考研英语阅读text 2. 2000

2000考研英语二试卷及解答Section I Use of English (10%)Read the following text. Choose the best word or phrase for each numbered blank and ma,A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1 (客观答题卡).We suffer from a conspicuous lack of role models and shared causes. This is 1 ofreason, I think, that many young Asian-Americans continue to assimilate quietly into America 2 as doctors, scientists and engineers. Our struggles are individual and familial but 3 communal or political. Ours is a frustratingly limited version of the AMERICAN DrearrWhile I can strive for 4 into Harvard and become the talk of the Korean mothers in mlhometown, God forbid that I aim much further and higher than that —— 5 fame antinfluence as a writer, an intellectual or perhaps president of the United States. I wish more than anything else to feel like part of something 6 than myself and m~personal ambitions, part of a larger culture. Unfortunately, by coming to America my parent, 7 the cultural legacy they would have passed on to me. When I visited 8 last summer, found that I was 9 and chastised by many people for never learning how to speak Koreanand for turning my 10 on their culture. Taxi drivers would 11 to stop for me and my Korean-American friends because they knew from our 12 where we had come from.And 13 , in spite of the 17 years I have spent in this country, I feel more acutely consciousthan ever of the fact that I am not completely 14. Recently, a black man called me a "littleChinese faggot" in a men's room, and a 15 woman on the street told me to "go back toJapan." Americans, I think, feel a(n) 16 to keep both Asians and Asian-Americans at asociological, philosophical and geographical distance. With 17 numbers of Asian-American18 applying to top colleges, many white students have begun to complain about Asian-American 19 and competitiveness, calling us "Asian nerds." Many Americans consider thisas part of a larger "Asian invasionf associated 20 Japan's export success in America.01. [A] one [B] part [C] much [D] some02. [A] country [B] city [C] land [D] society03. [A] hardly [B] frequently [C] approximately [D] always04. [A] scholarship [B] citizenship [C] admittance [D] integration05. [A] toward [B] near [C] between [D] among06. [A] more [B] better [C] larger [D] longer07. [A] sold [B] maintained [C] memorized [D] sacrificed08. [A] Japan [B] China [C] Korea [D] Thailand09. [A] scorned [B] respected [C]surprised [D] ignored10. [A] side [B] head [C] eyes [D] back11. [A] like [B] refuse [C] straggle [D] want12. [A] skin [B] clothes [C] faces [D] politeness13. [A] also [B] so [C] yet [D] then14. [A] hated [B] ignored [C] treated [D] welcome15. IAI homeless [B] careless [C] selfless [D] shameless16. [A] fear [B] need [C] interest [D] hate17. [A] growing [B] expanding [C] developing [D] enlarging18. [A] people [B] residents [C] students [D] foreigners19. ,[Al diligence [B] laziness [C] hardship [D] stubbornness20. [A] for [B] to [C] with [D] atgection II Reading Comprehension (60%)Part A (40 %)Read the following texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1 (客观答题卡).Text 1InfraGard is a grass-roots effort to respond to the need for cooperation and collaboration n countering the threat of cybercrime and terrorism to private businesses and the government. By the end of September, there will be InfraGard chapters in all 50 states, Calloway said.With advice from the FBI, each local chapter will be run by a board of directorsthat includes members of private industry, the academic community and public agencies. Banks,utilities, and other businesses and government agencies will use a secure Web site to share nformation about attempts to hack into their computer networks. Members can join the system!t no charge.A key feature of the system is a two-pronged method of reporting attacks. A "sanitized"description of a hac attempt or other incident - one that doesn't reveal the name or ensitive information about the victim- can be shared with the other members to spot trends?hen a more detailed description also can be sent to the FBI's computer crimes unit to ietermine if there are grounds for an investigation.Cybercrime has jumped in recent years across the nation, particularly in hotbeds of financial cormmerce and technology like Charlotte. "Ten years ago, all you needed to protect yourself was a safe, a fence and security officers," said Chris Swecker, who is in charge of the FBI's Charlotte office. "Now any business with a modem is subject to attack."FBE agents investigating computer hac that disrupted popular Web sites including Amazon , CNN and Yahoo! this year identified several North Carolina victims. The investigation has also identified computer systems in North Carolina used by hackers to commit such attacks.Prosecutions of hackers have been hampered by the reluctance of businesses to report security intrusions for fear of bad publicity and lost business. Meanwhile, too many corporations have made it too easy for criminals by sacrificing security for speed and accessibility. Jack Wiles, who will lead the local InfraGard chapter's board, said a recent report estimated 97 percent of all cybercrime goes undetected. Wiles, a computer security expert, has a firewall on his personal computer to prevent hackers from getting into his files."I get at least one report a day that somebody was trying to get into my computer," he said. "The Net is a wonderful place, but it's also a dangerous one."21. From the first paragraph, we know[A] InfraGard is a protective measure aga/nst cybercrime.[BI InfraGard is a measure of cooperation and collaboration.[C] there will be 50 InfraGard chapters in all states.[DJ private business and the government are now committing cybererime.22. Each local chapter of InfraGard will be run by the following EXCEPT[Al academic communities.[B] public agencies.[C] FBI.[D] private industry.23. By saying "too many corporations have made it too easy for criminals by sacrificing security for speed and accessibility" the author means[A] too many corporations take no notice of the security problem of computers.[B] criminals are sacrificing security for speed and accessibility.[C] it's very easy to sacrifice security for speed and accessibility.[D] many companies suffer from computer hac because they value speed and accessibility more than security.24. All the following are reasons for the rise in cybercrime EXCEPT[A] victims won't report intrusions by hackers.[B] vi victims have no fkewalls.[C] the use of modem is increasing.[D] companies don't pay enough attention to Security.25. It can be concluded from the passage that[A] not all hac attempts are worthy of investigation.[B] information of the victims is inaccessible.[C] InfraGard chapters will be in effect by the end of September.[D] Amazon was once disrupted by hac .Text 2The annual Phi Delta Kappa/Gallup poll of attitudes towards public education releasedthis week found that a majorty of Americans feel t is important to put "a qualified,competent teacher in every classroom". Bob Chase, president of the National EducationAssociation (NEA), the main teachers' union, wasted no time in pointing out that this willrequire raising teachers' salaries so that more qualified candidates will enter the profession andstay there.A study by two economists suggests that the quality of America's teachers has more to dowith how they are paid rather than how much. The pay of American public-school teachers isnot based on any measure of performance; instead, it is determined by a rigid formula based onexperience and years of schooling, factors massively unimportant in deciding how wellstudents do.The uniform pay scale invites what economists call adverse selection. Since the mosttalented teachers are also likely to be good at other professions, they have a strong incentive toleave education for jobs in which pay is more closely linked to productivity. For dullards, theincentives are just the opposite.The data are stri : when test scores are used as a proxy for ability, the brightestindividuals shun the teaching profession at every juncture. Clever students are the least likelyto choose education as a major at university. Among students who do major in education, those with higher test scores are less likely to become teachers. And among individuals who enterteaching, those with the highest test scores are the most likely to leave the profession early.The study takes into consideration the effects of a nationwide 20% real increase in teachersalaries during the 1980s. It concludes that it had no appreciable effect on overall teacherquality, in large part because schools do a poor job of. recruiting and-selecting the best teachers.Also, even if higher salaries lure more qualified candidates into the profession, the overall effect on quality may be offset by mediocre teachers who choose to postpone retirement.The study also takes aim at teacher training. Every state requires that teachers be licensed,a process that can involve up to two years of education classes, even for those who have auniversity degree or a graduate degree in the field they would like to teach. Inevitably, thissystem does little to lure in graduates of top universities or professionals who would like toenter teaching at mid-career.26. Which statement is NOT TRUE according to the passage?[A] NEA is the largest society for teachers.[B] Education-majored students are not as wise as people have assumed.[C] Young teachers are paid less because their students don't do well enough.[D] The study is both concerned with the effects of rise in payment and teacher training.27. Increase in teacher salaries did not turn out so effective mainly because of the following reasons EXCEPT .[A] the authorities do not set standards for qualified teachers.[BI mediocre teachers postpone retirement.[C] the salaries were not attractive enough.[D] teachers didn't have equal opportunities.28. According to the passage, the reason for clever students' refusal to take teaching as profession is because .[A] it offers low pay.[B] they have interest in other professions.[C] it does not value productivity.[D] it uses poor recruiting strategies.29. "The data are stri : when the brightest individuals shun the teaching profession at every juncture" means .[A] students doing well in study are willing to take teaching as a career.[B] students doing well in study can't avoid choosing teaching as a career.[C] students doing well in study are reluctant to be teachers.[D] students doing well in study are not reluctant to be teachers.30. All can be concluded BUT .[A] teaching in U.S.A needs a certificate.[B] the more outstanding one is, the more likely he is to choose teaching.[C] American public-school teachers are paid in proportion to experience and years of schooling.[D] increase in teacher's salaries is to attract more qualified candidates to teaching.Text 3The Nobel prize in economics had a difficult birth. It was created in 1969 to mimic thefive prizes initiated under Alfred Nobel's will. These had already been around for 68 years, andpurists fought hard to stop the newcomer. Some members of the Royal Swedish Academy ofSciences still dismiss economics as unscientific, and its prize as not a proper Nobel. Earlywinners were among the prize's fiercest critics. Gunnar Myrdal, who shared the award in 1974,said the prize ought to be abolished (but he did not return the money). Milton Friedman, winnerin 1976, doubted the ability of a few people in Stockholm to make decisions respected aroundthe world.By the 1990s, the Nobel committee had gained a reputation for intransigence. Gary Becker won only after a flood of nominations forced the cabal in Stockholm to act. The father of game theory won only after Mr. Nash's sudden recovery from paranoid schizophrenia,though the disease had no bearing on the quality of his work, the best of which was done beforehe became ill. Robert Lucas received a prize that many economists believed he should have hadmuch earlier. In 1998, the prize became the subject of countless jokes after the collapse of Long-Term Capital Management, a hedge-fund firm whose founders included Robert Mertonand Myron Scholes, the 1997 Nobel laureates. The Merton/Scholes choice also highlighted another enduring problem with the prize:untimely deaths. Fischer Black, co-originator of the options-pricing model for which MessrsMerton and Scholes were recognised, died a year too soon to join his collaborators on thepodium. Last year, many economists hoped that Zvi Griliches, a noted econometrician who wasunquestionably deserving of the prize, and was suffering from a long illness, would win. He didnot, and died soon afterwards. Because the prize came into being so late, there is still a backlogof elderly luminaries waiting to be recognised. Paul Samuelson, one of the younger winners,and Mr Becker, who was a friend of Griliches, want the committee to take old age explicitlyinto account.The committee could also cast its net more widely across the profession. Almost ail the laureates are also theoreticians; advances in empirical work and applications in the past two decades have yet to be paid due respect, a fact bemoaned by Mr Becker. Mr Samuelson adds that the economics committee's selection methods have excessively mimicked those used for the prizes in natural sciences: "If the right apple fell on your head, and you saw it, then you got the prize. But if you had a lifetime of excellence in all branches of physics, you didn't get it."31. From the first paragraph, we learned that .[A] the Nobel prize in economics was created under Alfred Nobel's will.[B] Gunnar Myrdal was one of the Nobel prize winners in economics.[C] Milton Friedman refused to accept the prize.[D]the Nobel committee had not the ability to make decisions.32. We can learn from the text that about the winners of the Nobel prize in economics during 1990s, .[A] Gary Becker won the prize after he forced the committee to act.[B]Mr Nash's illness delayed his receiving of the prize.[C]obert Lucas received the prize earlier than expected.[D] Robert Merton and Myron Scholes played jokes on the prize.33. According to the text, the author's attitude toward Nobel prize in economics is .[A]doubtful.[B]positive.[C] hostile.[DJ indifferent.34. From the third paragraph, we learn that .[A] Fisher Black did not live long enough to win the Nobel prize.[B] the Nobel committee will soon take old age into account.[C] younger people are more likely to win the prize.[D] Zvi Griliches won the prize after he died.35. In the last paragraph of the text, Mr Samuelson's attitude toward the economics committee's selection methods is .[A] critical.[B] approving.[C] angry.[D] ironic.Text 4In America alone, tipping is now a $16 billion-a-year industry - all the more surprising since it is a behavioural oddity. Consumers acting rationally ought not to pay more than they have to for a given service, Tips, which are voluntary, above and beyond a service's contracted cost, and delivered afterwards, should not exist. So why do they? The conventional wisdom is that tips both reward the efforts of good service and reduce uncomfortable feelings of inequality. The better the service, the bigger the tip.A paper analysing data from 2,547 groups dining at 20 different restaurants shows that the correlation between larger tips and better service was very weak: only a tiny part of the variability in the size of the tip had anything to do with the quality of service. Customers who rated a meal as "excellent" still tipped anywhere between 8% and 37% of the meal price.Tipping is better explained by culture than by economics. In America, the custom hasbecome institutionalised: it is regarded as part of the accepted cost of a service. In a New Yorkrestaurant, failing to tip at least 15% could well mean abuse from the waiter. Hairdressers canexpect to get 15-20%, the man who delivers your groceries $2. In Europe, tipping is lesscommon; in many restaurants, discretionary tipping is being replaced by a standard servicecharge. In many Asian countries, tipping has never really caught on at all.How to account for these national differences? Look no further than psychology.According to Michael Lynn, the Cornell paper's co-author, countries in which people are moreextrovert, sociable or neurotic tend to tip more. Tipping relieves anxiety about being served bystrangers: And, says' Mr Lynn, "in America, where people are outgoing and expressive, tippingis about social approval. If you tip badly, people think less of you. Tipping well is a chance to show off." Icelanders, by contrast, do not usually tip - a measure of their introversion and lackof neuroses, no doubt.While such explanations may be crude, the hard truth seems to be that tipping does notwork. It does not benefit the customer. Nor, in the case of restaurants,does it actuallyincentivise the waiter, or help the restaurant manager to monitor and assess his staff. The cry ofstingy tippers that service people should "just be paid a decent wage" may actually makeeconomic sense.36. From the text we learn that Americans .[A] are willing to give tips because they love the practice.[B] like to givetips to service people to help them financially.[C] are reluctant to give tips, but they still do so.[D] are giving less and less tips.37. According to Paragraph 3, we learn that .[A] tips are voluntary in America.[B] people don't tip in Europe.[C] tipping is rare in many Asian countries.[D] tipping is now popular in Iceland.38. According to Michael Lynn, .[A] nervous people do not usually tip.[B] A merican people are anxious.[C] Icelanders don't like to show off.[D] people will ignore you if you tip bakly.39. The text indicates that in America .[A] customers tip 8% to 37% of the meal price if a meal was "excellent".[B] a waiter can abuse a customer if he fails to tip 15%.[C] the amount of tipping is standardized with different services.[D] the man who carry groceries for you can expect to get 15-20%.40. According to the text, the author believes that in America .[A] the better the service, the bigger the tip.[BI tips can reward the effort of good service.[C] tips can reduce feelings of inequality.[D] tips cannot prompt better service.Part B (20%)slation shouM be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET 2 (主观答题纸).(41) There are plenty of grim statistics about childhood in the Third World. showing thatthe journey for survival is long and hard. But in the rich world, children can suffer from adifferent kind of poverty - of the spirit. For instance, one Western country alone now sees 14,000 attempted suicides every year by children under 15, and one child in five needsprofessional psychiatric counselling.There are many good things about childhood in the Third World. Take the close andconstant contact between children and their parents, relatives and neighbours.In the West, the very nature of work puts distance between adults and children. (42) But itl most Third World villages mother and father do not go miles away each dayto do abstract work in offices, shuffling paper to make money mysteriously appearin banks. Instead. the child sees mother an(t father, relations and neighbours wor nearby, and often shares in that work.A child growing up in this way learns his or her role through participating in the community's work: helping to dig or build, plant or water, tend to animals or look after babies - rather than through playing with water and sand in kindergarten, building with construction toys, keeping pets or playing with dolls.(43) These children may grow up with a less oppressive limitation of space and time than their Western counterparts. Set days and times are few and self-explanatory, determined mostly by the rhythm of the seasons and the different jobs they bring. (44) A child in the rich world, on the other hand. is provided with a wrist-watchas one of the earliest symbols of ~owing up. so that he or she can worry, along with their parents about being late for school times, meal times clinic times, bed times, the times of TV shows……;Third World children are not usually cooped up indoors, still less in high-rise apartments.Instead of fenced-off play areas, dangerous roads, 'keep off the grass' signs and 'don't speak tostrangers', there is often a sense of freedom to play. (45)Parents can see their children outsiderather than observe them anxiously from ten floors up. And other adults in the community canusually be counted on to be caring rather than indifferent or threatening.Of course twelve million children under five still die every year through malnutrition anddisease. But children in the Third World is not all bad.Section m Writing (30%)Teachers often consider some students as good students. What do you think good studentsare like? Describe the characteristics of good students according to your own opinion. Provideone or two examples where necessary. You may also need to use knowledge in education andpsychology to support your argument. You shouM write 240-280 words. Write your essay on ANSWER SHEET 2 (主观答题纸).参照解答[A卷]解答：e of English （10%）01.B 02.D 03.A 04.C 05.A 06.C 07.D 08.C 09.A 10.D 11.B 12.B 13.C 14.D 15.A 16.B 17.A 18.C 19.A 20.CII.Reading comprehension（60%）21.A 22.C 23.D 24.B 25.A 26.C 27.A 28.C 29.C 30.B 31.B 32.B 33.A 34.A 35.A 36.C 37.C 38.C 39.C 40.DPart B（20%）41.有关第三世界儿童成长的大量统计资料令人担忧。

2000年考研英语text2
摘要：
1.考研英语的重要性
2.2000 年考研英语text2 的主要内容
3.文章的结构和亮点
4.对未来考研英语的展望
正文：
一、考研英语的重要性
在我国，考研英语一直是众多考生在备考过程中关注的焦点。

作为全国硕士研究生入学考试的重要组成部分，考研英语的成绩直接影响着考生能否顺利进入理想的研究生院校。

因此，对于有志于继续深造的学子来说，掌握好考研英语的重要性不言而喻。

二、2000 年考研英语text2 的主要内容
2000 年考研英语text2 是一篇关于科技革命的文章，主要讲述了科技发展给人类社会带来的巨大变革。

文章从互联网的普及、信息技术的飞速发展等方面进行了详细的阐述，并指出科技革命对于人类社会的影响是深远的。

三、文章的结构和亮点
这篇文章的结构清晰，逻辑性强。

首先，作者通过举例子引出科技革命这一主题，然后逐步分析了科技革命在各个领域的应用，最后得出结论，强调了科技革命对人类社会的重要性。

文章的亮点在于，作者运用了丰富的例子和数据，使得文章更具说服力。

四、对未来考研英语的展望
随着科技的发展，考研英语的考试形式和内容也在不断变革。

未来，我们可以预见，考研英语的阅读材料将会更加丰富多样，对考生的语言运用能力、逻辑思维能力等各方面素质的要求也将更高。

因此，对于备考考研英语的考生来说，除了掌握基本的语言知识外，还需要关注时事，提高自己的综合素质。

总之，2000 年考研英语text2 这篇文章提醒我们，科技革命已经成为人类社会发展的重要驱动力，我们应当关注其带来的变化，并努力适应新的时代。

2000-1Text21-Being a man has always been dangerous.There are about105males born for every100females,but this ratio drops to near balance at the age of maturity,and among70-year-olds there are twice as many women as men.But the great universal of male mortality is being changed.Now,boy babies survive almost as well as girls do.This means that,for the first time,there will be an excess of boys in those crucial years when they are searching for a mate.More important,another chance for natural selection has been removed.Fifty years ago,the chance of a baby(particularly a boy baby)surviving depended on its weight.A kilogram too light or too heavy meant almost certain death.Today it makes almost no difference.Since much of the variation is due to genes,one more agent of evolution has gone.2-There is another way to commit evolutionary suicide:stay alive,but have fewer children.Few people are as fertile as in the past.Except in some religious communities,very few women have15children.Nowadays the number of births,like the age of death,has become average.Most of us have roughly the same number of offspring.Again,differences between people and the opportunity for natural selection to take advantage of it have diminished.India shows what is happening.The country offers wealth for a few in the great cities and poverty for the remaining tribal peoples.The grand mediocrity of today-everyone being the same in survival and number of offspring-means that natural selection has lost80%of its power in upper-middle-class India compared to the tribes.3-For us,this means that evolution is over;the biological Utopia has arrived.Strangely,it has involved little physical change.No other species fills so many places in nature.But in the pass100,000years-even the pass100years-our lives have been transformed but our bodies have not.We did not evolve,because machines and society did it for us.Darwin had a phrase to describe those ignorant of evolution:they“look at an organic being as a savage looks at a ship,as at something wholly beyond his comprehension.”No doubt we will remember a20th century way of life beyond comprehension for its ugliness.But however amazed our descendants may be at how far from Utopia we were,they will look just like us.15.What used to be the danger in being a man according to the first paragraph?[A]A lack of mates.[B]A fierce competition.[C]A lower survival rate.[D]A defective gene.16.What does the example of India illustrate?[A]Wealthy people tend to have fewer children than poor people.[B]Natural selection hardly works among the rich and the poor.[C]The middle class population is80%smaller than that of the tribes.[D]India is one of the countries with a very high birth rate.17.The author argues that our bodies have stopped evolving because________.[A]life has been improved by technological advance[B]the number of female babies has been declining[C]our species has reached the highest stage of evolution[D]the difference between wealth and poverty is disappearing18.Which of the following would be the best title for the passage?[A]Sex Ratio Changes in Human Evolution[B]Ways of Continuing Man’s Evolution[C]The Evolutionary Future of Nature[D]Human Evolution Going Nowhere。

2000 英语2 阅读text3全文共3篇示例，供读者参考篇1Title: The Influence of Technology on SocietyIn today's modern world, technology has become an integral part of our everyday lives. From smartphones to social media to artificial intelligence, technology has revolutionized the way we communicate, work, and live. However, as our reliance on technology continues to grow, it is important to consider the impact that it has on society as a whole.One of the most significant ways in which technology has influenced society is through communication. With the advent of smartphones and social media platforms, we are now able to connect with people from all around the world instantly. This has made communication more efficient and convenient, but it has also raised concerns about privacy and security. Our personal information is now more vulnerable to hacking and misuse, leading to potential risks for individuals and organizations.Furthermore, the rise of automation and artificial intelligence has transformed the way we work. Many routine tasks that wereonce performed by humans are now being automated, leading to increased efficiency and productivity. However, this has also resulted in job displacement and a growing digital divide between those who have the skills to adapt to new technologies and those who do not. It is important for society to address these issues and find ways to ensure that technology benefits everyone, not just a select few.Moreover, technology has also had a profound impact on our daily lives. From shopping online to streaming movies to using virtual reality, technology has made our lives more convenient and enjoyable. However, this constant connection to technology has also led to concerns about addiction and mental health. Many people now spend hours each day staring at screens, which can have negative effects on their physical and mental well-being. It is crucial for society to find a balance between using technology for our benefit and knowing when to disconnect and engage in real-world interactions.In conclusion, technology has had a profound influence on society in both positive and negative ways. While it has improved communication, efficiency, and convenience, it has also raised concerns about privacy, job displacement, addiction, and mental health. It is important for society to address these issues and findways to use technology responsibly and ethically. By doing so, we can ensure that technology continues to benefit society and improve our lives for the better.篇2The article titled "Text3: The Benefits of Traveling Abroad" explores the advantages of traveling to different countries, learning about new cultures, and experiencing new ways of life. The author discusses how traveling can broaden our horizons, improve our communication skills, and enhance our understanding of the world.One of the main benefits of traveling abroad is the opportunity to immerse ourselves in a different culture. By experiencing firsthand the customs, traditions, and lifestyles of other countries, we can gain a deeper appreciation for diversity and become more open-minded individuals. Traveling allows us to break out of our comfort zones and challenge our preconceived notions about the world.Additionally, traveling abroad can greatly improve our communication skills. When we visit a foreign country, we are forced to interact with people who may not speak the same language as us. This can help us develop patience, adaptability,and the ability to communicate effectively even in challenging situations. Furthermore, learning a new language or improving our language skills through immersion can greatly enhance our personal and professional opportunities.Another benefit of traveling abroad is the opportunity to expand our knowledge and understanding of the world. By visiting historical sites, museums, and cultural landmarks, we can learn about the rich history and heritage of different countries. This can help us gain a better understanding of global issues, build empathy for people from different backgrounds, and develop a more nuanced perspective on international affairs.Moreover, traveling abroad can have a positive impact on our personal growth and development. It can help us become more independent, self-reliant, and resilient individuals. By navigating unfamiliar environments, overcoming language barriers, and adapting to new situations, we can build our confidence and expand our comfort zones. Traveling can also provide us with valuable life experiences, memories, and connections that can enrich our lives in lasting ways.In conclusion, traveling abroad offers numerous benefits for personal, social, and professional growth. It can help us become more open-minded, improve our communication skills, expandour knowledge of the world, and facilitate our personal development. As we explore new countries, cultures, and experiences, we have the opportunity to gain valuable insights, broaden our perspectives, and become more well-rounded individuals. So pack your bags, book your tickets, and embark on a journey of discovery and self-discovery through traveling abroad.篇3Text 3 presents a comparison between two types of weather forecasting methods: numerical models and human forecasters. The text explores the advantages and limitations of each method, as well as the potential benefits of combining the two approaches.Numerical weather models are computer-generated simulations that use mathematical equations to predict future weather conditions based on current observations. These models are able to analyze vast amounts of data and provide detailed forecasts for specific locations. They are also able to predict weather patterns that human forecasters may not be able to detect.On the other hand, human forecasters rely on their expertise and experience to interpret weather patterns and make predictions. They are able to take into account factors that numerical models may not consider, such as local terrain and atmospheric conditions. Human forecasters are also able to communicate their forecasts in a more understandable and accessible way for the general public.Despite their strengths, both numerical models and human forecasters have limitations. Numerical models may be limited by inaccuracies in the data they rely on, as well as by the inherent complexity of weather systems. Human forecasters are subject to biases and errors in judgment, which can affect the accuracy of their predictions.However, there is potential for synergy between the two methods. By integrating numerical models with human expertise, forecasters can combine the strengths of both approaches to improve the accuracy and reliability of weather forecasts. For example, human forecasters can use their knowledge to evaluate and interpret the output of numerical models, identifying potential errors or inconsistencies.Overall, the text suggests that a combination of numerical models and human forecasters may be the most effectiveapproach to weather forecasting. By leveraging the strengths of both methods, forecasters can provide more accurate and reliable forecasts to the public, helping to mitigate the impact of severe weather events and improve overall preparedness.。

2024年考研英语二阅读Text2试题及答案完整版PassageIn recent years, the concept of "inclusive growth" has gained significant attention in both academic and policy-making circles. The idea is to ensure that economic growth benefits everyone, rather than just the wealthy. This has led to a renewed focus on wealth distribution and therole of education in narrowing the economic gap. This passage will discuss the importance of inclusive growth, the challenges it faces, and the role of education in achieving it.The Importance of Inclusive GrowthInclusive growth is crucial for sustainable economic development. When growth is inclusive, it leads to a reduction in poverty and inequality, fostering social cohesion and stability. In contrast, exclusive growth can exacerbate social divisions, leading to social unrest and political instability. Inclusivegrowth ensures that all segments of society benefit from economic progress, thereby enhancing overall societal well-being.The Challenges of Inclusive GrowthDespite the importance of inclusive growth, achieving it is fraught with challenges. One major challenge is the unequal distribution of resources and opportunities. The wealthy often have better access to resources, such as education and healthcare, which enables them to benefit more from economic growth. In contrast, the poor are often left behind, struggling to improve their living conditions. This creates a cycle of poverty that is difficult to break.Another challenge is the lack of political will. In many cases, policy-makers are more concerned with short-term economic growth and political gains than with long-term inclusive growth. This can result in policies that prioritize the interests of the wealthy, perpetuating inequality.The Role of Education in Inclusive GrowthEducation is a powerful tool for achieving inclusive growth. By providing access to quality education, societies can empower individuals to improve their economic prospects and contribute to overall economic development. Here are some ways in which education can promote inclusive growth:1. Enhancing Human Capital: Education equips individuals with the skills and knowledge needed to participate in the modern economy. This enables them to secure better jobs and earn higher incomes, thereby reducing poverty and inequality.2. Promoting Social Mobility: Education can break the cycle of poverty by providing opportunities for upward mobility. When individuals from disadvantaged backgrounds have access to quality education, they can overcome the barriers that prevent them from escaping poverty.3. Fostering Innovation and Entrepreneurship: Education encourages innovation andentrepreneurship, which are crucial for sustainable economic growth. By nurturing the next generation of innovators and entrepreneurs, education can drive economic progress and create jobs.4. Strengthening Social Cohesion: Education promotes social cohesion by fostering a sense of community and shared values. This can help reduce social divisions and promote inclusive growth.5. Encouraging Gender Equality: Education can play a significant role in promoting gender equality, which is essential for inclusive growth. By providing girls and women with access to quality education, societies can empower them to participate fully in economic and social life.ConclusionIn conclusion, inclusive growth is a vital aspect of sustainable economic development. It ensures that all members of society benefit from economic progress, fostering social cohesion and stability. However, achieving inclusive growthis challenging, requiring addressing issues such as unequal resource distribution and lack of political will. Education plays a crucial rolein promoting inclusive growth by enhancing human capital, fostering social mobility, nurturing innovation and entrepreneurship, strengthening social cohesion, and encouraging gender equality.【答案】1. What is the main idea of the passage?A) The importance of education in achieving inclusive growth.B) The challenges of achieving inclusive growth.C) The role of inclusive growth in sustainable economic development.D) The concept of inclusive growth and its significance.答案：D2. According to the passage, what is one major challenge in achieving inclusive growth?A) The lack of political will.B) The unequal distribution of resources and opportunities.C) The prioritization of short-term economic growth.D) The lack of access to quality education.答案：B3. How can education contribute to inclusive growth?A) By reducing the gap between the rich and the poor.B) By providing access to quality education.C) By fostering innovation and entrepreneurship.D) All of the above.答案：D4. Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a role of education in promoting inclusive growth?A) Enhancing human capital.B) Promoting social mobility.C) Fostering innovation and entrepreneurship.D) Encouraging economic globalization.答案：D5. What is the author's tone towards inclusive growth?A) Optimistic.B) Pessimistic.C) Neutral.D) Critical.答案：A（注：本文为虚构的考研英语二阅读理解Text 2试题及答案，仅供参考。

2000 Text 1  A history of long and effortless success can be a dreadful handicap, but, if properly handled, it may become a driving force. When the United States entered just such a glowing period after the end of the Second World War, it had a market eight times larger than any competitor, giving its industries industries unparalleled unparalleled unparalleled economies economies economies of of of scale. scale. scale. Its scientists Its scientists were were the world's the world's best, best, its workers its workers the most skilled. America and Americans were prosperous beyond the dreams of the Europeans and Asians whose economies the war had destroyed. It was inevitable that this primacy should have narrowed as other countries grew richer. Just as inevitably, the retreat from predominance proved painful. By the mid-1980s Americans had found themselves at a loss over their fading industrial competitiveness. Some huge American industries, such as consumer electronics, had shrunk or vanished in the face of foreign competition. By 1987 there was only one American television maker left, Zenith. (Now there is none: Zenith was bought by South Korea's LG Electronics in July.) Foreign-made cars and textiles were sweeping into the domestic domestic market. market. market. America's America's America's machine-tool machine-tool machine-tool industry industry industry was was was on on on the ropes. For the ropes. For a while it it looked looked looked as as though the making of semiconductors, which America had invented and which sat at the heart of the new computer age, was going to be the next casualty.  All of this caused a crisis of confidence. Americans stopped taking prosperity for granted. They began began to to to believe believe believe that that that their their their way way way of of of doing doing doing business business business was was was failing, failing, failing, and and and that that that their their their incomes incomes incomes would would therefore shortly begin to fall as well. The mid-1980s brought one inquiry after another into the causes causes of of of America's America's America's industrial industrial industrial decline. decline. decline. Their Their Their sometimes sometimes sometimes sensational sensational sensational findings findings findings were were were filled filled filled with with warnings about the growing competition from overseas.  How things have changed! In 1995 the United States can look back on five years of solid growth while Japan has been struggling. Few Americans attribute this solely to such obvious causes as a devalued devalued dollar dollar dollar or or or the the the turning turning turning of of of the the the business business business cycle. cycle. cycle. Self-doubt Self-doubt Self-doubt has has has yielded yielded to to blind blind blind pride. pride. "American industry has has changed changed its structure, has gone on a diet, has learnt to be more quick-witted," according to Richard Cavanaugh, executive dean of Harvard's Kennedy School of Government. "It makes me proud to be an American just to see how our businesses are improving their their productivity," productivity," productivity," says Stephen says Stephen Moore Moore of of of the the the Cato Institute, Cato Institute, a a think-tank think-tank think-tank in in in Washington, Washington, Washington, D.C. D.C. And William Sahlman of the Harvard Business School believes that people will look back on this period as "a golden age of business management in the United States." 51. The U.S. achieved its predominance after World War Ⅱ because________.  [A] it had made painstaking efforts towards this goal  [B] its domestic market was eight times larger than before  [C] the war had destroyed the economies of most potential competitors  [D] the unparalleled size of its workforce had given an impetus to its economy 52. The loss of U.S. predominance in the world economy in the 1980s is manifested in the fact that the American ______. [A] TV industry had withdrawn to its domestic market [B] semiconductor industry had been taken over by foreign enterprises [C] machine-tool industry had collapsed after suicidal actions [D] auto industry had lost part of its domestic market 53. What can be inferred from the passage? [A] It is human nature to shift between self-doubt and blind pride.[B] Intense competition may contribute to economic progress. [C] The revival of the economy depends on international cooperation. [D] A long history of success may pave the way for further development. 54. The author seems to believe the revival of the US economy in the 1990s can be attributed to the________. [A] turning of the business cycle [B] restructuring of industry [C] improved business management [D] success in education 核心词汇核心词汇1. effortless 没有努力的没有努力的2. dreadful 可怕的可怕的3. handicap 障碍障碍4. handle 处理；解决处理；解决5. drive 驱动；driving force 驱动力驱动力6. glowing 光辉的；灿烂的光辉的；灿烂的7. competitor 竞争对手竞争对手8. unparalleled 无可比拟的；unmatched=matchless 无可比拟的无可比拟的9. skilled 熟练的熟练的10. beyond 超出超出11. inevitable 不可避免的不可避免的12. primacy 主导地位主导地位13. narrow 缩小缩小14. retreat 撤退；后退撤退；后退15. predominance 绝对主导地位绝对主导地位16. at a loss over 对…不知所措不知所措17. fade 消退；减弱消退；减弱18. competitiveness 竞争力竞争力19. shrink 缩小；萎缩缩小；萎缩20. vanish 消失消失21. in the face of 面对面对22. textile 纺织品纺织品23. sweep into 涌入涌入24. domestic 国内国内25. on the ropes 危在旦夕；命悬一线危在旦夕；命悬一线26. casualty 牺牲品牺牲品27. cause 引起引起28. take…for granted 想当然想当然29. inquiry 调查；询问调查；询问30. sensational 轰动一时的轰动一时的31. look back on 回顾回顾32. solid 稳定；固定稳定；固定33. attribute…to 把….归因于归因于34. solely 仅仅仅仅35. devalue 贬值贬值36. self-doubt 自我怀疑自我怀疑37. yield to 让位于让位于 38. blind pride 盲目自豪盲目自豪39. go on a diet 减肥；裁剪机构减肥；裁剪机构40. quick-witted 才智敏捷才智敏捷难句精解难句精解①A history of long and effortless success can be a dreadful handicap, but, if properly handled, it may become a driving force.  ▲该句是一个并列句，由前后两个转折关系的分句组成，其间的连词为but 。

2000年考研英语text2The passage discusses the influence of temperature on the behavior of animals. It argues that temperature is a crucial factor in determining various aspects of animal behavior, including locomotion, feeding, and reproduction. The author presents evidence from various studies to support this claim.Firstly, the article notes that temperature affects an animal's locomotion. It explains that many species have an optimal temperature range in which they can efficiently move. If the temperature is too cold or too hot, the animal's ability to move may be compromised. The author cites examples of studies on fish and reptiles to demonstrate this phenomenon. For instance, colder temperatures were found to slow down the swimming speed of fish, while higher temperatures caused reptiles to move slower.Secondly, the passage discusses the impact of temperature on animal feeding behavior. It states that temperature can influence an animal's appetite and the rate at which it consumes food. The author mentions a study on birds that found they ate less when the temperature was too high, likely due to increased energy expenditure in thermoregulation. Similarly, another study on insects revealed that they consumed less food at high temperatures, possibly due to reduced metabolic efficiency.Furthermore, the article highlights how temperature affects animal reproduction. It explains that temperature plays a critical role in determining the timing and success of mating and breeding. The author provides examples of studies on birds and marine animals to support this assertion. For instance, research on birds showed thatwarmer temperatures result in earlier reproduction, while colder temperatures delay breeding. Similarly, studies on marine animals found that temperature fluctuations can affect the success of spawning and larval development.In conclusion, the passage argues that temperature is a significant factor in shaping animal behavior. It impacts locomotion, feeding, and reproduction in various species. The article uses evidence from studies on fish, reptiles, birds, and marine animals to support this claim. Overall, understanding the influence of temperature on animal behavior is crucial for ecological research and conservation efforts.。

唐静考研阅读逐句译2000年第2篇第1句和第2句Being a man has always been dangerous. There are about 105 males born for every 100 females, but this ratio drops to near balance at the age of maturity, and among 70-year-olds there are twice as many women as men.单词：ratio比率；balance平衡，均衡；maturity成熟，到期。

结构：There are about 105 males born for every 100 females, （第一个并列句）//but this ratio drops to near balance at the age of maturity,（but连接的第二个并列句）//and among 70-year-olds there are twice as many women as men.（and连接的第三个并列句）译文：做个男人是危险的。

男女出生时的比例大约是105∶100，但到了成年期，这一比例几乎持平，而在70岁的老年人中女性是男性的两倍。

翻译技巧：1.理解中的“词义选择”。

第一句，好玩。

最好玩的是man这个词的理解和翻译。

在不同场合，man的含义太多，通常有“男人，男性”的意思；还有“人（男女均可）”，比如All men are created equal.；还有“人类”的意思；还有“丈夫，男朋友”的意思；还有“（男性）下属”的意思。

如果没有上下文，谁也无法说清楚第一句的a man指的是什么。

一看下文，在讲性别，好了，不用说，肯定就是“男人，男性”了。

2.数字比例和倍数的多少。

数字的翻译，是一个很大的话题，要论起来，一篇硕士论文的篇幅是肯定有了。

2000年全国硕士研究生入学考试英语试题及参考答案Section I Structure and VocabularyPart ADirections:Beneath each of the following sentences, there are four choices marked [A], [B], [C] and [D]. Choose the one that best completes the sentence. Mark your answer on ANSWER SHEET 1 by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets with a pencil.(5 points)Example:I have been to the Great Wall three times ________ 1979.[A] from[B] after[C] for[D] sinceThe sentence should read, "I have been to the Great Wall three times since 1979." Therefore, you should choose [D]Sample Answer[A] [B] [C] [■]1. As I'll be away for at least a year, I'd appreciate ________ from you now and then telling me how everyone is getting along.[A] hearing[B] to hear[C] to be hearing[D] having heard2. Greatly agitated, I rushed to the apartment and tried the door, ________ to find it locked.[A] just[B] only[C] hence[D] thus3. Doctors see a connection between increase amounts of leisure time spent ________ and the increased number of cases of skin cancer.[A] to sunbathe[B] to have sunbathed[C] having sunbathed[D] sunbathing4. Unless you sign a contract with the insurance company for your goods, you are not entitled ________ a repayment for the goods damaged in delivery.[A] to[B] with[C] for[D] on5. On a rainy day I was driving north through Vermont ________ I noticed a young man holding up a sign reading "Boston".[A] which[B] where[C] when[D] that6. Christie stared angrily at her boss and turned away, as though ________ out of the office.[A] went[B] gone[C] to go[D] would go7. The roles expected ________ old people in such a setting give too few psychological satisfactions for normal happiness.[A] of[B] on[C] to[D] with8. Talk to anyone in the drug industry, ________ you'll soon discover that the science of genetics is the biggest thing to hit drug research since penicillin was discovered.[A] or[B] and[C] for[D] so9. It wasn't so much that I disliked her ________ that I just wasn't interested in the whole business.[A] rather[B] so[C] than[D] as10. Countless divorced politicians would have been elected out of office years ago had they even thought of a divorce, let alone ________ one.[A] getting[B] to get[C] gotten[D] getPart BDirections:Each of the following sentences has four underlined parts marked [A], [B], [C], and [D]. Identify the part of the sentence that is incorrect and mark your answer on ANSWER SHEET 1 by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets with a pencil.(5 points)Example:A number of [A] foreign visitors were taken [B] to the industrial exhibition, which [C] they saw [D] many new products.Answer [C] is wrong. The sentence should read, "A number of foreign visitors were taken to the industrial exhibition, where they saw many new products." So you should choose [C].Sample Answer[A] [B] [■] [D]11. Having isolatedA on a remote island, withB little work to occupyC them, the soldiers suffered from boredom and low spiritsD.12. If the letter to be mailedA was placedB on the writing table an hour ago,it isC certain beingD there now.13. The rulingA party could even lose itsB majority in the lower house of parliament, startedC a period of prolonged strugglingD.14. The mechanisms atA work are manifestB in the tendency for such physical activity toC utilize the potentialD harmful constituents of the stress response.15. InA the long run, however, this hurry to shedB full-time staff may be moreC harmful to industry as it is toD the workforce.16. See to itA that you include inB the examination paper whateverC questions they didn't know the answerD last time.17. Most newspapers, while devotingA the major part of itsB space to recent events, usually manage to find roomC on the inside pages for articles onD some interesting topics.18. One sign by whichA you are making progress in an artB such as painting or photography is thatC you begin to realize how much there isD to learn.19. The ideal listener stays both inside and outsideA the music at the moment it is played and enjoyingB it almost as much asC the composer at the moment he composesD.20. ContinuedA exposure to stress has been linked to worsenedB functioning of the immune system, leavingC a person more liable forD infection.Directions:Beneath each of the following sentences, there four choices marked [A], [B], [C] and [D]. Choose the one that best completes the sentence. Mark your answer on ANSWER SHEET 1 by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets with a pencil.(10 points)Example:The lost car of the Lees was found ________ in the woods off the highway.[A] vanished[B] scattered[C] abandoned[D] rejectedThe sentence should read, "The lost car of the Lees was found abandoned in the woods off the highway." Therefore, you should choose [C].Sample Answer[A] [B] [■][D]21. He spoke so ________ that even his opponents were won over by his arguments.[A] bluntly[B] convincingly[C] emphatically[D] determinedly22. France's ________ of nuclear testing in the South Pacific last month triggered political debates and mass demonstrations.[A] assumption[B] consumption[C] presumption[D] resumption23. The 215-page manuscript, circulated to publishers last October, ________ an outburst of interest.[A] flared[B] glittered[C] sparked[D] flashed24. His efforts to bring about a reconciliation between the two Parties ________.[A] came off[B] came on[C] came round[D] came down25. The system was redesigned to embrace the network and eventually ________ it in a profitable direction.[A] adapt[B] control[C] install[D] steer26. The capital intended to broaden the export base and ________ efficiency gains from international trade was channeled instead into uneconomic import substitution.[A] secure[B] extend[C] defend[D] possess27. It is announced that a wallet has been found and can be ________ at the manager's office.[A] declared[B] obtained[C] reclaimed[D] recognized28. When I ________ my senses, I found myself wrapped up in bed in my little room, with Grandma bending over me.[A] woke up[B] took to[C] picked up[D] came to29. The American society is ________ an exceedingly shaky foundation of natural resources, which is connected with the possibility of a worsening environment.[A] established on[B] affiliated to[C] originated from[D] incorporated with30. I am not ________ with my roommate but I have to share the room with her, because I have nowhere else to live.[A] concerned[B] compatible[C] considerate[D] complied31. At first, the ________ of color pictures over a long distance seemed impossible, but, with painstaking efforts and at great expense, it became a reality.[A] transaction[B] transmission[C] transformation[D] transition32. When the committee ________ to details, the proposed plan seemed impractical.[A] got down[B] set about[C] went off[D] came up33. ________ to some parts of South America is still difficult, because parts of the continent are still covered with thick forests.[A] Orientation[B] Access[C] Procession[D] Voyage34. Mr. Smith had an unusual ________: he was first an office clerk, then a sailor, and ended up as a school teacher.[A] profession[B] occupation[C] position[D] career35. The mayor is a woman with great ________ and therefore deserves our political and financial support.[A] intention[B] instinct[C] integrity[D] intensity36. The English weather defies forecast and hence is a source of interest ________ to everyone.[A] speculation[B] attribution[C] utilization[D] proposition37. The fact that the golden eagle usually builds its nest on some high cliffs ________ it almost impossible to obtain the eggs or the young birds.[A] renders[B] reckons[C] regards[D] relates38. To impress a future employer, one should dress neatly, be ________, and display interest in the job.[A] swift[B] instant[C] timely[D] punctual39. You don't have to install this radio in your new car, it's an ________ extra.[A] excessive[B] optional[C] additional[D] arbitrary40. We were pleased to note that the early morning delivery didn't ________ to the traffic jam of the busy city.[A] aid[B] amount[C] add[D] attributeSection II Cloze TestDirections:For each numbered blank in following passage, there are four choices marked [A], [B], [C] and [D]. Choose the best one and mark your answer on ANSWER SHEET 1 by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets with a pencil. (10 points)If a farmer wishes to succeed, he must try to keep a wide gap between his consumption and his production. He must store a large quantity of grain __41__ consuming all his grain immediately. He can continue to support himself and his family __42__ he produces a surplus. He must use this surplus in three ways: as seed for sowing, as an insurance __43__ the unpredictable effects of bad weather and as a commodity which he must sell in order to __44__ old agricultural implements and obtain chemical fertilizers to __45__ the soil. He may also need money to construct irrigation __46__ and improve his farm in other ways. If no surplus is available, a farmer cannot be __47__. He must either sell some of his property or __48__ extra funds in the form of loans. Naturally he will try to borrow money at a low __49__ of interest, but loans of this kind are not __50__ obtainable.41. [A] other than[B] as well as[C] instead of[D] more than42. [A] only if[B] much as[C] long before[D] ever since43. [A] for[B] against[C] of[D] towards44. [A] replace[B] purchase[C] supplement[D] dispose45. [A] enhance[B] mix[C] feed[D] raise46. [A] vessels[B] routes[C] paths[D] channels47. [A] self-confident[B] self-sufficient[C] self-satisfied[D] self-restrained48. [A] search[B] save[C] offer[D] seek49. [A] proportion[B] percentage[C] rate[D] ratio50. [A] genuinely[B] obviously[C] presumably[D] frequentlySection III Reading ComprehensionDirections:Each of the passages below is followed by some questions. For each question there are four answers marked [A], [B], [C] and [D]. Read the passages carefully and choose the best answer to each of the questions. Then mark your answer on ANSWER SHEET 1by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets with a pencil. (40 points)Text 1A history of long and effortless success can be a dreadful handicap, but, if properly handled, it may become a driving force. When the United States entered just such a glowing period after the end of the Second World War, it had a market eight times larger than any competitor, giving its industries unparalleled economies of scale. Its scientists were the world's best, its workers the most skilled. America and Americans were prosperous beyond the dreams of the Europeans and Asians whose economies the war had destroyed.It was inevitable that this primacy should have narrowed as other countries grew richer. Just as inevitably, the retreat from predominance proved painful. By the mid-1980s Americans had found themselves at a loss over their fading industrial competitiveness. Some huge American industries, such as consumer electronics, had shrunk or vanished in the face of foreign competition. By 1987 there was only one American television maker left, Zenith. (Now there is none: Zenith was bought by South Korea's LG Electronics in July.) Foreign-made cars and textiles were sweeping into the domestic market. America's machine-tool industry was on the ropes. For a while it looked as though the making of semiconductors, which America had invented and which sat at the heart of the new computer age, was going to be the next casualty.All of this caused a crisis of confidence. Americans stopped taking prosperity for granted. They began to believe that their way of doing business was failing, and that their incomes would therefore shortly begin to fall as well. The mid-1980s brought one inquiry after another into the causes of America's industrial decline. Their sometimes sensational findings were filled with warnings about the growing competition from overseas.How things have changed! In 1995 the United States can look back on five years of solid growth while Japan has been struggling. Few Americans attribute this solely to such obvious causes as a devalued dollar or the turning of the business cycle. Self-doubt has yielded to blind pride. "American industry has changed its structure, has gone on a diet, has learnt to be more quick-witted," according to Richard Cavanagh, executive dean of Harvard's Kennedy School of Government. "It makes me proud to be an American just to see how our businesses are improving their productivity," says Stephen Moore of the Cato Institute, a think-tank in Washington, DC. And William Sahlman of the Harvard Business School believes that people will look back on this period as "a golden age of business management in the United States."51. The U.S. achieved its predominance after World War II because ________.[A] it had made painstaking efforts towards this goal[B] its domestic market was eight times larger than before[C] the war had destroyed the economies of most potential competitors[D] the unparalleled size of its workforce had given an impetus to its economy52. The loss of U.S. predominance in the world economy in the 1980s is manifested in the fact that the American ________.[A] TV industry had withdrawn to its domestic market[B] semiconductor industry had been taken over by foreign enterprises[C] machine-tool industry had collapsed after suicidal actions[D] auto industry had lost part of its domestic market53. What can be inferred from the passage?[A] It is human nature to shift between self-doubt and blind pride.[B] Intense competition may contribute to economic progress.[C] The revival of the economy depends on international cooperation.[D] A long history of success may pave the way for further development.54. The author seems to believe the revival of the U.S. economy in the 1990s can be attributed to the ________.[A] turning of the business cycle[B] restructuring of industry[C] improved business management[D] success in educationBeing a man has always been dangerous. There are about 105 males born for every100 females, but this ratio drops to near balance at the age of maturity, and among 70-year-olds there are twice as many women as men. But the great universal of male mortality is being changed. Now, boy babies survive almost as well as girls do. This means that, for the first time, there will be an excess of boys in those crucial years when they are searching for a mate. More important, another chance for natural selection has been removed. Fifty years ago, the chance of a baby (particularly a boy baby) surviving depended on its weight. A kilogram too light or too heavy meant almost certain death. Today it makes almost no difference. Since much of the variation is due to genes, one more agent of evolution has gone.There is another way to commit evolutionary suicide: stay alive, but have fewer children. Few people are as fertile as in the past. Except in some religious communities, very few women have 15 children. Nowadays the number of births, like the age of death, has become average. Most of us have roughly the same number of offspring. Again, differences between people and the opportunity for natural selection to take advantage of it have diminished. India shows what is happening. The country offers wealth for a few in the great cities and poverty for the remaining tribal peoples. The grand mediocrity of today -- everyone being the same in survival and number of offspring -- means that natural selection has lost 80% of its power in upper-middle-class India compared to the tribes.For us, this means that evolution is over; the biological Utopia has arrived. Strangely, it has involved little physical change. No other species fills so many places in nature. But in the pass 100,000 years -- even the pass 100 years -- our lives have been transformed but our bodies have not. We did not evolve, because machines and society did it for us. Darwin had a phrase to describe those ignorant of evolution: they "look at an organic being as a savage looks at a ship, as at something wholly beyond his comprehension." No doubt we will remember a 20th century way of life beyond comprehension for its ugliness. But however amazed our descendants may be at how far from Utopia we were, they will look just like us.55. What used to be the danger in being a man according to the first paragraph?[A] A lack of mates.[B] A fierce competition.[C] A lower survival rate.[D] A defective gene.56. What does the example of India illustrate?[A] Wealthy people tend to have fewer children than poor people.[B] Natural selection hardly works among the rich and the poor.[C] The middle class population is 80% smaller than that of the tribes.[D] India is one of the countries with a very high birth rate.57. The author argues that our bodies have stopped evolving because ________.[A] life has been improved by technological advance[B] the number of female babies has been declining[C] our species has reached the highest stage of evolution[D] the difference between wealth and poverty is disappearing58. Which of the following would be the best title for the passage?[A] Sex Ration Changes in Human Evolution[B] Ways of Continuing Man's Evolution[C] The Evolutionary Future of Nature[D] Human Evolution Going NowhereWhen a new movement in art attains a certain fashion, it is advisable to find out what its advocates are aiming at, for, however farfetched and unreasonable their principles may seem today, it is possible that in years to come they may be regarded as normal. With regard to Futurist poetry, however, the case is rather difficult, for whatever Futurist poetry may be -- even admitting that the theory on which it is based may be right -- it can hardly be classed as Literature.This, in brief, is what the Futurist says: for a century, past conditions of life have been conditionally speeding up, till now we live in a world of noise and violence and speed. Consequently, our feelings, thoughts and emotions have undergone a corresponding change. This speeding up of life, says the Futurist, requires a new form of expression. We must speed up our literature too, if we want to interpret modern stress. We must pour out a large stream of essential words, unhampered bystops, or qualifying adjectives, or finite verbs. Instead of describing sounds we must make up words that imitate them; we must use many sizes of type and different colored inks on the same page, and shorten or lengthen words at will.Certainly their descriptions of battles are confused. But it is a little upsetting to read in the explanatory notes that a certain line describes a fight between a Turkish and a Bulgarian officer on a bridge off which they both fall into the river -- and then to find that the line consists of the noise of their falling and the weights of the officers: "Pluff! Pluff! A hundred and eighty-five kilograms."This, though it fulfills the laws and requirements of Futurist poetry, can hardly be classed as Literature. All the same, no thinking man can refuse to accept their first proposition: that a great change in our emotional life calls for a change of expression. The whole question is really this: have we essentially changed?59. This passage is mainly ________.[A] a survey of new approaches to art[B] a review of Futurist poetry[C] about merits of the Futurist movement[D] about laws and requirements of literature60. When a novel literary idea appears, people should try to ________.[A] determine its purposes[B] ignore its flaws[C] follow the new fashions[D] accept the principles61. Futurists claim that we must ________.[A] increase the production of literature[B] use poetry to relieve modern stress[C] develop new modes of expression[D] avoid using adjectives and verbs62. The author believes that Futurist poetry is ________.[A] based on reasonable principles[B] new and acceptable to ordinary people[C] indicative of basic change in human nature[D] more of a transient phenomenon than literatureAimlessness has hardly been typical of the postwar Japan whose productivity and social harmony are the envy of the United States and Europe. But increasingly the Japanese are seeing a decline of the traditional work-moral values. Ten years ago young people were hardworking and saw their jobs as their primary reason for being, but now Japan has largely fulfilled its economic needs, and young people don't know where they should go next.The coming of age of the postwar baby boom and an entry of women into the male-dominated job market have limited the opportunities of teenagers who are already questioning the heavy personal sacrifices involved in climbing Japan's rigid social ladder to good schools and jobs. In a recent survey, it was found that only 24.5 percent of Japanese students were fully satisfied with school life, compared with 67.2 percent of students in the United States. In addition, far more Japanese workers expressed dissatisfaction with their jobs than did their counterparts in the 10 other countries surveyed.While often praised by foreigners for its emphasis on the basics, Japanese education tends to stress test taking and mechanical learning over creativity and self-expression. "Those things that do not show up in the test scores -- personality, ability, courage or humanity -- are completely ignored," says Toshiki Kaifu, chairman of the ruling Liberal Democratic Party's education committee. "Frustration against this kind of thing leads kids to drop out and run wild." Last year Japan experienced 2,125 incidents of school violence, including 929 assaults on teachers. Amid the outcry, many conservative leaders are seeking a return to the prewar emphasis on moral education. Last year Mitsuo Setoyama, who was then education minister, raised eyebrows when he argued that liberal reforms introduced by the American occupation authorities after World War II had weakened the "Japanese morality of respect for parents."But that may have more to do with Japanese life-styles. "In Japan," says educator Yoko Muro, "it's never a question of whether you enjoy your job and your life, but only how much you can endure." With economic growth has come centralization; fully 76 percent of Japan's 119 million citizens live in cities where community and the extended family have been abandoned in favor of isolated, two generation households. Urban Japanese have long endured lengthy commutes (travels to and from work) and crowded living conditions, but as the old group and family values weaken, the discomfort is beginning to tell. In the past decade, the Japanese divorce rate, while still well below that of the United States, has increased by more than 50 percent, and suicides have increased by nearly one-quarter.63. In the Westerner's eyes, the postwar Japan was ________.[A] under aimless development[B] a positive example[C] a rival to the West[D] on the decline64. According to the author, what may chiefly be responsible for the moral decline of Japanese society?[A] Women's participation in social activities is limited.[B] More workers are dissatisfied with their jobs.[C] Excessive emphasis his been placed on the basics.[D] The life-style has been influenced by Western values.65. Which of the following is true according to the author?[A] Japanese education is praised for helping the young climb the social ladder.[B] Japanese education is characterized by mechanical learning as well as creativity.[C] More stress should be placed on the cultivation of creativity.[D] Dropping out leads to frustration against test taking.66. The change in Japanese Life-style is revealed in the fact that ________.[A] the young are less tolerant of discomforts in life[B] the divorce rate in Japan exceeds that in the U.S.[C] the Japanese endure more than ever before[D] the Japanese appreciate their present lifeText 5If ambition is to be well regarded, the rewards of ambition -- wealth, distinction, control over one's destiny -- must be deemed worthy of the sacrifices made on ambition's behalf. If the tradition of ambition is to have vitality, it must be widely shared; and it especially must be highly regarded by people who are themselves admired, the educated not least among them. In an odd way, however, it is the educated who have claimed to have given up on ambition as an ideal. What is odd is that they have perhaps most benefited from ambition -- if not always their own then that of their parents and grandparents. There is heavy note of hypocrisy in this, a case of closing the barn door after the horses have escaped -- with the educated themselves riding on them.Certainly people do not seem less interested in success and its signs now than formerly. Summer homes, European travel, BMWs -- the locations, place names and name brands may change, but such items do not seem less in demand today than a decade or two years ago. What has happened is that people cannot confess fully to their dreams, as easily and openly as once they could, lest they be thought pushing, acquisitive and vulgar. Instead, we are treated to fine hypocritical spectacles, which now more than ever seem in ample supply: the critic of American materialism with a Southampton summer home; the publisher of radical books who takes his meals in three-star restaurants; the journalist advocating participatory democracy in all phases of life, whose own children are enrolled in private schools. For such people and many more perhaps not so exceptional, the proper formulation is, "Succeed at all costs but avoid appearing ambitious."The attacks on ambition are many and come from various angles; its public defenders are few and unimpressive, where they are not extremely unattractive. As a result, the support for ambition as a healthy impulse, a quality to be admired and fixed in the mind of the young, is probably lower than it has ever been in the United States. This does not mean that ambition is at an end, that people no longerfeel its stirrings and promptings, but only that, no longer openly honored, it is less openly professed. Consequences follow from this, of course, some of which are that ambition is driven underground, or made sly. Such, then, is the way things stand: on the left angry critics, on the right stupid supporters, and in the middle, as usual, the majority of earnest people trying to get on in life.67. It is generally believed that ambition may be well regarded if ________.[A] its returns well compensate for the sacrifices[B] it is rewarded with money, fame and power[C] its goals are spiritual rather than material[D] it is shared by the rich and the famous68. The last sentence of the first paragraph most probably implies that it is ________.[A] customary of the educated to discard ambition in words[B] too late to check ambition once it has been let out[C] dishonest to deny ambition after the fulfillment of the goal[D] impractical for the educated to enjoy benefits from ambition69. Some people do not openly admit they have ambition because ________.[A] they think of it as immoral[B] their pursuits are not fame or wealth[C] ambition is not closely related to material benefits[D] they do not want to appear greedy and contemptible70. From the last paragraph the conclusion can be drawn that ambition should be maintained ________.[A] secretly and vigorously。

2000 Text 1A history of long and effortless success can be a dreadful handicap, but, if properly handled, it may become a driving force. When the United States entered just such a glowing period after the end of the Second World War, it had a market eight times larger than any competitor, giving its industries unparalleled economies of scale. Its scientists were the world's best, its workers the most skilled. America and Americans were prosperous beyond the dreams of the Europeans and Asians whose economies the war had destroyed.It was inevitable that this primacy should have narrowed as other countries grew richer. Just as inevitably, the retreat from predominance proved painful. By the mid-1980s Americans had found themselves at a loss over their fading industrial competitiveness. Some huge American industries, such as consumer electronics, had shrunk or vanished in the face of foreign competition. By 1987 there was only one American television maker left, Zenith. (Now there is none: Zenith was bought by South Korea's LG Electronics in July.) Foreign-made cars and textiles were sweeping into the domestic market. America's machine-tool industry was on the ropes. For a while it looked as though the making of semiconductors, which America had invented and which sat at the heart of the new computer age, was going to be the next casualty.All of this caused a crisis of confidence. Americans stopped taking prosperity for granted. They began to believe that their way of doing business was failing, and that their incomes would therefore shortly begin to fall as well. The mid-1980s brought one inquiry after another into the causes of America's industrial decline. Their sometimes sensational findings were filled with warnings about the growing competition from overseas.How things have changed! In 1995 the United States can look back on five years of solid growth while Japan has been struggling. Few Americans attribute this solely to such obvious causes as a devalued dollar or the turning of the business cycle. Self-doubt has yielded to blind pride. "American industry has changed its structure, has gone on a diet, has learnt to be more quick-witted," according to Richard Cavanaugh, executive dean of Harvard's Kennedy School of Government. "It makes me proud to be an American just to see how our businesses are improving their productivity," says Stephen Moore of the Cato Institute, a think-tank in Washington, D.C. And William Sahlman of the Harvard Business School believes that people will look back on this period as "a golden age of business management in the United States."51. The U.S. achieved its predominance after World War Ⅱbecause________.[A] it had made painstaking efforts towards this goal[B] its domestic market was eight times larger than before[C] the war had destroyed the economies of most potential competitors[D] the unparalleled size of its workforce had given an impetus to its economy52. The loss of U.S. predominance in the world economy in the 1980s is manifested in the fact that the American ______.[A] TV industry had withdrawn to its domestic market[B] semiconductor industry had been taken over by foreign enterprises[C] machine-tool industry had collapsed after suicidal actions[D] auto industry had lost part of its domestic market53. What can be inferred from the passage?[A] It is human nature to shift between self-doubt and blind pride.[B] Intense competition may contribute to economic progress.[C] The revival of the economy depends on international cooperation.[D] A long history of success may pave the way for further development.54. The author seems to believe the revival of the US economy in the 1990s can be attributed to the________.[A] turning of the business cycle[B] restructuring of industry[C] improved business management[D] success in education核心词汇1. effortless 没有努力的2. dreadful 可怕的3. handicap 障碍4. handle 处理；解决5. drive 驱动；driving force 驱动力6. glowing 光辉的；灿烂的7. competitor 竞争对手8. unparalleled 无可比拟的；unmatched=matchless 无可比拟的9. skilled 熟练的10. beyond 超出11. inevitable 不可避免的12. primacy 主导地位13. narrow 缩小14. retreat 撤退；后退15. predominance 绝对主导地位16. at a loss over 对…不知所措17. fade 消退；减弱18. competitiveness 竞争力19. shrink 缩小；萎缩20. vanish 消失21. in the face of 面对22. textile 纺织品23. sweep into 涌入24. domestic 国内25. on the ropes 危在旦夕；命悬一线26. casualty 牺牲品27. cause 引起28. take…for granted 想当然29. inquiry 调查；询问30. sensational 轰动一时的31. look back on 回顾32. solid 稳定；固定33. attribute…to 把….归因于34. solely 仅仅35. devalue 贬值36. self-doubt 自我怀疑37. yield to 让位于38. blind pride 盲目自豪39. go on a diet 减肥；裁剪机构40. quick-witted 才智敏捷难句精解①A history of long and effortless success can be a dreadful handicap, but, if properly handled, it may become a driving force.▲该句是一个并列句，由前后两个转折关系的分句组成，其间的连词为but。