United States, children in the activities, sports activities time is abundant, activity places is everywhere. Parents often use holiday weekend, lead the child goes out to play, play in the process of developing intelligent such as perception, imagine, judgment, reasoning and human communication and the mood adjustment, etc.Chinese parents are enclosed education:(1) to preach to give priority to, the contempt practice activities the important role.The parents and children requirement is reading, even can provide for oneself by their parents' wishes activities, andled to many Chinese children learned a lot of knowledge are useless, took to the society after what also can't.(2) outdoor activities less, because the Chinese children learn from morning till night don't finish homework do not over of homework, be homework overwhelmed; Sometimes even if want to move and is hard to find good site.。

中国高等教育英语作文Chinese Higher Education。

Higher education in China has undergone significant changes in the past few decades. With the development ofthe economy and the increasing number of students seeking higher education, the Chinese government has investedheavily in the education system, resulting in a significant improvement in the quality of education. In this essay, we will discuss the current state of higher education in China, its challenges, and future prospects.Currently, China has over 2,000 universities and colleges, including some of the most prestigiousinstitutions in the world such as Tsinghua University and Peking University. The number of students enrolled inhigher education has also grown rapidly in recent years,with over 40 million students enrolled in higher education institutions in 2020. This growth in enrollment has been driven by a combination of factors, including theincreasing demand for skilled workers in the job market, the growing middle class, and the government's efforts to promote education.Despite the growth in enrollment, the quality of higher education in China still faces some challenges. One of the main challenges is the lack of innovation in teaching methods and curriculum. Many universities still rely on traditional lecture-based teaching methods, which may not be effective in developing critical thinking and problem-solving skills. Moreover, the curriculum is often too rigid and not flexible enough to adapt to the changing needs of the job market.Another challenge is the uneven distribution of resources and opportunities among different regions and institutions. The top-tier universities in China receive the most funding and resources, while smaller universities and colleges struggle to attract qualified faculty and provide adequate facilities and resources for their students.To address these challenges, the Chinese government has launched several initiatives to promote innovation and improve the quality of higher education. For example, the government has encouraged universities to adopt more innovative teaching methods, such as project-based learning and online courses. The government has also invested in research and development, particularly in areas such as artificial intelligence, biotechnology, and renewable energy.In conclusion, higher education in China has made significant progress in recent years, but there are still challenges to be addressed. The government and universities need to work together to promote innovation, improve the quality of education, and ensure that all students have access to equal opportunities and resources. With these efforts, China's higher education system will continue to grow and contribute to the country's economic and social development.。

Chinese higher educationDuring the 10th Five-year Plan, under the leadership of the CPC Central Committee and the State Council, the educational sector in China continues to adopt Deng Xiaoping Theory and the important thoughts of “Three Represents” as the guidance and to set up and implements a rational philosophy of development. We have consolidated achievements, deepened reforms, improved quality and pursued sustainable development. New progresses were scored for the nation’s education reform and development, making new contributi ons to the nation’s modernization process and socio-economic development.Higher education is a special education after Secondary education implemented. In China, higher education includes two levels, which are full-time higher education and adult higher education, and the latter belongs to the scope of adult education. Chinese higher education divide into four levels, which are junior college student, undergraduate, postgraduate and doctor, who get the certificate of bachelor, master and doctorate respective. Chinese universities are divided into arts, science, engineering, agriculture, forestry, medicine, teacher, finance, politics and law, sports, arts and other subjects.In 2005, there were 23,000,000 students recruited by various higher education institutions (HEIs), 10,710,000 more than that of the year 2000. China has realized the internationally recognized “mass higher education”, with a gross enrollment rate of 21%, an 8.5% increase of that of year 2000. 2In 2005, 6,972,500 students were newly recruited by HEIs (including regular HEIs, adult colleges and postsecondary/technical colleges), 3,204,900 more than that of 2000, with an average annual increase of 13.1%. Among those, 5,044,600 were admitted to regular HEIs and postsecondary/technical colleges, an increase by 2,838,500 of that of the year 2000, with an average annual growth rate of 17.99%. In 2005, 364,800 students were admitted to graduate schools, 236,300 more than that of the year 2000, with an average year-on-year increase of 23.21%. Also in 2005, a total number of 978,600postgraduate were studying on campus, 677,400 more than that of the year 2000, with an average annual increase of 26.58%.The capacity of education provision and social contribution of HEIs has been further improved. The 211 Project and 985 Scheme have successfully moved forward. Teaching quality has been improved and greater importance attached to the students’ capacity of innovation, hands-on application and entrepreneurship. Statistics show that HEIs play a greater role in solving important social and economic problems than before. “During 10th 5-Year Plan, HEIs have won 75 National Natural Science Awards, 55.07% of the total; 64 National Invention Awards, 64.4% of the total; 433 National Science and Technology Progress Awards, 53.57% of the total. 。

College English Curriculum RequirementsWith With a a a view view view to to to keeping keeping keeping up up up with with with the the the new new new developments developments developments of of of higher higher higher education education education in in China, deepening teaching reform, improving teaching quality, and meeting the needs of of the the the country country country and and and society society society for for for qualified qualified qualified personnel personnel personnel in in in the the the new new new era, era, era, College College College English English Curriculum Curriculum Requirements Requirements Requirements (Requirements (Requirements (Requirements hereafter) hereafter) hereafter) has has has been been been drawn drawn drawn up up up to to to provide provide colleges colleges and and and universities universities universities with with with the the the guidelines guidelines guidelines for for for English English English instruction instruction instruction to to to non-English non-English major students.Because Because institutions institutions institutions of of of higher higher higher learning learning learning differ differ differ from from from each each each other other other in in in terms terms terms of of teaching teaching resources, resources, resources, students’ students’ students’ level level level of of of English English English upon upon upon entering entering entering college, college, college, and and and the the the social social demands they face, colleges and universities should formulate, in accordance with the Requirements and in the light of their specific circumstances, a scientific, systematic and and individualized individualized individualized College College College English English English syllabus syllabus syllabus to to to guide guide guide their their their own own own College College College English English teaching.I. Character and Objectives of College EnglishCollege English, an integral part of higher learning, is a required basic course for undergraduate students. Under the guidance of theories of foreign language teaching, College College English English English has has has as as as its its its main main main components components components knowledge knowledge knowledge and and and practical practical practical skills skills skills of of of the the English language, learning strategies and intercultural communication. It is a systematic whole, incorporating different teaching models and approaches.The objective of College English is to develop students’ ability to use English in a well-rounded way, especially in listening and speaking, so that in their future studies and careers as well as social interactions they will be able to communicate effectively, and at the same time enhance their ability to study independently and improve their general cultural awareness so as to meet the needs of China’s social development and international exchanges.Ⅱ.Teaching RequirementsAs China is a large country with conditions that vary from region to region and from college to college, the teaching of College English should follow the principle of providing different guidance for different groups of students and instructing them in accordance accordance with with with their their their aptitude aptitude aptitude so so so as as as to to to meet meet meet the the the specific specific specific needs needs needs of of of individualized individualized teaching.The The requirements requirements requirements for for for undergraduate undergraduate undergraduate College College College English English English teaching teaching teaching are are are set set set at at at three three levels, i.e., basic requirements, intermediate requirements, and advanced requirements. Non-English majors are required to attain to one of the three levels of requirements after after studying studying studying and and and practicing practicing practicing English English English at at at school. school. school. The The The basic basic basic requirements requirements requirements are are are the the minimum level that all non-English majors have to reach before graduation. Intermediate Intermediate and and and advanced advanced advanced requirements requirements requirements are are are recommended recommended recommended for for for those those those colleges colleges colleges and and universities universities which which which have have have more more more favorable favorable favorable conditions; conditions; conditions; they they they should should should select select select their their their levels levels according to the school’s status, types and education goals.Institutions Institutions of of of higher higher higher learning learning learning should should should set set set their their their own own own objectives objectives objectives in in in the the the light light light of of their their specific specific specific circumstances, circumstances, circumstances, strive strive strive to to to create create create favorable favorable favorable conditions, conditions, conditions, and and and enable enable enable those those students students who have who have a relatively higher English proficiency proficiency and stronger and stronger capacity capacity for for learning to meet the intermediate or advanced requirements.The three levels of requirements are set as follows:Basic Requirements:1. Listening: Students should be able to follow classroom instructions, everyday conversations, and lectures on general topics conducted in English. They should be be able able able to to to understand understand understand English English English radio radio radio and and and TV TV TV programs programs programs spoken spoken spoken at at at a a a speed speed speed of of about about 130 to 130 to 150 words per minute (wpm)~ grasping the main ideas and key points. points. They They They are are are expected expected expected to to to be be be able able able to to to employ employ employ basic basic basic listening listening listening strategies strategies strategies to to facilitate comprehension.2. Speaking: S tudents should be able to communicate in English in the course of Students should be able to communicate in English in the course of learning, to conduct discussions on a given theme, and to talk about everyday topics topics in in in English. English. English. They They They should should should be be be able able able to to to give, give, give, after after after some some some preparation, preparation, preparation, short short talks on familiar topics with clear articulation and basically correct pronunciation and intonation. They are are expected expected to to be be able able to to use use basic basic conversational strategies in dialogue.3. Reading: Students should generally be able to read English texts on general topics topics at at at a a a speed speed speed of of of 70 70 70 wpm. wpm. wpm. With With With longer longer longer yet yet yet less less less difficult difficult difficult texts, texts, texts, the the the reading reading speed should be 100 wpm. Students should be able to do skimming and scanning. With the help of dictionaries, they should be able to read textbooks in their areas of of specialty, specialty, specialty, and and and newspaper newspaper newspaper and and and magazine magazine magazine articles articles articles on on on familiar familiar familiar topics, topics, topics, grasping grasping the main ideas and understanding major facts and relevant details. They should be be able able able to to to understand understand understand texts texts texts of of of practical practical practical styles styles styles commonly commonly commonly used used used in in work work and and daily daily life. life. life. They They They are are are expected expected expected to to to be be be able able able to to to employ employ employ effective effective effective reading reading reading strategies strategies while reading.4. Writing: Students Students should should should be be be able able able to to to complete complete complete writing writing writing tasks tasks tasks for for for general general purposes, purposes, e.g., e.g., e.g., describing describing describing personal personal personal experiences, experiences, experiences, impressions, impressions, impressions, feelings, feelings, feelings, or or or some some events, and to undertake practical writing. They should be able to write within 30 minutes a short composition of no less than 120 words on a general topic, or an outline. The composition should be basically complete in content, clear in main idea, appropriate in diction and coherent in discourse. Students are expected to be able to have a command of basic writing strategies. 5. Translation: With the help of dictionaries, students should be able to translate essays on familiar topics from English into Chinese and vice versa. The speed of translation translation from from from English English English into into into Chinese Chinese Chinese should should should be be be about about about 300 300 300 English English English words words words per per hour whereas the speed of translation from Chinese into English should be around 250 250 Chinese Chinese Chinese characters characters characters per per per hour. hour. hour. The The The translation translation translation should should should be be be basically basically basically accurate, accurate, free from serious mistakes in comprehension or expression.6. Recommended Vocabulary:S tudents should acquire a total of 4,795 words Students should acquire a total of 4,795 words and 700 phrases (including those that are covered in high school English courses), among among which which which 2,000 2,000 2,000 are are are active active active words. words. words. (See (See (See Appendix Appendix Appendix III: III: III: College College College English English Vocabulary.) Students should not only be able to comprehend the active words but but be be be proficient proficient proficient in in in using using using them them them when when when expressing expressing expressing themselves themselves themselves in in in speaking speaking speaking or or writing.Intermediate Requirements:1. Listening: Students Students should should should generally generally generally be be be able able able to to to follow follow follow talks talks talks and and and lectures lectures lectures in in English, to understand longer English radio and TV programs on familiar topics spoken at a speed of around 150 to 180 wpm, grasping the main ideas, key points and relevant details. They should be able to understand, by and large, courses in their areas of specialty taught in English.2. Speaking: Students should be able to hold conversations in fairly fluent English. They should, by and large, be able to express their personal opinions, feelings and views, views, to to to state state facts facts and and and reasons, reasons, reasons, and and and to to to describe describe describe events events events with with with clear clear clear articulation articulation and basically correct pronunciation and intonation.3. Reading: S tudents should generally be able to read essays on general topics in Students should generally be able to read essays on general topics in popular popular newspapers newspapers newspapers and and and magazines magazines magazines published published published in in in English-speaking English-speaking English-speaking countries countries countries at at at a a speed speed of of of 70 70 70 to to to 90 90 90 wpm. wpm. wpm. With With With longer longer longer texts texts texts for for for fast fast fast reading, reading, reading, the the the reading reading reading speed speed should should be be be 120 120 120 wpm. wpm. wpm. Students Students Students should should should be be be able able able to to to skim skim skim or or or scan scan scan reading reading reading materials. materials. When When reading reading reading summary summary summary literature literature literature in in in their their their areas areas areas of of of specialty, specialty, specialty, students students students should should should be be able able to to to get get get a a a correct correct correct understanding understanding understanding of of of the the the main main main ideas, ideas, ideas, major major major facts facts facts and and and relevant relevant details.4. Writing: Students should be able to express, by and large, personal views on general general topics, topics, topics, compose compose compose English English English abstracts abstracts abstracts for for for theses theses theses in in in their their their own own own specialization, specialization, and and write write write short short short English English English papers papers papers on on on topics topics topics in in in their their their field. field. field. They They They should should should be be be able able able to to describe charts and graphs, and to complete within 30 minutes a short composition of no less than 160 words. The composition should be complete in content, clear in idea, well-organized in presentation and coherent in discourse.5. Translation: W ith the help of dictionaries, students should be able to translate With the help of dictionaries, students should be able to translate on on a a a selective selective selective basis basis basis English English English literature literature literature in in in their their their field, field, field, and and and to to to translate translate translate texts texts texts on on familiar topics in popular newspapers and magazines published in English speaking countries. The speed of translation from English into Chinese should be about 350 English words per hour, whereas the speed of translation from Chinese into into English English English should should should be be be around around around 300 300 300 Chinese Chinese Chinese characters characters characters per per per hour. hour. hour. The The The translation translation should read smoothly, convey the original meaning and be, in the main, free from mistakes in understanding or expression. Students are expected to be able to use appropriate translation techniques.6. Recommended Vocabulary: Students Students should should should acquire acquire acquire a a a total total total of of of 6,395 6,395 6,395 words words and 1,200 phrases (including those that are covered in high school English courses and the Basic Requirements), among which 2,200 are active words (including the active words that have been covered in the Basic Requirements). (See Appendix III: College English V ocabulary.) Advanced Requirements:I. Listening: Students should, by and large, be able to understand radio and TV programs programs produced produced produced in in in English-speaking English-speaking English-speaking countries countries countries and and and grasp grasp grasp the the the gist gist gist and and and key key points. points. They They They should should should be be be able able able to to to follow follow follow talks talks talks by by by people people people from from from English-speaking English-speaking countries countries given given given at at at normal normal normal speed, speed, speed, and and and to to to understand understand understand courses courses courses in in in their their their areas areas areas of of specialty and lectures in English.2. Speaking: Students should be able to conduct dialogues or discussions with a certain certain degree degree degree of of of fluency fluency fluency and and and accuracy accuracy accuracy on on on general general general or or or specialized specialized specialized topics, topics, topics, and and and to to make concise summaries of extended texts or speeches in fairly difficult language. They should be able to deliver papers at academic conferences and participate in discussions.3. Reading: Students should be able to read rather difficult texts, and understand their their main main main ideas ideas ideas and and and details. details. details. They They They should should should be be be able able able to to to read read read English English English articles articles articles in in newspapers and magazines published abroad, and to read English literature related to their areas of specialty without much difficulty.4. Writing: Students should be able to write brief reports and papers in their areas of of specialty, specialty, specialty, to to to express express express their their their opinions opinions opinions freely, freely, freely, and and and to to to write write write within within within 30 30 30 minutes minutes expository expository or or or argumentative argumentative argumentative essays essays essays of of of no no no less less less than than than 200 200 200 words words words on on on a a a given given given topic. topic. The The text text text should should should be be be characterized characterized characterized by by by clear clear clear expression expression expression of of of ideas, ideas, ideas, rich rich rich content, content, content, neat neat structure, and good logic.5. Translation: With the help of dictionaries, students should be able to translate into into Chinese Chinese Chinese fairly fairly fairly difficult difficult difficult English English English texts texts texts in in in literature literature literature related related related to to to their their their areas areas areas of of specialty and in newspapers and magazines published in English-speaking countries; they should also be able to translate Chinese introductory texts on the conditions of China or Chinese culture into English. The speed of translation from English into Chinese Chinese should should should be be be about about about 400 400 400 English English English words words words per per per hour hour whereas whereas the the the speed speed speed of of translation from Chinese into English should be around 350 Chinese characters per hour. The translation should convey the idea with accuracy and smoothness and be basically free from misinterpretation, omission and mistakes in expression.6. Recommended Vocabulary: Students should acquire a total of 7,675 words and 1,870 phrases (including those that are covered in high school English courses, the Basic Requirements and Intermediate Requirements), among which 2,360 are active words (including the active words that have been covered in the Basic Requirements and Intermediate Requirements). (See Appendix III: College English V ocabulary.)The The above-mentioned above-mentioned three three requirements requirements serve serve as as as reference reference reference standards standards standards for for colleges and universities in preparing their own College English teaching documents. They They could, could, could, in in in the light the light of their respective c ircumstances, make due adjustments circumstances, make due adjustments to the the specific specific specific requirements requirements requirements for for for listening, listening, listening, speaking, speaking, speaking, reading, reading, reading, writing writing writing and and and translation translation translation at at the three levels. In doing so they should place more emphasis on the cultivation and training of listening and speaking abilities.III. Course DesignTaking into account account the the the school’s school’s circumstances, colleges colleges and and and universities universities should should follow follow follow the the the guidelines guidelines guidelines of of of the the the Requirements Requirements Requirements and and and the the the goals goals goals of of of their their their College College English teaching in designing their College English course systems. A course system, which which is is is a a a combination combination combination of of of required required required and and and elective elective elective courses courses courses in in in comprehensive comprehensive comprehensive English, English, language language skills, skills, skills, English English English for for for practical practical practical uses, uses, uses, language language language and and and culture, culture, culture, and and and English English English of of specialty, should ensure that students at different levels receive adequate training and make improvement in their ability to use English.In designing College English courses, requirements for cultivating competence in in listening listening listening and and and speaking speaking speaking should should should be be be fully fully fully considered, considered, considered, and and and corresponding corresponding corresponding teaching teaching hours hours and and and credits credits credits should should should be be be adequately adequately adequately allocated. allocated. allocated. Moreover, Moreover, Moreover, the the the extensive extensive extensive use use use of of advanced advanced information information information technology technology technology should should should be be be encouraged, encouraged, encouraged, computer- computer- computer- and and and Web-based Web-based courses should be developed, and students should be provided with favorable environment and facilities for language learning.College College English English English is is is not not not only only only a a a language language language course course course that that that provides provides provides basic basic basic knowledge knowledge about English, but also a capacity enhancement course that helps students to broaden their horizons and learn about different cultures in the world. It not only serves as a tool, tool, but but but also also also has has has humanistic humanistic humanistic values. values. values. When When When designing designing designing College College College English English English courses, courses, therefore, it is necessary to take into full consideration the development of students’ cultural capacity and the teaching of knowledge about different cultures in the world.All All the the the courses, courses, courses, whether whether whether computer-based computer-based computer-based or or or classroom-based, classroom-based, classroom-based, should should should be be be fully fully individual-oriented, taking into account students with different starting points, so that students who start from lower levels will be well taken care of while students whose English English is is is better better better will will will find find find room room room for for for further further further development. development. development. College College College English English English course course design should help students to have a solid foundation in the English language while developing their ability to use English, especially their ability to listen and speak in English. English. It It It should should should ensure ensure ensure that that that students students students make make make steady steady steady progress progress progress in in in English English English proficiency proficiency throughout their undergraduate studies, and it should encourage students’ individualized individualized learning learning learning so so so as as as to to to meet meet meet the the the needs needs needs of of of their their their development development development in in in different different specialties.IV. Teaching Model In view of the marked increase in student enrolments and the relatively limited resources, resources, colleges colleges colleges and and and universities universities universities should should should remold remold remold the the the existing existing existing unitary unitary unitary teacher- teacher- centered pattern of language teaching by introducing computer- and classroom- based teaching models. The new model should be built on modern information technology, particularly network technology, so that English language teaching and learning will be, to a certain extent, free from the constraints of time or place and geared towards students’ students’ individualized individualized individualized and and and autonomous autonomous autonomous learning. learning. learning. The The The new new new model model model should should should combine combine the principles of practicality, knowledge and interest, facilitate mobilizing the initiative of both teachers and students, and attach particular importance to the central position position of of of students students students and and and the the the leading leading leading role role role of of of teachers teachers teachers in in in the the the teaching teaching teaching and and and learning learning process. This model should incorporate into it the strengths of the current model and give play to the advantages of traditional classroom teaching while fully employing modern information technology.Colleges Colleges and and and universities universities universities should should should explore explore explore and and and establish establish establish a a a Web-based Web-based Web-based listening listening and and speaking speaking speaking teaching teaching teaching model model model that that that suits suits suits their their their own own own needs needs needs in in in line line line with with with their their their own own conditions conditions and and and students’ students’ students’ English English English proficiency, proficiency, and and deliver deliver deliver listening listening listening and and and speaking speaking courses courses via via via the the the intranet intranet intranet or or or campus campus campus network. network. network. The The The teaching teaching teaching of of of reading, reading, reading, writing writing writing and and translation translation can can can be be be conducted conducted conducted either either either in in in the the the classroom classroom classroom or or or online. online. online. With With With regard regard regard to to computer- and Web-based courses, face-to-face coaching should be provided in order to guarantee the effects of learning.The network-based teaching system developed in an attempt to implement the new teaching model should cover the complete process of teaching, learning, feedback and management, including such modules as students’ learning and self-assessment, t e achers’ lectures, and online coaching, as well as the monitoring and eachers’ lectures, and online coaching, as well as the monitoring and management management of of of learning learning learning and and and coaching. coaching. coaching. It It It should should should be be be able able able to to to track track track down, down, down, record record record and and check the progress o f learning in of learning in a ddition addition addition to to teaching and coaching, and attain t o to to a a high level of interactivity, multimedia use and operability. Colleges and universities should adopt good teaching software and encourage teachers to make effective use of Web multimedia and other teaching resources.One One of of of the the the objectives objectives objectives of of of the the the reform reform reform of of of the the the teaching teaching teaching model model model is is is to to to promote promote promote the the development of individualized study methods and the autonomous learning ability on the the part part part of of of students. students. students. The The The new new new model model model should should should enable enable enable students students students to to to select select select materials materials materials and and methods suited to their individual needs, Obtain guidance in learning strategies, and gradually improve their autonomous learning ability.Changes Changes in in in the the the teaching teaching teaching model model model by by by no no no means means means call call call for for for changes changes changes in in in teaching teaching methods and approaches only, but, more importantly, consist of changes in teaching philosophy philosophy and and and practice, practice, practice, and and and in in in a a a shift shift shift from from from a a a teacher-centered teacher-centered teacher-centered pattern, pattern, pattern, in in in which which knowledge of the language and skills are imparted by the teacher in class only, to a student-centered student-centered pattern, pattern, pattern, in in in which which which the the the ability ability ability to to to use use use the the the language language language and and and the the the ability ability ability to to learn independently are cultivated in addition to language knowledge and skills, and also also to to to lifelong lifelong lifelong education, education, education, geared geared geared towards towards towards cultivating cultivating cultivating students’ students’ students’ lifelong lifelong lifelong learning learning ability.For the implementation of the new model, refer to Appendix 1: Computer- and Classroom-Based College English Teaching Model.Ⅴ. EvaluationEvaluation Evaluation is is is a key component in a key component in College English teaching. A comprehensive, objective, objective, scientific scientific scientific and and and accurate accurate accurate evaluation evaluation evaluation system system system is is is of of of vital vital vital importance importance importance to to to the the achievement of course goals. It not only helps teachers obtain feedback, improve the administration of teaching, and ensure teaching quality but also provides students with an an effective effective effective means means means to to to adjust adjust adjust their their their learning learning learning strategies strategies strategies and and and methods, methods, methods, improve improve improve their their learning efficiency and achieve the desired learning effects.The The evaluation evaluation evaluation of of of students’ students’ students’ learning learning learning consists consists consists of of of formative formative formative assessment assessment assessment and and summative assessmentFormative assessment refers to procedural and developmental assessment conducted conducted in in in the the the teaching teaching teaching process, process, process, i.e., i.e., i.e., tracking tracking tracking the the the teaching teaching teaching process, process, process, providing providing feedback and promoting an all-round development of the students, in accordance with the teaching objectives and by means of various evaluative methods. It facilitates the effective monitoring of students’ autonomous learning, and is particularly impor tant in in implementing implementing implementing the the the computer- computer- computer- and and and classroom-based classroom-based classroom-based teaching teaching teaching model. model. model. It It It includes includes 。

中国高等教育的伟大成就的原因英语作文全文共3篇示例，供读者参考篇1The Great Achievements of Higher Education in ChinaHigher education in China has experienced tremendous growth and development in recent years, demonstrating outstanding achievements that have brought forth notable impacts on both the national and global stages. There are several key reasons behind the success of higher education in China, which have enabled the country to advance in various fields and attain its current reputation as a leading force in the academic world.First and foremost, the strong emphasis on education and the importance of knowledge in Chinese culture have played a crucial role in the development of higher education. Throughout history, education has been highly valued in Chinese society, with the traditional belief that education is the key to success and social mobility. This cultural emphasis on learning has created a supportive environment for the growth of highereducation institutions, with both the government and the public investing heavily in education and research.Another significant factor contributing to the success of higher education in China is the government's commitment to promoting academic excellence and innovation. In recent decades, the Chinese government has implemented various policies and initiatives aimed at enhancing the quality of higher education, such as the establishment of world-class universities, the development of cutting-edge research facilities, and the recruitment of top-tier faculty members. These efforts have led to significant improvements in the overall quality and reputation of Chinese universities, with many institutions now ranking among the best in the world.Furthermore, the rapid economic growth and industrialization of China have provided strong support for the advancement of higher education in the country. As the Chinese economy has expanded and diversified, the demand for skilled professionals and innovative thinkers has increased, driving the need for higher education institutions to produce well-educated graduates who can meet the demands of the modern workforce. This has spurred the growth of new disciplines and fields of study, as well as the establishment of partnerships between universitiesand industry, leading to greater collaboration and knowledge exchange.In addition, the globalization of higher education has also played a significant role in China's academic success. With the increasing interconnectedness of the world and the growing importance of international collaboration, Chinese universities have actively engaged with their counterparts in other countries, fostering partnerships, exchange programs, and joint research projects. This has enabled Chinese students and scholars to expand their horizons, gain valuable international experience, and contribute to the global academic community.Overall, the remarkable achievements of higher education in China can be attributed to a combination of factors, including the cultural emphasis on education, government support for academic excellence, economic growth and industrialization, and the globalization of higher education. These factors have enabled Chinese universities to excel in various fields, produce groundbreaking research, and nurture talented individuals who are capable of making significant contributions to society. As China continues to strengthen its position as a global academic powerhouse, the future looks bright for higher education in the country, with even greater achievements on the horizon.篇2The great achievements of China's higher educationIn recent decades, China has seen remarkable growth and development in its higher education system. This has been attributed to a number of factors that have contributed to the success of China's higher education, making it an integral part of the country's overall progress and development. In this essay, we will explore the key reasons behind the great achievements of China's higher education system.First and foremost, one of the main reasons for the success of China's higher education system is the strong government support and investment in education. The Chinese government has made education a top priority and has allocated significant resources to the development of higher education institutions. This has enabled universities and colleges to expand their infrastructure, improve academic programs, and provide better learning resources for students.Another important factor that has contributed to the success of China's higher education system is the emphasis on academic excellence. Chinese universities and colleges have made significant efforts to enhance their academic reputation, attracttop talent, and promote excellence in research and teaching. This has helped China's higher education institutions to become more competitive on a global scale and attract top students and faculty members from around the world.Furthermore, China's higher education system has also benefited from international collaborations and partnerships. Many Chinese universities have established collaborations with leading universities and research institutions in other countries, which has helped to promote knowledge exchange, research collaboration, and international mobility of students and faculty. These partnerships have helped to enhance the quality of education and research in China's higher education institutions.Moreover, the rapid economic development of China has also played a significant role in the success of its higher education system. The strong economic growth has provided universities and colleges with the necessary resources to invest in infrastructure, technology, and research. This has enabled China's higher education institutions to become more innovative, competitive, and responsive to the changing needs of society and the economy.In addition, the increased focus on internationalization and globalization of higher education in China has also contributedto the success of its higher education system. Chinese universities have been actively recruiting international students and faculty members, establishing international partnerships, and participating in global research networks. This has helped to promote cultural exchange, diversity, and internationalization of higher education in China.Overall, the great achievements of China's higher education system can be attributed to a combination of factors, including strong government support, emphasis on academic excellence, international collaborations, economic development, and internationalization. These factors have helped China's higher education system to become a key driver of the country's progress and development, and to establish itself as a leader in higher education on the global stage.篇3The Great Achievements of Higher Education in ChinaHigher education in China has achieved remarkable success in recent years. This can be attributed to several key factors that have contributed to its rapid development and growth. In this essay, we will explore the reasons behind China's great achievements in higher education.One of the main reasons for China's success in higher education is its strong government support and investment. The Chinese government has made education a top priority and has allocated significant resources towards the development of universities and colleges. This has enabled institutions to improve their facilities, hire top faculty members, and conduct cutting-edge research, ultimately raising the quality of higher education in China.Another factor driving the success of higher education in China is the emphasis on innovation and entrepreneurship. Chinese universities are increasingly focusing on fostering a culture of innovation among their students and faculty members. They are encouraging entrepreneurship and providing support for startups, which has helped to cultivate a highly skilled and entrepreneurial workforce that can compete in the global market.Additionally, China's rapid economic growth has created a demand for a highly educated workforce. As the country transitions to a knowledge-based economy, there is a greater need for skilled professionals with advanced degrees. This has led to a surge in enrollment in higher education institutions,driving competition and spurring excellence in teaching and research.Furthermore, international collaboration has played a crucial role in China's higher education success. The country has actively engaged with foreign universities and institutions, leading to joint research projects, student exchanges, and collaborations on academic programs. This has helped to enhance the quality of education in China and expose students and faculty members to different perspectives and approaches.Moreover, the focus on quality assurance and accreditation has been instrumental in improving the standards of higher education in China. The government has implemented rigorous assessment criteria and accreditation processes to ensure that universities meet certain standards of excellence. This has helped to enhance the reputation of Chinese universities and attract talented students and faculty members from around the world.In conclusion, the great achievements of higher education in China can be attributed to a combination of factors, including government support, innovation, economic growth, international collaboration, and quality assurance. As China continues to invest in higher education and foster a culture ofexcellence and innovation, it is poised to become a global leader in education and research.。

24年考研英语一阅读The College English Test (CET) has been a staple of higher education in China for over two decades. Since its inception in 1987, the CET has undergone numerous changes and revisions to keep pace with the evolving needs of the country's education system. One of the most significant components of the CET is the reading section, which has played a pivotal role in assessing the English proficiency of millions of Chinese university students.The reading section of the CET-4, the more widely taken version of the exam, has been a subject of much scrutiny and analysis over the years. Over the past 24 years, this section has witnessed a remarkable transformation, reflecting the changing demands of English language education in China.In the early years of the CET-4, the reading section primarily focused on assessing students' basic understanding of written English. The passages were relatively straightforward, often covering topics related to everyday life or academic subjects. The questions that followed these passages were designed to test the students' abilityto comprehend the main ideas, identify key details, and make simple inferences.As the years progressed, the reading section of the CET-4 began to evolve, mirroring the growing emphasis on critical thinking and analytical skills in English language education. The passages became more complex, tackling a wider range of topics, from literature and history to science and technology. The questions also became more sophisticated, requiring students to engage in deeper analysis, draw connections between different parts of the text, and make inferences based on implicit information.One of the most significant changes in the CET-4 reading section has been the introduction of longer, more challenging passages. These passages often present a more nuanced and multifaceted perspective on a given topic, challenging students to navigate through layers of information and extract the core arguments or ideas. The questions associated with these passages have also become more demanding, requiring students to synthesize information, evaluate the author's stance, and formulate their own informed opinions.Another notable development in the CET-4 reading section has been the incorporation of more non-fiction texts, such as academic essays, research articles, and opinion pieces. This shift reflects the growingimportance of English for academic and professional purposes in China. Students are now expected to demonstrate their ability to comprehend and critically analyze a diverse range of written materials, preparing them for the rigors of higher education and the demands of the global job market.Moreover, the CET-4 reading section has also seen the inclusion of more interdisciplinary passages, drawing from fields such as economics, politics, and sociology. This approach encourages students to develop a broader understanding of the world and the role of English as a global language in various contexts.The evolution of the CET-4 reading section has not been without its challenges. As the exam has become more demanding, some have raised concerns about the level of difficulty and the impact on student performance. Critics have argued that the increased emphasis on critical thinking and analytical skills may disadvantage students who have not had the opportunity to develop these abilities through their English language education.However, proponents of the changes in the CET-4 reading section argue that these challenges are necessary to ensure that Chinese university graduates are well-equipped to navigate the complex and globalized world of the 21st century. By pushing students to engage with more sophisticated English texts and develop their criticalthinking skills, the CET-4 reading section is preparing them for the academic and professional demands they will face in the future.As the CET-4 celebrates its 24th year, the reading section continues to evolve, adapting to the changing needs of English language education in China. While the challenges may be significant, the progress made over the past two decades is a testament to the commitment of educators and policymakers to improve the quality of English language instruction and ensure that Chinese students are ready to take on the global stage.。

A Listening Course 4施心远主编《听力教程》4 答案Unit 1Part 1: Listening and Translation1. A college education can be very costly in the United States.在美国，大学教育的费用会很贵。

2. Rising costs have led more and more families to borrow money to help pay for college.费用的上涨使越来越多的美国家庭通过借钱来支付上大学的费用。

3. There are different federal loans and private loans for students.有各种个样的联邦贷款和私人贷款可供学生挑选。

4. Interest rates on some of these loans will go up on July 1st.在这些贷款品种中，有些品种的利率将从7月1日起上调。

5. There are growing concerns that many students graduate with too much debt.人们越来越担心，很多学生将背着沉重的债务从大学毕业。

Section Two Listening ComprehensionPart 1 Dialogue Social Grouping1.A2. C3. D4. C5. B6. C7. B8. APart 2 Passage Community CollegesEx. B: Sentence Dictation1. Great challenges faced the United States in the early 20th century, including global economic competition.2. During the same period, the country’s rapidly growing public high schools were seeking new ways to serve their communities.3. It offered a program of solid academics as well as a variety of students activities.4. A distinctive feature of the institutions was their accessibility to women, attributable to the leading role the colleges played in preparing grammar school teachers.5. The breadth of programming and the var iety of students’ goals make it difficult to accurately quantify community college performance.Ex. C: Detailed Listening.1. The leaders of the US realized that a skilled workforce was needed in the country’s key economic sectors.F. National and local leaders realized that a more skilled workforce was key to the country’s continued economic strength.)2. Three-quarters of high school graduates could not further their education because there were not enough higher education facilities available in the early 20th century.F. (Yet three-quarters of high school graduates were choosing not to further their education, in part because they were reluctant to leave home for a distant colleg.)3. It was common for public high schools to add a teacher institute, manual learning division or citizenship school to the diploma program in the early 20th century.T. (During the same period,…public high schools were seeking new ways to serve their communities. It was common for them to add a teacher institute, manual learning division or citizenship school to the dimploma program.)4. During the same time, small private colleges had formed an effective model of higher education based on the principles of small classes and close student-faculty relations.T. (Meanwhile, small, private colleges had fashioned an effective model of higher education grounded on the principles of small classes, close student-faculty relations...)5. The typical early community college rarely enrolled over 115 students.F. (The typical early community college was small, rarely enrolling more than 150 students.)6. Community colleges were good places for women to get education needed to be primary school teachers.T. (in such states as Missouri, which did not yet require K-8 teachersto have a bachelor's degree, it was common for more than 60 percent of community college students to be women, virtually all of them preparing to be teachers.)7. Community colleges, which appeared a century ago, make it possible for anyone who wants to learn to get publicly funded higher education close to their homes.T. (More than 100 years ago, this unique, American invention put publicly funded higher education at close-to-home facilities and initiated a practice of welcoming all who desire to learn, regardless of wealth, heritage or previous academic experience.)8. The success of community colleges can be defined as granting students associate degrees or certificates they need to find a job.F. (But success at community colleges must be broadly defined to include not just those who attain associate degrees and those who earn certificates, but also the millions who take noncredit and workforce training classes.)Ex. D: After-listening Discussion1. How do community colleges benefit their students according to research?education pays.Students with associate degrees and certificates /more likely / higher-status management /professional positions with higher earnings investment / pay lifelong dividendsstudents who earn associate degrees average lifetime earnings of $250,000 ≥people without degrees.2. What do you think about higher education in China?Open.Section Three NewsNews Item 1Ex. A: Summarize the newsThis news item is about China's latest plans for its ambitious space program.Ex. B: Complete the following outline.China's second manned space mission1. Landing spot:In the remote grasslands of Inner Mongolia.2. Significance:A source of national pride and international prestige.Future plan1. The next manned mission.1) Time: 20072) Goal: The astronauts will attempt a space walk.2. Focus of further development:The capability to rendezvous and dock with other spacecraft.3. Recruitment of astronauts:To recruit female astronauts in the near future.News Item 2Ex. A: Listen to the news and complete the summaryThis news item is about the growth of China’s economy.Ex. B: Fill in the blanks with the missing information.There are still question marks though over the stability of the recovery. The property sector is showing signs of overheating. The government this week announced measures to try to cool it. At the same time officials decided to extend tax subsidies for purchases of small vehicles and appliances suggesting that some here still believe Chinese manufacturers need government support.Growth was strongest in heavy industries such as coal, steel, power generation and automobiles. Consumer prices rose in November for thefirst time since February. But the rise was small and probably reflected higher food prices caused by early snowstorms which destroyed crops and disrupted transport.News Script•China's economy has recovered earlier and more strongly than any other. This latest data is further evidence of that trend. The rise in industrial output confirms what factory owners have been saying for some time now, that customers have been restocking their inventories and confidence is returning.•There are still question marks though over the stability of the recovery. The property sector is showing signs of overheating. The government this week announced measures to try to cool it. At the same time officials decided to extend tax subsidies for purchases of small vehicles and appliances suggesting that some here still believe Chinese manufacturers need government support.•Growth was strongest in heavy industries such as coal, steel, power generation and automobiles. Consumer prices rose in November for the first time since February. But the rise was small and probably reflected higher food prices caused by early snowstorms which destroyed crops and disrupted transport .News Item 3Ex. A: Listen and summarize the news itemThis news item is about China's large and growing trade with and aid to Africa.Ex. B: Listen again answer the following questions.1. How has the main football stadium been built in many African capitals?In many capitals, the main football stadium is likely to have been built with Chinese aid money.2. How much does Sino-African trade--and aid--amount to?It is estimated that Sino-African trade--and aid--amounts to as high as 12 billion dollars a year.3. How is the relationship between China and Africa compared with that between Europe and Africa?The links between China and Africa could grow to challenge the post-colonial links between Europe and Africa.4. What did China promise on the meeting in Addis Ababa?China promised to cancel debts, grant duty-free access into Chinafor African products and increase Chinese investments in Africa.Section FourPart 1 Feature ReportA.1. T 2. F 3. F 4. F 5. TB.1. It has been established for 11 years.2. It takes place every April.3. Because they glorify violence and foster unhealthy eating habits.4. They should have a wide variety of experiences, such as interactingwith other people, playing games, sports, music and reading.5. The Network is lobbying for better regulation of the use oftelevision in public spaces.Part 2 PassageScript:Paying the Price for Tuition IncreasesSomething has gone wrong at Wright State University.Just ask David A. Green, a native of Mineral Ridge, Ohio, who graduated from Wright State in June.The son and grandson of factory workers, he was exactly the type of student that Wright State had been established to serve -- and the type that it is having more and more trouble serving.Mr. Green says he could not have stayed in his hometown and found work because too many of the local factories have closed and "there are no jobs."He saw earning a degree in management-information systems as the key to making a decent living, and he had come to Wright State because it was more affordable than the other colleges that he considered.The problem for many Wright State students is that "affordable" is becoming a relative term in public higher education. As is generally the case in periods of economic stagnation, even the least-expensive public colleges have been hitting their students with one hefty tuition increase after another.Wright State still charges less than 9 of Ohio's 13 public universities, and its recent tuition increases are in line with those adopted by other public four-year colleges around the nation. But after several consecutive years of double-digit or near-double-digit tuition increases, it costs nearly 50 percent more for in-state undergraduates to enroll here than it did four years ago. Most will pay over $6,000 in tuition for the 2004-5 academic year, which gets under way this week.The easiest choices for policy makers in an economic downturn are often the ones that cause tuition to rise. Lawmakers would much rather reduce state spending than raise taxes to close budget gaps caused by a sour economy. And because public colleges have an alternative source of revenue -- tuition -- it is easier for lawmakers to cut spending on higher education than on most other public services. Meanwhile, many public colleges seem convinced that it is much better to raise tuition than to eliminate academic programs, trim salaries, or lay off employees.It takes visiting a fairly typical public college like Wright State to see that relying on such tuition increases to finance such institutions has real costs, extending well beyond the dollar figures that show up on students' tuition bills. In an interview here last spring, Mr. Green said he expected to graduate with $25,000 in college-related debt. He was working 30 hours a week on campus just to make ends meet, and his efforts to finance his college education were getting in the way of his efforts to learn. "I …Exercise B:1.David Green saw earning a degree in management-informationsystems as the key to making a decent living.2.The problem for many Wright State students is that "affordable" isbecoming a relative term in public higher education.3.After several consecutive years of double-digit or near-double-digittuition increases, it costs nearly 50 percent more for in-stateundergraduates to enroll here than it did four years ago.4.Most of the other students here seemed quietly resigned to coveringthe rising costs any way they could, often at the expense of theirstudies.5.Tuition increases jeopardize the "heart-and -soul mission" of WrightState, which is to provide people from modest backgrounds “a ticket up and out”.Exercise C:1.A2. D3. C4. D5. C6. A7. B8. DExercise D:1.The only thing that separated him from many other students was hiseagerness, as a member of the college’s student government, tospeak out against tuition increases and cuts in higher-educationspending. Most of the other students seemed quietly resigned to covering the rising costs any way they could, which generally meantworking long hours at low-paying jobs, often at the expense of their studies.2.Open.。