The Stony Brook Photometric Redshifts of Faint Galaxies in the Hubble Deep Fields

32丨
REAL ESTATE GUIDE 文/王萱
2023蛇形画廊 À table
——“一桌一世界”
丨REAL ESTATE GUIDE 蛇形画廊展亭设计项目是朱莉娅·佩顿·琼斯和汉斯·乌尔里希·奥布里斯特于2000年创立，旨在为国际设计师提供在有影响力的观众中展示他们的才华的机会。

每年，都会有一位建筑师受邀在伦敦海德公园的蛇形画廊建造一个临时的展馆。

受邀的建筑师在接受委托之后有六个月时间来设计和实现这件作品，随后在整个夏季向公众开放。

这已经成为伦敦乃至全球最受期待的建筑盛事。

项目名称：À table 项目地点：英国伦敦建筑设计：丽娜·戈特梅建成年份：2023年摄影：I wan Baan
画廊在自然中
项目概览新蛇形画廊的结构以细长层压木柱柱廊为基础，打造以放射形结构为支撑的九个折叠
花瓣，形成了围绕展馆的遮蔽廊道，室内与室外空间则以半透明玻璃幕为分隔。

此外，中
央天井照亮了内部空间，并覆有张拉膜以防止雨水进入室内。

这一设计旨在以最微妙、适
展亭设计与周围的树木相得益彰
2023. 7月刊丨33
低屋顶结构是对在西非马里发现的乡土建筑的致敬，这些建筑在当地被用于讨论和决定当前问题的社区聚会之处。

34丨REAL ESTATE GUIDE
这25张桌子和57张椅子在展馆内极具仪式感，为分享欢乐、想法、关怀、愉悦和传统提供了机会。

2023. 7月刊丨35。

Benjamin West Janke6 Feb2019165-year-old brand alleges trademark infringement against best-selling videogameBaker Donelson - USACo-publishedIn under three months, Red Dead Redemption 2 became the highestselling video game of 2018. Set in the 1800s in the Wild West, Red Dead 2is as much a film (with a main storyline that unfolds over more than60 hours) as it is an interactive action-adventure game with over 100missions for the player to navigate. It was released to universal acclaimand received several perfect scores from leading critics, due in large partto the game developers' creation of an immersive and complex environmentwith a relentless commitment to historical accuracy and detail. Red Dead2's developers, Take-Two Interactive Software and Rockstar Games, spentover seven years with the efforts of more than 2,000 people to create agame with more than 500,000 lines of dialogue and 300,000 animations.Red Dead 2 is widely celebrated for its realism and historical accuracy. Forexample, an article in The Guardian noted that the developers aim to provide players with a Wild West fantasy so authentic that "you can forget it is not real”. Other historically andgeographically accurate details (eg, flora and fauna, music, technology and wildlife)contribute to the game's believable and authentic experience. Even the birds are location-appropriate and sing with accurate pitch. Such commitment to realism has garneredattention from unlikely sources: the Audubon Society praised the game's inclusion of 200 distinct, interactive species of animals and 40 different plant species. In one of the 100 or so missions throughout Red Dead 2's story, fact meets fiction when the game's protagonists rob a train. The owner of the train hires Pinkerton security agents to find the culprits. In a cinematic cut-scene, two men introduce themselves to the main character as agents of the "Pinkerton Detective Agency, seconded to the United States government”, and tell him he is a wanted man with a bounty on his head. The detectives are dressed in bowler hats, red vests, ties and grey coats – apparel typical of the real Pinkerton detectives.They also wear silver shield-shaped badges on their chest and at times, the Pinkerton name can be seen. It is the same badge that the Pinkerton National Detective Agency used from 1850 to 1925. The Pinkerton detectives make appearances in 10 of the 100 or so missions. Red Dead 2 introduces the Pinkerton detectives in the same context that the company was founded in real life: hired by railroad companies to act as private security to protect shipments in the American West. In real life, the US government hired the Pinkerton National Detective Agency to track down criminals, including famous Wild West outlaws such as Jesse James and Butch Cassidy. In the latter part of the twentieth century, when agencies like the FBI subsumed much of the detective work, Pinkerton focused more on security. Today, Pinkerton provides a variety of corporate risk management services as a subsidiary of Securitas AB, a Swedish security firm and one of the largest in the world.Rockstar Games and Take-Two Interactive did not ask for Pinkerton's permission to use its name or badge. But did they have to?Six weeks after the release of Red Dead 2, Pinkerton sent Rockstar and Take-Two Interactive a cease and desist letter alleging that the unauthorised use of the Pinkerton brand, including PINKERTON'S (US Registration Number 887,265), and the Pinkerton Detective Badge (US Registration Number 546,426), constitutes trademark infringement.In response, Take-Two Interactive and Rockstar Games filed a declaratory judgment action in the US District Court for the Southern District of New York, seeking a declaration that it is not liable for trademark infringement based on three theories.First, the developers relied on First Amendment grounds, arguing that "Red Dead 2 references the Pinkerton Detective Agency and Historical Pinkerton Badge as part of the creative expression of the video game”, which references are relevant to their "artistic message as [they] have sought to create a historically realistic depiction of the Wild West, and the references relate to the historical feel, setting, and plot of the video game”. The developers argued that the Pinkerton name and badge are only used in the context of the video game itself and are not used in the game packaging or promotional material. In such a context, they do not suggest sponsorship or affiliation between Red Dead 2 and Pinkerton and that the First Amendment precludes a trademark infringement claim when "the use of a mark in a creative work that is artistically relevant to the work and not overly misleading”. Second, the developers sought a declaratory judgment that their use of the Pinkerton name and badge constitute nominative fair use. Under US trademark law, a commercial user is entitled to a nominative fair use defence under the following circumstances:◾the product or service in question is not readily identifiable without the use of the trademark;◾only so much of the mark or marks is used as is reasonably necessary to identify the product or service; and◾the user does not do anything that would, in conjunction with the mark, suggest sponsorship or endorsement by the trademark holder.Red Dead 2's developers argued that they used the Pinkerton name and badge to refer to the historical Pinkerton National Detective Agency, that they only used so much of the name and badge as necessary to identify it as such, and that consumers are not likely to be confused about the source of their products as compared with those of Pinkerton.Finally, the developers sought a declaratory judgment that their use of the Pinkerton name and badge is not likely to cause confusion as to the source or affiliation of its products or confuse consumers into believing that its products are sponsored or endorsed by the defendants, because the developers and the defendants provide completely different goods and services (video games versus corporate risk management and security).The developers' declaratory judgment action is in its infancy and Pinkerton has not yet filed a response. Prior to the lawsuit, Pinkerton's lawyers argued in writing to the developers that there must be artistic relevance of the use of the mark for the First Amendment defence to apply:Assessing the game's use of the Pinkerton assets, it is difficult to see how suchuse enhances the content, tone, style, purpose or appeal over the use of any otherlaw enforcement brand, and thus leaves the question of whether the use wasarbitrarily chosen to exploit the Pinkerton brand.The game developers addressed Pinkerton's argument in its lawsuit in part by identifying extensive use of the Pinkerton name in media and popular culture, including dozens of classic and contemporary television shows and movies.Pinkerton's president also issued a public statement on Red Dead 2, arguing that the game's claim to historical accuracy was “misleading”. The statement says in part:One cannot rewrite history to create profit in the present at the expense of real-life people who represent a brand today. In the game, Pinkertons are seenshooting horses, shooting guns and firebombs into buildings where women andchildren are present, and as violent villains in the community. History tells adifferent story.The statement also lamented that Pinkerton employees "now have to explain to their young game players why Red Dead Redemption 2 encourages people to murder Pinkertons," and that such an image is inaccurate and detrimental to the Pinkerton brand.CommentThe Red Dead 2 lawsuit raises several interesting issues. In particular, it highlights two aspects of trademark law that are often overlooked.First, consider the duration of trademark rights, which theoretically can last forever so long as they remain in use, as compared to other IP disciplines such as copyright and patent law, which are statutorily limited. Red Dead 2 is set in 1899 – nearly 50 years after the first Pinkerton office opened. In 1899 commercial electricity was in its infancy and the notion of a video game would not have crossed even the wildest of imaginations. Over 100 years later avenerable security company that has been using the same name for over 165 years is accusing a video game company of trademark infringement.Second, the Red Dead 2 lawsuit spotlights how trademark infringement claims require trademark use. It is never sufficient to simply claim "you can't do that, it's trademarked”. Whether ‘use’ constitutes trademark use, and whether it is permissible is a nuanced analysis. Inquiry must be made into such matters as the nature of the goods and services, or whether there is no descriptive subsite for the mark.The Red Dead 2 lawsuit is certainly one to watch. The developers of the game could have made up a fictitious detective agency in the style of the Pinkerton agency, but to provide the player with the most realistic experience of the 1890s Wild West, they went further – using the Pinkerton name and badge, as well as apparel and bowler hats distinctive of Pinkerton detectives. The developers defend that they used Pinkerton's marks only as much as necessary to identify Pinkerton in historical context. Arguably, historical details are even more important in a visual context than in a strictly literary one and the game relies on those details as anchor points to create an immersive and realistic experience. On the other hand, does the fictional aspect of historical fiction permit the developers to take creative licence when it suits them, if to do so is not authorised by the owner of the brand depicted in historical fiction? Red Dead 2's developers put dozens of outlaws in the game, but Pinkerton is hoping it can apprehend just one more.For further information contact:Benjamin West JankeBaker DonelsonView websiteEmail:************************Tel: +1 504 566 8607Meghan E CarterBaker DonelsonView websiteEmail:*************************Tel: +1 504 566 8607This is a co-published article whose content has not been commissioned or written by the IAM editorial team, but which has been proofed and edited to run in accordance with the IAM style guide.TAGSNorth America, United States of America。

德罗斯特效应照片制作教程先说一下什么是德罗斯特效应，德罗斯特效应（Droste effect）是递归的一种视觉形式，是指一张图片的某个部分与整张图片相同，如此产生无限循环。

就好像是说，你拿着一面镜子，然后再站在一面镜子前面，让两面镜子相对。

你看到镜子里面的情景，是相同的，无限循环的。

德罗斯特效应是一组非常有意思的照片，非常神奇，有的需要你花时间去辨别，如果你在这些图像上盯着太久，你可能会觉得自己越来越走到框架里面，甚至造成头晕、胸闷、脑子混乱…这种神奇的效果就被称为“德罗斯特效应”。

开始之前我们需要3个软件，分别是photoshop，GIMP（类似于PS），还有一个名为Mathmap 的数学软件，作为插件性质嵌入到GIMP里面，就像PS里面的滤镜一样。

可以自己到网上搜索。

下载好之后就可以进行安装了1 解压2 将 mathmap.exe, libgsl.dll, libgslcblas.dll 复制到 GIMP 插件(plugin)目录，默认是C:\Program Files\GIMP 2\lib\gimp\2.0\plug-ins3 复制 mathmaprc 、new_template.c 到C:\Users\你的用户名\.gimp-2.8\mathmap如果没有mathmap这个文件夹的话请新建一个。

1 你需要一张事先准备好做效果的图片，并在photoshop里面将需要的框架部分抠出来，背景透明，并保存为PSD或PNG文件。

抠图，换背景，加投影，加灯光调色我就不一一介绍了2.把刚才做好的PSD文件拖到GIMP里面，选择菜单的 Filters/Generic/Mathmap/Mathmap 打开Mathmap 插件,如图3.在设置面板里（Settings）去掉自动预览项（Auto Preview）4.进入Expression界面，将原有的默认代码删除，粘贴上我给你们的代码（文章最后会补上），然后就可以点预览（Preview）按钮了5.切换到 User Variables 面板，勾选 Tile Based on Transparency 和 Transparency Points In 项，然后点左边的预览(Preview)按钮感谢代码for Mathmap的原作者Breic 和改进者Pisco Bandito附代码########################################## Droste Effect code for Mathmap #### Original Code by Breic (Ben) #### Adapted by Pisco Bandito (Josh) #### Version 4.0 #### This version for Windows and Linux ###########################################You may need to alter the values of the following 9 variables to suit your image. r1=.4; # r1 is the inner radius. r1 is greater than zero and less than r2r2=1; # r2 is the outer radius. r2 is greater than r1 and less than 1p1=1; # periodicity - the number of times the image will repeat per cyclep2=1; # number of strands - the number of "arms" the spiral will have# procedural scaling and rotationzoom=.1; #Between .1 and 10rotate=-30; #Between -360 and 360# Procedural ShiftingxShift=.2; #Between -1 and 1yShift=0; #Between -1 and 1### To avoid framing problems on the largest annulus when tiling based on transparency, look# outside (levelsToLookOut) levels to see if something farther out should cover up this pixel# Try setting to 0 to see framing errors; 1 should be sufficient unless you have three or more# image layers contributing to some pixel (in which case set it to 2 or more). Larger values# slow the code down, and may lead to floating point errors.##levelsToLookOut=3;########################################################################################################################## You should not have to change anything below this line ##########################################################################################################################imageX=W; # image size, in pixelsimageY=H;minDimension=min(imageX, imageY);## User Variables, set these on the User Settings Tab ##retwist=user_bool("Do Not Retwist (Leave Unchecked for Droste Effect)");retwist=!retwist;### Tiling can be based on transparency (if the input image is a tiff), or simply based on the# radius. Using transparency, there can be protrusions between different annular layers.# Tiling based on transparency, you can decide whether you want to look inward or # outward from a transparent pixel. For example, with a frame you'll want to look inward,# while for a flower you'll want to look outward.##tileBasedOnTransparency=user_bool("Tile Based on Transparency?"); transparentPointsIn=user_bool("Transparency Points In?");# Miscellaneous variablestrue=1;false=0;epsilon=.01;##Correct the Rotation Variablerotate=pi/180*rotate;### Droste-effect code starts here# Set Droste effect parameters##alpha=atan(p2/p1*log(r2/r1)/(2*pi));f=cos(alpha);beta=f*exp(I*alpha);# the angle of rotation between adjacent annular levelsif (p2 > 0)then angle = 2*pi*p1;elseangle =-2*pi*p1;end;### Code to set up the viewport properly##if (retwist) thenxbounds=[-r2,r2];ybounds=[-r2,r2];elseybounds=[0,2.1*pi];xbounds=[-log(r2/r1), log(r2/r1)];end;xymiddle=ri:[0.5*(xbounds[0]+xbounds[1]),0.5*(ybounds[0]+ybounds[1])];xyrange=xy:[xbounds[1]-xbounds[0], ybounds[1]-ybounds[0]];aspectRatio=W/H;xyrange[0]=xyrange[1]*aspectRatio;xbounds=[xymiddle[0]-0.5*xyrange[0],xymiddle[0]+0.5*xyrange[0]];z=ri:[(xbounds[0]+(xbounds[1]-xbounds[0])*(x+W/2)/W)+xShift,(ybounds[0]+(ybound s[1]-ybounds[0])*(y+H/2)/H)+yShift];if (retwist) then # only allow for procedural zooming/scaling in the standard coordinateszinitial=z;z=xymiddle+(z-xymiddle)/zoom*exp(-I*rotate);elsezinitial=r1*exp(z); # save these coordinates for drawing a frame laterzinitial=zinitial*zoom*exp(I*rotate);end;### The Droste effect math all takes place over the next six lines.# All the rest of the code is for niceties.##if (retwist) thenz2=log(z/r1);elsez2 = z;end;logz=z2; # save these coordinates for drawing a grid laterz=p1*z2/beta;rotatedscaledlogz=z; # save these coordinates for drawing a grid laterz=r1*exp(z);## End Droste effect math## Tilingif (tileBasedOnTransparency && levelsToLookOut > 0) thenif ( transparentPointsIn) then ratio=r1/r2*exp(-I*angle); end;if (!transparentPointsIn) then ratio=r2/r1*exp( I*angle); end;z=z*exp(levelsToLookOut*log(ratio));end;### When tiling based on transparency, color is accumulated into the colorSoFar variable,# while alphaRemaining tells how much remains for lower layers to contribute (initially 1,# finally 0).##colorSoFar=rgba:[0,0,0,0];alphaRemaining=1;ix=minDimension/2*z[0];iy=minDimension/2*z[1];color=origValXY(ix,iy);colorSoFar = colorSoFar + (color*(alpha(color)*alphaRemaining)); alphaRemaining=alphaRemaining*(1-alpha(color));# do we need to look inward from the current point, or outward?sign=0;if (tileBasedOnTransparency) thenif ( transparentPointsIn && alphaRemaining > epsilon) then sign=-1; end;if (!transparentPointsIn && alphaRemaining > epsilon) then sign= 1; end;elseradius=sqrt(z[0]*z[0]+z[1]*z[1]);if (radius < r1) then sign=-1; end;if (radius > r2) then sign= 1; end;end;if (sign < 0) then ratio=r2/r1*exp( I*angle); end;if (sign > 0) then ratio=r1/r2*exp(-I*angle); end;### Iteratively move inward or outward, until# the point has radius r in [r1, r2), if tileBasedOnTransparency=false# or until alphaRemaining=0, if tileBasedOnTransparency=true# In the latter case, we accumulate color at each step##iteration=0; maxiteration=10;while (sign != 0 && iteration < maxiteration) doz2=z*ratio;z=z2;rotatedscaledlogz=rotatedscaledlogz+ri:[0,-sign*angle];ix=minDimension/2*(z[0]);iy=minDimension/2*(z[1]);color=origValXY(ix,iy);colorSoFar = colorSoFar + (color*(alpha(color)*alphaRemaining));alphaRemaining=alphaRemaining*(1-alpha(color));radius=sqrt(z[0]*z[0]+z[1]*z[1]);sign=0;if (tileBasedOnTransparency) thenif ( transparentPointsIn && alphaRemaining > epsilon) then sign=-1; end;if (!transparentPointsIn && alphaRemaining > epsilon) then sign= 1; end;elseradius=sqrt(z[0]*z[0]+z[1]*z[1]);if (radius < r1) then sign=-1; end;if (radius > r2) then sign= 1; end;end;iteration=iteration+1;end;color=colorSoFar;color=rgba:[color[0], color[1], color[2], 1]; # set the alpha value to 1 (it could be <1 if the loop terminated at iteration maxiteration)#This last line is important, it returns the pixel value for the current pixel color。

• 1080p (2.1MP) or 5MP Resolution • 2.7–12mm Integrated Lens•SNAPstream+™Capability to Reduce Bandwidth without ImpactingImage Quality• NightView ™for Strong Low Light Performance• True Day/Night Functionality with Mechanical IR Cut Filter•Enhanced WDR up to 120dB at Full Resolution: See Clearly in Shaded and Bright Light Conditions Simultaneously•CorridorView ™Allows 90° Image Rotation for Better Coverage in Hallwaysand Corridors•Privacy Mask, Motion Detection, B it Rate Control, Multi-Streaming, Multicasting, Forensic Zooming, and ScalingSeries FeaturesContera IP ™Bullet IP Megapixel Camera1080p or 5 Megapixel (MP) H.265/H.264 All-in-One Motorized P-Iris Lens True Day/Night Indoor/Outdoor Bullet-Style IP Camera with SNAPstream+™ (Smart Noise Adaptation and Processing), Enhanced WDR ™ (Wide Dynamic Range), NightView ™, and Smart IR• On-Screen Display (OSD)• Defog Technology• Triple Encoder: H.265/H.264/MJPEG• Network Protocols Include SNMP , HTTPS, IPv6, 802.1x, DHCP , and More • All-in-One H.265/H.264 PoE Solution•Smart IR Illumination with Variable Illumination Ensures that IR Light is Evenly Disbursed up to 100ft (30m) for Scenes with Low or No Ambient Light • Audio In / Out• SDXC Card Slot for Onboard Storage• Outdoor Rated IP66 and IK-10 Impact-Resistant Housing •Easily Adjustable 3-Axis Wall MountThe ConteraIP ™ Bullet outdoor-ready megapixel camera features 1080p and 5-megapixel (MP) resolution for optimum performance. The ConteraIP Bullet combines a day/night mechanical IR cut filter with an integrated motorized 2.7–12mm varifocal remote focus and zoom precision iris (P-iris) lens.Regardless of the time of day, the ConteraIP Bullet is prepared for any lighting condition. For applications with poor lighting conditions, Enhanced WDR ™ (wide dynamic range) at 120dB provides the best visual balance to shaded and bright light conditions.For clear color images in low-light, NightView ™ offers strong low-light sensitivity for capturing details in extremely poor-lit scenes, and is further enhanced by built-in Smart IR LED illumination that automatically adjusts output in response to the distance of an object in view to prevent over-exposure when the object is very close to the camera.Arecont Vision ® was the first to bring H.264 to the mainstream market and recently developed SNAPstream ™ (Smart Noise Adaptation and Processing)technology for reducing bandwidth without impacting image quality. Today we are proud to offer our next generation H.265 with SNAPstream+™ smart codec capable of delivering high quality video while saving over 50% of the data rate to reduce or prevent strain on the network.The SD card slot supports up to 256GB of storage capacity for convenient onboard storage. The camera’s power can be supplied via a Power-over- Ethernet (PoE - IEEE 802.3af) compliant network cable connection. The ConteraIP Bullet is IP66 rated for both indoor and outdoor applications. All models feature an impact resistant cast-aluminum housing capable of withstanding the equivalent of 55 kg (120 lbs) of force.The ConteraIP Bullet is ONVIF (Open Network Video Interface Forum) Profile S, G, Q and T compliant, providing interoperability between network video products regardless of manufacturer.Enhanced WDR Wide Dynamic RangeTrue Day/Night with IR Cut Filter Integrated Motorized Lens with Remote Focus and Zoom CorridorView with 90° Image FlipSDXC Card SlotNightViewSmart IR LEDs SNAPstream+TechnologyP-Iris Control for Best Depth of Field and Image ClarityImpact / Weather Resistant IK-10 and IP66 RatedAll-in-OneBullet-Style Solution witn Integrated Lens Tri-EncoderH.265/H.264/MJPEGH.264MJPEGH.265Contera ®IPH.265Contera IP™ComplianceCamera Imaging SpecificationsProgrammabilityData Transmission*30 frames per second (FPS) maximum with H.264 and H.265 compressionat 60 hertz (Hz), up to 25fps maximum at 50HzGeneral ElectricalIR IlluminatorEnvironmentalEvent ManagementAudio Electrical**Max FPS with Enhanced WDR ™ turned on will be up to 50% of listed FPSSee Next Page for Ordering InformationDimensions4.7"(119mm)9.3"(236mm)3.3"(84mm)4.7"(119mm)+1.818.937.0700||*************************© 2019 Arecont Vision Costar, LLC. All rights reserved. Arecont Vision and the Arecont Vision Costar logo are registered trademarks of the company.ConteraIP, CorridorView, Enhanced WDR, NightView, SNAPstream, and SNAPstream+ are business use trademarks of the company.ConfigurationsAccessories (Sold Separately)Model NumbersAVC LB-100Megapixel ResolutionConteraIP Product LineBody Type0502BulletCreate Your Model(Example: AV05CLB-100)Rev 001.008。

小编给你一个美联英语官方免费试听课申请链接：/test/waijiao.aspx?tid=16-73675-0美联英语提供：影视英语《肖申克的救赎》20年的吸金利器Bob Gunton is a character actor with 125 credits to his name, including several seasons of '24' and 'Desperate Housewives' and a host of movie roles in films such as the Oscar-winning 'Argo.' Vaguely familiar faces like his are common in the Los Angeles area where he lives, and nobody pays much attention. Many of his roles have been forgotten.鲍勃・冈顿(Bob Gunton)是一位性格演员，共饰演过125个角色，包括《24小时》(24)和《绝望的主妇》(Desperate Housewives)中的数季剧集，在奥斯卡获奖影片《逃离德黑兰》(Argo)等多部电影中也出演过角色。

在他所居住的洛杉矶地区，像他这样有些眼熟的面孔很常见，没有人会怎么注意他。

他的很多角色都已经被遗忘。

《肖申克的救赎》：20年的吸金利器.jpgBut every day, the 68-year-old actor says, he hears the whispers -- from cabdrivers, waiters, the new bag boy at his neighborhood supermarket: 'That's the warden in 'Shawshank.''但是这位68岁的演员说，每天他都会听到有人窃窃私语──出租车司机、餐厅服务员、附近超市里新来的打包男孩：“那是‘肖申克’里的典狱长。

DIRECTIVE NUMBER: CPL 02-00-150 EFFECTIVE DATE: April 22, 2011 SUBJECT: Field Operations Manual (FOM)ABSTRACTPurpose: This instruction cancels and replaces OSHA Instruction CPL 02-00-148,Field Operations Manual (FOM), issued November 9, 2009, whichreplaced the September 26, 1994 Instruction that implemented the FieldInspection Reference Manual (FIRM). The FOM is a revision of OSHA’senforcement policies and procedures manual that provides the field officesa reference document for identifying the responsibilities associated withthe majority of their inspection duties. This Instruction also cancels OSHAInstruction FAP 01-00-003 Federal Agency Safety and Health Programs,May 17, 1996 and Chapter 13 of OSHA Instruction CPL 02-00-045,Revised Field Operations Manual, June 15, 1989.Scope: OSHA-wide.References: Title 29 Code of Federal Regulations §1903.6, Advance Notice ofInspections; 29 Code of Federal Regulations §1903.14, Policy RegardingEmployee Rescue Activities; 29 Code of Federal Regulations §1903.19,Abatement Verification; 29 Code of Federal Regulations §1904.39,Reporting Fatalities and Multiple Hospitalizations to OSHA; and Housingfor Agricultural Workers: Final Rule, Federal Register, March 4, 1980 (45FR 14180).Cancellations: OSHA Instruction CPL 02-00-148, Field Operations Manual, November9, 2009.OSHA Instruction FAP 01-00-003, Federal Agency Safety and HealthPrograms, May 17, 1996.Chapter 13 of OSHA Instruction CPL 02-00-045, Revised FieldOperations Manual, June 15, 1989.State Impact: Notice of Intent and Adoption required. See paragraph VI.Action Offices: National, Regional, and Area OfficesOriginating Office: Directorate of Enforcement Programs Contact: Directorate of Enforcement ProgramsOffice of General Industry Enforcement200 Constitution Avenue, NW, N3 119Washington, DC 20210202-693-1850By and Under the Authority ofDavid Michaels, PhD, MPHAssistant SecretaryExecutive SummaryThis instruction cancels and replaces OSHA Instruction CPL 02-00-148, Field Operations Manual (FOM), issued November 9, 2009. The one remaining part of the prior Field Operations Manual, the chapter on Disclosure, will be added at a later date. This Instruction also cancels OSHA Instruction FAP 01-00-003 Federal Agency Safety and Health Programs, May 17, 1996 and Chapter 13 of OSHA Instruction CPL 02-00-045, Revised Field Operations Manual, June 15, 1989. This Instruction constitutes OSHA’s general enforcement policies and procedures manual for use by the field offices in conducting inspections, issuing citations and proposing penalties.Significant Changes∙A new Table of Contents for the entire FOM is added.∙ A new References section for the entire FOM is added∙ A new Cancellations section for the entire FOM is added.∙Adds a Maritime Industry Sector to Section III of Chapter 10, Industry Sectors.∙Revises sections referring to the Enhanced Enforcement Program (EEP) replacing the information with the Severe Violator Enforcement Program (SVEP).∙Adds Chapter 13, Federal Agency Field Activities.∙Cancels OSHA Instruction FAP 01-00-003, Federal Agency Safety and Health Programs, May 17, 1996.DisclaimerThis manual is intended to provide instruction regarding some of the internal operations of the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA), and is solely for the benefit of the Government. No duties, rights, or benefits, substantive or procedural, are created or implied by this manual. The contents of this manual are not enforceable by any person or entity against the Department of Labor or the United States. Statements which reflect current Occupational Safety and Health Review Commission or court precedents do not necessarily indicate acquiescence with those precedents.Table of ContentsCHAPTER 1INTRODUCTIONI.PURPOSE. ........................................................................................................... 1-1 II.SCOPE. ................................................................................................................ 1-1 III.REFERENCES .................................................................................................... 1-1 IV.CANCELLATIONS............................................................................................. 1-8 V. ACTION INFORMATION ................................................................................. 1-8A.R ESPONSIBLE O FFICE.......................................................................................................................................... 1-8B.A CTION O FFICES. .................................................................................................................... 1-8C. I NFORMATION O FFICES............................................................................................................ 1-8 VI. STATE IMPACT. ................................................................................................ 1-8 VII.SIGNIFICANT CHANGES. ............................................................................... 1-9 VIII.BACKGROUND. ................................................................................................. 1-9 IX. DEFINITIONS AND TERMINOLOGY. ........................................................ 1-10A.T HE A CT................................................................................................................................................................. 1-10B. C OMPLIANCE S AFETY AND H EALTH O FFICER (CSHO). ...........................................................1-10B.H E/S HE AND H IS/H ERS ..................................................................................................................................... 1-10C.P ROFESSIONAL J UDGMENT............................................................................................................................... 1-10E. W ORKPLACE AND W ORKSITE ......................................................................................................................... 1-10CHAPTER 2PROGRAM PLANNINGI.INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................... 2-1 II.AREA OFFICE RESPONSIBILITIES. .............................................................. 2-1A.P ROVIDING A SSISTANCE TO S MALL E MPLOYERS. ...................................................................................... 2-1B.A REA O FFICE O UTREACH P ROGRAM. ............................................................................................................. 2-1C. R ESPONDING TO R EQUESTS FOR A SSISTANCE. ............................................................................................ 2-2 III. OSHA COOPERATIVE PROGRAMS OVERVIEW. ...................................... 2-2A.V OLUNTARY P ROTECTION P ROGRAM (VPP). ........................................................................... 2-2B.O NSITE C ONSULTATION P ROGRAM. ................................................................................................................ 2-2C.S TRATEGIC P ARTNERSHIPS................................................................................................................................. 2-3D.A LLIANCE P ROGRAM ........................................................................................................................................... 2-3 IV. ENFORCEMENT PROGRAM SCHEDULING. ................................................ 2-4A.G ENERAL ................................................................................................................................................................. 2-4B.I NSPECTION P RIORITY C RITERIA. ..................................................................................................................... 2-4C.E FFECT OF C ONTEST ............................................................................................................................................ 2-5D.E NFORCEMENT E XEMPTIONS AND L IMITATIONS. ....................................................................................... 2-6E.P REEMPTION BY A NOTHER F EDERAL A GENCY ........................................................................................... 2-6F.U NITED S TATES P OSTAL S ERVICE. .................................................................................................................. 2-7G.H OME-B ASED W ORKSITES. ................................................................................................................................ 2-8H.I NSPECTION/I NVESTIGATION T YPES. ............................................................................................................... 2-8 V.UNPROGRAMMED ACTIVITY – HAZARD EVALUATION AND INSPECTION SCHEDULING ............................................................................ 2-9 VI.PROGRAMMED INSPECTIONS. ................................................................... 2-10A.S ITE-S PECIFIC T ARGETING (SST) P ROGRAM. ............................................................................................. 2-10B.S CHEDULING FOR C ONSTRUCTION I NSPECTIONS. ..................................................................................... 2-10C.S CHEDULING FOR M ARITIME I NSPECTIONS. ............................................................................. 2-11D.S PECIAL E MPHASIS P ROGRAMS (SEP S). ................................................................................... 2-12E.N ATIONAL E MPHASIS P ROGRAMS (NEP S) ............................................................................... 2-13F.L OCAL E MPHASIS P ROGRAMS (LEP S) AND R EGIONAL E MPHASIS P ROGRAMS (REP S) ............ 2-13G.O THER S PECIAL P ROGRAMS. ............................................................................................................................ 2-13H.I NSPECTION S CHEDULING AND I NTERFACE WITH C OOPERATIVE P ROGRAM P ARTICIPANTS ....... 2-13CHAPTER 3INSPECTION PROCEDURESI.INSPECTION PREPARATION. .......................................................................... 3-1 II.INSPECTION PLANNING. .................................................................................. 3-1A.R EVIEW OF I NSPECTION H ISTORY .................................................................................................................... 3-1B.R EVIEW OF C OOPERATIVE P ROGRAM P ARTICIPATION .............................................................................. 3-1C.OSHA D ATA I NITIATIVE (ODI) D ATA R EVIEW .......................................................................................... 3-2D.S AFETY AND H EALTH I SSUES R ELATING TO CSHO S.................................................................. 3-2E.A DVANCE N OTICE. ................................................................................................................................................ 3-3F.P RE-I NSPECTION C OMPULSORY P ROCESS ...................................................................................................... 3-5G.P ERSONAL S ECURITY C LEARANCE. ................................................................................................................. 3-5H.E XPERT A SSISTANCE. ........................................................................................................................................... 3-5 III. INSPECTION SCOPE. ......................................................................................... 3-6A.C OMPREHENSIVE ................................................................................................................................................... 3-6B.P ARTIAL. ................................................................................................................................................................... 3-6 IV. CONDUCT OF INSPECTION .............................................................................. 3-6A.T IME OF I NSPECTION............................................................................................................................................. 3-6B.P RESENTING C REDENTIALS. ............................................................................................................................... 3-6C.R EFUSAL TO P ERMIT I NSPECTION AND I NTERFERENCE ............................................................................. 3-7D.E MPLOYEE P ARTICIPATION. ............................................................................................................................... 3-9E.R ELEASE FOR E NTRY ............................................................................................................................................ 3-9F.B ANKRUPT OR O UT OF B USINESS. .................................................................................................................... 3-9G.E MPLOYEE R ESPONSIBILITIES. ................................................................................................. 3-10H.S TRIKE OR L ABOR D ISPUTE ............................................................................................................................. 3-10I. V ARIANCES. .......................................................................................................................................................... 3-11 V. OPENING CONFERENCE. ................................................................................ 3-11A.G ENERAL ................................................................................................................................................................ 3-11B.R EVIEW OF A PPROPRIATION A CT E XEMPTIONS AND L IMITATION. ..................................................... 3-13C.R EVIEW S CREENING FOR P ROCESS S AFETY M ANAGEMENT (PSM) C OVERAGE............................. 3-13D.R EVIEW OF V OLUNTARY C OMPLIANCE P ROGRAMS. ................................................................................ 3-14E.D ISRUPTIVE C ONDUCT. ...................................................................................................................................... 3-15F.C LASSIFIED A REAS ............................................................................................................................................. 3-16VI. REVIEW OF RECORDS. ................................................................................... 3-16A.I NJURY AND I LLNESS R ECORDS...................................................................................................................... 3-16B.R ECORDING C RITERIA. ...................................................................................................................................... 3-18C. R ECORDKEEPING D EFICIENCIES. .................................................................................................................. 3-18 VII. WALKAROUND INSPECTION. ....................................................................... 3-19A.W ALKAROUND R EPRESENTATIVES ............................................................................................................... 3-19B.E VALUATION OF S AFETY AND H EALTH M ANAGEMENT S YSTEM. ....................................................... 3-20C.R ECORD A LL F ACTS P ERTINENT TO A V IOLATION. ................................................................................. 3-20D.T ESTIFYING IN H EARINGS ................................................................................................................................ 3-21E.T RADE S ECRETS. ................................................................................................................................................. 3-21F.C OLLECTING S AMPLES. ..................................................................................................................................... 3-22G.P HOTOGRAPHS AND V IDEOTAPES.................................................................................................................. 3-22H.V IOLATIONS OF O THER L AWS. ....................................................................................................................... 3-23I.I NTERVIEWS OF N ON-M ANAGERIAL E MPLOYEES .................................................................................... 3-23J.M ULTI-E MPLOYER W ORKSITES ..................................................................................................................... 3-27 K.A DMINISTRATIVE S UBPOENA.......................................................................................................................... 3-27 L.E MPLOYER A BATEMENT A SSISTANCE. ........................................................................................................ 3-27 VIII. CLOSING CONFERENCE. .............................................................................. 3-28A.P ARTICIPANTS. ..................................................................................................................................................... 3-28B.D ISCUSSION I TEMS. ............................................................................................................................................ 3-28C.A DVICE TO A TTENDEES .................................................................................................................................... 3-29D.P ENALTIES............................................................................................................................................................. 3-30E.F EASIBLE A DMINISTRATIVE, W ORK P RACTICE AND E NGINEERING C ONTROLS. ............................ 3-30F.R EDUCING E MPLOYEE E XPOSURE. ................................................................................................................ 3-32G.A BATEMENT V ERIFICATION. ........................................................................................................................... 3-32H.E MPLOYEE D ISCRIMINATION .......................................................................................................................... 3-33 IX. SPECIAL INSPECTION PROCEDURES. ...................................................... 3-33A.F OLLOW-UP AND M ONITORING I NSPECTIONS............................................................................................ 3-33B.C ONSTRUCTION I NSPECTIONS ......................................................................................................................... 3-34C. F EDERAL A GENCY I NSPECTIONS. ................................................................................................................. 3-35CHAPTER 4VIOLATIONSI. BASIS OF VIOLATIONS ..................................................................................... 4-1A.S TANDARDS AND R EGULATIONS. .................................................................................................................... 4-1B.E MPLOYEE E XPOSURE. ........................................................................................................................................ 4-3C.R EGULATORY R EQUIREMENTS. ........................................................................................................................ 4-6D.H AZARD C OMMUNICATION. .............................................................................................................................. 4-6E. E MPLOYER/E MPLOYEE R ESPONSIBILITIES ................................................................................................... 4-6 II. SERIOUS VIOLATIONS. .................................................................................... 4-8A.S ECTION 17(K). ......................................................................................................................... 4-8B.E STABLISHING S ERIOUS V IOLATIONS ............................................................................................................ 4-8C. F OUR S TEPS TO BE D OCUMENTED. ................................................................................................................... 4-8 III. GENERAL DUTY REQUIREMENTS ............................................................. 4-14A.E VALUATION OF G ENERAL D UTY R EQUIREMENTS ................................................................................. 4-14B.E LEMENTS OF A G ENERAL D UTY R EQUIREMENT V IOLATION.............................................................. 4-14C. U SE OF THE G ENERAL D UTY C LAUSE ........................................................................................................ 4-23D.L IMITATIONS OF U SE OF THE G ENERAL D UTY C LAUSE. ..............................................................E.C LASSIFICATION OF V IOLATIONS C ITED U NDER THE G ENERAL D UTY C LAUSE. ..................F. P ROCEDURES FOR I MPLEMENTATION OF S ECTION 5(A)(1) E NFORCEMENT ............................ 4-25 4-27 4-27IV.OTHER-THAN-SERIOUS VIOLATIONS ............................................... 4-28 V.WILLFUL VIOLATIONS. ......................................................................... 4-28A.I NTENTIONAL D ISREGARD V IOLATIONS. ..........................................................................................4-28B.P LAIN I NDIFFERENCE V IOLATIONS. ...................................................................................................4-29 VI. CRIMINAL/WILLFUL VIOLATIONS. ................................................... 4-30A.A REA D IRECTOR C OORDINATION ....................................................................................................... 4-31B.C RITERIA FOR I NVESTIGATING P OSSIBLE C RIMINAL/W ILLFUL V IOLATIONS ........................ 4-31C. W ILLFUL V IOLATIONS R ELATED TO A F ATALITY .......................................................................... 4-32 VII. REPEATED VIOLATIONS. ...................................................................... 4-32A.F EDERAL AND S TATE P LAN V IOLATIONS. ........................................................................................4-32B.I DENTICAL S TANDARDS. .......................................................................................................................4-32C.D IFFERENT S TANDARDS. .......................................................................................................................4-33D.O BTAINING I NSPECTION H ISTORY. .....................................................................................................4-33E.T IME L IMITATIONS..................................................................................................................................4-34F.R EPEATED V. F AILURE TO A BATE....................................................................................................... 4-34G. A REA D IRECTOR R ESPONSIBILITIES. .............................................................................. 4-35 VIII. DE MINIMIS CONDITIONS. ................................................................... 4-36A.C RITERIA ................................................................................................................................................... 4-36B.P ROFESSIONAL J UDGMENT. ..................................................................................................................4-37C. A REA D IRECTOR R ESPONSIBILITIES. .............................................................................. 4-37 IX. CITING IN THE ALTERNATIVE ............................................................ 4-37 X. COMBINING AND GROUPING VIOLATIONS. ................................... 4-37A.C OMBINING. ..............................................................................................................................................4-37B.G ROUPING. ................................................................................................................................................4-38C. W HEN N OT TO G ROUP OR C OMBINE. ................................................................................................4-38 XI. HEALTH STANDARD VIOLATIONS ....................................................... 4-39A.C ITATION OF V ENTILATION S TANDARDS ......................................................................................... 4-39B.V IOLATIONS OF THE N OISE S TANDARD. ...........................................................................................4-40 XII. VIOLATIONS OF THE RESPIRATORY PROTECTION STANDARD(§1910.134). ....................................................................................................... XIII. VIOLATIONS OF AIR CONTAMINANT STANDARDS (§1910.1000) ... 4-43 4-43A.R EQUIREMENTS UNDER THE STANDARD: .................................................................................................. 4-43B.C LASSIFICATION OF V IOLATIONS OF A IR C ONTAMINANT S TANDARDS. ......................................... 4-43 XIV. CITING IMPROPER PERSONAL HYGIENE PRACTICES. ................... 4-45A.I NGESTION H AZARDS. .................................................................................................................................... 4-45B.A BSORPTION H AZARDS. ................................................................................................................................ 4-46C.W IPE S AMPLING. ............................................................................................................................................. 4-46D.C ITATION P OLICY ............................................................................................................................................ 4-46 XV. BIOLOGICAL MONITORING. ...................................................................... 4-47CHAPTER 5CASE FILE PREPARATION AND DOCUMENTATIONI.INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................... 5-1 II.INSPECTION CONDUCTED, CITATIONS BEING ISSUED. .................... 5-1A.OSHA-1 ................................................................................................................................... 5-1B.OSHA-1A. ............................................................................................................................... 5-1C. OSHA-1B. ................................................................................................................................ 5-2 III.INSPECTION CONDUCTED BUT NO CITATIONS ISSUED .................... 5-5 IV.NO INSPECTION ............................................................................................... 5-5 V. HEALTH INSPECTIONS. ................................................................................. 5-6A.D OCUMENT P OTENTIAL E XPOSURE. ............................................................................................................... 5-6B.E MPLOYER’S O CCUPATIONAL S AFETY AND H EALTH S YSTEM. ............................................................. 5-6 VI. AFFIRMATIVE DEFENSES............................................................................. 5-8A.B URDEN OF P ROOF. .............................................................................................................................................. 5-8B.E XPLANATIONS. ..................................................................................................................................................... 5-8 VII. INTERVIEW STATEMENTS. ........................................................................ 5-10A.G ENERALLY. ......................................................................................................................................................... 5-10B.CSHO S SHALL OBTAIN WRITTEN STATEMENTS WHEN: .......................................................................... 5-10C.L ANGUAGE AND W ORDING OF S TATEMENT. ............................................................................................. 5-11D.R EFUSAL TO S IGN S TATEMENT ...................................................................................................................... 5-11E.V IDEO AND A UDIOTAPED S TATEMENTS. ..................................................................................................... 5-11F.A DMINISTRATIVE D EPOSITIONS. .............................................................................................5-11 VIII. PAPERWORK AND WRITTEN PROGRAM REQUIREMENTS. .......... 5-12 IX.GUIDELINES FOR CASE FILE DOCUMENTATION FOR USE WITH VIDEOTAPES AND AUDIOTAPES .............................................................. 5-12 X.CASE FILE ACTIVITY DIARY SHEET. ..................................................... 5-12 XI. CITATIONS. ..................................................................................................... 5-12A.S TATUTE OF L IMITATIONS. .............................................................................................................................. 5-13B.I SSUING C ITATIONS. ........................................................................................................................................... 5-13C.A MENDING/W ITHDRAWING C ITATIONS AND N OTIFICATION OF P ENALTIES. .................................. 5-13D.P ROCEDURES FOR A MENDING OR W ITHDRAWING C ITATIONS ............................................................ 5-14 XII. INSPECTION RECORDS. ............................................................................... 5-15A.G ENERALLY. ......................................................................................................................................................... 5-15B.R ELEASE OF I NSPECTION I NFORMATION ..................................................................................................... 5-15C. C LASSIFIED AND T RADE S ECRET I NFORMATION ...................................................................................... 5-16。

2-L A MPL A R G E V E N U E L C D P R O J E C T O R w /F U L L 10-B I T P R O C E S S I N GIssued 4/06 ©2006 SANYOPLC-EF60A2-Lamp Multimedia HDTV ProjectorEXCEPTIONALLY BRIGHT, HIGH CONTRAST IMAGERated to deliver a radiant 5800 ANSI Lumens (in 2-lamp mode), the PLC-EF60A delivers class-leading brightness in its class. A fully adjustable mechanical shutter helps boost the contrast ratio to 1300:1. A wide range of other image adjustment options, including keystone correction, Vertical/Horizontal lens shift (lens sold separately) and picture zoom, are also provided.UNSURPASSED FULL 10-BIT IMAGE QUALITY10-bit video processing of both luminance and RGB signals plus a 12-bit progressive IC produce a true high-definition picture with outstanding brightness and contrast. A separate 12-bit gamma correction IC ensures deep, rich blacks and superior edge detail. Progressive scanning with 3-2/2-2 pulldown and 1080iprogressive technologies provide jitter-free digital video playback of filmed programming. New Real Color Manager Pro software simplifies set-up and helps maintain optimum performance NEW ADVANCED TECHNOLOGIESSANYO’s PLC-EF60A incorporates a number of innovative new technologies to adapt to a broader range of applications. These include:• Mechanical Shutter System clicks into place to block the lamp light the instant you turn off the image.• Single intake/exhaust fan with filter LED for improved dust resistance and easy maintenance.• New fan control with angle sensor allows 360° positions. • Front panel interface for greater positioning flexibility• New on-screen display with built-in test patterns provides quicker, more accurate set-up and calibration.UNIQUE LENS MEMORY CAPABILITY When used in conjunction with optional LNS-W04 or LNS-W06 lenses, zoom, focus and lens shift position can be programmed into memory. The POA-LNA04 (Lens Attachment) is required. NETWORK CONNECTIVITYThe PLC-EF60A can be connected to a computer network via the optional Advanced PJ-Net board (POA-MD19NET) for management and control capabilities.*Real Time Capture *Network Communication *Network Viewer *Advanced Card Imager *E-mail Alert *Automatic On/Off *Web Management by internet browser *Multi Control *SNMP agent *SNMP ManagerPRESENTATION TECHNOLOGIES21605 Plummer Street Chatsworth, CA 91311 Ph: 888-337-1215 (toll-free)Fax 818.717.2719 S p e c i f i c a t i o n sResolution1400 x 1050 (SXGA+)Brightness (typical) 5800 ANSI Lumens (2-lamp mode)Uniformity90% (corner to corner)LCD Panel System 1.4” TFT Poly-Silicon w/ micro lens x 3Number of Pixels 4,410,000 (1,470,000 x 3)Contrast Ratio 1300:1Projection LensLens sold separatelyProjection Image (diag.) Dependent on lens (30” ~ 500” w/ LNS-S02Z)Throw Distance Dependent on lens Zoom/Focus Dependent on lensLens ShiftPowered (Up/Down/Left/Right)Up/Down/Left/Right Ratio Up/Down: 10:0 ~ 0:10 or 8:1 ~ 1:8 or 1:1Left/Right: 3:2 ~ 2:3 or 1:1Lens Position Memoryw/ LNS-W04 and W06 (Lens Shift/Zoom/Focus)Digital Keystone Correction Vert. +/- 35°Projection System Dichroic mirror & X prism w/ PBSLens Throw Ratio Dependent on lens Projection Lamp300W UHP x 2Scanning Frequency H sync: 15kHz ~ 120kHz V sync: 48Hz ~ 120Hz Dot Clock 230MHz or lessColor SystemPAL/SECAM/NTSC/NTSC4.43/PAL-M/PAL-NComputer Compatibility UXGA(compression)SXGA /WXGA/XGA/SVGA/VGA/MAC Voltage 100~240V AC, 50/60Hz, auto voltageBTU Rating 3071dB Rating42dBA (normal)/39dBA (Eco mode)Power Consumption 900WDimensions (W x H x D) 20.4” x 9.9” x 23.9” (not including Adjustable Feet)Net Weight54.5 lbs. (without lens)User Maintenance Clean air filters, replace lamp assemblyInput Terminals Input 1Digital Visual Interface (DVI-D w/HDCP) •VGA (D-Sub15)Input 2 RGB & Component (BNC x 5) Input 3Component & Composite (RCA x 3) •S-Video (Mini DIN 4-pin)Input 4 (Detachable) Expansion slot (Digital or Analog board) Input 5 (Detachable) Expansion slot (Digital board only)Output Terminal VGA (D-Sub15) through Input 1 Analog only •No Speaker in the projectorControl Terminals Serial Port In/Out (D-Sub 9 x 2) • USB (Type A& Type B) • Wired R/C (mini-jack)Exclusive Terminal For Smoke Resistant Box Included AccessoriesOwner's Manual(CD-ROM) • Quick Manual • Wireless/Wired RF Remote Control w/Batteries (two “AA”) • Warranty Card • VGA Cable • AC Power Cord(9.8ft) • Lens Attachment x 2 (POA-LNA04 & POA-LNA02) • Light Block Sheet x 2 • Real Color Management Pro Software(CD-ROM)Optional AccessoriesOptional Lenses (see below)POA-SR140 (Smoke Resistant Box)POA-FIL140 (Replacement Filter for SR140) POA-MD19NET (Advanced PJ-Net board) POA-MD17SDID (HD & SD Dual-SDI board) POA-MD21WARP (WARP & Blending board) POA-MD09VD3 (Faroudja Progressive board) POA-MD18DVI (DVI w/HDCP board)POA-MD04VGA (D-Sub15 board) - Input4 only POA-LNA02 (for W02, W02KS, M01, S01) POA-LNA04 or LNA01 (for all other lenses)6103157689 (Replacement Lamp)FCC RatingClass A, UL ListedBecause its products are subject to continuous improvement, SANYO reserves the right to modify product design and specifications without notice and without incurring any obligations.Type Short Fixed Short Zoom On-Axis Short Fixed Short Zoom Short Zoom Short Zoom On-Axis Short Fixed Standard Zoom 1 Standard Zoom 2 Standard Zoom 3Semi-LongZoom Long Fixed Long Zoom Ultra Long Zoom Part No. LNS-W01 LNS-W02 LNS-W03 LNS-W04 LNS-W05 LNS-W06 LNS-W07 LNS-S01 LNS-S02 LNS-S03 LNS-M01 LNS-T01 LNS-T02 LNS-T03 Zoom No Yes(power) No Yes (power) Yes (power) Yes (power) No Yes(power) Yes(power) Yes(power) Yes(power) No Yes(power) Yes(power) Throw Ratio 1.5:1 1.8 – 2.3:1 1.0:1 2.0 – 2.6:1 1.2 – 1.7:1 1.5 – 2.0:1 0.7:1 2.3 – 3.7:1 2.6 – 3.3:1 3.3 – 4.5:1 4.5 – 5.8:1 8.9:1 5.6 – 8.0:1 8.1 – 11.6:1 F Stop 2.5 2.5 – 2.9 2.6 1.7 – 2.3 2.0 – 2.57 2.3 – 2.8 2.5 2.6 – 3.5 2.0 – 2.3 1.7 – 2.6 2.0 – 2.6 2.0 2.0 – 2.9 2.2 – 2.5 Lens Shift 8:1 – 1:8 8:1 – 1:8 1:1 8:1 – 1:8 8:1 – 1:8 8:1 – 1:8 1:1 10:0 – 0:10 10:0 – 0:10 8:1 – 1:8 8:1 – 1:8 8:1 – 1:8 8:1 – 1:8 8:1 – 1:8 Weight 12.8 lbs. 5.5 lbs. 6.6 lbs. 6.2 lbs. 6.6 lbs. 6.6 lbs. 6.8 lbs. 3.7 lbs. 4.2 lbs. 8.2 lbs. 4.2 lbs. 8.4 lbs. 6.8 lbs. 16.1 lbs.* Lens sold separately。

旷世杰作《银翼杀手》游戏版20周年记作者@CaesarZX || 凯撒的浴池- 知乎专栏迪克心，西木造：《银翼杀手》游戏版20周年（上）- 就像泪水消失在雨中：《银翼杀手》游戏版20周年（下）- Westwood工作室的旷世杰作《银翼杀手》（Blade Runner）至今已经发售二十年了。

相较这家工作室的其他几部光鲜火爆的作品，这部游戏在中国近乎鲜为人知。

出于完全无法抑制的对自己20年第一次启动这个游戏那一刻的怀旧之情，以及对保存这部我最热爱的冒险游戏的历史的莫名其妙的责任感，我在此写下这篇文章以纪念这部游戏、这家工作室，以及我自己的中学时代。

希望这微薄之力能（重新）引起今日游戏爱好者们对这个非凡产品，乃至图形冒险解谜这个游戏类型的好奇心，并以新一代玩家的眼光再次寻找它的意义，赋予它无尽的生命。

引子以上文字截屏来自1997年Westwood制作的游戏版《银翼杀手》序幕，它在一种阴沉而诡异的氛围音乐中缓缓从屏幕底下向上滚动，熟悉电影的游戏玩家一定知道这也是电影版的序言，形式与内容均一字不差。

尽管无论是游戏还是电影都有过中文翻译，但我还是想按自己的喜好来翻译一次来作为全文的印子，译文如下：很遗憾她活不了多长了。

可话说回来，谁能呢？——Gaff警官，电影《银翼杀手》原初美国科幻电影行业有这么一个共识：科幻作家菲利普·迪克（Philip K. Dick）、插画大师西德·米德（Syd Mead）、电影导演雷德利·史考特（Ridley Scott）和视觉特效先驱道格拉斯·特朗布（Douglas Trumbull），正是承蒙融合这四位先锋级大师的集体智慧之精华，《银翼杀手》这部在1982年票房惨败的科幻电影对电影工业乃至科幻领域的惊人影响才得以持续至今。

在另一个看似无关的领域里，Westwood Studios在即时战略游戏《沙丘2》（Dune II: The Building of a Dynasty）和图形冒险游戏“凯兰迪亚传奇”（Legends of Kyrandia）系列上的表现已经向全世界证明了自己在探索陌生领域以及涉足热门类型游戏方面的才华，而此后的“命令与征服”（Command & Conquer）系列的风靡，对这个工作室的最大作用则是加强了它的自信。